WO2012131375A2 - Cadres de fenêtre, éléments de structure pour une construction couverte et leurs procédés d'assemblage - Google Patents

Cadres de fenêtre, éléments de structure pour une construction couverte et leurs procédés d'assemblage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012131375A2
WO2012131375A2 PCT/GB2012/050705 GB2012050705W WO2012131375A2 WO 2012131375 A2 WO2012131375 A2 WO 2012131375A2 GB 2012050705 W GB2012050705 W GB 2012050705W WO 2012131375 A2 WO2012131375 A2 WO 2012131375A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
structural element
hydrogen
independently selected
polymeric
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PCT/GB2012/050705
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English (en)
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WO2012131375A3 (fr
Inventor
James Rolfe
Warrick Allen
Andrea Duffy
Simon CHILDS
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Novel Polymer Solutions Limited
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Publication of WO2012131375A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012131375A2/fr
Publication of WO2012131375A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012131375A3/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/30—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
    • E06B3/301—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes consisting of prefabricated profiled members or glass
    • E06B3/306—Covering plastic frames with metal or plastic profiled members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/06—Roofs, roof membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to structural elements for a roof construction, with particular, but by no means exclusive, reference to frame structures such as window frames and door frames.
  • the invention relates also to methods of assembling said structural elements.
  • uPVC rigid polyvinylchloride
  • uPVC rigid polyvinylchloride
  • a foil onto the window frame to provide a desired exterior appearance, such as a desired colour, surface effect or surface appearance.
  • the foil is also formed from a PVC, and is bonded using a hot-melt adhesive.
  • the bonding of the foil to the uPVC window frame should be stable to outdoor conditions, i.e., it is required to withstand a range of humidities and temperatures.
  • There is a problem with obtaining adequate adhesion of the hot-melt adhesive to the uPVC window frame and it is known to utilise a pre-treatment to improve this adhesion.
  • the present invention in at least some of its embodiments, overcomes the above mentioned problems, and satisfies the above mentioned need.
  • the present invention is not limited to uPVC window frames, hot-melt adhesive, and PVC foils.
  • the invention applies also to other combinations of structural elements, coverings and adhesives.
  • a structural element for a wall or roof of a roofed construction including:
  • a base structural element formed from a rigid polymeric material
  • an adhesive layer which adheres the covering to the base structural element
  • the polymeric coating either directly or indirectly, acts to promote adhesion of the covering to the base structural element, and is formed by polymerising a polymeric precursor which includes a group of sub-formula (1)
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from CH or CR 11 where CR 1 is an electron withdrawing group
  • X 1 is a group CX 2 X 3 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent and a group CX 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • Y 1 is a group CY 2 Y 3 where the dotted line to which it is attached is absent and a group CY 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • X 2 ,X 3 ,Y 2 and Y 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine or other substituents.
  • polymeric precursors provided by the invention are preferably utilised with little or no solvents or other VOCs, and hence minimise the environmental impact of the invention. Furthermore, it has been found that polymeric coatings of the invention can provide excellent adhesion promotion on uPVC and other rigid polymeric construction materials.
  • the polymeric coating can act either directly or indirectly to promote adhesion of the covering to the base structural element.
  • the polymeric coating acts directly to promote adhesion of the covering to the base structural element, the polymeric coating is in effect an adhesive layer in direct contact with both the base structural element and the covering.
  • a separate adhesive layer is present which adheres the covering to the base structural element. In these embodiments, the polymeric coating acts to promote adhesion of the adhesive layer to the base structural element.
  • the base structural element may be non-planar.
  • the base structural element is profiled.
  • the term 'profiled' is understood to encompass base structural elements having a complex or at least non-planar surface topography, or having a complex, non-monolithic cross section.
  • the base structural element has an internal structure which comprises one or more cavities.
  • the base structural element is formed from a rigid polymeric material.
  • the rigid polymeric material may be a homopolymer, a co-polymer or a composite material which incorporates a polymer.
  • composite materials include wood or mineral/ polyolefin composites such as wood- polypropylene (WPC) glass reinforced plastics (GRPs).
  • WPC wood- polypropylene
  • GRPs glass reinforced plastics
  • An example of a suitable co-polymer is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).
  • the rigid polymeric material may be a thermoplastic.
  • the base structural element is formed from a rigid polyvinyl chloride or a rigid modified polyvinyl chloride such as acrylic modified uPVC.
  • the polymeric coatings provided by the present invention can successfully coat rigid polyvinyl chloride base structural elements and act as an adhesive or promote adhesion to the adhesive layer.
  • the invention encompasses base structural elements formed from other rigid polymeric materials.
  • the base structural element may be formed from a polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • the covering may be formed from any of the polymeric materials described above that the base structural element can be formed from.
  • the covering may be flexible in nature, in which instance it may be formed from a flexible polymeric material such as plasticised PVC or an elastomer.
  • the covering may be a foil, a veneer, an insulation layer or other applique to provide decoration or protection.
  • foil is understood to refer to an applied layer which essentially conforms to the shape of a surface of the base structural element which it overlays.
  • the structural element is a window or door frame structure, wherein the base structural element is a frame.
  • the covering may be a foil for the frame.
  • the frame may be formed from a rigid polyvinyl chloride or a rigid modified polyvinyl chloride.
  • the adhesive layer may comprise a hot-melt adhesive.
  • the hot-melt adhesive may be formed from a polymeric material. Polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyethylene terephthalate hot-melt adhesives may be utilised.
  • a roofed construction having a structural element according to the first aspect of the invention disposed in a wall or roof thereof.
  • the roofed construction is typically a permanent building, although other roofed constructions, including moving vehicles such as trains, are within the scope of the invention.
  • a method of assembling a structural element for a wall or roof of a roofed construction including the steps of:
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from (CR 7 R 8 ) n , or a group CR 9 R 10 ,
  • R 7 R 8 CR 9 R 0 or CR 9 R 10 CR 7 R 8 where n is 0, 1 or 2, R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo or hydrocarbyl, and either one of R 9 or R 10 is hydrogen and the other is an electron withdrawing group, or R 9 and R 10 together form an electron withdrawing group;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from CH or CR 1 1 where CR 11 is an electron withdrawing group
  • X 1 is a group CX 2 X 3 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent and a group CX 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • Y 1 is a group CY 2 Y 3 where the dotted line to which it is attached is absent and a group CY 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • X ,X 3 ,Y 2 and Y 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine or other substituents
  • the adhesion promotion of the polymeric coating can be either direct or indirect.
  • the adhesive layer is present, and the step of adhering the covering to the base structural element includes:
  • the step of contacting the adhesive layer with the covering may be performed before the step of applying the adhesive layer to the polymeric coating.
  • polymeric precursor' includes reference to monomers, and also to pre-polymers obtained by partial or pre- polymerisation of one or more monomers.
  • the polymeric precursor is polymerised by exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
  • Alternative polymerisation methods include the application of heat (which may be in the form of IR radiation), where necessary in the presence of an initiator, by the application of other sorts of initiator such as chemical initiators, or by initiation using an electron beam.
  • chemical initiator refers to compounds which can initiate polymerisation such as free radical initiators and ion initiators such as cationic or anionic initiators as are understood in the art. Radiation or electron beam induced polymerisation is suitably effected in the substantial absence of a solvent.
  • the expression "in the substantial absence of solvent” means that there is either no solvent present or there is insufficient solvent present to completely dissolve the reagents, although a small amount of a diluent may be present to allow the reagents to flow.
  • polymerisation may take place either spontaneously or in the presence of a suitable initiator.
  • suitable initiators include 2, 2' - azobisisobutyronitriie (AIBN), aromatic ketones such as benzophenones in particular acetophenone; chlorinated acetophenones such as di- or tri-chloracetophenone; dialkoxyacetophenones such as dimethoxyacetophenones (sold under the trade name "Irgacure 651 ”) dialkylhydroxyacetophenones such as dimethylhydroxyacetophenone (sold under the trade name "Darocure 1 173"); substituted dialkylhydroxyacetophenone alkyl ethers such compounds of formula
  • R y is alkyl and in particular 2, 2-dimethylethyl
  • R x is hydroxyl or halogen such as chloro
  • R p and R q are independently selected from alkyl or halogen such as chloro (examples of which are sold under the trade names "Darocure 1 1 16" and “Trigonal P1 "); 1 -benzoylcyclohexanol-2 (sold under the trade name "Irgacure 184"); benzoin or derivatives such as benzoin acetate, benzoin alkyl ethers in particular benzoin butyl ether, dialkoxybenzoins such as dimethoxybenzoin or deoxybenzoin; dibenzyl ketone; acyloxime esters such as methyl or ethyl esters of acyloxime (sold under the trade name "Quantaqure PDO"); acylphosphine oxides, acylphosphonates such as dialkylacylphosphon
  • R z is alkyl and Ar is an aryl group; dibenzoyl disulphides such as 4, 4'- dialkylbenzoyldisulphide; diphenyldithiocarbonate; benzophenone; 4, 4'-bis (N, N-dialkyamino) benzophenone; fluorenone; thioxanthone; benzil; a compound of formula
  • Ar is an aryl group such as phenyl and R z is alkyl such as methyl (sold under the trade name "Speedcure BMDS"), or an initiator of the type sold under the trade name 'Irgacure 127'.
  • alkyl refers to straight or branched chain alkyl groups, suitably containing up to 20 and preferably up to 6 carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl and alkynyl refer to unsaturated straight or branched chains which include for example from 2-20 carbon atoms, for example from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Chains may include one or more double to triple bonds respectively.
  • aryl refers to aromatic groups such as phenyl or naphthyl.
  • hydrocarbyl refers to any structure comprising carbon and hydrogen atoms.
  • these may be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl such as phenyl or napthyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl.
  • aryl such as phenyl or napthyl
  • arylalkyl cycloalkyl
  • cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl Suitably they will contain up to 20 and preferably up to 10 carbon atoms.
  • heteroatom such as oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen.
  • Examples of such groups include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzthiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl or benzofuryl.
  • heteroatom refers to non-carbon atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur atoms. Where the nitrogen atoms are present, they will generally be present as part of an amino residue so that they will be substituted for example by hydrogen or alkyl.
  • amide is generally understood to refer to a group of formula C(0)NR a R b where R a and R b are hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.
  • sulphonamide will refer to a group of formula S(0) 2 NR a R b .
  • Suitable groups R a include hydrogen or methyl, in particular hydrogen.
  • electron withdrawing group includes within its scope atomic substituents such as halo, e.g. fluro, chloro and bromo, and also molecular substituents such as nitrile, trifluoromethyl, acyl such as acetyl, nitro, or carbonyl.
  • X 1 and, where present, Y 1 preferably represents CX 2 X 3 and CY 2 Y 3 respectively, and the dotted bonds are absent.
  • R 13 and R 14 when present, are alkyl groups, most preferably Ci to C 3 alkyl groups.
  • R° when present, is a carbonyl group or phenyl substituted at the ortho and/or para positions by an electron withdrawing substituent such as nitro.
  • R and R are independently selected from fluoro, chloro or alkyl or H. In the case of alkyl, methyl is most preferred.
  • X 2 , X 3 , Y 2 and Y 3 are all hydrogen.
  • At least one, and possibly all, of X 2 , X 3 , Y 2 and Y 3 is a substituent other than hydrogen or fluorine.
  • at least one, and possible all, of X 2 , X 3 , Y 2 and Y 3 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.
  • it is preferred that at least one, and most preferably all, of X 2 , X 3 , Y 2 and Y 3 is an optionally substituted alkyl group.
  • Particularly preferred examples are Ci to C 4 alkyl groups, especially methyl or ethyl.
  • Embodiments in which X 2 , X 3 , Y 2 and/or Y 3 are alkyl groups are able to polymerise when exposed to radiation without the presence of an initiator.
  • at least one, and preferably all, of X 2 , X 3 , Y 2 and Y 3 are aryl and/or heterocyclic, such as pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or a pyridine or pyrimidine containing group.
  • X 1 and Y 1 are groups CX 2 X 3 and CY 1 Y 2 respectively and the dotted lines represent an absence of a bond.
  • the polymerisation may proceed by a cyclopolymerisation reaction.
  • a preferred group of polymeric precursors for use in the method of the invention are compounds of formula (II)
  • R 6 is one or more of a bridging group, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, a perhaloalkyl group, a siloxane group, an amide, or a partially polymerised chain containing repeat units.
  • r is 1 , 2, 3 or 4.
  • R 1 is S(0) 2 N or C(0)N.
  • the polymeric precursor may be a compound of structure (III)
  • R 15 is C(O) or S(0) 2 .
  • the polymeric precursor is a compound of structure (IV)
  • polymerisation can result in polymer networks.
  • networks are formed whose properties maybe selected depending upon the precise nature of the R 6 group, the amount of chain terminator present and the polymerisation conditions employed.
  • R 6 comprises a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl group, optionally substituted or interposed with functional groups.
  • the straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl is interposed or substituted with one or more of an amine moiety , C(O) or COOH.
  • the polymeric precursor is a monomer in which R 6 is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl interposed with an amine moiety, or a pre-polymer obtained by pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • the monomer is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally interposed with a cyclic group.
  • the monomer is a compound of formula (V)
  • R l b is H or C s H 2s +i , p is 1 to 10, 9 is 0 to 10 and s is 1 to 10.
  • the monomer is a compound of formula
  • the polymeric precursor is a monomer in which R 6 is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl substituted with a COOH end group, or a pre-polymer obtained by pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • the monomer may be a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, optionally interposed with a cyclic group.
  • the monomer is a compound of formula (VII)
  • v 1 to 20.
  • the polymeric precursor is a monomer in which R 6 is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a pre-polymer obtained by pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • the polymeric precursor is a monomer in which R 6 is a partially or per-halogenated straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a pre-polymer obtained by pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • R 6 is a partially or per-halogenated straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a pre-polymer obtained by pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • the alkyl group is per-halogenated. It is preferred that the alkyl group is fluorinated, most preferably per-fluorinated.
  • the polymeric precursor is a monomer in which R 15 is CO and R 6 terminates in one or more amine moieties forming a urea structure, or a pre-polymer obtained by pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • the polymeric precursor is a monomer of structure (VIII)
  • R 6 is a straight or branched chained hydrocarbyl group, optionally substituted or interposed with functional groups, and r is an integer of two or more, or a pre-polymer obtained by a pre-polymerisation of said monomer.
  • r is two or three.
  • a preferred class of the compound of formula (I) is represented as structure (X) where R 6 is selected from hydrogen, halo, nitro, or hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted or interposed with functional groups, only.
  • a particularly preferred compound of formula (X) is a compound of formula (XI)
  • the polymerisation of the polymeric precursor may produce a homopolymer.
  • the step of polymerising the polymeric precursor may produce a copolymer, the polymeric precursor being mixed with one or more other polymeric precursors.
  • the other polymeric precursor may be according to any of the formulae described herein.
  • the co- monomer may be of a different class of compounds.
  • the polymeric precursor may be copolymerised with a cross-linker. In these embodiments, the polymeric precursor may be reacted with a compound of formula (XII)
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 12 and X 1 are as defined in relation to formula (I), r is an integer of 2 or more, and R 6 is a bridging group of valency r or a bond. Preferably, r is 2.
  • the use of a compound of formula (XII) is particularly advantageous when the polymeric precursor does not include the group ID 3 D 5 — Y 1
  • the compound of formula (XII) may be a compound of formula (XIII)
  • the polymeric precursor is N, N- diallylhexanamide or a co-monomer mixture including N, N-diallylhexanamide, or a pre-polymer obtained by a pre-polymerisation of N, N-diallylhexanamide or a co-monomer mixture including N, N-diallylhexanamide.
  • a preferred co-monomer mixture comprises N, N-diallylhexanamide and N, N, ⁇ ', N'- tetraallylethanediamide.
  • the monomer or co-monomers may be pre-polymerised to produce a pre- polymer. Typically, a thermal initiator is used and pre-polymerisation is performed at an elevated temperature above ambient temperature.
  • the polymeric precursor is generally applied to the base structural element and then polymerised.
  • the polymeric precursor might be polymerised and then brought into contact with the base structural element to form a polymeric coating thereon.
  • a window frame structure including:
  • a window frame formed from a rigid polyvinyl chloride
  • a foil formed from a polyvinyl chloride which overlays at least a portion of the window frame;
  • an adhesive layer which adheres the foil to the window frame; in which the polymeric coating, either directly or indirectly, acts to promote adhesion of the foil to the window frame, and wherein the polymeric layer is formed by polymerising a polymeric precursor which includes a group of sub- formula (I)
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from (CR 7 R 8 ) n , or a group CR 9 R 10 , CR 7 R 8 CR 9 R 10 or CR 9 R 10 CR 7 R 8 where n is 0, 1 or 2, R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo or hydrocarbyl, and either one of R 9 or R 10 is hydrogen and the other is an electron withdrawing group, or R 9 and R 10 together form an electron withdrawing group;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from CH or CR 11 where CR 11 is an electron withdrawing group
  • X 1 is a group CX 2 X 3 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent and a group CX 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • Y 1 is a group CY 2 Y 3 where the dotted line to which it is attached is absent and a group CY 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • X 2 ,X 3 ,Y 2 and Y 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine or other substituents.
  • a method of assembling a window frame structure including the steps of:
  • a window frame formed from a rigid polyvinyl chloride
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from (CR 7 R 8 ) n , or a group CR 9 R 10 , CR 7 R 8 CR 9 R 10 or CR 9 R 10 CR 7 R 8 where n is 0, 1 or 2, R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from hydrogen, halo or hydrocarbyl, and either one of R 9 or R 0 is hydrogen and the other is an electron withdrawing group, or R 9 and R 10 together form an electron withdrawing group;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from CH or CR 1 where CR is an electron withdrawing group
  • X 1 is a group CX 2 X 3 where the dotted line bond to which it is attached is absent and a group CX 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • Y 1 is a group CY 2 Y 3 where the dotted line to which it is attached is absent and a group CY 2 where the dotted line to which it is attached is present
  • X 2 ,X 3 ,Y 2 and Y 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine or other substituents;
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a window frame profile with a foil adhered thereto;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing stages in the assembly of a structural element of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross sectional diagram of a generalised structural element of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a structural element, depicted generally at 30, for a wall or roof of a roof construction.
  • the structural element 30 comprises a base structural element 32 which is formed from a rigid polymeric material, a polymeric coating 34 on the base structural element 32, an adhesive layer 36 on the polymeric coating 34, and a covering 38 which is formed from a polymeric material and overlays at least the portion of the base structural element 32 shown in Figure 3.
  • the adhesive layer 36 adheres the covering 38 to the base structural element 32 and the polymeric coating 34 acts to promote this adhesion.
  • Figure 1 shows a uVPC profile for use as a window frame which is depicted generally at 10.
  • the profile 10 is of a kind well known in the art having an outer structure which includes a pair of spaced apart main faces 10a, 10b and a complex internal structure which includes a web arrangement 10c which defines a number of internal longitudinally extending cavities.
  • Various projections are provided inter alia to receive glazing panels.
  • Foils 12a, 12b are bonded to the main faces 10a, 10b respectively of the profile 10.
  • the surfaces of the foils 12a, 12b which are bonded to the main surfaces 10a, 10b each have a polymeric coating 14a, 14b. Disposed between the polymeric coatings 14a, 14b and the main faces 10a, 10b are adhesives layers 16a, 16b.
  • the polymeric coatings 14a, 14b are of a type described herein which act to promote adhesion between the foils 12a, 12b, and the main faces 10a, 10b.
  • the foils 12a, 12b can be of any suitable type, such as PVC foils.
  • Figure 2 shows the stages in a manufacturing process of the invention for producing structural elements such as the window frame shown in Figure 1 .
  • a base structural element is provided at stage 20, and the base structural element is provided with a polymeric coating at stage 22. Conveniently, this is done by coating the base structural element with a suitable polymeric precursor and polymerising the polymeric precursor by suitable means, such as by UV radiation.
  • a suitable adhesive such as a hot-melt adhesive is applied to the polymeric coating on the base structural element, and at 26 a covering such as a foil is applied to the adhesive.
  • a foil or like covering can be wrapped on to a base structural element such as a profile using a wrapping machine of a type which is well known to the skilled reader.
  • the base structural element at stage 20 is supplied from a manufacturer, and the steps shown in Figure 2 can all be performed at a single site, which is preferably a central factory location.
  • the assembled structural element, including the covering can then be supplied to a construction site for incorporation into a roofed construction as required.
  • Example 1 Adhesion promotion of a cleaned uPVC profile to a
  • poly(urethane) hot-melt adhesive using an adhesion promotion layer consisting of a polymer made with N'N- diallylhexanamide and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',-tetrallylethanediamide
  • a mixture of the monomers N'N-diallylhexanamide and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',- tetraallylethanediamide was made in the ratio of 3:1 by weight, respectively.
  • the photoinitiator Lucirin TPO-L (BASF) was added as 5% by total weight.
  • a thin, uniform layer of this formulation of coating weight was then coated onto a uPVC profile at a coating weight of approximately 4 g/m 2 that had been pre-cleaned by wiping with iso-propyl alcohol.
  • the adhesion promotion layer was then cured using a focused 200W/cm UV lamp with an iron doped mercury bulb.
  • a PVC foil was then bonded to the adhesion promoted uPVC profile using the poly(urethane) hotmelt 'PURMELT® QR 5500' (Henkel AG & Co. KGaA) adhesive, which was applied at a coating weight of approximately 50 g/m 2 at a temperature of 140°C.
  • Diallylamine (99%, 37g, 381 mmoles), triethylamine (99%, 40g, 396mmoles) and dichloromethane (99+%, 50ml) were mixed and added dropwise to a cooled (0°C ) mixture of hexanoyl chloride (99%+, 50g, 371 mmoles) in dichloromethane (99+%, 200ml) .
  • Temperature was maintained between 0-10 °C with continuous stirring for several hours to allow all of the diallylamine mixture to be added. The reaction mixture was then left to come to room temperature.
  • the target molecule is shown below Fresh, dry oxaloyl chloride (CIOOCCOOCI) (1 10 mmoles) was placed into a 3-necked round bottomed (RB) flask with 200 ml of dry dichloromethane. Freshly distilled diallylamine (220mmoles) was added to triethyiamine (220mmoles), further diluted (1 :1 v/v) in dry dichloromethane then added into a dropping funnel and placed onto the reaction flask. Nitrogen gas was pumped through the vessel through the other two necks. To neutralise HCI produced, the waste gas was bubbled through a CaC0 3 solution.
  • CIOOCCOOCI dry oxaloyl chloride
  • the reaction vessel was then placed into a salt water/ice bath and once the contents were cooled the diallylamine/triethylamine/ dichloromethane was added dropwise to the oxaloyl chloride solution with continual magnetic stirring of the mixture. The temperature was monitored and maintained between 5-10°C. The dropping of the diallylamine and triethyiamine was stopped after three hours and the reaction was left to stir for another hour.
  • the product was added to dichloromethane (1 :1 v/v) and passed through a silica gel (Merck, grade 60 for chromatography) column with dichloromethane as the eluent. Some yellow coloration was left in the column which yielded, after removal of the eluent, a very pale yellow oil.
  • the product ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',- tetraallylethanediamide was produced in ⁇ 70% yield.
  • Example 2 Adhesion promotion of a uPVC profile to a poly(urethane) hot- melt adhesive using an adhesion promotion layer consisting of a polymer made with N'N-diallylhexanamide and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',- tetraallylethanediamide
  • a mixture of the monomers N'N-diallylhexanamide and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',- tetraallylethanediamide was made in the ratio of 3:1 by weight, respectively.
  • the photoinitiator Irgacure 127 (Ciba SC) was added at 5% by total weight and dissolved thoroughly.
  • a thin, uniform layer of this formulation of approximately 4 g/m 2 coating weight was then coated onto a uPVC profile without any pre-cleaning of the profile.
  • the adhesion promotion layer was then cured using a focused 200W/cm UV lamp with an iron doped mercury bulb.
  • a PVC foil was then bonded to the adhesion promoted uPVC profile using a poly(urethane) hotmelt 'PURMELT ® QR 5500' (Henkel AG & Co. KGaA) adhesive, which was applied at a coating weight of approximately 50 g/m 2 at a temperature of 140°C.
  • Example 3 Adhesion promotion of an pre-cleaned uPVC profile to a
  • poly(urethane) hot-melt adhesive using a partially polymerised adhesion promotion layer consisting of a polymer made with N'N-diallylhexanamide and ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',- tetraallylethanediamide
  • a mixture of N'N-diallylhexanamide (13.95g), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',- tetraallylethanediamide (4.65g) and the thermal initiator Vazo 67 (DuPont) (0.40g) was made and then heated at 80°C for 8 hours with continuous stirring to partially polymerise the formulation prior to use.
  • a thin, uniform layer of this formulation of approximately 3 g/m 2 coating weight was then coated onto a uPVC profile that had been pre-cleaned by wiping with iso-propyl alcohol.
  • the adhesion promotion layer was then cured using a focused 200W/cm UV lamp with an iron doped mercury bulb.
  • a PVC foil was then bonded to the adhesion promoted uPVC profile using a poly(urethane) hotmelt Adhesive 'PURMELT ® QR 5500' (Henkel AG & Co. KGaA), which was applied at a coating weight of approximately 50 g/m 2 at a temperature of 140°C.
  • a thin film of this formulation was applied onto a poly(propylene) plaque and cured using a focused 160W/cm UV source fitted with an undoped mercury bulb. This process was repeated to provide a double layer of the polymer on the poly(propylene).
  • Diallylamine (99%, 10.69g), triethylamine (99%, 1 1 .1 g) and dichloromethane (99+%, 50ml) were mixed and added dropwise to a cooled (0°C ) mixture of 1 -octane sulfonyl chloride (99%+, 21 .3g) in dichloromethane (99+%, 200ml) .
  • Temperature was maintained between 0-10 °C with continuous stirring for several hours to allow all of the diallylamine mixture to be added. The reaction mixture was then left to come to room temperature.
  • reaction mixture was then washed in dilute HCI (3M, 500ml) and the organic layer separated. Washing of the organic layer was repeated in water or weak brine, followed by drying of the organic layer with anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Dichloromethane and other volatiles were then removed under vacuum to produce a pale yellow liquid, which was then purified further by column chromatography using silica gel (60A ) and dichloromethane as eluent to yield a pale yellow oil.
  • a flat piece of uPVC was coated with a mixture that consisted of the monomers ⁇ , ⁇ -diallylhexanamide ( 72.75wt%), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',-tetrallylethanediamide ( 24.25wt%) and the thermal initiator Vazo 67 (DuPont) (3.00wt% ) using a roller technique to achieve a wet film thickness of approximately 3 mm.
  • a thin decorative PVC film was then applied onto top the coated uPVC, after which the whole assembly was placed into a heat sealer to apply an elevated temperature and pressure: the top-plate of the heat sealer in contact with the PVC foil was heated to 1 10°C with the plate in contact with the base of the uPVC assembly left unheated with pressure maintained between 62-82 psi for 2 minutes.
  • a flat piece of uPVC was coated with a mixture that consisted of the monomers N,N diallylhexanamide (71.25wt%), ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ',-tetrallylethanediamide (23.75wt%) and the photoinitiator Lucirin TPO-L (BASF) (5.00wt%) using a roller technique to achieve a wet film thickness of approximately 3mm. This was then cured by passing twice under a focused 200W/cm UV lamp with an iron doped mercury bulb at a belt speed of 8 metres/minute.
  • a thin decorative PVC film was then applied onto top the coated uPVC, after which the whole assembly was placed into a heat sealer to apply an elevated temperature and pressure : the top-plate of the heat sealer in contact with the PVC foil and the plate in contact with the base of the uPVC assembly were both heated to 1 10°C with pressure maintained between 62-82 psi for 6 minutes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de structure pour une paroi ou un toit d'une construction couverte incluant : un élément de structure de base formé à partir d'un matériau polymère rigide ; un revêtement polymère sur l'élément de structure de base ; un recouvrement formé d'un matériau polymère et recouvrant au moins une partie de l'élément de structure de base ; et facultativement, une couche adhésive qui adhère au recouvrement à l'élément de structure de base ; dans lequel le revêtement polymère, soit directement soit indirectement, agit pour favoriser l'adhérence du recouvrement à l'élément de structure de base, et est formé en polymérisant un précurseur polymère qui inclut un groupe de sous-formule (I) où R1 est i) CRa, où Ra est hydrogène ou alkyle, ii) un groupe S(O)pR13, ou SiR14 où R13a et R14 sont indépendamment sélectionnés parmi hydrogène ou hydrocarbyle, p est 0, 1 ou 2 et q est 1 ou 2, iii) C(O)N, S(O)2N, C(O)ON, CH2ON, ou CH=CHRCN où Rc est un groupe attracteur d'électrons, ou iv) OC(O)CH, C(O)OCH ou S(O)2CH; dans lequel R12 est sélectionné parmi hydrogène, halogène, nitro, hydrocarbyle, facultativement substitué ou interposé avec des groupes fonctionnels, ou — R3— R5 —Y1 ; R2 et R3 sont indépendamment sélectionnés parmi (CR7R8)n, ou un groupe CR9R10, CR7R8CR9R10 ou CR9R10CR7R8 où n est 0, 1 ou 2, R7 et R8 sont indépendamment sélectionnés parmi hydrogène, halogène ou hydrocarbyle, et l'un des R9 ou R10 est hydrogène et l'autre est un groupe attracteur d'électrons, ou R9 et R10 forment conjointement un groupe attracteur d'électrons ; R4 et R5 sont indépendamment sélectionnés parmi CH ou CR11 où CR11 est un groupe attracteur d'électrons, les lignes en pointillé indiquent la présence ou l'absence d'une liaison, X1 est un groupe CX2X3 où la liaison de la ligne en pointillé à laquelle il est attaché est absente et un groupe CX2 où la ligne en pointillé à laquelle il est attaché est présente, Y1 est un groupe CY2Y3 où la ligne en pointillé à laquelle il est attaché est absent et un groupe CY2 où la ligne en pointillé à laquelle il est attaché est présent, et X2, X3, Y2 et Y3 sont indépendamment sélectionnés parmi hydrogène, fluor ou d'autres substituants.
PCT/GB2012/050705 2011-03-31 2012-03-29 Cadres de fenêtre, éléments de structure pour une construction couverte et leurs procédés d'assemblage WO2012131375A2 (fr)

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GB201105453A GB201105453D0 (en) 2011-03-31 2011-03-31 Window frames, structural elements for a roofed construction and methods of assembling same
GB1105453.3 2011-03-31

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11655667B2 (en) * 2018-08-09 2023-05-23 Basf Se Adhesive joining and reinforcement of glass packets in sash profiles

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GB1012954A (en) 1961-09-22 1965-12-15 Burroughs Corp Improvements in or relating to multiple-track magnetic transducers
GB1016664A (en) 1963-08-17 1966-01-12 Bayer Ag Anthraquinone dyestuffs
WO2000006533A2 (fr) 1998-07-25 2000-02-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence Monomeres, et polymeres reticules obtenus a partir desdits monomeres
WO2000006658A2 (fr) 1998-07-25 2000-02-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence Colles et produits d'etancheite
WO2000006610A2 (fr) 1998-07-25 2000-02-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence Fabrication de polymeres
WO2001036510A2 (fr) 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Qinetiq Limited Utilisation de polymeres de poli(diallylamine)
WO2001040874A1 (fr) 1999-12-04 2001-06-07 Qinetiq Limited Utilisation d'une composition en stéréolithographie
WO2001074919A1 (fr) 2000-04-01 2001-10-11 Qinetiq Limited Polymeres
WO2007012860A1 (fr) 2005-07-27 2007-02-01 Novel Polymer Solutions Ltd Procédés de formation d’une barrière
WO2008001102A1 (fr) 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Novel Polymer Solutions Limited Matières polymériques et procédés servant à fabriquer celles-ci
WO2009063211A1 (fr) 2007-11-17 2009-05-22 Novel Polymer Solutions Limited Procédés d'encapsulation d'une substance

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012017233A1 (fr) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-09 Novel Polymer Solutions Limited Procédés de revêtement de substrat à faible énergie de surface

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1012954A (en) 1961-09-22 1965-12-15 Burroughs Corp Improvements in or relating to multiple-track magnetic transducers
GB1016664A (en) 1963-08-17 1966-01-12 Bayer Ag Anthraquinone dyestuffs
WO2000006533A2 (fr) 1998-07-25 2000-02-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence Monomeres, et polymeres reticules obtenus a partir desdits monomeres
WO2000006658A2 (fr) 1998-07-25 2000-02-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence Colles et produits d'etancheite
WO2000006610A2 (fr) 1998-07-25 2000-02-10 The Secretary Of State For Defence Fabrication de polymeres
WO2001036510A2 (fr) 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Qinetiq Limited Utilisation de polymeres de poli(diallylamine)
WO2001040874A1 (fr) 1999-12-04 2001-06-07 Qinetiq Limited Utilisation d'une composition en stéréolithographie
WO2001074919A1 (fr) 2000-04-01 2001-10-11 Qinetiq Limited Polymeres
WO2007012860A1 (fr) 2005-07-27 2007-02-01 Novel Polymer Solutions Ltd Procédés de formation d’une barrière
WO2008001102A1 (fr) 2006-06-30 2008-01-03 Novel Polymer Solutions Limited Matières polymériques et procédés servant à fabriquer celles-ci
WO2009063211A1 (fr) 2007-11-17 2009-05-22 Novel Polymer Solutions Limited Procédés d'encapsulation d'une substance

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11655667B2 (en) * 2018-08-09 2023-05-23 Basf Se Adhesive joining and reinforcement of glass packets in sash profiles

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WO2012131375A3 (fr) 2013-01-17

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