WO2012130056A1 - 基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置 - Google Patents

基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012130056A1
WO2012130056A1 PCT/CN2012/072487 CN2012072487W WO2012130056A1 WO 2012130056 A1 WO2012130056 A1 WO 2012130056A1 CN 2012072487 W CN2012072487 W CN 2012072487W WO 2012130056 A1 WO2012130056 A1 WO 2012130056A1
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Prior art keywords
umbrella
inflatable
bracket
cable
wind
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PCT/CN2012/072487
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曾攀
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/069—Kite-sails for vessels
    • B63H9/071—Kite-sails for vessels for use in combination with other propulsion means, e.g. for improved fuel economy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
    • B63H9/0615—Inflatable aerofoil sails
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y02T70/5218—Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels
    • Y02T70/5236—Renewable or hybrid-electric solutions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy umbrella device using marine wind energy as a ship navigation power, and belongs to the technical field of ship power and wind energy utilization.
  • Wind energy is a renewable or sustainable energy source.
  • wind energy at sea has strong regularity. Of course, it has a certain randomness in wind power and wind direction. Therefore, wind energy can be used as an existing ship.
  • An important addition to power can save a lot of fuel.
  • sailboats whose structure is to install fixed masts and sails on the hull, and to control the direction in which the canvas is unfolded according to the direction of the wind and the heading.
  • the "New Aide Maru" freighter launched in 1980 the ship has a high mast on the deck, the bracket on the raft supports the sail, uses a computer to analyze the wind and weather, and calculates the sail and the engine.
  • Offshore wind energy is a renewable primary energy source. If it can be directly used as power, it does not need energy conversion (such as power generation requires multiple conversions), which in itself can improve the efficiency of wind energy utilization, if it can utilize higher-position wind energy. , it can further improve the utilization rate. Therefore, the use of offshore wind energy as a supplement to existing power ships will be an important development direction. The key is to design and manufacture a wind power drive device that is safe, reliable, easy to use and low in cost. .
  • Patent Document "Retractable Inflatable Wind Energy Umbrella Device for Ship Navigation” (201010131058.1) (Publication No. 101786498A), the umbrella discharge device is provided as a separate bracket, which can only serve as a suspension, and Separated from the parachute, the non-stressed suspension lanyard is connected.
  • the parasol When the parasol is applied, the paraglider is inflated and only applied by the wind blow, due to the application between the parachute and the bracket. There is no tight cable connection, especially without reverse cable.
  • the sail is affected by the wind, and its position will become very unstable; when recycling, only It is carried out by the pumping of the umbrella and then suspended on the bracket of the collecting device.
  • the bracket of the collecting device plays a small role in the stability of the sail, in the umbrella
  • the bracket of the collecting device plays a small role in the stability of the sail, in the umbrella
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy parachute device, which can be deployed by the extension of the center bracket and the inflation of the umbrella, and has an umbrella position stable and an umbrella.
  • the sail has the characteristics of fixed shape, high utilization rate of wind energy and reliable discharge operation, so it can be used as a wind power device for ship navigation or as a wind power supplement device for navigation of existing fuel-powered ships.
  • a bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy parachute device comprising an inflatable first umbrella, an inflatable series second umbrella, an umbrella first main cable, an umbrella second main cable, and a main A front cable, an inflatable umbrella surface, an inflatable expansion umbrella ring, an inflatable air suction device, an umbrella inflatable hose, and a main cable receiving and receiving device, wherein the device further comprises a stretcher
  • the inflatable sailer surface of the first type of inflatable first umbrella and the inflatable type second umbrella are arranged with an umbrella airflow hole, said extending One end of the retractable center bracket is hinged to the support platform, and the other end passes through the first umbrella center airflow hole and the second umbrella center airflow hole; the two ends of the adjustable elevation bracket are respectively hinged and supported by the platform and extended
  • the retractable center bracket is connected.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is further characterized in that: on the opposite side of the inflatable umbrella surface of the inflatable first umbrella and the inflatable series second umbrella, the opposite side of the umbrella is provided; and the extended retractable center bracket is further provided.
  • There is a reverse cable retractor one end of the first parasol reverse cable is connected to the first parachute reverse cable retractor, the other end is connected to the opposite side of the inflatable first parasol; the second parachute opposite One end of the cable is connected to the cable hanger on the opposite side of the second umbrella, and the other end is connected on the reverse side of the second type sail of the inflatable type.
  • the bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy umbrella device of the present invention further comprises a bracket controller for controlling the rotation angle of the support platform and the elevation angle of the umbrella, the bracket controller is located on the support platform, and is controlled by hydraulic lines and The line is connected to a bracket that adjusts the elevation angle.
  • the present invention is provided with at least two inflatable hose limit rings on the extended retractable center bracket, and the umbrella inflatable hose is attached to the extended retractable through the inflation hose limit ring. On the center bracket.
  • the inflatable first umbrella and Inflatable tandem second sails are provided with inflatable wings.
  • the invention has the following features and outstanding effects: 1 using a center bracket with a retracting function, when being deployed, the extension of the center bracket, combined with the inflation of the umbrella, will directly drive the two
  • the application of the class sails makes the casting more direct and reliable, both for the purpose of applying the umbrella and for the purpose of hanging the sails.
  • 2 The wind will act on the sail.
  • the umbrella will exert the tension on the hull through the two main cables of the umbrella. The position of the pulling force on the hull is lower, and the overturning moment generated is very small. stable.
  • the inflatable sail has a relatively fixed shape and a large rigidity, and the stability of the umbrella is better when subjected to wind. 4
  • Inflatable umbrellas have two-way cables.
  • the umbrella Due to the use of the opposite side of the umbrella and the reverse cable retractor, the umbrella is also very stable when there is lateral wind or even reverse wind. Sex.
  • the extension of the center bracket and the inflation of the umbrella will directly drive the application of the two-stage umbrella, making the application more direct and reliable.
  • 6 In the recovery, it is also retracted by the center bracket, combined with the pumping of the umbrella, the sail will be retracted directly through the reverse cable retractor, and the umbrella will be tightened, and the operation process is simple and reliable.
  • 7 For lateral wind, two sets of the device of the invention can be installed on the hull and the angles of the sails cast by the two devices are formed to obtain a corrective moment of the navigation angle.
  • the application device of the 8 umbrellas occupies less space on the hull and has little effect on the spatial arrangement of the hull.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing the implementation of a bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy umbrella device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the telescopic center bracket.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the two-way cable of the first umbrella.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the two-seater two-way cable.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of the devices.
  • the device comprises an inflatable first umbrella 1, an inflatable series second umbrella 2, an extended retractable center bracket 14, an umbrella first main cable 3, an umbrella second main cable 4, a front surface Cable 5, inflatable umbrella surface 12, inflatable expansion umbrella ring 13, inflatable air suction device 16, umbrella inflatable hose 19, first main cable release and force device 17, second main cable release and The force receiving device 18, the bracket 15 for adjusting the elevation angle, and the support platform 21; the outer edge of the umbrella is an inflatable expansion umbrella ring 13 having a cavity, and the inflatable umbrella surface 12 of the inflatable first umbrella 1 is arranged with a first umbrella
  • the sail center air flow hole 10 and the two main cable air flow holes 9, the inflatable type series second umbrella 2 is also arranged with the second umbrella center air flow hole 11 and the two main cable air flow holes; the extended retractable center
  • the bracket 14 is provided with at least two inflatable hose limiting rings 20 (three in this embodiment), and the umbrella inflatable hose 19 is attached to the extended retractable center bracket 14 through the
  • a first parachute back cable retractor 24 and a second parachute back cable retractor 25 are provided, and the extended retractable center bracket passes through the first umbrella center The airflow hole 10 and the second umbrella center airflow hole 11; the first main cable 3 of the umbrella and the bottom end of the second main cable 4 of the umbrella are respectively connected to the first main cable receiving and receiving device 17 and the second main The cable receiving and receiving device 18; the first main cable 3 of the umbrella and the second main cable 4 of the umbrella respectively pass through two main cable air holes of the first inflatable sail 1 of the inflatable type, two main The cable air hole is also used as the main cable of the second umbrella in series; the one end of the umbrella air hose 19 is connected to the air suction device 16 , and the other end is respectively connected with the inflatable first umbrella 1 and the inflatable type second umbrella 2
  • the inflatable umbrella surface 12 is in communication with the inflatable expansion umbrella ring 13; the bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy umbrella device further includes a bracket 15 for adjusting the elevation angle and a rotatable support platform 21
  • the bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy umbrella device of the present invention further comprises a bracket controller 35 for controlling the rotation angle of the support platform and the elevation angle of the umbrella, the bracket controller is located on the support platform 21, and passes through the hydraulic pipeline The control line is connected to the bracket 15 for adjusting the elevation angle.
  • the support platform rotation angle 22 and the umbrella's elevation angle 23 can be controlled by hydraulic control or other means as required.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of an extended retractable center bracket, one end of which is hinged to the support platform 21, and the other end passes through the first umbrella center airflow hole 10 and the second umbrella center airflow hole 11, and has multiple stages.
  • the extended structure is extended and retracted by a hydraulic system, and the first parachute back cable retractor 24 and the second navel reverse cable retractor are arranged on the extended retractable center bracket. 25
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a two-way cable of a first umbrella
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a two-way cable of a second umbrella, the front cable of the first umbrella fixed to the first main cable 3 and the second main cable 4.
  • 5 is connected to the inflatable expansion umbrella ring 13 of the inflatable first umbrella 1; one end of the inflatable first umbrella reverse cable 7 is connected to the first umbrella reverse cable receiver 24, and the other end is connected On the opposite side of the inflatable first parachute; likewise, one end of the second parachute back cable 8 is connected to the second parachute reverse cable retractor 25, and the other end is connected to the opposite side of the inflatable series tandem second sail on.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of the apparatus.
  • the bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy parachute device may be disposed at a middle portion and a rear portion of the ship, and respectively constitutes a retracting device 30 located at a middle portion of the hull and a retracting device 31 at a rear portion of the hull.
  • the retracting device should be rotated such that the two devices form an angle and maintain the heading of the ship under the combined action of the rudder 29.
  • the bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy umbrella device provided by the present invention further comprises a single-stage umbrella separately disposed on the extended retractable bracket.
  • the rack-based retractable inflatable wind energy parachute apparatus provided by the present invention also allows for placement at one or more locations of the vessel.
  • the parameters such as the angle between the two retractable devices and the elevation angle 23 of the extended retractable center bracket should be roughly determined according to the wind and the wind direction.
  • the application of the umbrella is composed of the following steps: rotating the umbrella retracting device, adjusting the elevation bracket 15 so that the device meets the angle 32 of the retracting device and the elevation angle 23 of the extended retractable center bracket; the elongated retracting center a bracket 14; a first parachute back cable retractor 24 attached to the extended retractable center bracket 14 and a second parasol reverse cable retractor 25 respectively pull and shorten the first parachute back cable 7 And the second umbrella opposite the cable 8; the first main cable receiving and receiving device 17 and the second main cable receiving and receiving device 18 respectively apply the first main cable 3 and the second sail Main cable 4; air is filled into the inflatable umbrella surface 12 and the inflatable expansion umbrella ring 13 by the inflation and air suction device 16 through the umbrella inflatable hose 19, so that there is a certain pressure, and the pulling of the cable on the opposite side of the umbrella, Under the joint
  • the two-way cable consisting of the frontal cable of the umbrella and the reverse cable of the umbrella, in addition to providing power to the ship, also has the following functions: controlling the height of the sail, the application of the front cable and the recovery of the back cable.
  • Raising the parachute, the retraction of the frontal cable and the application of the reverse cable can lower the parachute; the frontal cable of the parachute controls the aerial attitude of the parachute, and the force receiving device 17 and the second main pull are released through the first main cable
  • the receiving and receiving device 18 adjusts the length of the corresponding cable to change the air attitude of the umbrella; the opposite side of the umbrella controls the aerial attitude of the umbrella, and the opposite side of the umbrella can control the opposite side of the umbrella.
  • the length and the length of the adjusting part of the cable can adjust the air attitude of the parachute; when there is no wind or the wind is small, the parasol after the gas is removed can be hung on the center bracket 14 by the front cable 5 and the reverse cable 7, and the center bracket is retracted. Easy to use again.
  • the attitude of the sail should be adjusted according to the wind direction and the wind to have a suitable angle with respect to the wind direction, and then combined with the rotation angle 22 of the device to comprehensively and reasonably use the lateral wind to drive.
  • the adjustment of the single umbrella discharge device combined with the retracting devices respectively located at the middle and the rear of the hull, provides a steering torque of opposite directions through the angle between the plurality of umbrellas and the wind direction, thereby partially or completely offsetting the single umbrella
  • the heading deflection problem caused by the receiving device; the above control mechanism is combined with the control of the rudder 21 to achieve correction of the heading 34.
  • the reverse process of applying the umbrella can be used to gradually and orderly recover the umbrella.
  • the integrated control of the two-way cable can make the umbrellas fold in an orderly manner, and the volume of the umbrella can be reduced by the extraction of the gas, and the finally recovered umbrella is convenient for storage.
  • the bracket-based retractable inflatable wind energy parachute device has the functions of bearing capacity, telescopic, elevation angle adjustment, rotation angle with wind direction, shape control of the sail surface, and attitude control of the sail surface.
  • the control and adjustment described can be achieved by automatic control and retain the function of manual control to enhance the reliability of the device.

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Description

基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置
本发明涉及一种利用海洋风能作为船舶航行动力的基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，属于船舶动力及风能利用技术领域。
当今的大部分能源来源是化石燃料：煤、石油以及天然气，以现在的使用速度，已知的剩余煤矿矿藏将在约200年后被用完，而石油和天然气将在不到100年内使用殆尽。化石燃料在使用时会造成大量的环境污染，其中包括导致全球变暖的温室气体。
当太阳能辐射到地球表面上时，由于受热不均，将引起大气的流动，加上季节的不同以及地球的自转，在海洋上将形成有规律的季风，这些风为船舶的航行提供了无尽的能源及动力。早在5000多年前，就出现了大型的帆船，开始穿越于地中海之间；为适应各种类型的自然风，帆船的帆、桅杆以及船体逐渐向着精细化、专业化方向发展。在“大航海时代”的15世纪到19世纪中期，快速帆船、纵帆船、战舰以及各种各样的多帆帆船遍及了全球的海洋，人们充分利用帆船及风能探索海洋、发现新大陆，为推动人类的文明发展做出了重要的贡献。
风能是可再生或可持续的能源，在各种风能资源中，海上的风能具有较强的规律性，当然在风力大小以及风向上也具有一定的随机性，因此，可以将风能作为现有船舶动力的一个重要补充，可以节约大量的燃油。在现代船舶中，也出现了带动力的帆船，其结构都是在船体上安装固定桅杆及布帆，并根据风向及航向来控制帆布展开的方向。如1980年下水的“新爱德丸号”货轮，该船在甲板上树立着高高的桅杆，桅上的支架撑起布帆，采用计算机分析风力和天气的情况，并计算出帆和发动机的最佳使用方案，当风力较大以及风向合适时，就可以完全依靠风能来拉动船舶进行航行，当风力及方向不适时，可以综合利用船舶上的内燃机动力以及风力来进行航行，即使将风力仅作为燃油发动机的“额外”补充，就能够节省至少20%的燃料。
目前，国际上的货物流通主要通过海上运输来完成的，每年由于海上运输所消耗的燃油能源占到相当大的比重，如何充分利用海上的风能来驱动船舶、或作为现有燃油船舶的动力补充，是目前所应当考虑的问题。
对于固定桅杆的帆船，一般都有较高的桅杆，当风力较大时，会产生较大的倾翻力矩，固定的桅杆及布帆将在船舶甲板上占据较大的空间。对于风速来说，随着高度的变化将有明显的不同，该现象称为风切变；一般情况下，因风切变现象产生的风速为高度的指数函数关系；因此，较高位置的风速大，具有较高的风能利用率。因此，具有固定桅杆的帆船因施放布帆的空间较低，造成受风效率较低；若增加固定桅杆的高度以及布帆的面积，也将带来一系列的安全隐患，并且，在船舶进出港口时会由于较高的桅杆也会带来较多的问题。
海上风能为可再生的一次能源，若能够直接利用作为动力，无需能量的转换(如发电就需要进行多次的转换)，这本身就可以提高风能利用的效率，若能够利用较高位置的风能，则还能进一步提高利用率，因此，将海上的风能作为现有动力船舶的补充将是一个重要发展的方向，关键是需要设计并制造出安全可靠、使用方便、成本较低的风能驱动装置。
近年来，出现了一些利用风能的发明设想，如“伞状风帆船”(200810036632.8)（公开号CN101565100），它包括风帆、钛合金圆环、液氢罐等复杂装置，但没有放收装置，其稳定性、伞状风帆的可实施性存在较大问题。专利文献“在具有风力驱动装置的船舶中用于飞出的筝帆式迎风部件的张开系统”(200580020233.7)（公开号CN1968850）提出采用垂直固定装置进行施放，施放平台不能同时进行仰角及自旋转的调整，筝帆回收仅通过主拉索的回收来完成，在遇到风力较小或无风的情况下，若拉索回收不及时，施放后的伞帆将会掉入水中，况且，风力具有一定随机性，也不能频繁地采用主拉索的回收来进行操作。专利文献“一种利用浮动式风帆产生推动力的船用装置”（200810034057.8）（公开号CN101519114）也提出一个了一个浮动式风帆的设想，对于施放和回收方式、空中漂浮结构、漂浮稳定性等，均未提出具有可实施的方案。
专利文献“用于船舶航行的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置”（201010131058.1）（公开号101786498A），给出的伞帆放收装置为单独的支架，仅能起到悬挂的作用，且与伞帆之间为分离状态，靠非受力放收悬挂拉索进行连接，在施放伞帆时，伞帆充气后仅通过风力的吹动来进行施放，由于施放后伞帆与支架之间没有紧密的拉索连接，特别是没有反向拉索，在有侧向风时、甚至有反向风时，伞帆受风的影响，其位置将变得非常不稳定；在回收时，仅靠伞帆的抽气来进行，然后悬挂在放收装置的支架上，同样，也受到风吹的严重影响，也就是放收装置的支架对伞帆稳定性所起的作用很小，在伞帆施放与收回的可操作性、稳定性方面具有明显的不足。
本发明的目的旨在提供一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，可以通过中心支架的伸出以及对伞帆的充气，使得伞帆得以施放，具有伞帆位置稳定、伞帆形状固定、风能利用率高、放收操作可靠等特点，因而既可以作为船舶航行的风力装置，也可以作为现有燃油动力船舶航行时的一个风力补充动力装置。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，含有充气型第一伞帆、充气型串联第二伞帆、伞帆第一主拉索、伞帆第二主拉索、与主拉索相连的正面拉索、充气伞面、充气扩撑伞环、充气抽气装置、伞帆充气软管、以及主拉索放收及受力装置，其特征在于：所述装置还含有伸出式可收放中心支架、调整仰角的支架和支撑平台；在充气型第一伞帆和充气型串联第二伞帆的充气伞面上均布置有伞帆中心气流孔，所述的伸出式可收放中心支架的一端与支撑平台铰接，另一端穿过第一伞帆中心气流孔及第二伞帆中心气流孔；所述的调整仰角的支架两端分别通过铰接与支撑平台和伸出式可收放中心支架相连。
本发明的技术方案还在于：在充气型第一伞帆和充气型串联第二伞帆的充气伞面的反面均设有伞帆反面拉索；在伸出式可收放中心支架上还设有反面拉索收放器，第一伞帆反面拉索的一端连接在第一伞帆反面拉索收放器上，另一端连接在充气型第一伞帆的反面上；第二伞帆反面拉索的一端连接在第二伞帆反面拉索收放器上，另一端连接在充气型串联第二伞帆的反面上。
本发明所述基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置还包括对支撑平台旋转角度以及伞帆的仰角进行控制的支架控制器，该支架控制器位于支撑平台上，通过液压管线和控制线路与调整仰角的支架相连。
本发明在所述的伸出式可收放中心支架上设有至少两个充气软管限位环，所述的伞帆充气软管通过充气软管限位环附着在伸出式可收放中心支架上。同时，所述的充气型第一伞帆和 充气型串联第二伞帆上均设有充气翼。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下特点及突出性效果：①采用具有收放功能的中心支架，在施放时，由中心支架的伸出，并结合对伞帆的充气，将直接带动两级伞帆的施放，使得施放更直接、更可靠，既有施放伞帆的作用，还有悬挂伞帆的作用。②风力将作用在伞帆上，伞帆将拉力通过伞帆的两个主拉索作用在船体上，拉力对船体的作用点位置较低，所产生的倾覆力矩非常小，牵引船舶的航行较为稳定。③充气后的伞帆具有较固定的形状和较大的刚度，伞帆受风时的稳定性较好。④充气型伞帆具有双向拉索，由于使用了伞帆的反面拉索以及反面拉索收放器，使得在有侧向风时、甚至有反向风时，伞帆也具有很好的稳定性。⑤伞帆在施放时，由中心支架的伸出，并结合对伞帆的充气，将直接带动两级伞帆的施放，使得施放更直接、更可靠。⑥在回收时，也是由中心支架的缩回，并结合对伞帆的抽气，将直接通过反面拉索收放器将伞帆收回，并使得伞帆成为紧缩状态，操作过程简单可靠。⑦对于侧向风，可以在船体上安装两套本发明的装置，并使得两个装置所施放的伞帆形成一个夹角，以得到一个航行角度的矫正力矩。⑧伞帆的施放装置在船体上所占用的空间较少，对船体的空间布置影响不大。
图1为本发明提供的基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置实施的结构示意图。
图2为可伸缩中心支架示意图。
图3为第一伞帆双向拉索结构示意图。
图4为第二伞帆双向拉索结构示意图。
图5装置布置的示意图。
图中：1-充气型第一伞帆；2-充气型串联第二伞帆；3-伞帆第一主拉索；4-伞帆第二主拉索；5-第一伞帆正面拉索；6-第二伞帆正面拉索；7-第一伞帆反面拉索；8-第二伞帆反面拉索；9-主拉索气流孔；10-第一伞帆中心气流孔；11-第二伞帆中心气流孔；12-充气伞面；13-充气扩撑伞环；14-伸出式可收放中心支架；15-调整仰角的支架；16-充气、抽气装置；17-第一主拉索放收及受力装置；18-第二主拉索放收及受力装置；19-伞帆充气软管；20-充气软管限位环；21-放收装置支撑平台；22-支撑平台旋转角度；23-中心支架仰角；24-第一伞帆反面拉索收放器；25-第二伞帆反面拉索收放器；26-充气翼；27-船体；28-动力螺旋桨；29-方向舵；30-位于船体中部的放收装置；31-位于船体后部的放收装置；32-两个放收装置支撑平台放置的夹角；33-风向；34-航向；35-支架控制器。
下面结合附图对本发明的原理、结构及具体实施方式作进一步的说明：
图1是本发明提供的基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置实施例的结构示意图。所述装置包括充气型第一伞帆1、充气型串联第二伞帆2、伸出式可收放中心支架14、伞帆第一主拉索3、伞帆第二主拉索4、正面拉索5、充气伞面12、充气扩撑伞环13、充气抽气装置16、伞帆充气软管19、第一主拉索放收及受力装置17，第二主拉索放收及受力装置18、调整仰角的支架15以及支撑平台21等；伞帆的外缘是有空腔的充气扩撑伞环13，充气型第一伞帆1的充气伞面12布置有第一伞帆中心气流孔10和两个主拉索气流孔9，充气型串联第二伞帆2同样布置有第二伞帆中心气流孔11和两个主拉索气流孔；伸出式可收放中心支架14上设有至少2个充气软管限位环20（本实施例设置了3个），伞帆充气软管19通过充气软管限位环附着在伸出式可收放中心支架14上。
在伸出式可收放中心支架设有第一伞帆反面拉索收放器24和第二伞帆反面拉索收放器25，伸出式可收放中心支架穿过第一伞帆中心气流孔10和第二伞帆中心气流孔11；伞帆第一主拉索3和伞帆第二主拉索4底端分别连接第一主拉索收放及受力装置17和第二主拉索收放及受力装置18；伞帆第一主拉索3和伞帆第二主拉索4分别穿过位于充气型第一伞帆1的两个主拉索气流孔，两个主拉索气流孔也作为串联第二伞帆的主拉索；伞帆充气软管19一端连接充气抽气装置16，另一端分别与充气型第一伞帆1和充气型串联第二伞帆2的充气伞面12和充气扩撑伞环13连通；基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置还包括调整仰角的支架15和可以旋转的支撑平台21。所述的调整仰角的支架15两端分别通过铰接与支撑平台21和伸出式可收放中心支架14相连。
本发明所述基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置还包括对支撑平台旋转角度以及伞帆的仰角进行控制的支架控制器35，该支架控制器位于支撑平台21上，通过液压管线和控制线路与调整仰角的支架15相连。可以根据要求，采用液压控制的方式或其他方式，对支撑平台旋转角度22以及伞帆的仰角23进行控制。
图2是伸出式可收放中心支架的结构图，它的一端与支撑平台21铰连，另一端穿过第一伞帆中心气流孔10及第二伞帆中心气流孔11，具有多级伸出式结构，通过液压系统来进行伸出与收回的操作，在伸出式可收放中心支架上设有第一伞帆反面拉索收放器24及第二伞帆反面拉索收放器25。
图3是第一伞帆双向拉索结构示意图，图4为第二伞帆双向拉索结构示意图，固定在第一主拉索3和第二主拉索4的第一伞帆的正面拉索5连接在充气型第一伞帆1的充气扩撑伞环13上；充气型第一伞帆反面拉索7的一端连接在第一伞帆反面拉索收放器24上，另一端连接在充气型第一伞帆的反面上；同样，第二伞帆反面拉索8的一端连接在第二伞帆反面拉索收放器25上，另一端连接在充气型串联第二伞帆的反面上。
图5为装置布置的示意图。所述的基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置可以布置在船舶的中部和后部，分别构成位于船体中部的收放装置30和位于船体后部的收放装置31。当有风向为33的侧向风时，应转动所述收放装置，使得所述两个装置形成夹角，在方向舵29的共同作用下保持船舶的航向。
本发明提供的基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置又包括单级伞帆单独布置在所述伸出式可收放支架上。本发明提供的基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置还允许在船舶一个或多个位置上布置。
伞帆施放前应当根据风力与风向粗略确定两个收放装置放置的夹角、伸出式可收放中心支架的仰角23等参数。伞帆的施放由如下过程组成：转动伞帆收放装置，调整仰角的支架15，使得装置满足收放装置放置的夹角32和伸出式可收放中心支架的仰角23；伸长收放中心支架14；附着在伸出式可收放中心支架14的第一伞帆反面拉索收放器24和第二伞帆反面拉索收放器25分别拉动并缩短第一伞帆反面拉索7和第二伞帆反面拉索8；第一主拉索收放及受力装置17和第二主拉索收放及受力装置18分别施放伞帆第一主拉索3和伞帆第二主拉索4；由充气、抽气装置16通过伞帆充气软管19向充气伞面12和充气扩撑伞环13充入空气，使得有一定的压力，在伞帆反面拉索的拉动、充气扩撑伞环13和风力的共同作用下，充气型伞帆逐步张开；伞帆第一主拉索3和伞帆第二主拉索4逐渐拉紧并受力；以上各过程有序进行直至伞帆达到预定施放高度并提供船舶航行动力。
当船舶在稳定的风力、风向条件下航行时，伞帆受到风的作用力主要通过受力部件伞帆第一主拉索3和伞帆第二主拉索4作用在船体上，为船舶提供动力。所述拉力对船体的作用点低，产生的倾覆力矩小。由伞帆正面拉索和伞帆反面拉索组成的双向拉索，在除为船舶提供动力外，还具有以下功能：控制伞帆的施放高度，正面拉索的施放和反面拉索的收回可使伞帆上升，正面拉索的收回和反面拉索的施放可使伞帆下降；伞帆正面拉索控制伞帆的空中姿态，通过第一主拉索放收受力装置17以及第二主拉索放收受力装置18来调节相应拉索的长短，来改变伞帆的空中姿态；伞帆反面拉索控制伞帆的空中姿态，伞帆反面拉索收放器可以控制伞帆反面拉索的长度，调节部分拉索的长短可以调整伞帆空中姿态；无风或风力较小时，抽去气体后的伞帆可由正面拉索5与反面拉索7悬挂在中心支架14上，中心支架再收回，便于再次使用。
当船舶在侧向风33中航行时，应当根据风向和风力调整伞帆姿态使其相对风向有一个合适的夹角，再结合装置的旋转角度22来综合地、合理地利用侧向风进行驱动。所述单个伞帆放收装置的调整，结合分别位于船体中部及后部的收放装置，通过多个伞帆与风向的夹角提供方向相反的转向力矩，从而部分或全部抵消单个伞帆放收装置造成的航向偏转问题；上述控制机制再结合方向舵21的控制，实现对航向34的矫正。
当无风、风力较小、气象恶劣、进出港口等不适宜利用伞帆的情况下，可以采取与施放伞帆相反的过程逐步、有序、迅速的实现伞帆的收回。在收回伞帆的过程中，通过双向拉索的综合控制可以使伞帆有序的折叠，通过气体的抽出可以使伞帆体积减小，最终收回的伞帆便于储存。
基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置具有承力、伸缩、仰角角度调节以及随风向进行旋转角度、伞帆帆面形状控制、伞帆帆面姿态控制的功能。所述的控制与调节可以通过自动控制来实现，并保留手动控制的功能，以增强装置的可靠性。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，含有充气型第一伞帆(1)、充气型串联第二伞帆(2)、伞帆第一主拉索(3)、伞帆第二主拉索（4）、与主拉索相连的正面拉索(5)、充气伞面(12)、充气扩撑伞环(13)、充气抽气装置(16)、伞帆充气软管(19)、以及主拉索放收及受力装置，其特征在于：所述装置还含有伸出式可收放的中心支架(14)、调整仰角的支架(15)和支撑平台(21)；在充气型第一伞帆(1)和充气型串联第二伞帆(2)的充气伞面上布置有伞帆中心气流孔，所述的伸出式可收放中心支架的一端与支撑平台铰接，另一端穿过第一伞帆中心气流孔(10)及第二伞帆中心气流孔(11)；所述的调整仰角的支架(15)两端分别通过铰接与支撑平台(21)和伸出式可收放中心支架(14)相连。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，其特征在于：在充气型第一伞帆和充气型串联第二伞帆的充气伞面的背面均设有伞帆反面拉索；在伸出式可收放中心支架上还设有反面拉索收放器，第一伞帆反面拉索(7)的一端连接在第一伞帆反面拉索收放器(24)上，另一端连接在充气型第一伞帆的反面上；第二伞帆反面拉索(8)的一端连接在第二伞帆反面拉索收放器(25)上，另一端连接在充气型串联第二伞帆的反面上。
  3. 按照权利要求1所述的一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，其特征在于：在所述的伸出式可收放中心支架(14)上设有至少两个充气软管限位环(20)，所述的伞帆充气软管通过充气软管限位环(20)附着在伸出式可收放中心支架(14)上。
  4. 按照权利要求1所述的一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，其特征在于：所述基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置还包括对支撑平台旋转角度以及伞帆的仰角进行控制的支架控制器(35)，该支架控制器位于支撑平台(21)上，通过液压管线和控制线路与调整仰角的支架(15)相连。
  5. 按照权利要求1～4任一权利要求所述的一种基于支架的可收放的充气型风能伞帆装置，其特征在于：在所述的充气型第一伞帆(1)和充气型串联第二伞帆(2)上均设有充气翼（26），该包括充气水平翼和充气垂直翼。
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