WO2012126366A2 - 一种优化dnp的磁共振设备和方法 - Google Patents

一种优化dnp的磁共振设备和方法 Download PDF

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WO2012126366A2
WO2012126366A2 PCT/CN2012/072707 CN2012072707W WO2012126366A2 WO 2012126366 A2 WO2012126366 A2 WO 2012126366A2 CN 2012072707 W CN2012072707 W CN 2012072707W WO 2012126366 A2 WO2012126366 A2 WO 2012126366A2
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epr
frequency
dnp
polarizer
sample
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WO2012126366A3 (zh
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钟永纯
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爱里程科技咨询(上海)有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/282Means specially adapted for hyperpolarisation or for hyperpolarised contrast agents, e.g. for the generation of hyperpolarised gases using optical pumping cells, for storing hyperpolarised contrast agents or for the determination of the polarisation of a hyperpolarised contrast agent
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/12Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using double resonance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/62Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using double resonance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic resonance apparatus and method for optimizing DNP (Dynamic Nuclear Polarization) for enhancing the sensitivity of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) instruments.
  • DNP Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • Nuclear polarization techniques can be subdivided into static nuclear polarization and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP).
  • DNP dynamic nuclear polarization
  • manufacturers of related NMR and MRI instruments simply achieve static nuclear polarization by increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field.
  • this technology is costly, the instrument is bulky, and generally the sensitivity is not improved significantly, but also at the expense of the fine structural resolution of the NMR instrument; in addition, although electrons near the nucleus are statically polarized, relying on electrons and nuclei The occasional cooperation can achieve nuclear polarization to a certain extent, but the low-field nuclear polarization technique is limited to the core near the electron.
  • DNP is based on the direct excitation and saturation of the EPR transition of the polarizer in the sample, and the polarization of the electron is transferred to the target nucleus in the sample by coupling of the polarized electron with its surrounding inner core. This method was proposed by Ovehause in 1953.
  • the NMR signal magnification obtained by the target nucleus is quite considerable, far more than static nuclear polarization. The effect is good, and the cost of developing DNP equipment that implements DNP technology in the middle and low fields is low.
  • the maximum magnification of DNP that is, the maximum magnification of the NMR signal obtained by protons by DNP is close to 660.
  • Hartmann-Hahn technology offers new options for optimizing polarization transfer in DNP.
  • the difference in the gyromagnetic ratio between electrons and core is a thousand times, Hartmann-Hahn technology cannot be directly applied to DNP equipment.
  • someone established the NOVEL technique to optimize DNP in the low field and broke the theoretical limit of DNP amplification by more than 100 times, confirming the realization of stimulated polarization. Transfer can effectively optimize conventional DNP technology.
  • ELDOR electronic-electron double resonance
  • the DNP technology optimization is hindered to some extent.
  • DNP polarizers with hyperfine structure splitting are used, the effect of the ultrafine coupling frequency of these electrons and the inner shell core on the DNP magnification cannot be quantitatively determined.
  • the standard DNP model the double-spin energy level diagram in the S ⁇ Solomon equation, cannot distinguish between the polarization transfer of electrons into the inner shell core and the polarization transfer of electrons to the target core.
  • existing DNP theoretical studies and technological developments are limited to nuclear spin diffusion in space, and limited understanding of nuclear spin diffusion in the frequency domain.
  • DNP is a spontaneous polarization transfer technique formed by coupling between molecules. Therefore, there is potential for further optimization of DNP using stimulated polarization transfer.
  • the present invention aims to provide a magnetic resonance apparatus and method for optimizing DNP to directly optimize DNP, thereby enhancing signal sensitivity of NMR and MRI instruments, thereby enabling a new generation of NMR and MRI products to be able to It uses a variety of industries and fields that were not available in the past, especially the structural and dynamic properties of different materials at the atomic and molecular scale, as well as highly sensitive and high-resolution devices for a variety of disciplines including biology, pharmaceuticals and clinical medicine.
  • a DNP-optimized magnetic resonance apparatus comprising:
  • a multipurpose probe for detecting NMR signals of electron polarization and target nuclei in a sample
  • Static magnetic field components symmetrically disposed on both sides of the multipurpose probe
  • a Helmholtz coil symmetrically disposed between the static magnetic field member and the multipurpose probe; a circulator coupled to the multipurpose probe;
  • An EPR excitation unit coupled to the circulator for exciting an EPR transition of a polarizer in the sample
  • An RF drive receiving unit coupled to the multipurpose probe for exciting and sampling an NMR signal of a target core in a sample
  • a power source coupled to the static magnetic field component and the Helmholtz coil
  • a central control unit connected to the EPR excitation unit, the EPR signal amplifier, the RF drive receiving unit, and the power source through an interface component.
  • the multi-purpose probe includes an EPR resonance cavity for loading the sample and an NMR probe disposed at the periphery of the EPR resonance cavity.
  • the EPR excitation unit includes at least one EPR excitation wave source, a switch, and a power amplifier which are sequentially connected, and the power amplifier is connected to the circulator.
  • the number of the EPR excitation wave sources is two.
  • the two EPR excitation wave sources are coherent wave sources having the same frequency and different amplitudes.
  • the central control unit is connected to the switch through an interface member.
  • the apparatus further includes a display coupled between the detector and the interface component.
  • the apparatus further includes a storage unit coupled to the interface component.
  • a method for optimizing DNP based on the above magnetic resonance apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention which comprises the following steps:
  • the EPR transition of the polarizer in the sample is excited, the EPR spectrum of the polarizer in the sample is measured, and the characteristic frequency of the polarizer spin system and the magnetic resonance device with the device parameter is determined; Matching the polarizer spin system and characteristic frequencies of two or more of the characteristic frequencies with device parameters in the magnetic resonance apparatus to obtain multiple resonance conditions, and according to multiple resonance conditions, the determination The optimal value of the device parameters;
  • the NMR signal of the target core in the sample is excited, and the EPR transition of the polarizer in the excited sample is maintained, so that the NMR signal of the target core in the sample is amplified by DNP;
  • a fourth step adjusting the device parameters of the magnetic resonance device to the optimal value, and optimizing the magnification of the NMR signal of the target core in the sample.
  • the characteristic frequency includes: an EPR transition frequency of an electron in a polarizer, an NMR transition frequency of a target core in a sample, an ENDOR frequency of an inner shell core near an unpaired electron in a polarizer, and a polarizer
  • the difference between the EPR transition frequency of the electrons in the polarizer and the EPR excitation frequency the difference between the two EPR transition frequencies, the difference between the EPR excitation frequencies of the two excited EPR transitions, and the Rabi frequency of the electrons in the polarizer.
  • the second step comprises: matching the ENDOR frequency of the inner shell core near the unpaired electron in the polarizer with the NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample to obtain a multiple resonance condition.
  • the second step comprises: simultaneously ENDOR frequency of the inner shell core near the unpaired electron in the polarizer, NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample, and Rabi frequency of the electron in the polarizer Match to obtain multiple resonance conditions.
  • the second step comprises: ENDOR frequency of an inner shell core near unpaired electrons in the polarizer and/or hyperfine coupling frequency of unpaired electrons and inner shell core in the polarizer , or an integer multiple of the hyperfine coupling frequency, matching the NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample to obtain multiple resonance conditions.
  • the first step comprises using two of the EPR excitation wave sources to respectively excite electrons and inner core nuclei of the polarizer in the sample; the second step includes: The Rabi frequency of the inner core is matched with the Rabi frequency of the target core in the sample to obtain multiple resonance conditions.
  • the first step includes using the two coherent EPR excitation wave sources to respectively excite electron transitions of the polarizers in the sample, determining a difference in Rabi frequency of electrons in the polarizer, and The two EPR excitation wave sources have the same frequency; the second step includes matching the difference between the Rabi frequencies of the electrons in the polarizer and the NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample to obtain multiple resonance conditions.
  • the method further comprises: saturating an EPR transition of the polarizer in the sample to effect particle number inversion in a coupling system of electrons of the polarizer and the inner shell core.
  • the method saturates an EPR transition of a polarizer in the sample, comprising controlling the switch by a pulse sequence to cause an EPR line in an EPR spectrum of a polarizer in the sample or The two EPR lines are simultaneously saturated.
  • the present invention simultaneously realizes the excitation of the EPR transition in the DNP polarizer in the sample and the excitation of the NMR signal in the sample by using the EPR excitation unit and the RF drive receiving unit, thereby
  • the NMR signal amplified by DNP is obtained, and the controllable parameters of the device are optimized by the central control unit according to the EPR spectrum of the specific DNP polarizer used to optimize the controllable parameters of the device, including optimizing the static magnetic field and the EPR excitation mode
  • the EPR excitation method includes the magnitude of the output power of the EPR excitation source, the size of the microwave frequency, and the single excitation or double excitation mode.
  • the NMR transition frequency of the target core increases the polarization of the electron polarization to the target nuclear polarization and the frequency domain.
  • Spin diffusion which achieves DNP optimization, enhances NMR signal sensitivity and improves the performance of existing DNP devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic resonance apparatus for optimizing DNP according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 (a) - (c) is the NMR transition frequency of the target kernel by particle number inversion and matching in the present invention Schematic diagram of the rate and the ENDOR frequency of the inner shell core to optimize the DNP;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of determining the optimum magnetic field strength in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a second schematic diagram of the principle of determining the optimum magnetic field strength in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a third schematic diagram of the principle of determining the optimal magnetic field strength in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of simultaneously exciting two EPR lines in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 (a) is a simple pulse sequence diagram of DNP optimization in the ultra-low magnetic field region of the present invention
  • Figure 8 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the EPR transition frequency and the magnetic field of the DNP polarizer in the ultra-low magnetic field region of the present invention
  • Figure 8 (c) is a schematic diagram of the transition frequency of electrons in the high magnetic field and the transition frequency of the inner shell core in the ultra-low magnetic field region;
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing the correspondence between DNP, microwave frequency and magnetic field before and after optimization by the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a flow chart showing a method for optimizing DNP based on a magnetic resonance apparatus of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention that is, a DNP-optimized magnetic resonance apparatus 100, includes a static magnetic field component 1 (which may be a coil or a permanent magnet), a Helmholtz coil 2, a multi-purpose probe 200, an EPR excitation unit, and a circulator 6,
  • the static magnetic field members 1 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the multi-purpose probe 200 for generating a stable, uniform constant static magnetic field in or near the sample interval; the Helmholtz coil 2 is symmetrically disposed between the static magnetic field member 1 and the multi-purpose probe 200 for providing Sweep, lock field and magnetic field modulation.
  • the multi-purpose probe 200 includes an EPR resonant cavity for loading an NMR sample and an NMR or MRI probe disposed at the periphery of the EPR resonant cavity, and can simultaneously perform electron polarization and target nuclear NMR signal detection, or can be used alone as an EPR and NMR or MRI instrument.
  • the multi-purpose probe 200 is connected to the circulator 6 so that the microwave reflected from the EPR resonant cavity by the circulator 6 can obtain an EPR spectrum via the detector 7 and the EPR signal amplifier 8, and the display 9 is connected to the detector ⁇ and the interface member 11 Between, for providing an intuitive graphic signal for EPR tuning and coupling; the multi-purpose probe 200 is also sequentially connected to the central control unit 10 via the RF drive receiving unit 14 and the interface member 11, and the RF drive receiving unit 14 is controlled by the central control unit 10, Multi-channel pulse available through the RF drive receiving unit 14.
  • the pulsed NMR or MRI signal also known as the NMR excitation wave source, is excited and acquired.
  • the EPR excitation unit is used to excite the EPR transition in the DNP polarizer in the NMR sample before or during the measurement of the NMR signal, and to achieve amplification of the NMR or MRI signal by the DNP, which specifically includes the EPR excitation wave source 3, the switch 4 and the sequentially connected
  • a dual-frequency EPR resonant cavity and two coherent wave sources with different frequencies are required, and the frequency of the EPR excitation source 3 and the power passing through the power amplifier 5 are actually adjustable by the circulator 6 actually entering the EPR resonant cavity.
  • the switch 4 is connected to the central control unit 10 via the interface unit 11, so that its operation can be controlled by the central control unit 10 in a pulse design; the power amplifier 5 is in turn connected to the interface unit 11 via the circulator 6, the detector ⁇ and the EPR signal amplifier 8.
  • the central control unit 10 optimizes the DNP amplification by selecting an optimized magnetic field and other device parameters.
  • the storage unit 12 is connected to the interface unit 11 to implement a computer-aided function; the power source 13 is connected to the interface unit 11 and supplies power to the static magnetic field unit 1 and the Helmholtz coil 2.
  • the method for optimizing DNP of a magnetic resonance apparatus based on the above structure in the present invention includes:
  • the EPR transition of the polarizer in the sample is excited, the EPR spectrum of the polarizer in the sample is measured, the characteristic frequency of the polar spin system is determined, and the characteristic frequency with the device parameter in the magnetic resonance device is determined;
  • the characteristic frequency of the polar spin system and/or one or more characteristic frequencies of the characteristic frequency with the device parameter in the magnetic resonance device are simultaneously NMR with the target nuclei in the sample. Transition frequency matching, obtaining multiple resonance conditions, and determining an optimal value of the device parameter according to multiple resonance conditions;
  • the NMR signal of the target core in the sample is excited, and the EPR transition of the polarizer in the excited sample is maintained, so that the NMR signal of the target core in the sample is amplified by DNP;
  • a fourth step adjusting the device parameters of the magnetic resonance device to the optimal value, and optimizing the magnification of the NMR signal of the target core in the sample.
  • the method for optimizing DNP is specifically described below based on the magnetic resonance apparatus of the above structure.
  • DNP polarizer spin system selected as the key parameter for optimizing DNP devices in the present invention (the system in which the spin system refers to the unpaired electrons in the polarizer and the nearby inner core nucleus, by the electron spin and the inner shell Nuclear spin composition)
  • DNP polarizer spin system refers to the unpaired electrons in the polarizer and the nearby inner core nucleus, by the electron spin and the inner shell Nuclear spin composition
  • the EPR transition frequency of electrons in the DNP polarizer ie the Larmor frequency of free electrons 0) e , can be expressed as the product of the gyromagnetic ratio ⁇ 6 of the electron and the external magnetic field B:
  • the NMR transition frequency of the target nucleus in the sample ie the Larmor frequency ⁇ ⁇ of the non-magnetic shielding nucleus, can be expressed as the product of the gyromagnetic ratio ⁇ vine of the target nucleus and the external magnetic field ::
  • the ENDOR (electron-nuclear double resonance) frequency of the inner shell core near the unpaired electron in the DNP polarizer sometimes referred to as the NMR frequency of the nuclei near the unpaired electron; this characteristic frequency increases with the distance between the electron and the inner shell core
  • the NMR frequency is no magnetism.
  • A represents the hyperfine coupling frequency
  • ⁇ ⁇ represents the gyromagnetic ratio of the inner shell core in the DNP polarizer
  • Q e represents the quadrupole moment coupling of the inner shell core
  • the Rabi frequency of the target core in the sample o) nR (the Rabi frequency o) nR can be regarded as the NMR transition frequency ⁇ ⁇ in the rotating coordinate system, which can be expressed as the gyromagnetic ratio of the target core ⁇ undo) nR
  • Hyperfine coupling frequency of unpaired electrons and inner shell nuclei in DNP polarizers this coupling involves dipole coupling between electrons and inner shell cores and Fermi contact.
  • this hyperfine structure coupling needs to be expressed in tensor, which is often anisotropic in solids.
  • the anisotropic dipole interaction is effectively averaged out due to molecular motion, so only the super-fine coupling constants are usually observed. Since the constant is usually expressed in units of frequency, it is referred to as a superfine coupling frequency in the present invention and is denoted by A;
  • a dipole coupling frequency D between electrons and electrons can also be subdivided into dipole couplings within and between molecules of the DNP polarizer; 8) EPR transition frequency of electrons in DNP polarizer 0) e and EPR excitation frequency, ie the frequency of EPR excitation source 3 o) mw difference ⁇ , SP:
  • the two EPR transitions can be either two spin packages in a line that is uniformly or non-uniformly broadened, or two EPR lines that are partially or completely separated; in a solution sample at room temperature, this feature
  • the frequency ⁇ 6 can be specifically expressed as:
  • n is an integer
  • This characteristic frequency is a fundamental variable of the ELDOR (Electronic-Electronic Double Resonance) technique, except that it is not normally used with two EPR excitation sources with different frequencies; therefore, it is technically feasible to use the characteristic frequency;
  • a method for optimizing DNP of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 measuring the EPR spectrum of the polarizer to determine the hyperfine coupling frequency; specifically, by turning on the EPR excitation source 3, using the EPR operation mode of the above device, and detecting the EPR signal of the sample through the detector 7, and then measuring the DNP The EPR spectrum of the polarizer.
  • the NMR sample of the EPR resonator mounted in the multi-purpose probe 200 is a mixed solution of water and glycerin at room temperature
  • the DNP polarizer in the NMR sample used is 15 N nitroxyl radical (wherein the nitrogen nucleus) As inside
  • the core of the shell, the target nucleus in the NMR sample is proton.
  • the EPR spectrum of the polarizer is centered on the free electron EPR line, and the distance between the two EPR lines having substantially the same intensity is the superfine coupling frequency A, and the hyperfine coupling frequency A is generally 68 MHz; At the same time, in this step 301, it is also necessary to measure the line width of the EPR line.
  • Step 302 Select a multiple resonance condition (MRC) to calculate an optimal magnetic field size; specifically, according to the actually measured hyperfine coupling frequency A, the inner shell core of the DNP polarizer, and the magnetic rotation ratio of the target core in the sample (In this embodiment, which is the nitrogen nucleus and the gyromagnetic ratio of the proton, an MRC is selected and the optimal magnetic field B o is calculated; the MRC is based on the superfine coupling frequency, the inner core and the target core's magnetic rotation ratio ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ calculates the required feature frequency while matching two or more characteristic frequencies
  • MRC multiple resonance condition
  • MRC1 The ENDOR frequency 0) ENDQR of the inner shell core in the DNP polarizer, and its integral multiple, match the NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample 0), S ⁇ :
  • MRC2 The DNP polarization was Rabi frequency electronic o) eR and the putamen ENDOR frequency w END. R simultaneously matches the NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample 0), ie:
  • MRC3 The NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample is 0) coherent matches the superfine coupling frequency A of the polarizer, or an integer multiple of the characteristic frequency, SP:
  • MRC4 Matching the frequency difference ⁇ mw of two EPR excitation wave sources 3 exciting different EPR transitions with the superfine coupling frequency A of the polarizer, or an integer multiple of the characteristic frequency, S ⁇ :
  • MRC6 Match the difference in the Rabi frequency of the electrons in the DNP polarizer ⁇ 8 1 with the NMR transition frequency 0 ⁇ of the target core in the sample, ie:
  • MRC7 The DNP polarization was near the unpaired electrons putamen Rabi frequency o) eR (the frequency 0) eR target gyromagnetic ratio nuclei Ah.
  • MRC8 The NMR transition frequency of the target core in the sample will be 0)sky simultaneous superfine coupling frequency A with the polarizer, or an integer multiple of the characteristic frequency, and the frequency difference An of the EPR excitation source 3 that excites different EPR transitions.
  • mw matching (corresponding to satisfy MRC3 and MRC4), namely:
  • the multiple resonance conditions (MRC) that can be established with the above 11 characteristic frequencies are not limited to the above eight without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • more multiple resonance conditions can be obtained by simultaneously matching two or more characteristic frequencies defined in the present invention; including Hartmann-Hahn double excitation, double resonance conditions, The modified Hartmann-Hahn condition for the NOVEL method and the law of conservation of energy in the three-spin model; for example, the well-known conditions for optimizing the solid effect can be expressed as the characteristic frequency 01 ⁇ 2 and the characteristic frequency ⁇ .
  • all possible multiple resonance conditions are not established one by one using methods associated with the apparatus, it is within the scope of the invention to achieve multiple resonance conditions obtained by simultaneously matching two or more characteristic frequencies selected in the present invention.
  • MRC1 is selected, and the magnetic field B can be calculated according to the MRC1, and the magnetic field B is the optimal magnetic field B0.
  • the inner core has no quadrupole torch coupling, so Q e is zero, so that according to MRC1, two optimal magnetic fields B o can be obtained, as shown in Table 1 below;
  • Step 303 adjusting the resonant frequency of the EPR resonant cavity containing the sample; specifically, using the EPR tuning mode of the above device, the microwave power reflected from the EPR resonant cavity is displayed by the detector 7, and in this mode, the microwave is recorded.
  • Step 304 measuring the NMR signal of the target core in the sample; specifically, by RF driving the operation of the receiving unit 14, using the NMR operation mode of the device, according to the operation of the conventional NMR instrument, actually measuring the target core in the sample, that is, the proton in the water NMR signal.
  • the EPR excitation source 3 is turned off, and therefore, there is no DNP amplification, that is, the NMR signal is not amplified.
  • Step 305 turning on the EPR excitation state, and measuring the NMR signal in the sample again; specifically, starting the EPR operation mode of the device, SP, causing the EPR excitation unit, the circulator 6 and the detector 7 to operate, and continuing to press step 304
  • the operation measures the NMR signal of the target core in the sample; during this operation, the output power of the EPR excitation source 3 is set to be slightly higher than the power used for the detection of the conventional EPR signal (at this output power, the EPR signal may be saturated, However, it is not obvious); if the EPR excitation frequency, that is, the EPR excitation source 3's 01 ⁇ 2 ⁇ is located within the EPR line of the DNP polarizer (i.e., nitroxide), an amplification of the NMR signal will be observed.
  • the EPR excitation frequency that is, the EPR excitation source 3's 01 ⁇ 2 ⁇ is located within the EPR line of the DNP polarizer (i.e., nitroxide)
  • Step 306 maintaining the EPR excitation state, measuring the NMR signal at different magnetic field points; specifically, while continuing to perform the step 306, the selected optimal magnetic field B0 is centered in a certain magnetic field range (about 20 Gaussian) changes the magnetic field size point by point, the size of each change should be less than one third of the line width of the EPR line, and the target magnetic field in the sample is measured by the operation of step 305 after each change of the fixed magnetic field point.
  • the NMR signal is obtained, thereby obtaining an amplification of the NMR signal.
  • Step 307 determining the relationship between the DNP amplification factor and the EPR excitation power, specifically, fixing the magnetic field at a position where DNP amplification can be observed, and gradually increasing the output power of the EPR excitation wave source 3 to 5 W (higher than 5 W is easy to make the sample temperature) Rising), measuring the intensity of the NMR signal as a function of the output power, according to which the microwave power can be optimized while avoiding the sample temperature being too high. Since the magnetic field used at this time may have a slight difference from the optimum magnetic field B0 determined in step 303, the magnification of the DNP obtained at this time needs to be optimized.
  • the optimal magnetic field for optimizing the DNP will be selected according to the structural characteristics of the specific DNP polarizer. Since the chemical structure of nitroxide is stable and safe, it is often used as one of the ideal DNP polarizers.
  • the DNP polarizer has a resolvable hyperfine structure EPR line at room temperature, and the distance between the two EPR lines is the isotropic hyperfine coupling frequency A. This will determine the optimal magnetic field strength required to obtain optimized DNP, which in turn enhances the signal sensitivity of NMR and MRI.
  • the average superfine coupling frequency of the nitroxyl radicals in the solution can be accurately measured directly by the EPR experiment.
  • Inner shell core A (MHz) Calculated DNP-optimizable magnetic field (Gauss)
  • the gyromagnetic ratio of three different cores is used, which is the proton ferromagnetic ratio of 42.576 MHz/T; the nitrogen core 14 N has a gyromagnetic ratio of 3.077 MHz/T; The spin ratio of 15 N is 4.316 MHz/T.
  • the calculations based on equations (1) and (2) correspond to the use of 14 N nitrogen oxides.
  • the optimal magnetic fields for the DNP polarizers are 5038 Gauss, 5822.9 Gauss, and 10804.2 Gauss; of course, the optimal magnetic field can be corrected by considering the nuclear quadrupole coupling, or the optimal magnetic field can be actually measured directly by the sweep method. When the DNP magnification is the highest, it is the best magnetic field).
  • the ratio of the gyromagnetic ratio of the inner shell core to the target core is greater than 1, less than 1 and equal to 1, respectively, by means of the illustrated method, by
  • the DNP is optimized by means of the maser effect, and the sample and the polarizer are separated in the same EPR resonant cavity.
  • Fig. 3 (a) shows the variation of the particle number distribution in the four energy levels of the polarizer before and after the EPR saturation; due to the EPR between the lowest energy level and the highest energy level, Corresponding to the population inversion between the two ENDOR frequency levels (by using pulse sequence control switch 4, static magnetic field component 1 and Helmholtz coil 2, pulse, continuous wave and magnetic field modulation are used to make the EPR spectrum of the polarizer in the sample The simultaneous saturation of one EPR line or two EPR lines can produce a population inversion);
  • Figure 3 (b) shows the NMR signal of the target nucleus in a sample measurable by two different magnetic fields, due to the DNP effect.
  • the NMR signal of the target core is amplified;
  • the two NMR transition frequencies are matched with the two ENDOR frequencies of the polarizer, respectively, so that the NMR signal of the target core is amplified by the stimulated radiation in the polarizer, thereby achieving DNP optimization;
  • Figure 3 (c) shows optimization and not The relationship between the optimized DNP magnification and the frequency of the target nuclear NMR signal; the two peaks represent the change in DNP magnification when the above frequency matching conditions are met.
  • Analog to ruby maser as long as the DNP polarizer and the NMR or MRI sample are in the same EPR cavity, the weak NMR signal can be amplified. It is therefore possible to place the DNP polarizer around the sample without dissolving the DNP into the sample, thereby eliminating the effect of the DNP polarizer on the molecules in the sample. This DNP technique is suitable for samples where DNP polarizers cannot be added.
  • multiple resonance conditions are proposed for use in ultra-low magnetic fields, including the Earth's magnetic field (approximately 50 ⁇ ).
  • the inner core nucleus spins 1 1, such as 14 N nitroxides
  • the energy level split diagram is shown in Figure 8, when unpaired electrons are felt.
  • the effective magnetic field of the ultra-fine coupling is close to or larger than the external magnetic field, the transition of the electron and the inner shell nucleus may overlap or be indistinguishable (ie, the transition frequency of the electrons in this region and the transition frequency of the inner shell core are less than the line width).
  • the Hartmann-Hahn double excitation, double resonance condition, SP the Rabi frequency of the inner shell core near the unpaired electron in the DNP polarizer can be used.
  • the eR matches the Rabi frequency o) nR of the target core in the sample (specifically, the above description of MRC7, wherein ⁇ ⁇ ), ⁇ ) is proportional to the square root of the power of the corresponding EPR excitation source 3 near the sample).
  • the multiple resonance conditions used in this embodiment differ from the Hartmann-Hahn conditions in that the inner shell core is strongly coupled to unpaired electrons, and both can be polarized at the same frequency.
  • One of the advantages of this embodiment is that the same fixed magnetic field in the ultra-low magnetic field range enhances the signal sensitivity of DNP-based NMR and MRI without the need to perform DNP polarization transfer and NMR or MRI signal measurements in two different magnetic fields, respectively. Magnetic field circulation method.
  • This embodiment illustrates how multiple resonance conditions can be combined with dual EPR excitation techniques.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ in Figure 7 represent the microwave frequencies that can excite the EPR, respectively, here, assuming that the microwave frequency bandwidth is greater than the hyperfine coupling frequency A, but actually using the same microwave source)
  • the frequency difference A mw of the two coherent EPR excitation wave sources 3 that excite different EPR transitions is simultaneously matched with the hyperfine coupling frequency A of the DNP polarizer and the NMR transition frequency 01 ⁇ 2 of the target core in the sample.
  • the difference frequency of the two coherent EPR excitation source 3 the target nucleus in the sample can be resonantly polarized.
  • the isotropic superfine coupling frequency A in the solution is 68 MHz.
  • the optimal magnetic field can be fixed at 1.5971T, and the dual-frequency EPR resonant cavity with the frequency difference of 68 MHz is selected, and the EPR excitation wave source 3 with a certain bandwidth is used.
  • the purpose of using double EPR transitions is to make the frequency difference between the two EPR transitions in the EPR resonant cavity exhibit cross-polarization (cross-polarization refers to the polarization transfer between two EPR transitions.
  • the general DNP is spontaneous, and this The proposed DNP is excited, therefore, simultaneously exciting two EPR transitions will cause stimulated cross-polarization transfer in the polarizer.
  • the frequency of the target NMR signal is matched to the two EPR transition frequency differences. It is precisely the cross-polarization frequency of the electrons in the polarizer and the inner shell core, thus realizing stimulated DNP), and all target nuclei also obtain polarization of electrons by spin diffusion at the same frequency.
  • the present invention can optimize the controllable parameters of the device according to multiple resonance conditions, including magnetic field, field amplitude of single EPR excitation wave source, microwave frequency difference of double EPR excitation, microwave field amplitude difference, etc., especially
  • an optimal magnetic field is selected.
  • the polarization of the electron to the target nucleus is optimized by adjusting the output power of the EPR excitation source and the resonance frequency of the EPR resonator to optimize the DNP.
  • Obtaining the maximum magnification of DNP which enhances the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic signals, and provides a basis for selecting the magnetic field and EPR excitation frequency in DNP equipment.
  • Future DNP technology and equipment developers can develop magnetic fields and ERR excitation devices based on existing polarizers, such as nitroxide, as well as fixed magnetic fields.
  • DNP polarizers with suitable hyperfine coupling frequencies are selected or synthesized.

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Description

一种优化 DNP的磁共振设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于增强 NMR (核磁共振)和 MRI (核磁共振成像)仪 器信号灵敏度的优化 DNP (动态核极化) 的磁共振设备和方法。 背景技术
众所周知, NMR和 MRI仪器的信号灵敏度, 即信噪比, 是这类仪器设 备的重要技术指标。 虽然目前的商品核磁仪器的灵敏度比几十年前大有提高, 但是与电子顺磁共振 (EPR) 仪器的信号灵敏度仍是相差千倍以上。
由于普通的信号放大技术同时放大信号和噪声, 因此不能改善 NMR和 MRI仪器的信噪比, 即灵敏度。 相比之下, 核极化技术可以增强 NMR信号 的强度, 而不放大噪音, 因此在提高 NMR和 MRI仪器可测信号的灵敏度方 面具有独特的优点。
核极化技术可以细分为静态核极化和动态核极化 (DNP )。 目前相关的 NMR和 MRI仪器设备制造商是单纯通过加大外加磁场强度来实现静态核极 化的。 但这种技术成本高、 仪器体积庞大、 通常灵敏度改善并不显著, 而且 还要以损失 NMR仪器的精细结构分辨率为代价; 另外, 虽然通过静态极化核 附近的电子, 依靠电子与核之间的偶合作用, 可在一定程度上实现核极化, 但是该低场核极化技术只局限于电子附近的核。
DNP是基于直接激发和饱和样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁, 借助被极化的电 子与其周围内壳核的偶合使电子的极化转移到样品中的目标核。 该方法是 Ovehause在 1953年提出的。
由于电子的旋磁比相较于内壳核和目标核的旋磁比大两个以上的数量级, 因此原理上目标核获得的 NMR信号放大倍数是十分可观的,远远比采用静态 核极化的效果好, 而且在中低场研制实现 DNP技术的 DNP设备的成本低。 以质子为例, DNP的最大放大倍数, 即通过 DNP可使质子获得的 NMR信号 的最大放大倍数接近 660。 DNP的效果是由电子到目标核的极化转移大小决定的, 但是在使用传统 的单 EPR跃迁激发 DNP技术中,这种极化转移完全是依靠电子和内壳核之间 的偶合自发地产生的,因此并没有得到充分的优化。在 1962年, Hartmann-Hahn 提出了双激发、双共振条件, 实现了通过选择 NMR仪器的参数优化核自旋之 间的极化转移。
Hartmann-Hahn技术为优化 DNP中的极化转移提供了新的选择。 不过, 由于电子与核的旋磁比差别为千倍, 因此 Hartmann-Hahn技术是不能直接在 DNP设备中应用的。九十年代, 通过将电子的 Rabi频率与目标核的 NMR频 率匹配,有人建立了在低场优化 DNP的 NOVEL技术,并且突破了 DNP放大 倍数理论极限的 100倍以上,证实了实现受激极化转移可以有效优化常规 DNP 技术。
虽然电子一电子双共振 (ELDOR) 仪器原理上可用来同时激发两个不同 的 EPR跃迁, 或利用频率差匹配内壳核的核磁信号, 但是目前在 ELDOR仪 器上采用的双 EPR跃迁激发是先后而不是同时进行的, 这和 Hartmann-Hahn 的双激发方法是不同的。
另外, 由于现有的 DNP理论存在不足, 在一定程度上阻碍了 DNP技术 优化。 特别是当使用有超精细结构分裂的 DNP极化物, 这些电子和内壳核的 超精细偶合频率对 DNP放大倍数的影响仍不能定量确定。事实上, 标准 DNP 模型, S卩 Solomon方程中的双自旋能级图不能区分电子到内壳核的极化转移 和电子到目标核的极化转移。 而且, 现有的 DNP理论研究和技术开发只局限 于空间的核自旋扩散, 对于频率域的核自旋扩散了解有限。
因此, 如何将受激 DNP方法在新一代 DNP设备中实现是该领域全球仪 器开发商和研究单位竞争的焦点。
大量 DNP理论和 DNP设备研制表明, DNP放大倍数随磁场增加而减小, 因此合理选择 DNP设备的磁场是开拓和垄断相关 DNP产品市场的关键。
由于 Hartmann-Hahn方法是一种依靠双自旋激发实现的受激极化转移技 术, 而 DNP是一种依靠分子之间偶合而形成的自发极化转移技术。 因此, 进 一歩利用受激极化转移优化 DNP是有潜力的。 发明内容 为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题, 本发明旨在提供一种优化 DNP的磁 共振设备和方法,以直接优化 DNP,从而增强 NMR和 MRI仪器信号灵敏度, 进而使新一代 NMR和 MRI产品能够应该用到过去无法研究的多种行业和领 域,尤其是以原子和分子尺度的不同材料的结构和动力学特性, 以及为生物、 制药和临床医学等多种学科提供高灵敏高分辨率的设备。
本发明之一所述的一种优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 它包括:
用于探测样品中电子极化和目标核的 NMR信号的多用探头;
对称布置在所述多用探头的两侧的静磁场部件;
对称布置在所述静磁场部件与多用探头之间的 Helmholtz线圈; 与所述多用探头连接的环行器;
与所述环行器连接、 用于激发所述样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁的 EPR激 发单元;
依次与所述环行器连接的检波器和 EPR信号放大器;
与所述多用探头连接、 用于激发和采样样品中目标核的 NMR信号的 RF 驱动接收单元;
与所述静磁场部件和 Helmholtz线圈连接的电源; 以及
通过接口部件与所述 EPR激发单元、 EPR信号放大器、 RF驱动接收单元 以及电源连接的中心控制单元。
在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中, 所述多用探头包括用于装载所述样 品的 EPR共振腔和设置在 EPR共振腔外围的 NMR探头。
在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中,所述 EPR激发单元包括依次连接的 至少一个 EPR激发波源、 开关和功率放大器, 且所述功率放大器与环行器连 接。
在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中, 所述 EPR激发波源的数量为两个。 在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中,所述两个 EPR激发波源为频率相同、 振幅不同的相干波源。
在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中, 所述中心控制单元通过接口部件与 所述开关连接。
在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中, 所述设备还包括连接在所述检波器 和接口部件之间的显示器。 在上述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备中, 所述设备还包括与所述接口部件连 接的存储部件。
本发明之二所述的一种基于上述的磁共振设备的优化 DNP的方法, 它包 括以下歩骤:
歩骤一,激发样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁,测量样品中极化物的 EPR谱, 确定所述极化物自旋系统和所述磁共振设备中的带有设备参数的特征频率; 歩骤二, 匹配所述极化物自旋系统和所述磁共振设备中的带有设备参数 的特征频率中的两个或两个以上的特征频率, 获得多重共振条件, 并根据多 重共振条件, 所述确定所述设备参数的最佳值;
歩骤三, 激发所述样品中目标核的 NMR信号, 并保持激发样品中极化物 的 EPR跃迁, 使所述样品中目标核的 NMR信号通过 DNP进行放大;
歩骤四, 调节所述磁共振设备的设备参数达到所述最佳值, 优化所述样 品中目标核的 NMR信号的放大倍数。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 所述特征频率包括: 极化物中电子的 EPR 跃迁频率、样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率、极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核 的 ENDOR频率、 极化物中电子的 Rabi频率、 极化物中内壳核的 Rabi频率、 样品中目标核的 Rabi频率、极化物中未配对电子与内壳核的超精细偶合频率、 电子与电子之间的偶极偶合频率、极化物中电子的 EPR跃迁频率与 EPR激发 频率差、 两个 EPR跃迁频率之差、 两个激发不同 EPR跃迁的 EPR激发频率 之差以及极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 所述歩骤二包括: 将所述极化物中未配对 电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率和样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率匹配,获得 多重共振条件。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 所述歩骤二包括: 同时将所述极化物中未 配对电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率、样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率和极化 物中电子的 Rabi频率匹配, 获得多重共振条件。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 所述歩骤二包括: 将所述极化物中未配对 电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率和 /或极化物中未配对电子与内壳核的超精细 偶合频率, 或该超精细偶合频率的整数倍, 与样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率 匹配, 获得多重共振条件。 在上述的优化 DNP的方法中,所述歩骤一包括采用两个所述 EPR激发波 源分别激发样品中极化物的电子和内壳核的跃迁; 所述歩骤二包括将所述极 化物中内壳核的 Rabi频率和样品中目标核的 Rabi频率匹配,获得多重共振条 件。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 所述歩骤一包括采用所述两个相干的 EPR 激发波源分别激发样品中极化物的电子的跃迁, 确定所述极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差, 且所述两个 EPR激发波源的频率相同; 所述歩骤二包括将所 述极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差和样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率匹配, 获 得多重共振条件。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 饱和所述 样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁, 以在极化物的电子与内壳核的偶合系统中实现粒 子数反转。
在上述的优化 DNP的方法中, 所述方法中饱和所述样品中极化物的 EPR 跃迁, 包括通过脉冲序控制所述开关, 使所述样品中极化物的 EPR谱中的一 条 EPR谱线或两条 EPR谱线的同时饱和。
由于采用了上述的技术解决方案, 本发明通过采用 EPR激发单元和 RF 驱动接收单元,在本磁共振设备中同时实现样品中 DNP极化物中的 EPR跃迁 的激发以及样品中 NMR信号的激发, 从而获得了通过 DNP放大的 NMR信 号, 同时通过中心控制单元根据具体所使用 DNP极化物的 EPR谱,选择适合 的多重共振条件, 对本设备的可控参数进行优化, 包括优化静磁场和 EPR激 发方式 (EPR激发方式包括 EPR激发波源输出功率的大小、 微波频率的大小 以及单一激发或双激发方式等参数), 在目标核的 NMR跃迁频率加大电子极 化向目标核极化的转移以及频率域的自旋扩散, 从而实现了 DNP优化, 进而 增强了 NMR信号灵敏度, 并便于进一歩提高现有 DNP设备的性能。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的一种优化 DNP的磁共振设备的结构示意图;
图 2 (a) - (c) 是本发明中基于特征频率建立多重共振条件的原理示意 图;
图 3 (a) - (c)是本发明中通过粒子数反转和匹配目标核的 NMR跃迁频 率和内壳核的 ENDOR频率优化 DNP的示意图;
图 4是本发明中确定最佳磁场强度的原理示意图之一;
图 5是本发明中确定最佳磁场强度的原理示意图之二;
图 6是本发明中确定最佳磁场强度的原理示意图之三;
图 7是本发明中同时激发两条 EPR谱线的原理示意图;
图 8 ( a) 是本发明在超低磁场区域实现 DNP优化的简单脉冲序列图; 图 8 (b ) 是本发明在超低磁场区域 DNP极化物的 EPR跃迁频率与磁场 的关系示意图;
图 8 ( c ) 是高磁场中电子的跃迁频率与内壳核的跃迁频率在超低磁场区 域中的示意图;
图 9是采用本发明优化前后的 DNP、 微波频率以及磁场的对应关系图 图 10是本发明的一种基于磁共振设备的优化 DNP的方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图, 给出本发明的较佳实施例, 并予以详细描述。
如图 1所示, 本发明, 即一种优化 DNP的磁共振设备 100, 包括静磁场 部件 1 (可以为线圈或永磁铁)、 Helmholtz线圈 2、 多用探头 200、 EPR激发 单元、环行器 6、检波器 7、 EPR信号放大器 8、显示器 9、 中心控制单元 10、 接口部件 11、 存储部件 12、 电源 13和 RF驱动接收单元 14。
静磁场部件 1对称布置在多用探头 200 的两侧, 用于在样品区间或附近 产生稳定、均匀的恒定静磁场; Helmholtz线圈 2对称布置在静磁场部件 1与 多用探头 200之间, 用于提供扫场、 锁场和磁场调制功能。
多用探头 200包括用于装载 NMR样品的 EPR共振腔和设置在 EPR共振 腔外围的 NMR或 MRI探头, 可以同时实施电子极化和目标核 NMR信号的 探测, 也可以单独作为 EPR和 NMR或 MRI仪器使用; 多用探头 200与环行 器 6连接, 从而使得通过环行器 6从 EPR共振腔反射出来的微波可经检波器 7和 EPR信号放大器 8获得 EPR谱,显示器 9连接在检波器 Ί和接口部件 11 之间, 用于为 EPR调谐和偶合提供直观的图形信号; 多用探头 200还依次通 过 RF驱动接收单元 14和接口部件 11与中心控制单元 10连接, RF驱动接收 单元 14由中心控制单元 10控制, 通过 RF驱动接收单元 14可用多通道脉冲 激发和采集脉冲 NMR或 MRI信号, 也称为 NMR激发波源。
EPR激发单元用于在测量 NMR信号前或过程中,激发 NMR样品中 DNP 极化物中的 EPR跃迁, 实现 DNP对 NMR或 MRI信号的放大, 它具体包括 依次连接的 EPR激发波源 3、 开关 4和功率放大器 5, 其中, EPR激发波源 3可以在一定的频率带宽提供 EPR跃迁激发, EPR激发波源 3通过双通道连 续波或脉冲形式可单独激发单一 EPR跃迁或同时激发两个 EPR跃迁(当同时 激发两个 EPR跃迁时,需要选用双频 EPR共振腔和两个频率不同的相干波源), 且 EPR激发波源 3的频率和经过功率放大器 5后,经环行器 6 实际进入 EPR 共振腔的功率可调; 开关 4通过接口部件 11与中心控制单元 10连接, 从而 可由中心控制单元 10按脉冲设计控制其动作; 功率放大器 5依次通过环行器 6、 检波器 Ί和 EPR信号放大器 8与接口部件 11连接。
中心控制单元 10通过选择优化的磁场等设备参数, 实现对 DNP放大倍 数的优化。 存储部件 12与接口部件 11连接, 实现计算机辅助功能; 电源 13 与接口部件 11连接, 并向静磁场部件 1和 Helmholtz线圈 2供电。
本发明中基于上述结构的磁共振设备的优化 DNP的方法包括:
歩骤一,激发样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁,测量样品中极化物的 EPR谱, 确定所述极化物自旋系统的特征频率和所述磁共振设备中的带有设备参数的 特征频率;
歩骤二, 将所述极化物自旋系统的特征频率和 /或所述磁共振设备中的带 有设备参数的特征频率中的一个或多个特征频率同时与所述样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率匹配, 获得多重共振条件, 并根据多重共振条件, 所述确定所 述设备参数的最佳值;
歩骤三, 激发所述样品中目标核的 NMR信号, 并保持激发样品中极化物 的 EPR跃迁, 使所述样品中目标核的 NMR信号通过 DNP进行放大;
歩骤四, 调节所述磁共振设备的设备参数达到所述最佳值, 优化所述样 品中目标核的 NMR信号的放大倍数。
下面基于上述结构的磁共振设备对优化 DNP的方法进行具体说明。
首先, 对本发明中选定的作为优化 DNP设备的关键参数的与 DNP极化 物自旋系统 (自旋系统指极化物中未配对电子和附近内壳核形成的系统, 由 电子自旋和内壳核自旋组成) 和设备有关的特征频率进行说明, 这些特征频 率具体包括:
1 ) DNP极化物中电子的 EPR跃迁频率, 即自由电子的拉莫尔频率 0)e, 可以表示为电子的旋磁比 γ6和外磁场 B的乘积:
ωθ = YeB;
2) 样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率, 即无磁屏蔽核的拉莫尔频率 ωη, 可 以表示为目标核的旋磁比丫„和外磁场 Β的乘积:
ωη = γηΒ;
3 ) DNP极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR (电子核双共振) 频 率, 有时也称为未配对电子附近核的 NMR频率; 这种特征频率随着电子与内 壳核的距离增加最终成为无顺磁物时的 NMR频率。 对于内壳核自旋 1>1/2的 情况, ENDOR频率中还要考虑核四极矩偶合; 该 ENDOR频率 o)ENDQR可表示 为: i^ENDOR = 士 YcB士 Qc,
其中, A表示超精细偶合频率, γε表示 DNP极化物中内壳核的旋磁比, Qe表示内壳核的四极矩偶合;
4) DNP 极化物中电子的 Rabi频率 o)eR, 它可表示为电子的旋磁比丫6与 EPR激发波源 3的场振幅 ^的乘积:
weR = γθΒι;
5 )样品中目标核的 Rabi频率 o)nR (该 Rabi频率 o)nR可视为旋转坐标系中 的 NMR跃迁频率 ωη), 它可表示为目标核的旋磁比丫„与 RF驱动接收单元 14
(即 NMR激发波源) 的场振幅 的乘积:
wnR― ΥηΒίΠ) ;
6) DNP极化物中未配对电子与内壳核的超精细偶合频率; 该偶合包括电 子与内壳核之间的偶极偶合与 Fermi接触作用。一般情况下,这种超精细结构 偶合需要用张量表示, 在固体中常表现为各向异性。 而在溶液中, 由于分子 运动将各向异性的偶极相互作用被有效平均掉, 因此通常只观察到各向超精 细偶合常数。 由于该常数通常用频率单位表示, 因此, 在本发明中称为超精 细偶合频率, 并用 A表示;
7) 电子与电子之间的偶极偶合频率 D, 该偶极偶合频率 D还可以细分为 DNP极化物分子内和分子之间的偶极偶合; 8) DNP极化物中电子的 EPR跃迁频率 0)e与 EPR激发频率, 即 EPR激发 波源 3的频率 o)mw之差 ΔΩ, SP:
ΔΩ = o)e— ω丽
9) 两个 EPR跃迁频率之差 Δω6, 即:
Δωθ一 ― ,
这两个 EPR跃迁既可以是均匀或非均匀增宽的一条谱线中的两个自旋包, 也可以是部分或完全分离的两条 EPR谱线; 在室温下的溶液样品中, 该特征 频率 Δω6可以具体表示为:
Δωθ = ― ω^) = mA,
其中, m为整数;
10) 两个激发不同 EPR跃迁的 EPR激发波源 3的频率差 A mw, 即:
" Λ"Πmw― ωη(ινν— ωη(2ιν)ν'
该特征频率是 ELDOR (电子一电子双共振)技术的基本变量, 只不过通 常不会同时用两个频率不同的 EPR激发波源; 因此, 从技术上讲, 使用该特 征频率是可行的;
11 ) DNP极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差丫^81, 即: 其中, 此时, 和
Figure imgf000011_0001
3提供的两个频率相同但 振幅不同的相干波源的场振幅;
虽然在技术上无法将电子的 Rabi 频率与目标核的 Rabi 频率按照 Hartmann-Hahn双激发、 双共振条件相匹配, 但是将同一电子的两个 Rabi频 率之差与目标核的 Rabi或 NMR跃迁频率匹配是可行的。
其次, 以优化上述磁共振设备的磁场参数为例, 对本发明的优化 DNP的 方法进行介绍。
如图 10所示, 本发明的一种优化 DNP的方法, 包括以下歩骤:
歩骤 301, 测量极化物 EPR谱, 确定超精细耦合频率; 具体来说, 通过 开启 EPR激发波源 3, 使用上述设备的 EPR运行模式, 并通过检波器 7测到 样品的 EPR信号, 进而测量 DNP极化物的 EPR谱。 在本实施例中, 装在多 用探头 200的 EPR共振腔的 NMR样品为处于室温环境的水和甘油的混合溶 液, 使用的 NMR样品中的 DNP极化物为 15N氮氧自由基 (其中氮核作为内 壳核), NMR样品中的目标核为质子。此时,极化物的 EPR谱以自由电子 EPR 谱线为中心, 两条强度基本相同的 EPR谱线之间的距离即为超精细偶合频率 A, 一般情况下该超精细偶合频率 A为 68MHz; 同时, 在本歩骤 301中还需 要测量 EPR谱线的线宽。
歩骤 302, 选择多重共振条件 (MRC) , 计算最佳磁场大小; 具体来说, 根据实际测得的超精细偶合频率 A、 DNP极化物的内壳核以及样品中目标核 的磁旋比 (在本实施例中, 即为氮核以及质子的旋磁比), 选择一个 MRC, 并计算最佳磁场 B o ; MRC是根据超精细偶合频率 、 内壳核以及目标核的磁 旋比 γ^Πγη计算所需特征频率,同时匹配两个或两个以上的特征频率而获得的
(原理上是匹配任意的两个或两个以上的特征频率均可, 但在实际操作中, 需要考虑具体极化物和设备参数的可调范围, 选择适当的特征频率进行匹配) t 图 2 (a) - (c) 从概念上示出基于特征频率建立多重共振条件的示意图, 以 便直观描述本发明方法的普遍性, 其中, 每一个特征频率用圆圈 101 表示。 本发明中, 主要介绍以下 8个多重共振条件:
MRC1: 将 DNP极化物中内壳核的 ENDOR频率 0)ENDQR, 以及它的整数 倍, 与样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率0)„匹配, S卩:
YnB = | ± YCB ± QC| ;
MRC2: 将 DNP极化物中电子 Rabi频率 o)eR和内壳核的 ENDOR频率 wENDR同时与样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率0)„匹配, 即:
YeBi = | ± YCB ± QC| = γηΒ; 当不考虑匹配 DNP极化物中内壳核的 ENDOR频率 o)ENDQR时, 该 MRC 就变成 NOVEL方法中使用的修正 Hartmann-Hahn双共振条件, 因此该 MRC 可视为 NOVEL方法的推广;
MRC3 :将样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率0)„与极化物的超精细偶合频率 A, 或该特征频率的整数倍匹配, SP :
γηΒ一 mA, m一 1,2,3, ...;
MRC4: 将两个激发不同 EPR跃迁的 EPR激发波源 3的频率差 ΔΩmw与 极化物的超精细偶合频率 A, 或该特征频率的整数倍匹配, S卩:
.(i) (2) = mA, m = 1,2,3, ...; MRC5: 将两个激发不同 EPR跃迁的 EPR激发波源 3的频率差 ΔΩmw同 时与样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率 ωη, 或该特征频率的整数倍, 和电子与 电子之间的偶极偶合频率 D匹配, SP:
1,2,3, ...;
Figure imgf000013_0001
MRC6: 将 DNP极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差丫^81与样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率0^匹配, 即:
YnB ^ YeAB! = Ye |B$a) - B$b) | ;
MRC7: 将 DNP极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核的 Rabi频率 o)eR (该频 率 0)eR为目标核的旋磁比丫。与激发内壳核的 EPR激发波源 3的场振幅 B ^的乘 积) 与样品中目标核的 Rabi频率 o)nR匹配, 即:
、, R(n) _、, R(c)
Υηΰι - Yc^i ,
其中, B )与激发电子的 EPR激发波源 3的场振幅^相同;
MRC8:将将样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率0)„同时与极化物的超精细偶 合频率 A,或该特征频率的整数倍, 以及两个激发不同 EPR跃迁的 EPR激发 波源 3的频率差 Anmw匹配 (相当于同时满足 MRC3和 MRC4), 即:
γηΒ = mA = >(2)
'mw 'mw m = 1,2,3
应当理解的是, 在不脱离本发明精神和范畴的情况下, 用上述 11个特征 频率可以建立的多重共振条件 (MRC) 不止以上 8个。 除包括前人已经用过 的双共振条件外, 更多的多重共振条件可以采用同时匹配两个或多个本发明 中定义的特征频率的方法获得; 包括 Hartmann-Hahn双激发、 双共振条件, 用于 NOVEL方法的修正 Hartmann-Hahn条件和三自旋模型中的能量守恒定律 等; 例如, 众所周知的优化固体效应的条件可以表示为特征频率 0½和特征频 率 ΔΩ匹配。 因此, 尽管在此没有使用与装置配套的方法逐一建立全部可能的 多重共振条件, 但是凡是通过同时匹配两个或多个本发明中选择的特征频率 获得的多重共振条件都属于本发明的范围。
一般情况下, 选择一个 MRC作为计算公式, 然后选择其它 MRC作为参 考比较依据。 为了方便起见, 本实施例中选择 MRC1 , 根据该 MRC1即可计 算得到磁场 B, 该磁场 B即为最佳磁场 B o。 注意, 对于氮核 15N来说, 内壳 核无四极炬偶合, 因此 Qe为零, 这样根据 MRC1就可得到 2个最佳磁场 B o , 如下文中表 1所示; 然后可将设备的磁场任意设定为其中一个优化磁场, 例 如: B Q =7250.7高斯, 然后可以根据常规公式确定自由电子 EPR的微波频率 ve = 2.80247B0 = 20.3198GHz。
歩骤 303, 调节装有样品的 EPR共振腔的共振频率; 具体来说, 使用上 述设备的 EPR调谐模式, 用检波器 7显示从 EPR共振腔反射的微波功率, 并 在该模式下, 记录微波信号, 借助显示器 9上的反射微波信号, 调节 EPR共 振腔的实际共振频率使其与氮氧自由基一个 EPR跃迁频率^ (即极化物中电 子的 EPR跃迁频率) 相同, 即vQ = ve + ^20.3538GHz (式中 A的值见下文 中表 1 ), 同时将静磁场部件 1产生的磁场设置为 BQ = 7250.7高斯。
歩骤 304, 测量样品中目标核的 NMR信号; 具体来说, 通过 RF驱动接 收单元 14的工作, 使用设备的 NMR运行模式, 按照常规 NMR仪器操作, 实际测量样品中目标核, 即水中质子的 NMR信号。 此时, EPR激发波源 3 处于关闭状态, 因此, 无 DNP放大, 即 NMR信号没有被放大。
歩骤 305,开启 EPR激发状态,再次测量样品中的 NMR信号;具体来说, 启动设备的 EPR运行模式, SP,使 EPR激发单元、环行器 6和检波器 7工作, 同时继续按歩骤 304的操作测量样品中目标核的 NMR信号;在此操作过程中, 设定 EPR激发波源 3的输出功率略高于常规 EPR信号探测所使用的功率(在 此输出功率时, EPR信号可能出现饱和, 但不明显); 如果 EPR激发频率, 即, EPR激发波源 3的 0½^正好位于 DNP极化物 (即氮氧自由基) 的 EPR 谱线内, 则将观察到 NMR信号放大。
歩骤 306, 保持 EPR激发状态, 在不同的磁场点测量 NMR信号; 具体来 说, 在持续进行歩骤 306的同时, 以所选择的最佳磁场 B o为中心, 在一定磁 场范围(约 20高斯) 内逐点变化磁场大小, 每次变化的大小应小于 EPR谱线 的线宽的三分之一, 并在每一个变化后固定的磁场点按歩骤 305 的操作测量 样品中目标核的 NMR信号, 从而获得 NMR信号放大。
歩骤 307, 确定 DNP放大倍数与 EPR激发功率的关系, 具体来说, 将磁 场固定在可观测到 DNP放大的位置,逐渐增加 EPR激发波源 3的输出功率至 5W (高于 5W容易使样品温度上升), 测量 NMR信号的强度随该输出功率的 变化曲线, 根据该变化曲线可以优化微波功率, 同时避免样品温度太高。 由 于此时使用的磁场与歩骤 303中确定得到的最佳磁场 B o可能存在微小差别, 因此, 此时获得的 DNP的放大倍数有待于优化。 歩骤 308, 采用最佳磁场 B o, 微调 EPR共振腔的共振频率, 并返回歩骤 303, 具体来说, 如图 9所示, 根据磁场差别 AB = BQ - 其中 表示可观 测到 DNP放大的磁场, 即实际测到的极化物的 EPR谱线中心, 计算出相应 的微波频率差别 Δν6 = 2.80247ΔΒ,其中,磁场单位为高斯,频率单位为 MHz, 从而计算得到实际的优化微波频率 ve = ve + Ave ; 然后返回歩骤 303, 重复装 有样品的 EPR共振腔的共振频率, 以便获得 DNP放大的优化。
上述实施例还可以变 II形为以下优选实施例。
优选实施例 选场
本实施例中, 将根据具体的 DNP极化物的结构特征, 选择优化 DNP的 最佳磁场。 由于氮氧自由基化学结构稳定、 安全, 常是用来作为理想的 DNP 极化物之一。 在溶液中, 该 DNP极化物在室温下有可分辨的超精细结构 EPR 谱线, 两个 EPR谱线之间的距离就是各向同性的超精细偶合频率 A。 这就可 以确定获得优化的 DNP, 进而增强 NMR和 MRI的信号灵敏度所需要的最佳 磁场强度。 溶液中氮氧自由基的运动平均超精细偶合频率可以直接用 EPR实 验准确测量, 可根据上述 MRC1和 MRC3 (MRC3中令 m=l ) 分别计算等到 两个对应优化 DNP的外加磁场 B的最佳强度,即获得最佳磁场 (采用 MRC1 和 MRC3优化磁场相对比较容易, 另外, 一般实施单 EPR激发比采用双 EPR 激发容易)。如忽略氮核 14N (使用氮核 14N与氮核 15N的方法相同)的核四极 矩偶合, 这些计算结果见表 1。 根据 MRC1和 MRC3得到外加磁场 B的具体 表示公式为:
B = A ( 1 )
2(Yn+Yc)
(2)
内壳核 A (MHz) 计算出的可优化 DNP的磁场 (高斯)
14N 46 MHz 5,038.0 5,822.9 10,804.2
15N 68 MHz 7,250.7 8,886.5 15,971.4 在上述计算中,使用了三个不同核的旋磁比,分别是质子的旋磁比 42.576 MHz/T; 氮核 14N的旋磁比 3.077 MHz/T; 氮核 15N的旋磁比 4.316 MHz/T。 例如, 由表 1可知, 根据公式(1 )、 (2)计算得到的对应于使用 14N氮氧自由 基为 DNP极化物的最佳磁场分别为 5038高斯、 5822.9高斯和 10804.2高斯; 当然也可以进一歩通过考虑核四极矩偶合修正最佳磁场, 或直接用扫场的方 法实际测量最佳磁场 (当 DNP放大倍数最高时, 即为最佳磁场)。
这些根据多重共振条件计算出的最佳磁场位置分布在 0.5T和 1.6T之间, 正好是许多中低场 NMR和临床 MRI仪器所采用的磁场范围。 可见, 对于使 用稳定无毒的氮氧自由基, 以及这类自由基的所有衍生物, 作为 DNP极化物 的 NMR和 MRI研究和仪器设计,可以按照表 1的数据,重新优化磁场选择, 从而进一歩增强基于 DNP的 NMR和 MRI信号灵敏度。
另外, 在图 4、 图 5和图 6中, 用图示的方法分别表示了在内壳核与目 标核的旋磁比之比大于 1、小于 1和等于 1情况下,通过将目标核的 NMR跃 迁频率分别与 DNP极化物的超精细偶合频率 A和内壳核的 ENDOR频率匹配 (即 MRC1和 3,且 m=l的情况),来实现优化 DNP所需选定的最佳磁场(在 横轴下方用星号表示); 如图 6所示, 当 DNP极化物未配对电子附近的内壳 核和样品中目标核相同的情况下, 最佳磁场可以以下公式确定, 该公式为令 MRC1中的 γη = Ye后变形得到:
YnB = ^ ( 3 )
对于质子作为目标核来说, 当 DNP极化物中未配对电子与内壳核的超精 细偶合频率 Α大约在 60 MHz时, 目标核的 NMR跃迁频率为 60/4= 15MHz。 因此, 该 DNP极化物就可以用于磁场在 0.35T的 X波段的 DNP设备, 但具 体的磁场可以按公式 (3 ) 或实验定量确定。 这种方法可以应用于测量固体中 的距离未配对电子较远的单核 NMR信号。
优选实施例 2: 极化物与样品分离
本实施例中, 借助于脉泽效应优化 DNP , 实现样品与极化物在同一 EPR 共振腔中分离。 如图 3所示, 具体来说, 图 3 ( a) 表示极化物的四个能级中 粒子数分布在使用 EPR饱和前后的变化; 由于饱和最低能级与最高能级之间 的 EPR, 造成对应两个 ENDOR频率能级之间的粒子数反转 (通过采用脉冲 序控制开关 4、 静磁场部件 1和 Helmholtz线圈 2采用脉冲、 连续波和磁场调 制等方法使样品中极化物的 EPR谱中的一条 EPR谱线或两条 EPR谱线的同 时饱和, 即可以产生粒子数反转); 图 3 (b )表示在两个不同磁场可测到的样 品中目标核的 NMR信号, 由于 DNP作用, 目标核的 NMR信号被放大; 若 两个 NMR跃迁频率分别与极化物的两个 ENDOR频率匹配, 则使目标核的 NMR信号在受到极化物中受激辐射影响而被放大, 从而实现 DNP优化; 图 3 (c)表示优化与未优化的 DNP放大倍数与目标核 NMR信号频率的关系; 两 个波峰表示当满足上述频率匹配条件时, DNP放大倍数的变化。 因此, 对于 电子自旋 S=l/2和内壳核自旋 1= 1/2的电子核偶合形成的 4能级系统, 在完 全饱和 DNP极化物的最高能级和最低能级之间的 EPR跃迁条件下,可出现两 个 ENDOR频率处的粒子数反转。 另外, 也可以采用脉冲 EPR或绝热快通过 方法更有效地获得粒子数反转, 以进一歩优化 DNP, 使用单频的 EPR激发波 源 3 连续激发, 同时使用适当的高频磁场调制, 就可以实现绝热快通过。 由 于这与脉泽 (受激辐射微波放大) 原理相似, 因此, 样品中频率与内壳核的 ENDOR频率相同的 NMR信号可以得到放大。 类比红宝石脉泽, 只要 DNP 极化物和 NMR或 MRI样品处于同一 EPR共振腔中,就可以放大微弱的 NMR 信号。 因此可以把 DNP极化物放置于样品周围, 而无需将 DNP溶解到样品 中, 从而消除 DNP极化物对样品中分子的影响。 这种 DNP技术适合于不能 添加 DNP极化物的样品。
优选实施例 3: 超低磁场的应用
本实施例中, 提出多重共振条件在超低磁场的应用, 包括地球磁场 (大 约 50 μ Τ)。对于如电子自旋 S=l/2, 内壳核自旋 1=1的 DNP极化物, 比如 14N 氮氧自由基, 其能级分裂图如图 8所示, 当未配对电子感受到的超精细偶合 有效磁场与外磁场相近或大于外磁场时, 电子和内壳核的跃迁可能出现谱线 部分重叠或无法区分 (即此区域电子的跃迁频率和内壳核的跃迁频率差小于 线宽), 比如图 8 (b) 和 8 (c)所示(图 8 (b) 中的虚线表示选定的磁场, T 代表不同能级之间的跃迁, 图 8 (c)表示高场中电子的 EPR跃迁频率与内壳 核的 NMR跃迁频率在超低场出现谱线部分重叠)。 由于交叉驰豫, 在此超低 磁场区域激发 DNP极化物中未配对电子, 内壳核也将同时或交替被激发, 反 之亦然。 为了促使电子和内壳核的极化转移到样品中的目标核, 可同时采用 Hartmann-Hahn双激发、 双共振条件, SP, 将 DNP极化物中未配对电子附近 内壳核的 Rabi频率 o)eR与样品中目标核的 Rabi频率 o)nR匹配 (具体可见上述 对 MRC7的说明, 其中, Βίη)、 Β^)与相应 EPR激发波源 3在样品附近功率 的平方根成正比)。 本实施例中使用的多重共振条件与 Hartmann-Hahn条件的不同之处在于: 内壳核同未配对电子存在强偶合, 两者可以在同一频率被极化。 该实施例的 优点之一是在超低磁场范围的同一固定磁场增强基于 DNP的 NMR和 MRI的 信号灵敏度, 而无需使用在两个不同的磁场分别完成 DNP极化转移和 NMR 或 MRI信号测量的磁场循环方法。
优选实施例 4: 双 EPR跃迁激发
本实施例中阐述了如何将多重共振条件与双 EPR激发技术结合。 如图 Ί 所示 (图 7中^和^分别表示两个可激发 EPR的微波频率, 在这里, 假设微 波频率带宽大于超精细偶合频率 A, 但其实实际使用的是同一个微波源), 具 体来说, 就是将两个激发不同 EPR跃迁的相干的 EPR激发波源 3的频率差 A mw同时与 DNP极化物的超精细偶合频率 A以及样品中目标核的 NMR跃 迁频率0½匹配。 借助两个相干 EPR激发波源 3的差频, 可以使样品中的目标 核获得共振极化。 例如, 使用 15N氮氧自由基作为 DNP极化物为, 其溶液中 的各向同性超精偶合频率 A为 68MHz。 根据上述表 1, 可将最佳磁场固定在 1.5971T, 并选用频率差为该 68 MHz的双频 EPR共振腔, 采用有一定带宽的 EPR激发波源 3。使用双 EPR跃迁的目的在于使 EPR共振腔中呈现在两 EPR 跃迁的频率差呈现交差极化 (交叉极化是指两个 EPR跃迁之间的极化转移。 一般的 DNP是自发的, 而本发明提出的 DNP是受激的, 因此, 同时激发两 个 EPR跃迁, 会使极化物内出现受激交叉极化转移。 通过选择磁场, 使目标 核的 NMR信号的频率匹配两个 EPR跃迁频率差, 正好就是极化物内电子与 内壳核的交叉极化频率, 从而实现了受激 DNP ) , 同时所有的目标核也在同样 的频率通过自旋扩散获得电子的极化。
综上所述, 本发明可以根据多重共振条件, 对设备可控参数进行优化, 参数包括磁场、 单 EPR激发波源的场振幅、 双 EPR激发的微波频率差、 微 波场振幅差等, 特别是可以根据多重共振条件, 选择一个最佳磁场, 在该最 佳磁场下, 通过调节 EPR激发波源输出功率和 EPR共振腔的共振频率, 以优 化电子到目标核的极化转移, 从而实现优化 DNP , 即获取 DNP的最大放大倍 数,进而增强核磁信号灵敏度的目的,并且为研制 DNP设备中选择磁场和 EPR 激发频率提供了依据。 未来的 DNP技术和设备开发商既可以根据现有的极化 物, 比如氮氧自由基, 研制磁场和 ERR激发装置, 同时也可以按固定的磁场 选择或合成具有适合的超精细偶合频率的 DNP极化物。
以上所述的, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并非用以限定本发明的范围, 本发明的上述实施例还可以做出各种变化。 即凡是依据本发明申请的权利要 求书及说明书内容所作的简单、 等效变化与修饰, 皆落入本发明专利的权利 要求保护范围。 本发明未详尽描述的均为常规技术内容。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述设备包括: 用于探测样品中电子极化和目标核的 NMR信号的多用探头;
对称布置在所述多用探头的两侧的静磁场部件;
对称布置在所述静磁场部件与多用探头之间的 Helmholtz线圈; 与所述多用探头连接的环行器;
与所述环行器连接、 用于激发所述样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁的 EPR激 发单元;
依次与所述环行器连接的检波器和 EPR信号放大器;
与所述多用探头连接、 用于激发和采样样品中目标核的 NMR信号的 RF 驱动接收单元;
与所述静磁场部件和 Helmholtz线圈连接的电源; 以及
通过接口部件与所述 EPR激发单元、 EPR信号放大器、 RF驱动接收单元 以及电源连接的中心控制单元。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述 多用探头包括用于装载所述样品的 EPR共振腔和设置在 EPR共振腔外围的 NMR探头。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述 EPR激发单元包括依次连接的至少一个 EPR激发波源、开关和功率放大 器, 且所述功率放大器与环行器连接。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述 EPR激发波源的数量为两个。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述 两个 EPR激发波源为频率相同、 振幅不同的相干波源。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述 中心控制单元通过接口部件与所述开关连接。
7、 根据权利要求 1、 2、 4、 5或 6所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特 征在于, 所述设备还包括连接在所述检波器和接口部件之间的显示器。
8、 根据权利要求 Ί所述的优化 DNP的磁共振设备, 其特征在于, 所述 设备还包括与所述接口部件连接的存储部件。
9、 一种基于权利要求 1所述的磁共振设备的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征 在于, 所述方法包括以下歩骤:
歩骤一,激发样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁,测量样品中极化物的 EPR谱, 确定所述极化物自旋系统和所述磁共振设备中的带有设备参数的特征频率; 歩骤二, 匹配所述极化物自旋系统和所述磁共振设备中的带有设备参数 的特征频率中的两个或两个以上的特征频率, 获得多重共振条件, 并根据多 重共振条件, 所述确定所述设备参数的最佳值;
歩骤三, 激发所述样品中目标核的 NMR信号, 并保持激发样品中极化物 的 EPR跃迁, 使所述样品中目标核的 NMR信号通过 DNP进行放大;
歩骤四, 调节所述磁共振设备的设备参数达到所述最佳值, 优化所述样 品中目标核的 NMR信号的放大倍数。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述特征频 率包括: 极化物中电子的 EPR跃迁频率、 样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率、 极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率、极化物中电子的 Rabi频率、 极化物中内壳核的 Rabi频率、样品中目标核的 Rabi频率、极化物中未配对电 子与内壳核的超精细偶合频率、 电子与电子之间的偶极偶合频率、 极化物中 电子的 EPR跃迁频率与 EPR激发频率差、 两个 EPR跃迁频率之差、 两个激 发不同 EPR跃迁的 EPR激发频率之差以及极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述歩骤 二包括: 将所述极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率和样品中目 标核的 NMR跃迁频率匹配, 获得多重共振条件。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述歩骤 二包括: 同时将所述极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率、 样品 中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率和极化物中电子的 Rabi频率匹配, 获得多重共振 条件。
13、 根据权利要求 10所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述歩骤 二包括: 将所述极化物中未配对电子附近内壳核的 ENDOR频率和 /或极化物 中未配对电子与内壳核的超精细偶合频率, 或该超精细偶合频率的整数倍, 与样品中目标核的 NMR跃迁频率匹配, 获得多重共振条件。
14、 根据权利要求 10所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述歩骤 一包括采用两个所述 EPR激发波源分别激发样品中极化物的电子和内壳核的 跃迁; 所述歩骤二包括将所述极化物中内壳核的 Rabi频率和样品中目标核的 Rabi频率匹配, 获得多重共振条件。
15、 根据权利要求 10所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述歩骤 一包括采用所述两个相干的 EPR激发波源分别激发样品中极化物的电子的跃 迁, 确定所述极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差, 且所述两个 EPR激发波源的频 率相同; 所述歩骤二包括将所述极化物中电子的 Rabi频率之差和样品中目标 核的 NMR跃迁频率匹配, 获得多重共振条件。
16、根据权利要求 9-15中任意一项所述的优化 DNP的方法,其特征在于, 所述方法还包括: 饱和所述样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁, 以在极化物的电子与 内壳核的偶合系统中实现粒子数反转。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的优化 DNP的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法 中饱和所述样品中极化物的 EPR跃迁, 包括通过脉冲序控制所述开关, 使所 述样品中极化物的 EPR谱中的一条 EPR谱线或两条 EPR谱线的同时饱和。
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