WO2012126271A1 - 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置 - Google Patents

电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012126271A1
WO2012126271A1 PCT/CN2012/000309 CN2012000309W WO2012126271A1 WO 2012126271 A1 WO2012126271 A1 WO 2012126271A1 CN 2012000309 W CN2012000309 W CN 2012000309W WO 2012126271 A1 WO2012126271 A1 WO 2012126271A1
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Prior art keywords
reactive power
power compensation
reactive
electrified railway
railway traction
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PCT/CN2012/000309
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅光祖
史广福
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山西广福工程技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2012126271A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012126271A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1864—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • B60M3/02—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power with means for maintaining voltage within a predetermined range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle

Definitions

  • Reactive power compensation device for electrified railway traction substation
  • the invention relates to a reactive power compensation technology for an electrified railway traction power supply system, in particular to a reactive power compensation device for an electrified railway traction substation.
  • the electrified railway traction generally adopts single-phase 27. 5kV power supply, which constitutes an asymmetric load on the three-phase symmetric power system.
  • the electric traction adopts a rectifying locomotive, which consumes hysteresis and reactive power during operation, and generates odd-order harmonic currents, which causes the traction locomotive to operate with low power factor and cause harmonic pollution to the power system.
  • the frequent shifting operation of the electric locomotive and the randomness and rushing out of the locomotive load make the PCC point voltage of the power system sag frequently, which seriously affects the power quality of the power supply grid and its normal operation. In view of this, it is necessary to perform reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression on the electrified railway traction power supply system.
  • the main measure of reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of the electrified railway traction power supply system is to install a reactive power compensation device on the side of the load (27.5 kV).
  • the existing reactive power compensation devices mainly include passive filter device (FC:), high voltage thyristor switching capacitor bank (TSC), phase-controlled reactance type SVC (TCR+FC), magnetron reactance type SVC (MSVC) or static Power generator (SVG), active filter (APF), etc.
  • the passive filter device is composed of a power capacitor and a reactor combined into a 3rd and 5th filter branch, the disadvantage of which is that it cannot adapt to the rapidly changing impact load, and exists A large number of reactive power dumping phenomena, a large amount of reactive power is reversed, the average power factor is reduced, and the power supply voltage is seriously fluctuated, and the power loss is increased.
  • the phase-controlled reactance type compensating device is composed of a plurality of thyristors connected in series to form a valve group.
  • the existing electrified railway traction power supply system reactive power compensation device In order to be unable to adapt to the rapidly changing load, unable to stabilize the supply, 3 ⁇ 4 voltage, poor operational reliability, and high cost, it is necessary to invent a load that can adapt to rapid changes, stabilize the supply voltage, operate reliably, and be inexpensive.
  • Reactive power compensation device for electrified railway traction power supply system In order to be unable to adapt to the rapidly changing load, unable to stabilize the supply, 3 ⁇ 4 voltage, poor operational reliability, and high cost, it is necessary to invent a load that can adapt to rapid changes, stabilize the supply voltage, operate reliably, and be inexpensive.
  • the invention provides a reactive power compensation for an electrified railway traction substation in order to solve the problem that the reactive power compensation device of the existing electrified railway traction power supply system cannot adapt to the rapidly changing load, the power supply voltage cannot be stabilized, the operation reliability is poor, and the cost is high.
  • the invention is realized by the following technical solutions:
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation including the special single-phase transformer and the box power distribution device; the installation in the box power distribution device's several groups of contact devices and capacitors
  • the reactive compensation branch formed by connecting the reactors in series, the two ends of each group of reactive power compensation branches are connected to the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer.
  • the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer can have various structural deformations according to actual needs.
  • the primary side voltage of the special single-phase transformer is the supply voltage (such as 27. 5kV)
  • the secondary side voltage is the same as the voltage required by the reactive compensation branch
  • the voltage required by the reactive compensation branch is the capacitor and the contact device.
  • the reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression of the electrified railway traction power supply system are all carried out through the reactive power compensation branch.
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation according to the present invention has the following advantages: 1.
  • the secondary side voltage is a capacitor and
  • the comprehensive cost-effective voltage of the non-contact switch makes full use of the advantages of the comprehensive cost performance of the capacitor and the contact device, effectively reducing the cost of the device; 2.
  • the special single-phase transformer can have multiple windings as needed, and can be connected to different filtering times. Filter, fixed and dynamic reactive power compensation, fixed reactive power compensation using contactor switching, dynamic reactive power compensation using contactless switching; 3.
  • Power distribution The device is a box structure, which can be installed indoors and outdoors together with special single-phase transformers. The construction speed is fast and the construction period is short. 4. It can quickly adapt to load changes, effectively increase the load power factor, and do not generate reactive power to the grid. 5.
  • the reactive power compensation branch circuit capacitor and the reactor are connected in series, which can constitute 3, 5, 7 times and other filters according to the need of suppressing harmonics, thereby effectively suppressing part of the harmonic current; 6.
  • the device itself does not generate during operation. harmonic.
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation according to the present invention can not only adapt to the rapidly changing load, but also can stabilize the supply voltage, improve the load power factor, correct the load asymmetry, and suppress some of the higher harmonics. Injecting into the power grid; using the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation according to the present invention to perform reactive power compensation does not cause reactive power to be reversed to the power grid, so the operation reliability is high and the maintenance is simple.
  • the invention effectively solves the problem that the reactive power compensation device method of the existing electrified railway traction power supply system adapts to the rapidly changing load, the unstable supply voltage, the poor running reliability, and the high cost, and is suitable for the power supply system of the electrified railway traction power supply system. Power compensation and harmonic suppression.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the first structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the second structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the third structure of the present invention.
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation includes a special single-phase transformer 1 and a box power distribution device 2; a plurality of sets of contact devices and capacitors 3 are installed in the box power distribution device 2; The reactive power compensation branch of the reactor 4 is connected in series, and the two ends of each group of reactive power compensation branches are Connected to the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer 1;
  • the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer 1 comprises a set of windings, and the windings have intermediate taps; the ends of each group of reactive compensation branches are connected to the windings with intermediate taps;
  • the contact devices in each group of reactive power compensation branches are non-contact switches 5;
  • a knife-melt switch or circuit breaker
  • a zinc oxide surge arrester or a fuse
  • a fuse are connected in series between the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer and the reactive power compensation branch;
  • the reactive power compensation branch adopts the non-contact switch to cut, can quickly adapt to the load change, effectively improve the load power factor, and does not generate reactive power to the grid.
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation includes a special single-phase transformer 1 and a box power distribution device 2; a plurality of sets of contact devices and capacitors 3 are installed in the box power distribution device 2;
  • the reactive power compensation branch of the reactor 4 is connected in series, and both ends of each group of reactive power compensation branches are connected with the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer 1;
  • the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer 1 includes two sets of windings, one of which has an intermediate tap; the two ends of each group of reactive compensation branches are respectively connected to the two sets of windings;
  • the contact devices in each group of reactive power compensation branches are non-contact switches 5;
  • a knife-melt switch or circuit breaker
  • a zinc oxide surge arrester or a fuse
  • a fuse are connected in series between the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer and the reactive power compensation branch;
  • the reactive power compensation branch adopts the non-contact switch to cut, can quickly adapt to the load change, effectively improve the load power factor, and does not generate reactive power to the grid.
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation includes a special single-phase transformer 1 and a box power distribution device 2; a plurality of sets of contact devices are installed in the box power distribution device 2, a reactive power compensation branch formed by connecting capacitor 3 and reactor 4 in series, and both ends of each group of reactive power compensation branches are connected to the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer 1;
  • the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer 1 includes two sets of windings, one of which has an intermediate tap; the two ends of each group of reactive compensation branches are respectively connected to the two sets of windings;
  • the contact means in the sets of reactive compensation branches connected to the windings with intermediate taps are contactless switches 5, which are in contact with the contact means in the remaining sets of reactive compensation branches connected to the windings with intermediate taps 6, the contact devices in each group of reactive compensation branches connected to another set of windings are contactless switches 5;
  • a knife-melt switch or circuit breaker
  • a zinc oxide surge arrester or a fuse
  • a fuse are connected in series between the secondary side of the special single-phase transformer and the reactive power compensation branch;
  • the reactive power compensation branch adopts contactor switching to perform fixed reactive power compensation, and the non-contact switch is used for dynamic reactive power compensation.
  • the reactive power compensation device of the electrified railway traction substation sends a switching command to the dynamic compensation branch after sampling and analyzing by the computer measurement and control protection system according to the reactive power demand of the electric load, from the compensation branch.
  • the intelligent contactless switch performs dynamic compensation of reactive power.

Description

电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电气化铁路牵引供电系统无功补偿技术， 具体是一种电气 化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置。
背景技术
电气化铁路牵引普遍采用单相 27. 5kV供电， 对三相对称电力系统构成 不对称负荷。 电力牵引采用整流型机车， 运行中消耗滞后性感性无功， 同 时产生奇次谐波电流， 致使牵引机车运行功率因数低， 并对电力系统造成 谐波污染。 此外电力机车的频繁换位操作启停以及机车负荷的随机性和冲 出性， 使电力系统 PCC点电压出现暂降十分频繁， 严重影响供电电网的电 能质量和自身的正常运行。 鉴于此， 需要对电气化铁路牵引供电系统进行 无功补偿和谐波抑制。 目前电气化铁路牵引供电系统的无功补偿与谐波抑 制的主要措施是在负荷 （27. 5kV ) 侧安装无功补偿装置。 现有的无功补偿 装置主要有无源滤波装置 （FC：)、 高压晶闸管投切电容器组 （TSC)、 相控电 抗型 SVC (TCR+FC) , 磁控电抗型 SVC (MSVC )或静止无功发生器 (SVG)、 有 源滤波器（APF)等， 其中， 无源滤波装置由电力电容器与电抗器组合成 3、 5次滤波支路， 其缺点是不能适应快速变化的冲击负荷， 存在大量无功倒送 现象， 大量倒送的无功电量会使平均功率因数下降， 同时导致供电电压严 重波动， 电能损耗增大； 相控电抗型补偿装置是由多只晶闸管串联组成阀 组， 其存在故障率高、 运行可靠性较差、 自身产生谐波的问题； 高压晶闸 管投切电容器组能适应快速变化的负荷， 但补偿的单组容量偏大， 导致供 电电压波动较大； 其余几种装置则普遍存在成本过高、 占地面积偏大、 性 价比低等问题。 综上所述， 现有电气化铁路牵引供电系统无功补偿装置存 在无法适应快速变化的负荷、 无法稳定供! ¾电压、 运行可靠性差、 以及成 本高的问题， 基于此， 有必要发明一种能够适应快速变化的负荷、 能够稳 定供电电压、 运行可靠且成本低廉的电气化铁路牵引供电系统无功补偿装 置。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有电气化铁路牵引供电系统无功补偿装置无法适应 快速变化的负荷、 无法稳定供电电压、 运行可靠性差、 以及成本高的问题， 提供了一种电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置。 .
本发明是采甩如下技术方案实现的： 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿 装置， 包括特种单相变压器、 以及箱体配电装置； 箱体配电装置内安装 ' 若干组由接触装置、 电容器、 电抗器串接而成的无功补偿支路， 各组无功 补偿支路的两端均与特种单相变压器的二次侧相连。 所述特种单相变压器 的二次侧根据实际需要可以有多种结构变形。
工作时，.特种单相变压器的一次侧电压为供电电压（如 27. 5kV)， 二次 侧电压与无功补偿支路要求的电压一致， 无功补偿支路要求的电压是电容 器与接触装置的综合性价比最佳的电压。 电气化铁路牵引供电系统的无功 补偿和谐波抑制均通过无功补偿支路进行。 与现有电气化铁路牵引供电系 统无功补偿装置相比， 本发明所述的电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置 具有如下优点： 一、 采用特种单相变压器， 使二次侧电压为电容器与无触 点开关的综合性价比最佳的电压， 充分利用电容器和接触装置的综合性价 比的优势， 有效降低了装置造价； 二、 特种单相变压器根据需要可有多个 绕组， 能接不同滤波次数的滤波器， 进行固定和动态无功功率补偿， 固定 无功补偿采用接触器投切， 动态无功补偿采用无触点开关投切； 三、 配电 装置为箱体结构， 可和特种单相变压器一起安装于户内外， 施工速度快， 建设周期短； 四、 能快速适应负荷变化， 有效提高负荷功率因数， 不发生 无功功率向电网倒送； 五、 无功补偿支路由电容器和电抗器串联而成， 可 按抑制谐波的需要， 构成 3、 5、 7次等滤波器， 从而有效抑制部分谐波电 流； 六、 装置本身运行中不产生谐波。 综上所述， 本发明所述的电气化铁 路牵引变电所无功补偿装置不仅能够适应快速变化的负荷， 而且能够稳定 供电电压， 提高负荷功率因数， 校正负荷不对称， 抑制部分高次谐波注入 电网； 采用本发明所述的电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置进行无功补 偿不会发生无功功率向电网倒送， 因此其运行可靠性很高且维护简单。
本发明有效解决了现有电气化铁路牵引供电系统无功补偿装置 法适 应快速变化的负荷、 无法稳定供电电压、 运行可靠性差、 以及成本高的问 题， 适用于对电气化铁路牵引供电系统供电系统进行无功补偿和谐波抑制。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的第一种结构示意图。
图 2是本发明的第二种结构示意图。
图 3是本发明的第三种结构示意图。
图中： 1-特种单相变压器， 2-箱体配电装置， 3-电容器， 4-电抗器， 5- 无触点开关， 6-接触器。
具体实施方式
实施例一
如图 1 所示， 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 包括特种单相变 压器 1、以及箱体配电装置 2;箱体配电装置 2内安装有若干组由接触装置、 电容器 3、 电抗器 4串接而成的无功补偿支路，各组无功补偿支路的两端均 与特种单相变压器 1的二次侧相连；
特种单相变压器 1 的二次侧包括一组绕组， 且绕组带有中间抽头； 各 组无功补偿支路的两端均与带有中间抽头的绕组相连；
各组无功补偿支路中的接触装置均为无触点开关 5 ;
具体实施时， 特种单相变压器的二次侧与无功补偿支路之间串接有刀 熔开关 （或断路器)、 氧化锌避雷器、 以及熔断器；
工作时， 无功补偿支路采用无触点开关投切， 能快速适应负荷变化， 有效提高负荷功率因数， 不发生无功功率向电网倒送。
实施例二
如图 2所示， 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 包括特种单相变 压器 1、以及箱体配电装置 2;箱体配电装置 2内安装有若干组由接触装置、 电容器 3、 电抗器 4串接而成的无功补偿支路， 各组无功补偿支路的两端均 与特种单相变压器 1的二次侧相连；
特种单相变压器 1 的二次侧包括两组绕组， 其中一组绕组带有中间抽 头； 各组无功补偿支路的两端均分别与两组绕组相连；
各组无功补偿支路中的接触装置均为无触点开关 5 ;
具体实施时， 特种单相变压器的二次侧与无功补偿支路之间串接有刀 熔开关 （或断路器）、 氧化锌避雷器、 以及熔断器；
工作时， 无功补偿支路采用无触点开关投切， 能快速适应负荷变化， 有效提高负荷功率因数， 不发生无功功率向电网倒送。
实施例三
如图 3所示， 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 包括特种单相变 压器 1、以及箱体配电装置 2;箱体配电装置 2内安装有若干组由接触装置、 电容器 3、 电抗器 4串接而成的无功补偿支路， 各组无功补偿支路的两端均 与特种单相变压器 1的二次侧相连；
特种单相变压器 1 的二次侧包括两组绕组， 其中一组绕组带有中间抽 头； 各组无功补偿支路的两端均分别与两组绕组相连；
与带有中间抽头的绕组相连的若干组无功补偿支路中的接触装置为无 触点开关 5，与带有中间抽头的绕组相连的其余各组无功补偿支路中的接触 装置为接触器 6，与另一组绕组相连的各组无功补偿支路中的接触装置均为 无触点开关 5 ;
具体实施时， 特种单相变压器的二次侧与无功补偿支路之间串接有刀 熔开关 （或断路器）、 氧化锌避雷器、 以及熔断器；
工作时， 无功补偿支路采用接触器投切进行固定无功补偿， 采用无触 点开关投切进行动态无功补偿。
在上述所有实施例中， 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置均根据用 电负荷无功功率需求， 通过计算机测控保护系统采样分析后对动态补偿支 路发出投切指令， 由补偿支路中的智能无触点开关完成无功功率的动态补 偿。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 其特征在于： 包括特种 单相变压器 （1 )、 以及箱体配电装置 （2); 箱体配电装置 （2) 内安装有若 干组由接触装置、 电容器 （3 )、 电抗器 （4) 串接而成的无功补偿支路， 各 组无功补偿支路的两端均与特种单相变压器 （1 ) 的二次侧相连。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 其特 征在于： 特种单相变压器 （1 ) 的二次侧包括一组绕组， 且绕组带有中间抽 头； 各组无功补偿支路的两端均与带有中间抽头的绕组相连。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 其特 征在于： 特种单相变压器 （1 ) 的二次侧包括两组绕组， 其中一组绕组带有 中间抽头； 各组无功补偿支路的两端均分别与两组绕组相连。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装 置， 其特征在于： 各组无功补偿支路中的接触装置均为无触点开关 （5 )。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置， 其特 征在于： 与带有中间抽头的绕组相连的若干组无功补偿支路中的接触装置 为无触点开关 （5 )， 与带有中间抽头的绕组相连的其余各组无功补偿支路 中的接触装置为接触器 （6)， 与另一组绕组相连的各组无功补偿支路中的 接触装置均为无触点开关 （5 )。
PCT/CN2012/000309 2011-03-21 2012-03-12 电气化铁路牵引变电所无功补偿装置 WO2012126271A1 (zh)

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