WO2012125055A1 - Système pour créer dans des bâtiments une atmosphère ayant une teneur réduite en oxygène - Google Patents

Système pour créer dans des bâtiments une atmosphère ayant une teneur réduite en oxygène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012125055A1
WO2012125055A1 PCT/RU2011/000151 RU2011000151W WO2012125055A1 WO 2012125055 A1 WO2012125055 A1 WO 2012125055A1 RU 2011000151 W RU2011000151 W RU 2011000151W WO 2012125055 A1 WO2012125055 A1 WO 2012125055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
room
nitrogen generator
nitrogen
cavity
membrane
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2011/000151
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Казбек Ансарович БОСТАНОВ
Екатерина Николаевна ГРИГОЛЕВИЧ
Виктор Федорович МИНЗАР
Татьяна Николаевна ЦЫГАНОВА
Original Assignee
Bostanov Kazbek Ansarovich
Grigolevich Ekaterina Nikolaevna
Minzar Viktor Fedorovich
Tsiganova Tatyana Nikolaevna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bostanov Kazbek Ansarovich, Grigolevich Ekaterina Nikolaevna, Minzar Viktor Fedorovich, Tsiganova Tatyana Nikolaevna filed Critical Bostanov Kazbek Ansarovich
Priority to PCT/RU2011/000151 priority Critical patent/WO2012125055A1/fr
Publication of WO2012125055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012125055A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/225—Multiple stage diffusion
    • B01D53/227—Multiple stage diffusion in parallel connexion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/026—Wafer type modules or flat-surface type modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/104—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/14—Specific spacers

Definitions

  • the field of technology relates to the field of gas separation, and more particularly to a technology for producing hypoxic gas mixtures (ie, with a low oxygen content and high nitrogen concentration) for their subsequent supply to closed rooms and containers.
  • Hypoxic gas mixtures are used in the most diverse fields of human activity, including: to reduce the fire and explosion hazard of various objects (with a decrease in oxygen concentration in the air to 15-12%, the probability of ignition of combustible substances decreases by 5- 10 times, which effectively solves the problem of ensuring fire and explosion safety, for example, when storing petroleum products in containers); to solve the problem of increasing the preservation of various objects during their storage by reducing the rate of oxidation of materials (for example, when storing a stock of books of historical value, paintings, various devices whose materials are prone to corrosion, etc.
  • hypoxic mixtures with a high nitrogen content at an oxygen concentration of less than 2% can be effectively used to extinguish a fire that has already arisen by quickly throwing it into the fire. Such mixtures can be pre-stored in a special receiver.
  • REPLACE ITS SHEET RULE 26 The prior art. There is a known technical complex for creating and maintaining an atmosphere with a low oxygen content in closed rooms, designed to supply a hypoxic mixture into the internal volume of a room in order to prevent and extinguish a fire inside it, presented in US Patents 5,799,652 of March 30, 1999, jN 5924419 from 07.20.1999 and From 5887439 from 01.09.1999.
  • the specified complex includes a nitrogen source - a nitrogen generator, which supplies nitrogen to rooms equipped with air conditioning, lock doors, devices to maintain a certain humidity and temperature, as well as a fixed oxygen concentration in the room air. All parameters are monitored, adjusted and maintained by an appropriate control system.
  • An exhaust pipe is provided in the room to release a hypoxic mixture into the outdoor atmosphere.
  • the well-known nitrogen generator works on the principle of short-cycle adsorption, based on different sorption activity of the sorbent with respect to oxygen and nitrogen. After certain short periods of time, in two adsorbers alternately working, there is an increase and then a decrease in air pressure, due to which it is divided into nitrogen and oxygen. Oxygen flow is discharged into the atmosphere, and nitrogen flows into the room. Gas separation occurs in one cycle by quickly switching valves within 40-90 seconds. The cycles are repeated in sequence.
  • the disadvantages of this invention are:
  • the closest analogue of the present invention is a technical complex for creating and maintaining in a closed room atmosphere with a low oxygen content according to US patent N ° 6314754 of 11/13/2001.
  • a nitrogen generator is used to form a hypoxic mixture, based on the use of selective permeability of air components - oxygen and nitrogen - through the walls of hollow polymer fibers.
  • the specified complex includes a nitrogen generator with an inlet pipe located outdoors, a pipeline for supplying a hypoxic mixture to the internal volume of the room, an air conditioning system for the gas mixture in the room with temperature and composition control by components, lock rooms with hermetic doors and management system.
  • the compressor compresses the outside air and delivers it into the hollow fibers of the nitrogen generator.
  • Oxygen seeping through the walls of the fibers into the interfiber space, enters the external atmosphere, and nitrogen is concentrated inside the fibers, which from the fibers enters the internal volume of the room intended to create and maintain a hypoxic atmosphere.
  • From the opposite wall of the room air is discharged from the internal volume through the discharge pipe equipped with a water lock.
  • the room is equipped with monitoring and measuring instruments and devices to maintain a certain humidity, temperature and a given oxygen concentration in the room. Regulation and maintenance of the set parameters of the indoor atmosphere of the room is carried out by the corresponding control system.
  • the present invention completely solves the technical problems of eliminating the above disadvantages of the prototype.
  • One of the main technical tasks is to prevent the penetration of atmospheric air into the room when the value of atmospheric pressure fluctuates even with insufficient tightness of the room.
  • the proposed technical solution allows to reduce capital costs associated with costly sealing of the room, as well as reduce energy consumption and extend the life of the nitrogen generator due to the operation of the latter for a shorter time. Consequently, both capital and energy costs are reduced.
  • the second technical problem is to reduce the time it takes to create a hypoxic mixture in a room. It is solved by ensuring
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) circulation of the hypoxic mixture in the process of its creation in the room.
  • a pipe connecting the internal volume of the room with the inlet pipe of the nitrogen generator is built into the wall of the room opposite the wall outside which the nitrogen generator is located.
  • a mixture with a nitrogen concentration higher than in air begins to enter the compressor inlet, which speeds up the process of creating a hypoxic mixture in a room by 1.5–2 times.
  • the third technical task is to remove harmful substances (sulfur dioxide - S0 2 , hydrogen sulfide - H 2 S, ammonia - NH 3 ) from the room air.
  • harmful substances sulfur dioxide - S0 2 , hydrogen sulfide - H 2 S, ammonia - NH 3
  • Harmful impurities accumulating in a hypoxic mixture, can interact with the components of paint and paper, which can cause darkening of paintings or destruction of paper.
  • the nitrogen generator is equipped with an additional membrane section, selective for harmful impurities, located between the inlet of the nitrogen generator and the outlet of the pipeline connecting the internal volume of the room and the inlet pipe of the nitrogen generator. During the circulation of the gas mixture, harmful substances are removed and discharged into the outside atmosphere.
  • flat cells can be placed directly in the nitrogen generator on the basis of a flat gas-permeable membrane, selective for oxygen, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a complex for creating and maintaining a hypoxic atmosphere in enclosed spaces.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a complex designed to create and maintain a hypoxic atmosphere in room 1, which includes a nitrogen generator 2 based on hollow gas separation fibers or flat
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) asymmetric membrane and receiver 3, designed to build up a stock of highly concentrated nitrogen, which is necessary to extinguish a fire when objects stored indoors are ignited.
  • the room is equipped with air conditioning 4, which maintains a certain temperature, a system for measuring all parameters of the gas medium and temperature 5, and lock doors 6, which exclude atmospheric air entering the room. This eliminates the change in the set parameters for the composition of the gas mixture and temperature.
  • an additional membrane section 7 was used based on gas separation membranes that are highly selective for the above mentioned impurities.
  • a screw type compressor 8 is installed at the inlet of the additional membrane section.
  • the set 9 assembled in a package is located outside the room, including flat hollow membrane cells 10 located in the pipe 1 segment 1. Between the membrane cells there are hollow spacers 12, due to which the entire volume of the set of cells 9 is divided into atmospheric pressure bands and vacuum. To create a vacuum in the inner cavity of the membrane cells provides a vacuum pump 13.
  • the pipelines are equipped with control valves 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19.
  • the vacuum cavity of the set of membrane cells 9 is connected by a conduit 20 to a vacuum pump 13.
  • An intercellular cavity (atmospheric pressure cavity) is connected on one side through valve 14 to the internal volume of the room, and the other to the atmosphere.
  • the internal volume of the premises communicates with the suction pipe of the compressor 8, and the air outlet from
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) premises (through the valve 15) is located opposite the nitrogen input from the nitrogen generator 2 (through the valve 15).
  • the complex includes a system 22 of measuring and controlling the parameters of creation, and maintaining certain values of the gas composition, temperature and humidity in the room.
  • the complex operates as follows.
  • the control system 22 is switched on, at its command, the fans 19, 18, 15 are partially opened and the valve 14 is completely opened.
  • the compressor 8 starts working.
  • oxygen which predominantly penetrates through the membrane, is discharged into the external atmosphere, and a gas mixture enriched with nitrogen is formed above the membrane.
  • Nitrogen through valve 18 enters room 1, mixes with air and exits through valve 15 into pipeline 21 and enters the suction pipe of compressor 8.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) (sulfur dioxide - S0 2 , hydrogen sulfide - H 2 S, ammonia - NH 3 ).
  • the control system 22 turns off the compressor 8 and closes the valves 19, 18 and 15.
  • control system 22 After creating the gas medium, the control system 22 opens the valve 16 and turns on the vacuum pump 13. By creating a pressure differential over the membranes of the cells 10 in the set of membrane cells 9, the air entering it is enriched with nitrogen, and the air enriched with oxygen leaves through the vacuum pump 13 into the atmosphere.
  • the gaseous medium enters the atmosphere through a set of membrane cells 9. If the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure in room 1, then the atmospheric air passing through the set of membrane cells 9 is enriched with nitrogen and enters the room 1. Thus, the set of membrane cells 9 performs the function of a nitrogen shutter, preventing atmospheric air from entering the room 1.
  • the gaps between the membrane cells 10 are from 1 to 3 mm, and the total free passage area of the pipe section 1 1, in which the set of membrane cells 9 is located, is at least 300 cm, it can be guaranteed that atmospheric air will get larger partly not through narrow slots and gaps in the structural elements of room 1, but through a set of membrane cells 9, which has a lower hydraulic resistance. At the same time, air entering the set of membrane cells 9 and moving between the membrane cells 10 due to the pressure drop across the membranes created by the vacuum pump 13 will automatically be enriched with nitrogen.
  • the proposed invention in a complex for creating and maintaining a hypoxic atmosphere in confined spaces additionally provides a receiver 3, designed to fill it with nitrogen with
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) concentration of 97-99% using a nitrogen generator 2. Its volume depends on the volume of the room. Receiver 3 is designed to extinguish a fire in the event of a sharp (sudden, emergency) depressurization of a room and the occurrence of a fire. In this case, the receiver 3 quickly releases nitrogen into the flame zone and extinguishes the fire.
  • the present invention can be implemented on the basis of well-known technical means, structural materials, instrumentation, software, and does not require detailed study of individual units and parts, which can be done when designing specific objects using standard methods.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la séparation des gaz et plus particulièrement aux techniques de production de mélanges gazeux hypoxiques que l'on envoie ensuite dans des bâtiments ou des volumes clos. Le système comprend un générateur d'azote utilisant des fibres creuses de séparation des gaz ou une membrane asymétrique, et un récepteur (3) servant à former une réserve d'azote à haute concentration nécessaire à l'extinction d'incendies lors de l'embrasement d'objets conservés dans le bâtiment. Le bâtiment comprend un conditionneur (4), un système de mesure de tous les paramètres du milieu gazeux, et des portes étanches (6). A l'extérieur d bâtiment se trouve sous forme d'un bloc un ensemble (9) comprenant des cellules membraneuses creuses et planes (10) disposées dans une fente du tube (11). Entre les cellules membraneuses se trouvent des inserts espaceurs creux (12), ce qui permet de diviser le volume global de l'ensemble de cellules (9) en des cavités à pression atmosphériques et sous vide. Afin de créer le vide dans la cavité interne des cellules membraneuses, on utilise une pompe à vide (13). Des conduits comportent des vannes de régulation (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). La cavité sous vie de l'ensemble de cellules membraneuses (9) est connectée par un conduit (20) à la pompe à vide (13). La cavité intercellulaire (cavité à pression atmosphérique) est connectée d'un côté par une valve (14) au volume interne du bâtiment et, de l'autre côté, avec l'air libre. L'invention permet d'exclure la pénétration d'air atmosphérique dans le bâtiment en cas d'oscillation de la valeur de pression atmosphérique même dans le cas d'un bâtiment insuffisamment étanche.
PCT/RU2011/000151 2011-03-11 2011-03-11 Système pour créer dans des bâtiments une atmosphère ayant une teneur réduite en oxygène WO2012125055A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2011/000151 WO2012125055A1 (fr) 2011-03-11 2011-03-11 Système pour créer dans des bâtiments une atmosphère ayant une teneur réduite en oxygène

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2011/000151 WO2012125055A1 (fr) 2011-03-11 2011-03-11 Système pour créer dans des bâtiments une atmosphère ayant une teneur réduite en oxygène

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WO2012125055A1 true WO2012125055A1 (fr) 2012-09-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9737740B2 (en) 2012-01-15 2017-08-22 Alan Beresford Temperature-control system and method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6314754B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2001-11-13 Igor K. Kotliar Hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression systems for computer rooms and other human occupied facilities
US20060213673A1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2006-09-28 Kotliar Igor K Method of preventing fire in computer room and other enclosed facilities
RU2301095C2 (ru) * 2000-04-17 2007-06-20 Игорь К. КОТЛЯР Предотвращающие пожар и ликвидирующие пожар системы и пригодные для дыхания огнегасящие составы с пониженным содержанием кислорода для занимаемых людьми помещений
EP1504811B1 (fr) * 2003-08-06 2009-04-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Récipient à pression contenant des modules à membrane transporteuse d'ions et des procédés impliquant cette installation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6314754B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2001-11-13 Igor K. Kotliar Hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression systems for computer rooms and other human occupied facilities
US20060213673A1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2006-09-28 Kotliar Igor K Method of preventing fire in computer room and other enclosed facilities
RU2301095C2 (ru) * 2000-04-17 2007-06-20 Игорь К. КОТЛЯР Предотвращающие пожар и ликвидирующие пожар системы и пригодные для дыхания огнегасящие составы с пониженным содержанием кислорода для занимаемых людьми помещений
EP1504811B1 (fr) * 2003-08-06 2009-04-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Récipient à pression contenant des modules à membrane transporteuse d'ions et des procédés impliquant cette installation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9737740B2 (en) 2012-01-15 2017-08-22 Alan Beresford Temperature-control system and method

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