WO2012121676A1 - Commande de largeur de bande dynamique de canaux pour la coexistence de réseaux - Google Patents

Commande de largeur de bande dynamique de canaux pour la coexistence de réseaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012121676A1
WO2012121676A1 PCT/SG2012/000077 SG2012000077W WO2012121676A1 WO 2012121676 A1 WO2012121676 A1 WO 2012121676A1 SG 2012000077 W SG2012000077 W SG 2012000077W WO 2012121676 A1 WO2012121676 A1 WO 2012121676A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
band
network
notification signal
communication system
notification
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PCT/SG2012/000077
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English (en)
Inventor
Qian Chen
Xiaoming Peng
Khiam Boon Png
Po Shin Francois Chin
Zhiwei Lin
Tung Chung David WONG
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Agency For Science, Technology And Research
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Application filed by Agency For Science, Technology And Research filed Critical Agency For Science, Technology And Research
Priority to CN201280022547.0A priority Critical patent/CN103548371B/zh
Publication of WO2012121676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012121676A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • Various embodiments generally relate to the field of dynamic bandwidth control of channels for network operations, in particular, Medium Access Control protocols for dynamic bandwidth control of channels for co-existence of networks.
  • China Wireless Personal Area Network is a standard working group in China under the China National Information Technology Standardization (NITS) to define a specification to operate in the 60GHz range as a wireless personal area network (WPAN) in China.
  • NITS National Information Technology Standardization
  • the released 60GHz spectrums in China and Australia are much smaller than those in other countries.
  • the released 60GHz spectrum in China covers 2 channels corresponding to channels 2 and 3 used in IEEE 802.11 ad and the released 60GHz spectrum in Australia corresponds to only channel 2 used in IEEE 802.11 ad.
  • MAC protocols generally involve the use of a IEEE 802.1 1 MAC beacon interval.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of beacon interval (BI) structure comprised of a BTI, an A-BFT, an AT, and two CBAPs and two SPs within DTT as specified in the IEEE P802.11ad/D2.0 Standard "Part 11 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz band," March 2010.
  • BI beacon interval
  • the beacon interval 100 in IEEE 802.1 lad MAC is mainly divided into 4 parts:
  • BTI Beacon transmission interval
  • beacon transmission interval (BTI) 104 a personal basic service set central point (PCP)/ access point (AP) transmits one or more DBand beacon frames via different sectors quasi-omni-ly.
  • Beacon frame carries network management information. Beacon frame also supports network synchronization function.
  • Beacon frame is used to as training frame for beamforming between PCP/AP and non-PCP/non-AP stations (STAs).
  • STA non-PCP/non-AP stations
  • A-BFT Association beamforming training
  • A-BFT 106 is to perform the initial beamforming training between PCP/AP and non-PCP/non-AP STAs.
  • A-BFT 106 is slotted and allows for multiple non-PCP/non-AP STAs to perform beamforming with PCP/AP concurrently in the same A-BFT 106.
  • PCP/AP schedules CBAP 110, 116 and service period (SP) 112, 1 14 allocations in the data transfer time (DTT) 102.
  • any frame may take place during a CBAP 1 10, 116 and a SP 1 12, 114, including application data frame transmission.
  • Access during CBAPs 110, 116 is based on a modified IEEE 802.1 1 EDCA operation that is fine-tuned for directional communications.
  • Access during SPs 112, 1 14 is scheduled and assigned to specific stations.
  • the present invention relates to a communication system comprising a network configured to operate in a first band; and a communication device of the network configured to send in a notification period a notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and a notification signal indicating that a second band is occupied, wherein the second band includes the first band or a part thereof.
  • the present invention relates to a communication device of a network, the communication device comprising a transmitter configured to transmit data using a second band or a first band in a data transfer period; a transceiver configured to send a notification signal indicating in a notification period that the first band is occupied and a notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied; and a controller configured to switch operations from the first band to the second band or from the second band to the first band to send the notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied.
  • the present invention relates to a method of coordinating operations of networks, the method comprising operating in a first band; and sending in a notification period a notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and a notification signal indicating that a second band is occupied, wherein the second band includes the first band or a part thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of beacon interval (BI) structure comprised of a beacon time interval (BTI), an association beamforming training time (A-BFT), an announcement time (AT), and two contention-based periods (CBAPs) and two service periods (SPs) within data transfer time (DTT) as specified in the IEEE P802.11ad/D2.0 Standard "Part 11 : Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz band," March 2011;
  • BTI beacon time interval
  • A-BFT association beamforming training time
  • AT announcement time
  • CBAPs contention-based periods
  • SPs service periods
  • DTT data transfer time
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary overview of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols/schemes, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 3(a) shows a schematic representation of a communication system, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 3(b) shows a schematic block diagram of a communication system, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a communication device, in accordance to various embodiments.
  • Figure 5 shows a band representation for the dynamic bandwidth control MAC technique, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a hidden personal basic service set central point/access point (PCP/AP) problem
  • Figure 7(a) shows an example of PCP/AP 1 operating in a large band and a station (STA) or device (which is later called PCP/AP 2 if it is successful in starting up a new network in a small band) joining the PCP/AP l's network and requests to split the existing large channel used by the existing network into two networks operating in two smaller bands, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • STA station
  • PCP/AP 2 device
  • Figure 7(b) shows an example of the MAC structure of virtual beacon interval (VBI) and small band beacon interval (SBBI), in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 7(c) shows an example how PCP/AP 1 expands its network bandwidth to operate from a small band into a large band if PCP/AP 2's network is detected as absent from the adjacent small band, in accordance to various embodiments;
  • Figure 8(a) shows a DBand Beacon frame format that can be used for the frames sent during NP, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 8(b) shows a DBand Beacon frame body, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 8(c) shows a Beacon Interval Control for frame sent during NP, in accordance to various embodiments
  • Figure 8(d) shows a Bitmap field format of CWPAN Channel Bandwidth, in accordance to various embodiments.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic block diagram of a method of coordinating operations of networks, in accordance to various embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary overview of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols/schemes 200 comprising protocols/schemes for dividing or splitting a channel (or band) 202, and combining or merging channels (or bands) 204, as well as for moving network operations from one channel (or band) to another 206, a communication terminal joining an exisiting network in a channel 208, a communication terminal starting a new network in a channel 210, coordinating transmissions of notification signals through a common spectrum band 212, providing fidelity of notification signals in a common spectrum band 214, and synchronizing quiet periods within the networks in the channels 216.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • a protocol may interchangably be referred to as a procedure.
  • a channel may interchangably be referred to as a band.
  • the MAC protocols 200 enable the support of a higher number of logical channels (bands) than the number of available large channels and enable the starting of a network according to a band plan when a channel is available.
  • large channels may be divided into many small channels (or bands), i.e., logical channels, so that many networks may become operational.
  • small channels or bands
  • the terms "large channel” and "small channel” are relative.
  • a large channel essentially has a wider bandwidth as compared to that of a small channel.
  • the bandwidth of a large channel may be but is not limited to two times (or double) the bandwidth of a small channel, or three times the bandwidth of a small channel, or four times the bandwidth of a small channel, or five times the bandwidth of a small channel, etc.
  • logical channel refers to a physical channel or may be associated with a physical channel.
  • logical channel may be used to distinguish the separate data streams, which are logically equivalent to channels in the conventional sense.
  • combining or merging channels (or bands) 204 the combination of a number of small channels to form a large channel is performed whenever it is possible to achieve a higher data rate. For example, this may happen when another network operating in a small band ceases operation.
  • the combination of a number of large channels to form a even larger channel is performed whenever it is possible to achieve a higher data rate. For example, this may happen when another network operating in a large band ceases operation.
  • the communication terminal or network device that wants to start operation in a channel is able to detect an existing network of the same type or of a different type in the channel (for example, as in the protocol for a communication terminal joining an exisiting network in a channel 208), and a communication terminal starting a new network in a channel (for example, as in the protocol for a communication terminal starting a new network in a channel 210) and be able to join this existing network or to move to another channel (for example, as in the protocol for moving network operations from one channel (or band) to another 206).
  • an existing network of the same type or of a different type in the channel for example, as in the protocol for a communication terminal joining an exisiting network in a channel 208
  • a communication terminal starting a new network in a channel for example, as in the protocol for a communication terminal starting a new network in a channel 210
  • the communication terminal or network device is further able to avoid any potential interference to the existing network if the new network device were to start operation of a new network.
  • the common spectrum band may be referred to as a common band channel.
  • quiet periods may be established within the networks operating in the other channel spectrum bands where its devices in their respective networks temporarily suspend all transmissions in their respective network's spectrum band.
  • synchronizing quiet periods of independent networks when the two or more networks are in operation with synchronization may be achieved through communications between devices in different networks either in the common spectrum band or other designated spectrum bands in which the devices may operate
  • a communication system is provided as shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b).
  • the communication system 300 comprises a network 302 configured to operate in a first band; and a communication device 306 of the network 302 configured to send in a notification period a notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and a notification signal indicating that a second band is occupied, wherein the second band includes the first band or a part thereof.
  • the first band may be but is not limited to the band 304 of Figure 3(a).
  • the second band may be but is not limited to the band 310 of Figure 3(a).
  • Another network 312 may be also operating in the second band (for example, the band 310 of Figure 3(a)).
  • a device 314 may wish to operate in the second band, for example, starting a new network in the second band.
  • the term "communication system” refers to a system providing communication services for devices therein.
  • the communication system may be any kind of communication or telecommunication system which enables the transfer of information either wireless or wired.
  • the communication system 300 may be wireless.
  • the term "communication device” may refer to a machine that assists data transmission, that is sending and/or receiving data information. Accordingly, the communication device may also be generally referred to as a node.
  • a communication device 306 may be, for example but is not limited to, a station, or a mobile station (MS), or a substation, or a port, or a mobile phone, or a cellular phone, or an access point, or a personal basic service set central point, etc.
  • the communication device 306 may comprise an access point or a personal basic service set central point or a piconet coordinator.
  • a plurality of communication devices may be referred to as a plurality of access points, or a plurality of personal basic service set central points, or a plurality of piconet coordinators.
  • the communication device may be a non access point or a non coordinator.
  • the term “network” generally refers to a wireless communication network.
  • the network 302 may be a communication network according to a 802.11 communication standard or a CWPAN communication standard or a DBand communication standard.
  • the term “network” also includes any method or medium for transmitting (or receiving) information from one node to another.
  • the network 302 is formed via a communication connection among nodes.
  • a "communication connection” may generally refer to a link to provide information transfer between one node and another node.
  • the term “DBand communication standard” or a DBand network refers to the DBand which exist in previous 802.1 lad draft standards.
  • network may sometimes be interchangably referred to as a "system”.
  • band refers a bandwidth of frequencies.
  • the term “band” may interchangably be referred to as a "channel”.
  • the band may also be referred to as channel band or band channel or band frequencies or frequency channel or frequency band.
  • band or “channel” may refer to an entire system bandwidth or a portion thereof.
  • a bandwidth is defined as the width of the range (or band) of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium, which may be a wireless medium.
  • Bandwidth may be expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component.
  • the first band or the second band may also be a sub-channel.
  • the term "notification signal” refers to a signal to inform or notify other devices.
  • the "notification signal” refers to a communication signal.
  • the notification signal may be a message, which may be a short information sent from one entity (node), for example, the communication device 306, to at least another one entity (node), for example, the other communication device in the other network, (e.g., network 312).
  • a notification signal may be a packet or a cluster or a cluster of packets.
  • a notification signal may comprise precisely formatted data that is sent and received by nodes and may represent a request, report, or an event.
  • the notification signal may be comprised in or encoded in or indicated in another signal or notification signal.
  • the term "send” may refer but is not limited to transmit or broadcast.
  • the communication device 306 may comprise a transceiver configured to send voice or data service.
  • the term “transceiver” refers to a combination transmitter/receiver.
  • a transceiver may be the transmitter and receiver combined into a single package.
  • a transceiver comprises both transmitting and receiving capabilities and functions.
  • the term “broadcast” refers to sending out the notification signal, which may be a beacon from one node over an area, i.e. to all or multiple communication devices (e.g. using the same radio communication technology, e.g. according to the same communication standard, as the communication terminal or being part of the same network as the communication device) located in the area.
  • “multiple”communication devices may refer to a subset of communication devices or terminals in the network.
  • notification period refers to a period of time allocated in the communication protocol to send the notification signal.
  • the term "indicating” includes, but is not be limited to, specifying, showing, implying, revealing, notifying, publishing, or registering.
  • occupied refers to the band having at least one network operating in it.
  • the term “occupied” may be referred to as “used” or “unavailable”.
  • Various embodiments may relate to dynamic bandwidth control medium access control (MAC) protocols for resolving co-existence of networks operating in overlapping frequency spectrum bands through recurring quasi-omni beacon frames to announce the presence of a network to another new communication terminal (or device) of the same network type or of different network type wanting to start up network operation in a common access frequency spectrum band.
  • MAC medium access control
  • devices may, depending on their capabilities, employ a plurality of mechanisms, for example, the MAC protocols 200 of Figure 2, to mitigate interferences between networks such as switching operation to other frequency bands (for example, the protocol for moving network operations from one channel (or band) to another 206 of Figure 2), joining the existing networks (for example, the protocol for a communication terminal joining an existing network in a channel 208 of Figure 2), using spatial beamforming or simply deferring transmission.
  • a plurality of mechanisms for example, the MAC protocols 200 of Figure 2
  • the existing networks for example, the protocol for a communication terminal joining an existing network in a channel 208 of Figure 2
  • the device may either join the existing network in the common band or one of the existing networks that operate in a channel band that reside or overlap the common band.
  • a device may first join the existing network in the common band and request to split the band into two small bands (for example, the protocol for dividing or splitting a channel (or band) 202 of Figure 2) that the existing network is currently occupying to start up a new network on its own.
  • This new device may be of the same network type of the existing network(s), or it may be of a different network type from that of the existing network in the band.
  • MAC protocols for detecting the absence of an existing network in a small band by the other existing network in an adjacent small band and expanding the remaining existing network in the small band to revert band to a common spectrum band may be as in the protocol for combining or merging channels (or bands) 204 of Figure 2. Further, it is a goal to avoid interference from other potential network(s) wanting to start up in the common spectrum band that is being occupied by networks operating in small bands.
  • the communication device 306 of the network 302 may be configured to switch operations from the first band to the second band, or from the second band to the first band to send the notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied.
  • switch may refer to a change between two states.
  • the switch may be dependent on the requirement of the various devices and networks in the communication system or in accordance to a protocol, for example, the MAC protocols 200 of Figure 2.
  • the operations from the first band to the second band, or the operations from the second band to the first band may be performed cyclically. This means that the switch may be reversible and/or may be repeated.
  • the second band may be a common band channel.
  • common band channel refers to a bandwidth of frequencies which is used by more than one network in a communication system.
  • Network A operates in channels CHI, CH2, and CH3 in a specific time while another network (Network B) operates in channels CH4, CH2 and
  • channel CH2 is the common band channel for
  • common band channel may refer to a channel or frequency channel in which a plurality of network operates.
  • a common band channel for example, the band 310, may comprise a plurality of channels and/or subchannels.
  • In the common band channel there may be channels with overlapping frequency bands.
  • the notification period may comprise a cycle time tracked by a timer in the second band.
  • cycle time refers to the time required or measured to complete one or more cycles.
  • a timer is a device (hardware) or an algorithm (software program) to monitor and track the time.
  • the timer may be an internal clock or time-keeper for the communication system.
  • the first band may be a common band channel.
  • the notification period may comprise a cycle time tracked by a timer in the first band.
  • the communication device of the network may be configured to switch operations from the first band to the second band, or from the second band to the first band within a guard interval.
  • guard interval is a period of time where during which no transmissions of data may be made by the devices within the respective networks.
  • a plurality of devices of the network may be configured to transmit data using the first band or the second band in which the network operates in a data transfer period.
  • transmissions of data may be made by the devices within the respective networks.
  • the communication device 306 of the network 302 may be configured to send the notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied when the plurality of devices in the network 302 suspends data transmission within the respective first band or second band in a quiet period.
  • the term "quiet period” may refer to a period of time where there is a discontinuity in the data transmission. In other words, there is a temporary suspension of data transmission.
  • the quiet period may comprise the notification period.
  • the communication system 300 may further comprise another network configured to operate in a third band; and a communication device of the other network configured to send in another notification period a notification signal indicating that the third network is occupied and a notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied, wherein the second band includes the third band or a part thereof.
  • the other network may be the network 312 of Figure 3(a).
  • the terms “network”, “operate”, “band”, “communication device”, “notification signal”, “indicating”, and “notification period” are as defined above.
  • the network and the other network may be of a same type.
  • the network and the other network may be of a different type.
  • the "type" of a network may be defined by communication standard adopted by the network.
  • the network may be of a CWPAN type or a DBand type.
  • Networks of the same type may be a CWPAN network and another CWPAN network in the band.
  • networks of different types may be a CWPAN network and a DBand network in the band.
  • the term "DBand network” is as defined above.
  • each may comprise a China Wireless Personal Area Network (CWPAN) network.
  • each may comprise a DBand network.
  • the notification period and the other notification period are consecutive periods.
  • consecutive is used to describe one following immediately after another.
  • the consecutive notification period and the other notification period may overlap in parts.
  • the consecutive notification period and the other notification period may encompass a space therebetween.
  • the notification signal of the other network comprises a timestamp for synchronizing the other network with the network.
  • timestamp may be used to denote an item of time information (e.g., the date or time) that defines a time (or temporal position) in relation to an origin in a given time reference and that is associated with a part of a signal (e.g., a unit of data such as an image, a set of data).
  • a timestamp may be associated with each image and corresponds to the position of this image in the sequence.
  • Timestamp may be based on but is not limited to timestamp parameters, for example, timestamp accuracy (i.e., to the denomination of seconds or minutes or hours); the amplitude of the timestamp; the minimum granularity for the detection (or decoding latency); robustness to errors; and the size of the information required to code the timestamp per image.
  • timestamp accuracy i.e., to the denomination of seconds or minutes or hours
  • amplitude of the timestamp i.e., to the denomination of seconds or minutes or hours
  • the minimum granularity for the detection (or decoding latency) robustness to errors
  • the size of the information required to code the timestamp per image for example, timestamp accuracy (i.e., to the denomination of seconds or minutes or hours); the amplitude of the timestamp; the minimum granularity for the detection (or decoding latency); robustness to errors; and the size of the information required to code the timestamp per image.
  • the communication device of the other network may be configured to send the notification signal indicating that the third band is occupied and the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied when a plurality of devices in the other network suspends data transmission within the third band in another quiet period.
  • the quiet period and the other quiet period occur simultaneously.
  • the quiet period and the other quiet period happen at the same time.
  • the other quiet period would also start from Time A to Time B.
  • the quiet period starts from Time A to Time B, and subsequently from Time C to Time D, where Time C and Time D are also arbitary time values
  • the other quiet period would also start from Time A to Time B, and subsequently from Time C to Time D. This simultaneous occurrence of the quiet period and the other quiet period is present for non-consecutive notification periods and for consecutive notification periods.
  • Dynamic Bandwidth Control technique under consideration in C WPAN is described below.
  • the assumption of the occupancy of the channels is based on a first-come-first-serve basis. If a network is operating in a channel, a device from another type of network cannot start its operation in the channel.
  • the network may be the network 302 of Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the channel may be the band 304 of Figure 3(a), and a device from another type of network may be the communication device 314 of Figure 3(a).
  • the network device is also assumed to be able to detect the beacons of an existing network of its own type as well as the beacons of an existing network of another type. Furthermore, it is assumed that the network device can operate in both a large band as well as a small band, while the network device of another type can operate only in a large band. In addition, the network device can operate in its own type of network as well as in the other type of network.
  • the large band may be but is not limited to the second band; and the small band may be but is not limited to the first band.
  • using a MAC algorithm for merging a small channel and an unoccupied small channel into a large channel, or the division of a large band into two or more small bands may refer to the MAC protocol 200 involving combining or merging channels (or bands) 204 of Figure 2, and dividing or splitting a channel (or band) 202 of Figure 2.
  • "Dividing/splitting" 202 and “combining/merging” 204 are non-permanent states of a channel, that is, a divided channel may eventually combine with another channel, or a combined channel may eventually be divided into a separate channel. Such states may be recurring states.
  • a new network device wants an existing network to be split or be divided into a small channel from a large channel, it would first join the existing network. This device then sends a command frame to the personal basic service set central point/access point (PCP/AP) of the existing network to request for the channel splitting.
  • PCP/AP personal basic service set central point/access point
  • a request data frame is used to do channel splitting or channel division. If the existing network decides to divide its large channel to a small channel, it informs all of its devices in the network, including that requesting device, through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a small operating channel.
  • a channel switch announcement information element may be used in the beacon to announce the switching to the new small channel.
  • a response data frame may also be sent to the requesting device which wants to start a new network.
  • the existing network suspends its operation in the large channel after a period of time. This period of time may be a predetermined period of time. Then, the existing network continues its operation as a new network and does the necessary procedures in a new small channel when the designated time to wait of the MAC protocols as described hereinabove and illustrated in Figure 2 has arrived. For examples, beamforming, association, new schedules for service periods (SPs) and contention-based periods (CBAPs), etc may be applicable.
  • SPs service periods
  • CBAPs contention-based periods
  • the requesting device which wants to start up another new network waits for the designated time to wait of the MAC protocols as described hereinabove before starting its network operation in its small band.
  • the requesting device needs to listen to the channel switch announcement IE in the beacon of the existing network.
  • the requesting device will start up its operation as a new PCP/AP of the new network in the small band as informed by the existing network in the existing large band through an IE in its beacon.
  • Other devices which want to join this new network in the other small channel may do so through standard beamforming and association procedures.
  • a PCP/AP of a network operating in a small channel periodically perform channel detection on its adjacent small channel which may potentially be used to form a large channel to improve performance if its network in the adjacent small band ceases operation. If a vacant adjacent small channel is detected, the PCP/AP may decide if it wants to expand its small channel to a large channel. If the existing network decides to expand its small channel to a large channel, it informs all of its devices in the network through its beacon time to change its operating channel to a large operating channel. The channel switch announcement information element (IE) may be used in the beacon to announce the channel switching to the new large channel. Then, the existing network suspends its operation after a period of time. Then, the existing network continues its operation as a new network and does the necessary procedures in the new large channel. For examples, beamforming, association, new schedules for service periods (SPs) and contention-based periods (CBAPs), etc may be applicable.
  • SPs service periods
  • CBAPs contention-based periods
  • coordinated notification signals sent in the common band channel or the common spectrum channel (for example, the band 310 of Figure 3(a)) by designated device of each network operating in its own channel band may take into consideration networks of devices operating within channel spectrum bands that form or overlap part of a common access frequency spectrum band (or interchangably referred to as the common spectrum band or common band channel) which is a legitimate spectrum band in a number of homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless networks.
  • networks of devices operating within bands that form or overlap part of a common access frequency spectrum band may be the communication terminals operating in the networks 302, 312 of Figure 3(a).
  • the devices in these networks of the same type are able to communicate with each other and the network protocols for initializing a new network fulfill the following requirements :- i)
  • the designated device or communication terminal usually the control terminal, which may be for example the communication terminal 300 of Figure 3(a) or 3(b)
  • the new network for example, the network 302 of Figure 3(a)
  • This designated device of the new network is able to maintain coordination and synchronization with the designated device of the existing network on the onset of either through joining the existing network or through listening to the notification signals in the common spectrum band of the existing network or otherwise.
  • such coordination and synchronization may involve coordinating transmissions of notification signals through a common spectrum band 212 and synchronizing quiet periods within the networks in the channels 216 of Figure 2.
  • the designated device of the new network starts the new network after communicating its intention to the control terminals of the existing networks.
  • a network that operates within channel spectrum bands that form or overlap part of the common spectrum band have a designated device (usually the PCP/AP or piconet coordinator (PNC)) with the necessary capabilities to send out coordinated recurring intermittent notification signals in the common spectrum band to announce the presence of the networks operating in other channel bands which form or overlap part of the common spectrum band as well as detecting the presence of other network(s) operating in similar channel band through the notification signals sent in the large bands.
  • PNC piconet coordinator
  • the notification signals are usually in the form of beacon frames of the different technologies or in a format that may be used across a number of homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless technologies to indicate a network occupying a common spectrum band or a mixture of occupancies of two or more networks in other channel bands which form or overlap part of the common spectrum band so as to facilitates minimal changes to the network start up scanning procedures of each type of network.
  • the time duration between two consecutive notification signals transmitted by a device should be shorter than the stipulated minimum scan time for devices to determine for example if the common spectrum band is occupied.
  • the terms "large band/channel” and "small band/channel” are relative.
  • a large channel (or band) essentially has a wider bandwidth as compared to that of a small channel (or band).
  • the bandwidth of a large channel may be but is not limited to two times (or double) the bandwidth of a small channel, or three times the bandwidth of a small channel, or four times the bandwidth of a small channel, or five times the bandwidth of a small channel.
  • a quiet period within each network may be established where all devices within its network temporarily suspend all transmissions in their respective network's channel spectrum band.
  • the designated devices of each network switch between transmissions in their own channel spectrum band, when operating within their native network, and the transmissions of the notification signals in the common spectrum band as well as listening to the notification signals sent in the common spectrum band by the designated devices of the other networks.
  • the period of time used to transmit the notification signals in the common band by the designated devices of each network is denoted as the notification period (NP) of the each network.
  • the quiet period and the notification period may be co-located and may have similar duration with the discrepancy being the time required to switch the operation of the designated devices between their networks' channel band and the common spectrum band and vice versa.
  • co-located refers being positioned in sufficiently proximity or located together.
  • the quiet periods of each network should be extended to include the notification periods of all the existing networks. All the different quiet periods of existing independent networks may be coordinated and synchronized such that whenever the notification signals are transmitted by the designated devices in the different networks, all other devices in these networks all suspend their transmission in which this duration is indicated as a quiet period in their respective networks. [00112] Moreover, the notification signals of the different networks are coordinated such that no collision would occur. It is noted that the notification signals transmissions of the different networks need not be consecutive and neither do the quiet periods need to be continuous. However, there are benefits for such allocation which are further described below with respect to the MAC protocols for quasi-omni beacon frames transmissions.
  • the frequency and relative location of the notification signals within each network may be (i) fixed and standardized for different homogeneous or heterogeneous wireless technologies; or (ii) fixed and determined by one of the designated device of a network; or (iii) dynamic and established by one of the designated device of a network.
  • the designated device of each network of the simultaneously operating but independent networks should be able to maintain synchronization with each other.
  • Synchronization requires the designation of one of the designated device of a network as the synchronization control terminal and the use of one of the following methods :- i) Other designated device(s) synchronizing with the synchronization control terminal through receiving a time stamp in the synchronization control terminal's broadcast in the common spectrum band during its NP. ii) Other designated devices of other networks operating in their respective small bands periodically listen to the synchronization control terminal's broadcast in the synchronization control terminal's native channel band.
  • the term “native” may generally refer to "originating" or "initial”.
  • the notification signal may comprise a beacon interval.
  • the notification signal may be the notification signal indicating that the third band is occupied, or the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied, or the notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied.
  • the beacon interval may be but is not limited to the beacon interval as denoted in Figure 1.
  • the beacon interval may comprise a quasi-omni beacon frame.
  • the quasi-omni beacon frame may be recurring.
  • each may be configured to use a timer to maintain a beacon interval duration respectively in the first band and the third band.
  • the beacon interval duration in each of the first band and the third band may comprise an idle period in which each of the network and/or the other network waits until the end of the beacon interval duration before restarting the timer to maintain another beacon interval duration.
  • the term “idle period” refers to a period of time where a network has completed its operation in a band and does nothing while awaiting for the end of the beacon interval duration.
  • the term “waits'Or “awaiting” may refer to the passing of time.
  • the term “restarting” refers to resetting, for example, resetting the timer to zero, or resuming the timing by the timer for a range of time, where the range of time may be known or predetermined.
  • another beacon interval duration means a new and/or different beacon interval duration with respect to the beacon interval duration.
  • the first band and the third band may be obtained from dividing the second band.
  • each may be of a duration derivable from a sector number of the communication device of the network or the communication device of the other network after the second band may be divided into the first band and the third band.
  • the communication system may further comprise a plurality of networks configured to operate in a plurality of bands; and a plurality of communication devices of the plurality of networks, each of the plurality of communication devices configured to send in respective notification periods a notification signal indicating that the each of the plurality of bands is occupied and a notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied, wherein the second band includes the plurality of bands or parts thereof.
  • the plurality of bands may refer to a fourth or more band.
  • the communication device 400 comprises a transmitter 402 configured to transmit data using a second band or a first band in a data transfer period; a transceiver 404 configured to send a notification signal indicating in a notification period that the first band is occupied and a notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied; and a controller 406 configured to switch operations from the first band to the second band or from the second band to the first band to send the notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied.
  • the communication device may be the communication device 306 of Figure 3(a).
  • band data transfer period
  • transceiver sends
  • notification signal notification signal
  • indicating notification period
  • occupied occupied
  • switch switch
  • An example for illustration purposes provides MAC protocols for quasi-omni beacon frames sent in the large band by each CWPAN designated devices operating in small bands to inform potential new IEEE 802.1 lad network or potential new CWPAN device which wants to start up a new network in the large band, or new CPWAN device of its/their CWPAN network existence.
  • a CWPAN device is able to operate in large band LI or L2, and to operate in small bands S3, S4, S5 or S6 when other new device requests to split the large channel of a network in operation.
  • IEEE 802.1 lad devices may only operate in the large band LI or L2. In such a case, the large band LI or L2 would be the large common spectrum band (i.e., the common band channel) to send the quasi-omni beacon frames for CWPAN designated devices.
  • a CWPAN network operates in LI with the designated device or network controller denoted as PCP/AP 1.
  • PCP/AP 1 the designated device or network controller
  • IEEE 802.1 lad devices may easily detect the presence of the CWPAN network provided that similar wireless air interface is used by both technologies.
  • PCP/AP 2 a new device denoted as PCP/AP 2, which would become the new designated device of a new network operating in the small band if its request is granted and is successful in starting its new network, wishing to share LI by splitting the bandwidth to form two independent networks in small bands, S5 and S6, as shown in Figure 5.
  • PCP/AP 2 when PCP/AP 2 intends to operate within a small band, it will first join the existing PCP/AP l 's network in the large band as a device (or called STA) through a bootstrapping procedure in the quasi-omni BTI.
  • the devices may proceed to split the LI channel into S5 and S6 channels if PCP/AP 1 decides to split the large band into small bands.
  • PCP/AP 1 should notify all STAs in its network including the requesting device or station (STA) which intends to become candidate PCP/AP or PCP/AP 2 later on when it starts a new network in a small band through the Grant, Beacon, or Announcement frames containing Information Elements (IEs).
  • the information includes the channel number relevant to the small band, and the duration of Notification Period (NP) sending quasi-omni beacon frames by PCPs/APs 1 and 2 in large common spectrum band.
  • a designated device acting as an AP or PCP in a small bands occupying a part of the large common spectrum band can also embed these information in the quasi-omni beacon frames broadcasted in the large common spectrum band to help devices wishing/making decisions to operate in the band by joining in or detecting the existence of network(s) operating in the large bands or small bands within the large band or finding another channel for new network start up through the coordinated and synchronized notification periods as the discovery process in their basic network(s) scanning procedures with minimal changes.
  • PCP/APs 1 and 2 shall periodically send the quasi-omni beacon frames during NP in the large band to inform other devices (e.g., new IEEE 802.11 ad device or other new CWPAN device) which scan the channel that PCP/AP 1 and 2 are operating in the small band in the following medium time.
  • the quasi-omni beacon frames sent during NP should be in the form of quasi-omni beacon frames as described in IEEE 802.11 ad with no or minor modification. The details of the modification if needed are described in a later section.
  • each PCP/AP shall transmit beacon frames in a quasi-omni manner during NP.
  • PCP/APs 1 and 2 can hear from each other within the corresponding transmission range (TR), while the device denoted as Device A located within PCP/AP l 's TR but outside PCP/ AP 2's TR cannot hear any beacon frame from PCP/AP 2.
  • another device denoted as Device B located within PCP/AP 2's TR but outside PCP/ AP l 's TR cannot hear any beacon frame from PCP/AP 1.
  • both PCP/AP 1 and PCP/AP 2 should periodically transmit the frames during NP to ensure maximum spatial coverage.
  • the NPs in one cycle allocated for different PCP/AP should be arranged consecutively without interspaces; hence they will have the same cycle time. This arrangement allows PCP/AP 1 and PCP/AP 2 to minimize the bandwidth switch cost between small bands and large band.
  • Each PCP/AP needs only switch from its own small band to the large band (i.e., the common spectrum band) once to transmit its quasi-omni beacon frames and subsequently receive the quasi-omni beacon frame from the other PCP/AP during NP and then switch back to its small band in every cycle. Note that the switching time between the large band and small band and vice versa depend on the implementation of RF circuit. Its typical duration is around hundreds of micro-seconds.
  • PCP/AP 1 and candidate PCP/AP may easily figure out the individual NP duration (e.g., NP1 and NP2 as illustrated in Figure 7(b)) by knowing the Sector Number of a PCP/AP or candidate PCP/AP and subsequently derive the total duration of NP before they start the transmission after the large band is split into smaller bands.
  • Figure 7(b) shows a frame structure in accordance to various embodiments.
  • NP time synchronization function
  • TSF time synchronization function
  • the NP1 may be transmitted prior to the PCP/AP 2's NP, i.e., NP2, during which each frame sent by PCP/AP 1 must contain the Timestamp information used to synchronize PCP/AP 2.
  • Box 700 refers to NPl and the following Box 702 refers to NP2.
  • the total NP duration is the sum of NPl and NP2.
  • the periodicity of NP is determined by both the minimum synchronization period required by PCP/APs operating in the small bands and maximum channel scan time required by PCP/APs operating in the large band.
  • the cycle time of NP cannot be set larger than 1000 TUs.
  • the actual cycle time of NP should be determined by PCP/AP 1 before the first NP with the constraints stated above.
  • each PCP/AP shall start a new Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) to track the cycle time of NP in the large band.
  • TSF Timing Synchronization Function
  • the periodical NP shares a similar time structure with that of BI in terms of periodically sending out quasi-omni beacon frames in the large band.
  • a cycle time of NP is defined as a virtual beacon interval (VBI) 704 as shown in Fig. 7(b).
  • VBI 704 duration is regarded as the value of the BI to update the BI duration field in the beacon frames sent out during NP.
  • each PCP/AP shall start a new TSF timer to maintain the BI duration in the small band 706 (called SBBI).
  • SBBI small band 706
  • each NP frames are transmitted by the corresponding PCP/AP in a quasi- omni manner in the large band.
  • the contained fields of a beacon frame are listed as follows:
  • - Frame Control field 800 contains the Protocol Version, Type, Subtype, Control Frame Extension, etc.
  • - Duration field 802 is set to the time remaining until the end of the last NP.
  • - BSSID field 804 contains the BSSID of the BSS.
  • the body of the DBand Beacon frame sent during NP contained the elements listed in Figure 8(b) which include Timestamp, Sector sweep, Beacon interval, Beacon Interval Control and DBand Parameters.
  • the VBI Duration contains the cycle time of a NP. It should update the BI Duration in the Beacon Interval field.
  • CWPAN Channel Bandwidth with 2 bits is created by using the reserved bits to cater for the information of the channel bandwidth used for CWPAN device ( Figure 8(c)). Exemplary features of the CWPAN channel bandwidth is shown in Figure 8(d).
  • PCP/AP1 and 2 switch their operations from the large band to their own small bands.
  • a period of time denoted as Guard Intervals (GI) is inserted between the NPs and the start of the small bands' Bis.
  • GI Guard Intervals
  • the information of GIs may be obtained from the device's parameter information. Note that due to the hardware diversity, PCP/APs 1 and 2 may have different GIs. In Figure 7(b), it is assumed that PCP/AP 1 operates in S5 and PCP/AP 2 operates in S6 after the large band is split into two small bands.
  • each SBBI of a PCP/AP may be set at a length which is an integer factor of VBI duration in terms of time units (TUs).
  • the TU for devices operating in small band may or may not be the same as the TU specified for devices operating in large band.
  • the duration of VBI may be set as a non-prime number of TUs.
  • PCP/AP 1 and PCP/AP2 may start their SBBIs at the same time immediately after the NP.
  • each PCP/AP shall allocate a SP at the end of DTT of the last SBBI before the transmission of the next NPs as a quiet period (QP) as shown in Fig. 7(b).
  • QP quiet period
  • the duration of the allocated SP cover the two NPs as well as the GIs before and after the NPs of the two PCP/APs as shown in Figure 7(b).
  • the third scenario the case when the networks in S5 and S6 have been established and then eventually, one of the networks ceases its network operation has been considered.
  • the absence of one of the PCP/APs operating in the small band is noted by the other PCP/AP operating in its adjacent small band when it detects no quasi-omni beacon frames sent during NP from the PCP/AP which ceases network operation in the adjacent small band.
  • a PCP/AP wait for a aMaxExpireDuration duration, which is an integer multiple of VBI, starting from when the last frame from the other PCP/AP is received, before making the decision that the other adjacent PCP/AP 's network has ceased its network operation.
  • FIG. 7(c) illustrates the case where PCP/AP 2 is absent from its small band S6 and PCP/AP 1 prepare to expand its operating bandwidth from the current small band S5 to the large band LI within aMaxMergelnterval in order to improve network performance.
  • PCP/AP 1 is absent from its small band S5
  • PCP/AP 2 prepares to expand its bandwidth to the large band LI within aMaxMergelnterval.
  • a method of coordinating operations of networks comprises operating in a first band 902; and sending in a notification period a notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and a notification signal indicating that a second band is occupied 904, wherein the second band includes the first band or a part thereof.
  • the term "network”, “band”, “operating”, “sending”, “notification period”, “notification signal”, “indicating”, "occupied” are as defined above.
  • the network may be the network 302 of Figure 3(a).
  • the method 900 may comprise a Medium Access Control (MAC) method.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • the method may further comprise operating another network in a third band; sending to a communication device of another network in another notification period another notification signal indicating that the first band is occupied and the notification signal indicating that the second band is occupied, wherein the second band includes the third band or a part thereof .
  • sending the notification signal and the other notification signal 904 may comprise broadcasting the notification signal and the other notification signal in the second band or the first band at different periods of time to provide coordination in the broadcast of the notification signal and the other notification signal.
  • the terms “broadcasting” is defined as above.
  • the term “coordination” refers to an arrangement or schedule. In this context, the coordination provides an order of broadcast so that notification signals do not collide with each other in their resprective transmissions.
  • the method 900 may further comprise determining the availability of the second band or the first band.
  • determining the availability of the second band may comprise scanning the second band for a predetermined period of time, wherein the predetermined period of time is at the least the duration of the notification period and the other notification period.
  • the scanning may be performed by linear scanning or segment scanning.
  • PCP/AP 1 (or 2) intends to expand its channel bandwidth, it transmits Beacon frames in BTI or Announcement frames in AT and inform all the non-PCP/AP STAs to switch to the large band LI before the end or termination of a SBBI that extend the expiration time of aMaxMergelnterval. Note that during the merging time, PCP/AP 1 (or 2) continues to transmit frames in its scheduled NPs. However, it may not switch back to the small band S5 (or S6) after the end of NPs in the last SBBI as shown in Figure 7(c).
  • the PCP/AP may remain in the large band LI, waiting pass an Idle Period (IP) until the end of the current SBBI, and then restart the timer to initiate a new BI by setting its new TSF timer in the following medium time as shown in Figure 7(c).
  • IP Idle Period
  • the PCP/AP may terminate the current SBBI at the end of NPs and restart a new TSF timer immediately for a new BI in the following medium time in the large band or PCP/AP may terminate the current SBBI after switching to the large band in GI and start a new TSF timer for a new BI in the following medium time, without transmitting the last NP.
  • the PCP/AP informs the devices or its stations (STAs) of the expansion procedure chosen before the channel expansion from its small band to a large band proceeds.
  • STAs stations
  • any other PCP/AP intends to join PCP/AP 1 (or 2) before bandwidth expansion, it obtains the necessary information from the received quasi-omni beacon frames sending by PCP/AP 1 (or 2) and know that the large band is unavailable at the current state. Thus, it waits to send its Request frame until PCP/AP 1 (or 2) has successfully finished (i.e., completed) the bandwidth expansion and sent its Beacon frames during the BTI of the following BI in the large band.
  • STAs non-PCP/non-AP devices or station (STAs) that want to join the small band network still have to tune into the intended small band and receive quasi-omni beacon frames that are sent by the present PCP/AP.
  • the present PCP/AP may not allocate any SP during the DTT of a BI for NP allocation.
  • Enable devices wishing to operate a new network in part of or the entire common spectrum band to detect the occupancy state of the interested band by listening to the quasi-omni beacon frames in the large common access band only which is enormous advantageous for backwards comparability and minimal changes to the network start-up scanning procedure for new devices of another network type.
  • Various embodiments provide methods to notify devices planning to operate in a common spectrum band overlapped by or comprising of, a number of other channel spectrum bands not necessarily of the same bandwidth as the common spectrum band, occupied by a plurality of independent transceiver networks, each operating in different said channel spectrum bands, of their network presence to avoid packet collision by other transceiver wireless networks planning to occupy the said common spectrum band.
  • the method comprises
  • o Encompassing a set of MAC protocols to ensure smooth switching between the large band and the small bands for new network operations or continuation of network operations whenever a large band channel is split into smaller bands or a smaller band is expanded to a large band when an adjacent network in the small band is detected as no longer in operation to ensure for coordination and continuity of the transmission(s) of the quasi-omni beacon frames in the large band from the designated devices in the small band(s) throughout the operation of a network in a large band, the operation of the networks in the small band(s) as well as during the transient periods of switching network operations from splitting a large band to small bands or switching operation from a small band expanding to a large band.
  • BI MAC beacon interval
  • SF superframe
  • the phrase "at least substantially” may include “exactly” and a variance of +/- 5% thereof.
  • the phrase "A is at least substantially the same as B” may encompass embodiments where A is exactly the same as B, or where A may be within a variance of +/- 5%, for example of a value, of B, or vice versa.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de communication comprenant un réseau configuré pour fonctionner dans une première bande ; et un dispositif de communication du réseau configuré pour envoyer, au cours d'une période de notification, un signal de notification indiquant que la première bande est occupée et un signal de notification indiquant qu'une seconde bande est occupée, la seconde bande contenant la première bande ou une partie de celle-ci. L'invention concerne également un procédé de coordination des fonctionnements de réseaux.
PCT/SG2012/000077 2011-03-08 2012-03-08 Commande de largeur de bande dynamique de canaux pour la coexistence de réseaux WO2012121676A1 (fr)

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WO2015180465A1 (fr) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 江苏中兴微通信息科技有限公司 Champ de signalisation de système de communication mimo sans fil et procédé de communication associé
CN103986682B (zh) * 2014-05-30 2015-08-26 江苏中兴微通信息科技有限公司 一种无线mimo通信系统的通信方法
CN103986682A (zh) * 2014-05-30 2014-08-13 江苏中兴微通信息科技有限公司 一种无线mimo通信系统的信令字段及其通信方法
WO2016095459A1 (fr) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Procédé de partage de fréquence, équipement utilisateur et station de base

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