WO2012120161A1 - System for integrating renewable energies in order to locally supply low-voltage electrical energy - Google Patents
System for integrating renewable energies in order to locally supply low-voltage electrical energy Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012120161A1 WO2012120161A1 PCT/ES2011/070166 ES2011070166W WO2012120161A1 WO 2012120161 A1 WO2012120161 A1 WO 2012120161A1 ES 2011070166 W ES2011070166 W ES 2011070166W WO 2012120161 A1 WO2012120161 A1 WO 2012120161A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the object of the present invention is a system of integration of renewable energies, conceived on the basis of desynchronized production sources of the network, with the purpose of providing a reinforcement to the existing energy system in conditions of grid stability.
- the system of the invention provides for operation in an energy island in the absence of the general network, and is based on the integration of the exploitation of renewable sources with storage systems adapted to the required performance, configuring local micro-networks of low integration desynchronized voltage of the general network, obtaining a simpler and more robust system than with conventional technologies.
- Electricity due to its unparalleled cleaning characteristics, efficiency in its distribution, and rapid response to the requirements of any type of final use, is experiencing constant growth, which will be accelerated extraordinarily with the necessary and unstoppable irruption of the electric vehicle that has begun to be implanted, and that will experience a great boom in the next decade.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the adequate response to the growing needs of society in the final consumption of electricity.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) that provide thermal systems for obtaining electrical energy, and despite the efficiency improvements achieved with combined cycle technologies.
- renewable energy holdings are precisely the most remote places of conventional energy sources, as they are mostly the majority of existing islands, given the cost of the necessary supply infrastructure, detecting the convenience and even the need to achieve energy self-sufficiency to the greatest extent possible.
- the fundamental problem of the use of renewable energies is their randomness, which has given rise to the need to complement the exploitations of renewable sources with manageable energy systems fueled by fossil resources that must provide two essential functions.
- the first the energy supply when the renewable source does not exist, (replacement energy); the second, the maintenance of the characteristics of stability and quality of the supply, such as frequency, voltage, power factor and waveform.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) 50Hz sync. Under these conditions, in the case of the occurrence of problems in any significant equipment or in the network itself, despite the fact that generation with renewable sources is available and the machinery is in perfect condition, we cannot use it in the absence of the conditions of synchronism being forced to leave the system out of service.
- the system of the present invention is a renewable energy integration system conceived based on desynchronized network technologies, which aims to provide reinforcement to the existing energy system and confer to
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the area where precise network stability conditions are installed at every moment, thus helping to increase security of supply and quality of service. Also, and as an essential benefit, the system of the invention is designed for operation in an energy island, so that it can meet the needs of the demand of its environment in the absence of the general network.
- the proposed technology is based on the integration of the exploitation of renewable sources with storage systems adapted to the required performance, configuring local micro-networks of low voltage integration, desynchronized from the general network, obtaining a simpler system and robust than with conventional technologies.
- the short-term energy storage planned for the stabilization of the network and adaptation to the fast response times of micro cuts, the use of capacitors and ultracapacitors is foreseen;
- advanced super batteries are proposed.
- integration with reversible closed-circuit generation and pumping systems (without appreciable water consumption) is proposed. ) optimizing the water resources of the area.
- the energy sources used in the system of the invention are wind, photovoltaic, (and / or modular thermal solar), and reversible hydroelectric. Other types of renewable uses that are considered to be integrated
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) convenient, depending on the choice and preponderance of each of them of the chosen location.
- the hydroelectric generation will be based on the use of seawater collected in suitable places for its elevation and storage in reservoirs practiced at the highest and closest possible levels and, when they can be used, the available pluvial and river water resources will be used, being necessary In this case, the installation of upper and lower reservoirs or reservoirs.
- the system of the invention is of modular design, in order to provide for its growth and stepwise adaptation to increasing demands and performance.
- the system begins with the installation of a small power integration micro network produced with native sources prepared to integrate new local micro networks each adapted to the conditions of the location; These new micro-networks are interconnected and progressively adopt a structure in micro-mesh meshes that instantly exchange the energy flows necessary for the optimization of the system, being able to reach the conformation of a mesh of local micro-networks that cover, in a representative example, an entire island, reaching at that time the total energy self-sufficiency.
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) At the beginning of the application of the first local micro-networks, the existing electrical system should be reinforced by improving the stability and quality of service and achieving the maximum possible flattening of the demand curve at the site, improving the efficiency and profitability of an existing system based on the use of fossil fuels. To the extent that the scope of micro-networks is becoming more widespread, the level of energy self-sufficiency will increase in the area, for example on an island, with the possibility of achieving total energy independence using exclusively indigenous renewable resources.
- Said system comprises the following components: one or more wind turbines;
- PLC programmable logic controller
- wind turbines feed electric pumps to hydraulic pumps, which raise seawater to an upper reservoir; These pumps operate continuously or intermittently, in order to keep the reservoir always at a maximum level.
- the embalmed water falls to a lower installation of hydraulic turbines coupled to electric generators that generate low voltage electrical energy for supply to users without the need for transformation.
- the PLC will control and regulate the correct adaptation of the electric power output of the turbogenerators to the existing real demand.
- hydraulic turbines can be replaced by reversible turbo pumps.
- the implementation and distribution of the components of said micro network will depend on the type of location of the project to be carried out.
- the PLC can regulate the power supply to the accumulators When a microrred so constituted is connected to
- the invention is about supplying electricity to an island electrically connected to another neighboring island or to the mainland by means of an underwater cable.
- the location of small population centers away from each other and problems of network stability advise the installation of sources of energy production in local environments, taking full advantage of the possibilities of available renewable energy.
- an upper coastal area elevated about 100 m above the sea can be located in which the relief allows the construction of a reservoir or hydraulic storage.
- a set of machinery such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic turbines, electric generators and accumulators.
- the desired electrical power is 1.5 MW.
- a storage reservoir for seawater is enabled, next to which a Vestas wind turbine of 2 MW and a height of 80 m is installed.
- three pumps are installed, as well as three turbines coupled to electric generators of 1.5 MW of total power.
- the turbines given the significant height of the upper area reservoir and the moderate expected flow, are 500 kW Pelton type.
- support accumulators are installed in the form of 50 stationary batteries 28 OPzS 3500 5100 FIAMM.
- Wind turbines continuously feed the pumps, depending on the wind possibilities, while it is necessary to keep the reservoir at its maximum
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) level.
- the conduction of water to the turbines from the upper reservoir is done by three forced pipes.
- the generators coupled to the turbines supply alternating electric power at 220 V.
Abstract
A system for integrating renewable energies, which system is designed on the basis of unsynchronized production sources of the grid in order to reinforce the existing energy system in grid stability conditions. In particular, the system of the invention envisages energy island operation in the absence of the general grid and is based on integrating the exploitation of renewable sources with storage systems adapted to the required services, configuring unsynchronized low-voltage local integration microgrids of the general grid, obtaining a simpler and more robust system than with the conventional technologies.
Description
Sistema de integración de energías renovables para suministro local de energía eléctrica en baja tensión Renewable energy integration system for local supply of low voltage electricity
OBJETO OBJECT
El objeto de la presente invención es un sistema de integración de energías renovables, concebido en base a fuentes de producción desincronizadas de la red, con la finalidad de proporcionar un refuerzo al sistema energético existente en condiciones de estabilidad de red. En particular, el sistema de la invención prevé un funcionamiento en isla energética en ausencia de la red general, y se basa en la integración de la explotación de fuentes renovables con sistemas de almacenamiento adaptados a las prestaciones requeridas, configurando microrredes locales de integración de baja tensión desincronizadas de la red general, obteniéndose un sistema mas sencillo y robusto que con las tecnologías convencionales. The object of the present invention is a system of integration of renewable energies, conceived on the basis of desynchronized production sources of the network, with the purpose of providing a reinforcement to the existing energy system in conditions of grid stability. In particular, the system of the invention provides for operation in an energy island in the absence of the general network, and is based on the integration of the exploitation of renewable sources with storage systems adapted to the required performance, configuring local micro-networks of low integration desynchronized voltage of the general network, obtaining a simpler and more robust system than with conventional technologies.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dada la creciente problemática medioambiental y económica en la que nos encontramos por la utilización de fuentes energéticas foráneas fósiles, el objetivo fundamental de los planes de actuación en el sector energético en prácticamente todos los países del mundo, y especialmente en los lugares más aislados de las infraestructuras de captación, transporte y distribución energética como es el caso de las regiones insulares, es el de la mejora de las condiciones de seguridad y calidad en el sistema energético, minimizando la afectación medioambiental, y en las condiciones económicas más ventajosas posibles. Given the growing environmental and economic problems in which we find ourselves through the use of fossil foreign energy sources, the fundamental objective of the action plans in the energy sector in practically all countries of the world, and especially in the most isolated places of infrastructures for energy collection, transport and distribution, as is the case in the island regions, is the improvement of safety and quality conditions in the energy system, minimizing environmental impact, and in the most advantageous economic conditions possible.
La energía eléctrica, por sus inigualables características de limpieza, eficiencia en su distribución, y rapidez de respuesta ante los requerimientos de cualquier tipo de utilización final, está experimentando un crecimiento constante, que se verá acelerado de forma extraordinaria con la irrupción necesaria e imparable del vehículo eléctrico que ha comenzado a implantarse, y que experimentará un gran auge en la próxima década. Estamos experimentando ya las consecuencias de unas infraestructuras en el sistema eléctrico actual, totalmente incapaces de proporcionar Electricity, due to its unparalleled cleaning characteristics, efficiency in its distribution, and rapid response to the requirements of any type of final use, is experiencing constant growth, which will be accelerated extraordinarily with the necessary and unstoppable irruption of the electric vehicle that has begun to be implanted, and that will experience a great boom in the next decade. We are already experiencing the consequences of infrastructure in the current electrical system, totally unable to provide
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
la adecuada respuesta a las crecientes necesidades de la sociedad en el consumo final de la energía eléctrica. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the adequate response to the growing needs of society in the final consumption of electricity.
Por estos motivos, y ante la situación de crecientes limitaciones e incapacidad de respuesta a las exigencias de seguridad y calidad del suministro del sistema eléctrico convencional, se está imponiendo en todo el mundo la aplicación de sistemas energéticos distribuidos, con la implantación de centrales locales de generación eléctrica de pequeña potencia, cercanas a los lugares de consumo, y adaptadas en lo posible a las demandas reales de cada momento. En este contexto, en la actualidad se está impulsando la aplicación de pequeñas centrales térmicas de ciclo combinado alimentadas con gas natural, ubicadas en los lugares más cercanos posibles a su utilización, y de hecho, estas medidas están formando parte de las estrategias de los nuevos planes de actuación energética y de sus adaptaciones a las nuevas tecnologías de la generación distribuida en gran parte de los países afectados y sensibilizados por la problemática energética. Para la instalación de estas centrales distribuidas de ciclo combinado, se están desarrollando importantes proyectos e inversiones. No obstante aún adoptando estas nuevas tecnologías de generación distribuida mediante la utilización del gas natural, siguen sin resolverse los graves problemas esenciales, como son el de la afección ambiental, y el de la dependencia energética. For these reasons, and given the situation of increasing limitations and inability to respond to the security and quality requirements of the supply of the conventional electrical system, the application of distributed energy systems is being imposed worldwide, with the implementation of local power plants. Small power electricity generation, close to the places of consumption, and adapted as much as possible to the real demands of each moment. In this context, the application of small combined cycle thermal power plants fueled by natural gas, located in the closest possible places to their use, is being promoted, and in fact, these measures are part of the strategies of the new energy action plans and their adaptations to the new generation technologies distributed in a large part of the countries affected and sensitized by the energy problem. For the installation of these distributed combined cycle plants, important projects and investments are being developed. However, even adopting these new technologies of distributed generation through the use of natural gas, the serious essential problems, such as environmental problems and energy dependence, remain unresolved.
En cuanto al medioambiente, la combustión de gas en las centrales de ciclo combinado sigue emitiendo gases de efecto invernadero y gases tóxicos al ambiente y, si bien la emisión por MWh. generado es menor que con las tecnologías convencionales, al producirse las emisiones en lugares mucho más cercanos a los puntos de consumo, es decir, a las poblaciones e incluso en el interior de las ciudades, los efecto nocivos de los gases emitidos sobre las personas son mayores que antes con los sistemas centralizados ubicados lejos de los usuarios. Respecto a la consecución de los objetivos de disminución de la dependencia energética, los avances son muy limitados, y en la medida en que el consumo de energía eléctrica crezca la dependencia se verá incrementada, dada la baja eficiencia Regarding the environment, the combustion of gas in combined cycle plants continues to emit greenhouse gases and toxic gases to the environment and, although the emission per MWh. generated is less than with conventional technologies, when emissions occur in places much closer to the points of consumption, that is, to populations and even within cities, the harmful effects of gases emitted on people are older than before with centralized systems located far from users. Regarding the achievement of the objectives of reducing energy dependence, progress is very limited, and to the extent that the consumption of electric power grows, dependence will be increased, given the low efficiency
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
que proporcionan los sistemas térmicos de obtención de energía eléctrica, y a pesar de las mejoras de eficiencia conseguidas con las tecnologías de ciclo combinado. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) that provide thermal systems for obtaining electrical energy, and despite the efficiency improvements achieved with combined cycle technologies.
Indiscutiblemente la solución definitiva a los requerimientos del desarrollo energético la proporciona la utilización de las energías renovable autóctonas para la obtención de energía eléctrica. Sin embargo, existen en la actualidad importantes controversias respecto a si las tecnologías para su explotación están suficientemente evolucionadas, si son suficientes las fuentes existentes con las tecnologías actuales, y sobre todo, si son o no competitivas y suficientemente rentables. Unquestionably, the definitive solution to the requirements of energy development is provided by the use of indigenous renewable energies to obtain electrical energy. However, there are currently significant controversies as to whether the technologies for their exploitation are sufficiently evolved, if the existing sources with the current technologies are sufficient, and above all, whether or not they are competitive and sufficiently profitable.
Para dar respuesta a este tipo de cuestiones, es preciso analizar en primer lugar los condicionantes existentes en el lugar de aplicación de tecnologías basadas en fuentes renovables. En efecto, los lugares donde mayor rentabilidad puede obtenerse con las explotaciones energéticas renovables son precisamente los lugares más apartados de las fuentes energéticas convencionales, como son fundamentalmente la mayor parte de las islas existentes, dado lo costoso de las infraestructuras de abastecimiento necesarias, detectándose la conveniencia e incluso la necesidad de alcanzar la autosuficiencia energética en la mayor medida posible. La problemática fundamental de la utilización de las energías renovables es su aleatoriedad, lo que ha dado lugar a la necesidad de complementar las explotaciones de fuentes renovables con sistemas energéticos gestionables alimentados por recursos fósiles que deben proporcionar dos funciones esenciales. La primera, el suministro energético cuando la fuente renovable no exista, (energía de sustitución); la segunda, el mantenimiento de las características de estabilidad y calidad del suministro, como son frecuencia, tensión, factor de potencia y forma de onda. Estos condicionantes, impuestos por el entorno síncrono de la red, han marcado las características técnicas de la evolución de las tecnologías de energías renovables dedicadas a la generación de energía eléctrica. To respond to these types of questions, it is necessary to first analyze the conditions that exist at the place of application of technologies based on renewable sources. In fact, the places where greater profitability can be obtained with renewable energy holdings are precisely the most remote places of conventional energy sources, as they are mostly the majority of existing islands, given the cost of the necessary supply infrastructure, detecting the convenience and even the need to achieve energy self-sufficiency to the greatest extent possible. The fundamental problem of the use of renewable energies is their randomness, which has given rise to the need to complement the exploitations of renewable sources with manageable energy systems fueled by fossil resources that must provide two essential functions. The first, the energy supply when the renewable source does not exist, (replacement energy); the second, the maintenance of the characteristics of stability and quality of the supply, such as frequency, voltage, power factor and waveform. These conditions, imposed by the synchronous environment of the network, have marked the technical characteristics of the evolution of renewable energy technologies dedicated to the generation of electrical energy.
Los condicionantes del entorno síncrono de nuestros sistemas eléctricos han hecho que nos encontremos en la actualidad con sistemas de explotación de energías renovables que necesitan una red potente para poder ser inyectadas con el The conditions of the synchronous environment of our electrical systems have meant that we are currently using renewable energy exploitation systems that need a powerful network to be injected with the
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
sincronismo a 50Hz. En estas condiciones, en el caso de la aparición de problemas en algún equipo significativo o en la propia red, a pesar de que se disponga de generación con fuentes renovables y de estar la maquinaria en perfectas condiciones, no podremos utilizarla en ausencia de los condicionantes de sincronismo viéndonos obligados a dejar el sistema fuera de servicio. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) 50Hz sync. Under these conditions, in the case of the occurrence of problems in any significant equipment or in the network itself, despite the fact that generation with renewable sources is available and the machinery is in perfect condition, we cannot use it in the absence of the conditions of synchronism being forced to leave the system out of service.
Estos condicionantes traen como consecuencia que, con las tecnologías actualmente en uso, la cantidad de energía de origen renovable que es posible inyectar a la red está drásticamente limitada por la necesidad de estabilidad y garantía de suministro de la misma, por lo que difícilmente puede superarse con energías renovable un diez por ciento de la potencia térmica de soporte instalada en el sistema. These conditions result in the fact that, with the technologies currently in use, the amount of renewable energy that can be injected into the network is drastically limited by the need for stability and guarantee of supply of the same, so it can hardly be overcome with renewable energy, ten percent of the thermal support power installed in the system.
En resumen, con las tecnologías convencionales hoy existentes en el mercado, la dependencia energética de las fuentes fósiles sigue siendo desmesurada, y en cualquier lugar en el que se pretenda desarrollar un sistema energético con un alto porcentaje de energías renovables, deberán aplicarse tecnologías especialmente adaptadas a las características del lugar de aplicación, de forma que aunque las instalaciones de explotación de las energías renovables puedan requerir elevadas inversiones iniciales, éstas se rentabilicen mediante el ahorro del combustible sustituido, (se estima que por cada MWh. renovable producido cercano al lugar de consumo, se sustituyen unos 3MWh. de origen fósil lejano), sin olvidar la previsión de un constante y progresivo encarecimiento de los recursos fósiles como se está experimentando. In summary, with conventional technologies today on the market, the energy dependence of fossil sources is still excessive, and in any place where it is intended to develop an energy system with a high percentage of renewable energy, specially adapted technologies should be applied to the characteristics of the place of application, so that although the facilities of exploitation of renewable energies may require high initial investments, they are profitable by saving the substituted fuel, (it is estimated that for each renewable MWh produced near the place of consumption, about 3MWh of distant fossil origin are replaced), without forgetting the forecast of a constant and progressive increase in fossil resources as it is being experienced.
Las deficiencias y desventajas anteriores requieren ser superadas mediante un sistema de integración de energías renovables concebido en base a tecnologías desincronizadas de la red. Un sistema como el mencionado se reivindica en la reivindicación 1 anexa. The above deficiencies and disadvantages need to be overcome through a renewable energy integration system conceived based on desynchronized network technologies. A system as mentioned is claimed in the attached claim 1.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema de la presente invención es un sistema de integración de energías renovables concebido en base a tecnologías desincronizadas de la red, que tiene como finalidad proporcionar un refuerzo al sistema energético existente y conferir a The system of the present invention is a renewable energy integration system conceived based on desynchronized network technologies, which aims to provide reinforcement to the existing energy system and confer to
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
la zona donde se instale condiciones de estabilidad de red precisas en cada instante, ayudando de esta forma a incrementar la seguridad de suministro y calidad de servicio. También, y como prestación esencial, el sistema de la invención se diseña para su funcionamiento en isla energética, de forma que puede cubrir las necesidades de la demanda de su entorno en ausencia de la red general. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) the area where precise network stability conditions are installed at every moment, thus helping to increase security of supply and quality of service. Also, and as an essential benefit, the system of the invention is designed for operation in an energy island, so that it can meet the needs of the demand of its environment in the absence of the general network.
La tecnología propuesta, ya desarrollada previamente, se basa en la integración de la explotación de fuentes renovables con sistemas de almacenamiento adaptados a las prestaciones requeridas, configurando microrredes locales de integración de baja tensión, desincronizadas de la red general, obteniéndose un sistema más sencillo y robusto que con las tecnologías convencionales. Para el almacenamiento energético de corta duración, previsto para la estabilización de la red y adaptación a los tiempos de respuesta rápida de micro cortes, se prevé la utilización de condensadores y ultracondensadores; para los requerimientos ante cortes y variaciones de tensión de larga duración (minutos a decenas de minutos) se proponen superbaterías avanzadas Para el almacenamiento de larga duración, se propone la integración con sistemas reversibles de generación y bombeo en circuito cerrado (sin consumo apreciable de agua) aprovechando óptimamente los recursos hídricos de la zona. The proposed technology, already developed previously, is based on the integration of the exploitation of renewable sources with storage systems adapted to the required performance, configuring local micro-networks of low voltage integration, desynchronized from the general network, obtaining a simpler system and robust than with conventional technologies. For the short-term energy storage, planned for the stabilization of the network and adaptation to the fast response times of micro cuts, the use of capacitors and ultracapacitors is foreseen; For the requirements of long-term power cuts and variations (minutes to tens of minutes), advanced super batteries are proposed. For long-term storage, integration with reversible closed-circuit generation and pumping systems (without appreciable water consumption) is proposed. ) optimizing the water resources of the area.
Estas microrredes locales dimensionadas para un funcionamiento autosuficiente se conectarán a la red general con la que se establecerá un intercambio de flujo eléctrico, en la medida de las necesidades de cada momento, proporcionando características de complementariedad y estabilización a la red cuando ésta lo requiera, y se desconectarán de la misma para satisfacer la demanda conectada en la propia microrred. These local micro-networks sized for self-sufficient operation will be connected to the general network with which an exchange of electrical flow will be established, to the extent of the needs of each moment, providing characteristics of complementarity and stabilization of the network when required, and they will be disconnected from it to meet the demand connected in the microrred itself.
Las fuentes energéticas utilizadas en el sistema de la invención son la eólica, la solar fotovoltaica, (y/o solar térmica modular), y la hidroeléctrica reversible. Pueden integrarse otros tipos de aprovechamientos renovables que se consideren The energy sources used in the system of the invention are wind, photovoltaic, (and / or modular thermal solar), and reversible hydroelectric. Other types of renewable uses that are considered to be integrated
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
convenientes, dependiendo la elección y preponderancia de cada uno de ellos del lugar de emplazamiento elegido. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) convenient, depending on the choice and preponderance of each of them of the chosen location.
La generación hidroeléctrica se basará en la utilización del agua de mar captada en lugares idóneos para su elevación y almacenamiento en embalses practicados a las cotas más altas y cercanas posibles y, cuando puedan utilizarse, se aprovecharán los recursos hídricos pluviales y fluviales disponibles, siendo necesaria en este caso la instalación de embalses o depósitos superiores e inferiores. El sistema de la invención es de concepción modular, con el fin de prever su crecimiento y adaptación escalonada a exigencias y prestaciones crecientes. En una primera fase, el sistema se comienza con la instalación de una microrred de integración de pequeña potencia producida con fuentes autóctonas preparada para ir integrando nuevas microrredes locales adaptadas cada una a las condiciones del lugar de emplazamiento; estas nuevas microrredes se interconectan y adoptan progresivamente una estructuración en mallas de microrredes que se intercambian instantáneamente los flujos energéticos necesarios para la optimización del sistema, pudiendo llegar a la conformación de un mallado de microrredes locales que abarcan, en un ejemplo representativo toda una isla, alcanzándose en ese momento la total autosuficiencia energética. The hydroelectric generation will be based on the use of seawater collected in suitable places for its elevation and storage in reservoirs practiced at the highest and closest possible levels and, when they can be used, the available pluvial and river water resources will be used, being necessary In this case, the installation of upper and lower reservoirs or reservoirs. The system of the invention is of modular design, in order to provide for its growth and stepwise adaptation to increasing demands and performance. In a first phase, the system begins with the installation of a small power integration micro network produced with native sources prepared to integrate new local micro networks each adapted to the conditions of the location; These new micro-networks are interconnected and progressively adopt a structure in micro-mesh meshes that instantly exchange the energy flows necessary for the optimization of the system, being able to reach the conformation of a mesh of local micro-networks that cover, in a representative example, an entire island, reaching at that time the total energy self-sufficiency.
La implantación idónea de microrredes de integración de energías renovables en islas requiere un estudio previo de análisis de recursos y condicionantes orográficos, legales, medioambientales y tecnológicos existentes. Una progresiva instalación adaptada a cada zona local requerirá unas características energéticamente adecuadas, como por ejemplo, vientos significativos y de dirección perfectamente definida, y un número sustancial de horas de radiación solar (del orden de 3000 horas/año). Son también convenientes determinadas características orográficas, como promontorios costeros con altitudes cercanas o superiores a los 100 m, alturas ideales para el emplazamiento de sistemas hidroeléctricos reversibles y de sistemas de producción energética eólicos y solares. The ideal implementation of micro-networks for the integration of renewable energies in islands requires a previous study of resources analysis and existing orographic, legal, environmental and technological conditions. A progressive installation adapted to each local area will require energy-appropriate characteristics, such as significant winds with a perfectly defined direction, and a substantial number of hours of solar radiation (of the order of 3000 hours / year). Certain orographic characteristics are also suitable, such as coastal headlands with altitudes close to or greater than 100 m, ideal heights for the location of reversible hydroelectric systems and wind and solar energy production systems.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
En el inicio de aplicación de las primeras microrredes locales, deberá reforzarse el sistema eléctrico existente mejorando la estabilidad y calidad de servicio y consiguiendo el máximo aplanamiento posible de la curva de demanda en el lugar, mejorando la eficiencia y rentabilidad de un sistema existente basado en la utilización de combustibles fósiles. En la medida en que el ámbito de aplicación de las microrredes se vaya generalizando, se irá incrementando el nivel de autosuficiencia energética en la zona, por ejemplo en una isla, con la posibilidad de alcanzar la total independencia energética utilizando exclusivamente los recursos renovables autóctonos. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) At the beginning of the application of the first local micro-networks, the existing electrical system should be reinforced by improving the stability and quality of service and achieving the maximum possible flattening of the demand curve at the site, improving the efficiency and profitability of an existing system based on the use of fossil fuels. To the extent that the scope of micro-networks is becoming more widespread, the level of energy self-sufficiency will increase in the area, for example on an island, with the possibility of achieving total energy independence using exclusively indigenous renewable resources.
Dicho sistema comprende los siguientes componentes: uno o varios aerogeneradores; Said system comprises the following components: one or more wind turbines;
- una o varias bombas hidráulicas; - one or more hydraulic pumps;
- una o varias turbinas hidráulicas acopladas a generadores eléctricos; - one or more hydraulic turbines coupled to electric generators;
- baterías estacionarias o acumuladores; y - stationary batteries or accumulators; Y
- un controlador lógico programable (PLC) - a programmable logic controller (PLC)
En operación los aerogeneradores alimentan de energía eléctrica a las bombas hidráulicas, que elevan agua de mar hasta un embalse superior; estas bombas operan de forma continua o intermitente, con el objetivo de mantener el embalse siempre en un nivel máximo. El agua embalsada cae a una instalación inferior de turbinas hidráulicas acopladas a generadores eléctricos que generan energía eléctrica a baja tensión para su suministro a los usuarios sin necesidad de transformación. El PLC controlará y regulará la correcta adaptación de la energía eléctrica de salida de los turbogeneradores a la demanda real existente. In operation, wind turbines feed electric pumps to hydraulic pumps, which raise seawater to an upper reservoir; These pumps operate continuously or intermittently, in order to keep the reservoir always at a maximum level. The embalmed water falls to a lower installation of hydraulic turbines coupled to electric generators that generate low voltage electrical energy for supply to users without the need for transformation. The PLC will control and regulate the correct adaptation of the electric power output of the turbogenerators to the existing real demand.
En caso conveniente, las turbinas hidráulicas pueden ser reemplazadas por turbobombas reversibles. If appropriate, hydraulic turbines can be replaced by reversible turbo pumps.
La implantación y distribución de los componentes de dicha micro red dependerá del tipo de ubicación del proyecto a realizar. El PLC puede regular la alimentación de energía a los acumuladores Cuando una microrred así constituida esté conectada a The implementation and distribution of the components of said micro network will depend on the type of location of the project to be carried out. The PLC can regulate the power supply to the accumulators When a microrred so constituted is connected to
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
una red existente, el PLC puede regular el posible vertido de energía a la red si fuera necesario. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) In an existing network, the PLC can regulate the possible discharge of energy to the network if necessary.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE UNA REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En una realización preferente de la invención, a título de ejemplo, se trata de abastecer de energía eléctrica a una isla unida eléctricamente a otra isla mayor vecina o al continente por medio de un cable submarino. La localización de pequeños núcleos de población alejados entre sí y problemas de estabilidad de la red aconsejan la instalación de fuentes de producción de energía en entornos locales, aprovechando al máximo las posibilidades de las energías renovables disponibles. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, by way of example, it is about supplying electricity to an island electrically connected to another neighboring island or to the mainland by means of an underwater cable. The location of small population centers away from each other and problems of network stability advise the installation of sources of energy production in local environments, taking full advantage of the possibilities of available renewable energy.
En la isla puede localizarse una zona superior costera elevada unos 100 m sobre el mar en la que el relieve permite la construcción de un embalse o almacenamiento hidráulico. En una zona inferior existe la posibilidad de instalar un conjunto de maquinaria, como bombas hidráulicas, turbinas hidráulicas, generadores eléctricos y acumuladores. La potencia eléctrica deseada es 1 ,5 MW. On the island, an upper coastal area elevated about 100 m above the sea can be located in which the relief allows the construction of a reservoir or hydraulic storage. In a lower area there is the possibility of installing a set of machinery, such as hydraulic pumps, hydraulic turbines, electric generators and accumulators. The desired electrical power is 1.5 MW.
En la zona superior se habilita un embalse de almacenamiento para agua de mar, junto al que se instala un aerogenerador Vestas de 2 MW y una altura de 80 m. En la zona inferior se instalan tres bombas, así como tres turbinas acopladas a generadores eléctricos de 1,5 MW de potencia total. Las turbinas, dada la importante altura del embalse de la zona superior y del moderado caudal previsto, son de tipo Pelton de 500 kW. In the upper area a storage reservoir for seawater is enabled, next to which a Vestas wind turbine of 2 MW and a height of 80 m is installed. In the lower zone three pumps are installed, as well as three turbines coupled to electric generators of 1.5 MW of total power. The turbines, given the significant height of the upper area reservoir and the moderate expected flow, are 500 kW Pelton type.
Finalmente, se instalan unos acumuladores de apoyo en forma de 50 baterías estacionarias 28 OPzS 3500 5100 FIAMM. Finally, support accumulators are installed in the form of 50 stationary batteries 28 OPzS 3500 5100 FIAMM.
Los aerogeneradores alimentan continuamente a las bombas, en función de las posibilidades de viento, mientras sea preciso mantener el embalse a su máximo Wind turbines continuously feed the pumps, depending on the wind possibilities, while it is necessary to keep the reservoir at its maximum
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
nivel. La conducción de agua hacia las turbinas desde el embalse superior se realiza por tres tuberías forzadas. Los generadores acoplados a las turbinas suministran energía eléctrica alterna a 220 V. Una vez descrita la invención, así como una realización preferente de la misma, sólo debe indicarse que son posibles numerosas modificaciones de instalación, componentes y dimensiones sin alejarse del ámbito de la invención, que se reivindica en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) level. The conduction of water to the turbines from the upper reservoir is done by three forced pipes. The generators coupled to the turbines supply alternating electric power at 220 V. Once the invention has been described, as well as a preferred embodiment thereof, it should only be indicated that numerous modifications of installation, components and dimensions are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. , which is claimed in the appended claims.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26)
REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)
Claims
1. Un sistema de integración de energías renovables para suministro local de energía eléctrica, que comprende: 1. A renewable energy integration system for local electricity supply, comprising:
- un depósito o embalse de almacenamiento de agua; - a water storage reservoir or reservoir;
al menos un aerogenerador; at least one wind turbine;
al menos una tubería forzada de conducción de agua; at least one forced water pipe;
- al menos una bomba hidráulica; - at least one hydraulic pump;
- al menos una turbina hidráulica acoplada a un generador eléctrico de baja tensión; N - at least one hydraulic turbine coupled to a low voltage electric generator; N
- unas baterías estacionarias o acumuladores; y - stationary batteries or accumulators; Y
- un controlador lógico programable (PLC) 2. El sistema de integración de energías renovables para suministro local de energía eléctrica de la reivindicación 1 , en el que dichas al menos una bomba hidráulica y al menos una turbina hidráulica se sustituyen por al menos una turbina-bomba hidráulica reversible. - a programmable logic controller (PLC) 2. The renewable energy integration system for local power supply of claim 1, wherein said at least one hydraulic pump and at least one hydraulic turbine are replaced by at least one turbine -reversible hydraulic pump.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2011/070166 WO2012120161A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | System for integrating renewable energies in order to locally supply low-voltage electrical energy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/ES2011/070166 WO2012120161A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | System for integrating renewable energies in order to locally supply low-voltage electrical energy |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10938216B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2021-03-02 | Wipro Limited | Methods and systems for synchronizing energy management between neighboring microgrids |
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| GB2223810A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-04-18 | William George Turnbull | Power generation using wind power and pumped water storage |
| DE4301659A1 (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-07-28 | Priesemuth W | Pumped-storage power plant utilising solar energy or wind for pumping |
| ES2189629A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2003-07-01 | Galera Anselmo Echeverria | Procedure for obtaining solar and wind energy for conversion to hydroelectric energy by means of a "Closed power circuit" designed for the purpose. |
| ES2265738A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-02-16 | Manuel Torres Martinez | Electrical floating wind power generator for desalination has hydraulic pumping mechanism, actuated by operation of wind generator or motors, to pump water from aquatic medium to obtain desalinated water and/or to produce the electricity |
| ES2334750A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2010-03-15 | Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo Ceu (50%) | Reversible hydroelectric minicentral of high energy performance and null environmental impact (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| ES2345962T3 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2010-10-06 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | WAVE FOR THE POWER SUPPLY OF AN ALTERNATE CURRENT NETWORK. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4274010A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1981-06-16 | Sir Henry Lawson-Tancred, Sons & Co., Ltd. | Electric power generation |
| GB2223810A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-04-18 | William George Turnbull | Power generation using wind power and pumped water storage |
| DE4301659A1 (en) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-07-28 | Priesemuth W | Pumped-storage power plant utilising solar energy or wind for pumping |
| ES2189629A1 (en) * | 2001-02-27 | 2003-07-01 | Galera Anselmo Echeverria | Procedure for obtaining solar and wind energy for conversion to hydroelectric energy by means of a "Closed power circuit" designed for the purpose. |
| ES2265738A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-02-16 | Manuel Torres Martinez | Electrical floating wind power generator for desalination has hydraulic pumping mechanism, actuated by operation of wind generator or motors, to pump water from aquatic medium to obtain desalinated water and/or to produce the electricity |
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| ES2334750A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2010-03-15 | Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo Ceu (50%) | Reversible hydroelectric minicentral of high energy performance and null environmental impact (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| US10938216B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2021-03-02 | Wipro Limited | Methods and systems for synchronizing energy management between neighboring microgrids |
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