WO2012116572A1 - 组合力矩式异步调速电动机 - Google Patents
组合力矩式异步调速电动机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012116572A1 WO2012116572A1 PCT/CN2012/000109 CN2012000109W WO2012116572A1 WO 2012116572 A1 WO2012116572 A1 WO 2012116572A1 CN 2012000109 W CN2012000109 W CN 2012000109W WO 2012116572 A1 WO2012116572 A1 WO 2012116572A1
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- stator
- rotor
- magnetic isolation
- motor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
- H02K17/20—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors having deep-bar rotors
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of electric motors, and in particular relates to a combined torque asynchronous speed regulating motor which has electromagnetic torque of at least two different characteristics to change the rotor current mode.
- motor speed regulation such as DC motor speed regulation, variable magnetic pole logarithmic speed regulation, frequency conversion speed regulation, variable voltage speed regulation, and chopper speed regulation. Due to the complexity of the equipment, large capacity, high voltage, these methods are not widely used; the second is mechanical speed control, such as variable speed control, hydraulic speed control, coupling speed control. Due to the mechanical speed adjustment, a set of mechanical devices must be added, which has large investment and high energy consumption, and has poor sensitivity, high failure rate and large maintenance workload. Especially for high-power mechanical speed regulation, it is necessary to add hydraulic couplings, inverters, choppers, etc. with large equipment, complicated structure and high price to realize the speed regulation of large machinery, so it is not conducive to popularization and application.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an improved combined torque type asynchronous speed regulating motor with at least two electromagnetic torques of different characteristics to change the rotor current mode, which is available for the defects of the prior art.
- the vector synthesis method adjusts the magnitude and slip characteristics of the electromagnetic torque, directly introduces stepless speed regulation, and can achieve excellent energy saving effects, and its structure should be simple and feasible, and the technology is advanced and reliable.
- the combined torque asynchronous speed regulating motor as shown in FIG. 1, has a casing 1 in which a cylindrical rotor 3 is provided, and the rotor 3 has a coaxial axial direction.
- a cylindrical first stator 2 and a cylindrical second stator 5 are arranged in parallel. Its technical feature is that
- the number of enamel wires wound on the first stator 2 is > the number of enamel wires wound on the second stator 5.
- a stator magnetic isolation ring 8 is respectively disposed at both axial ends of the first stator 2 or the second stator 5 to form a stator magnetic isolation system.
- a rotor magnetic isolation sleeve 4 is disposed between the iron core at both ends of the rotor 3 and the rotating shaft.
- the outer end of the core of the rotor 3 is provided with a rotor magnetic isolation ring 6'.
- a rotor segmental magnetic separation U is provided between the two iron cores at the inner end of the rotor magnetic isolation ring 6' to form a rotor magnetic isolation system.
- the rotating shaft is made of magnetically-dissected metal
- the rotor magnetic isolation sleeve and the rotor magnetic isolation ring may not be provided.
- the radial side of the first stator 2 and the second stator 5 is further provided with a transmission worm wheel 7 driven by a peripheral actuator, and the transmission worm wheel 7 is The driving of the peripheral actuator drives the first stator 2 or the second stator 5 to rotate within an adjustable geometric angle range and can be locked at any position.
- the rotor 3 is a composite squirrel-cage rotor composed of 10 squirrel-cage rotors having the same number of squirrel cages and closely connected together.
- the present invention adopts a different characteristic electromagnetic torque synthesis method, which is intended to change the characteristics of the synthetic electromagnetic torque, thereby ensuring that the rotation speed of the equipment is higher during the rated working condition, the motor efficiency is also high, and it is necessary to ensure better. Adjust the characteristics. During the adjustment process, there is no increase in the internal loss of the motor due to a large rise in the stator current, which affects the energy saving effect.
- the length ratio of the two squirrel cages can be changed, and different electromagnetic moment characteristics can be obtained.
- the electromagnetic moment curve is T 2 in Fig. 2 , and vice versa, the electromagnetic moment curve is as shown in Fig. 2.
- an additional squirrel cage 6 may be added to one side of the squirrel-cage end ring 9 at the outer end of the rotor 3 to The electromagnetic torque generated is ⁇ .
- the resultant torque ⁇ ⁇ is from ⁇ , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ .
- the three electromagnetic moments are combined, with high-speed rated electromagnetic torque and good adjustment characteristics.
- the working principle of the invention is that, based on the magnetic field, the current is a vector, and the angle between the two magnetic fields can be changed to make the same change of the angle of the induced current in the same motor rotor, so that the combined induced current Corresponding changes have been made to adjust the speed of the asynchronous motor.
- the rotating magnetic field generated by the first stator 2 is F.
- the rotating magnetic field generated by the second stator 5 is F 2
- the angle between F ⁇ n F 2 is ⁇ .
- F 2 induce current ⁇ ⁇ 2 in the rotor of the motor regulating section, the angle between them is also ⁇ , and the combined induced current is I.
- the induced current of the second stator 5 in the additional squirrel cage is I Q and does not participate in current synthesis.
- the peripheral actuator drives the transmission worm wheel 7
- the second stator 5 rotates, and the rotating magnetic field F 2 rotates to the position of F 2 ', and the induced current 1 2 in the motor adjustment section also changes to 1 2 .
- the combined current at this time becomes ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ between the first stator 2 and the second stator 5 is adjusted, and when ⁇ is changed from ⁇ ⁇ , the combined induced current I in the motor regulating section is changed from maximum to minimum. In other words, adjusting the angle between the two stators can change the resultant torque.
- the size of the crucible so as to achieve the purpose of asynchronous motor stepless speed regulation.
- the beneficial effect of the invention is that the two stator magnetic fields cause the rotor current synthesis of the motor regulating section to affect the motor, which can be realized only by adjusting the angle between the two stator magnetic fields, and thereby achieve the stepless speed regulation of the asynchronous motor.
- This vector synthesis method is the most advanced, simple and feasible speed control method.
- the invention based on this speed regulation method can be widely applied to various industries such as electric power, chemical industry, machinery, mining, metallurgy and transportation.
- the requirements of mechanical speed regulation have the following obvious advantages and economic benefits compared with the current common speed regulation mechanism:
- the adjustment method is simple. It is only necessary to change the geometric angle between the stator and the stator to realize stepless speed regulation;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a reference diagram of the state of the rotor current vector synthesis when used in the present invention
- FIG. 1 shows a specific embodiment of the invention.
- the outer casing 1 is made of ordinary steel in the form of a cylinder, and has an outer bracket having an outer dimension of 601 mmX 375 mm x 330 mm, a voltage of 380 V, and a three-phase capacity of 5. 5 kw.
- the rotor 3 placed in the outer casing 1 has a cylindrical composite squirrel cage structure in which two squirrel cages are connected in series, and the two squirrel cages are held by three squirrel cage end rings 9, and the squirrel cages of the two squirrel cages
- the squirrel cage 10 is made of brass copper with a size of 3mmX 16 mmX 135mm and a copper copper with a size of 3mmX 16 legs X 135mm.
- the rotor magnetic isolation ring 6 is disposed at the outer end of the iron core at both ends of the rotor 3.
- the rotor segmental magnetic separation 11 is disposed between the iron cores at both ends, that is, the iron core of the rotor 3 is separated into two segments by the segmental magnetic separation.
- the rotor magnetic isolation sleeve 4 is disposed between the iron core and the rotating shaft at both ends of the rotor 3.
- the first stator 2 and the second stator 5 are each in the shape of a cylinder, and the coaxial lines are axially arranged side by side in the gap-matching manner on the rotor 3.
- the first stator 2 and the second stator 5 are all wound in a conventional manner by using an enameled wire.
- the number of turns per enamel wire wound on the first stator 2 is 360 ⁇ , and the number of turns per enamel wire wound on the second stator 5 is 288 ⁇ .
- a stator magnetic isolation ring 8 is disposed at each axial end of the second stator 5.
- the radial side of the first stator 2 and the second stator 5 is disposed with a peripheral actuator that enables the first stator 2 or the second stator 5 to rotate within an adjustable geometric angle range and at any position The drive worm gear 7 is locked.
- the combined torque type asynchronous speed regulating motor of the present embodiment thus constructed has been proved to have a good effect by trial production and trial, and has completely met the design requirements, achieving the purpose of speed regulation and energy saving.
- the structure of the motor has the following characteristics:
- the stator of the motor is designed as two, and any one of them can be in a certain geometric angle range. Rotate inside and lock in any position;
- the two stator parameters can be closely matched, and the ratio, material and squirrel cage shape of the two squirrel cages are reasonably selected to obtain excellent electromagnetic torque characteristics, ensuring good regulation characteristics and energy saving effects;
- the asynchronous motor can be directly steplessly regulated, and the outstanding advantages are as follows:
- the two stators of the motor are powered by the same power source, without any additional equipment, and the structure is simple, the reliability is high, and the investment is saved;
- the adjustment method is simple, which is beneficial to the use of personnel;
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
Description
说 明 书
组合力矩式异步调速电动机
技术领域
本发明属于电动机技术领域， 尤其涉及一种拥有至少二个不同特性的电 磁力矩来改变转子电流方式的组合力矩式异步调速电动机。
背景技术
现有技术的调速方法有两类： 一是电动机调速， 如直流电动机调速、 变 磁极对数调速、 变频调速、 变电压调速及斩波调速。 由于设备复杂、容量大、 电压高， 这些方法得不到广泛应用； 二是机械调速， 如变档调速、液压调速、 偶合器调速等。 由于机械调速必须增设一套机械装置， 投资大、 能耗高， 而 且灵敏性差、 故障率高、 维护工作量大。 特别是大功率机械调速， 需要增设 设备庞大、 结构复杂、 价格昂贵的液力偶合器、 变频器、 斩波器等来实现对 大型机械的调速， 因此十分不利于推广应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是， 针对现有技术存在的缺陷， 提供一种改进 的， 至少拥有二个不同特性的电磁力矩来改变转子电流方式的组合力矩式异 步调速电动机， 该电动机可利用矢量合成方法调节电磁力矩的大小及转差特 性， 直接引进无级调速， 并能达到优良的节能效果， 而且其结构应简单可行， 技术先进可靠。
本发明的技术解决方案是， 所述的组合力矩式异步调速电动机， 如图 1 所示， 具有外壳 1， 该外壳 1中， 有圆柱形转子 3， 所述转子 3上同轴线轴向 依次并列套装有筒状第一定子 2和筒状第二定子 5。 其技术特点在于，
第一定子 2上缠绕的漆包线匝数 >第二定子 5上缠绕的漆包线匝数。 所述第一定子 2或第二定子 5的轴向两端分别设有定子隔磁环 8以形成 定子隔磁系统。 所述转子 3两端的铁芯与转轴之间设有转子隔磁套管 4。 所 述转子 3的铁芯外端设有转子隔磁环 6'。 该转子隔磁环 6' 朝内一端的两铁 芯之间设有转子分段隔磁 U以形成转子隔磁系统。此处如果转轴采用隔磁金 属制作， 也可以不设转子隔磁套管和转子隔磁环。 上述第一定子 2与第二定 子 5的径向一侧还配有一由外设执行器驱动的传动蜗轮 7， 该传动蜗轮 7在
外设执行器的驱动下带动第一定子 2或第二定子 5在可调几何角度范围内转 动并可在任一位置被锁定。而上述转子 3是为由两个鼠笼条 10条数相同，且 紧密串接在一起的鼠笼式转子组成的复合鼠笼式转子。
由以上可以看出，本发明系采用不同特性电磁力矩合成法，意在改变合 成电磁力矩特性， 既保证设备在额定工况运行时转速较高， 电机效率也高， 又要保证有较好的调节特性。 在调节过程中， 不会因定子电流大幅上升导致 电动机内部损耗的增加， 从而影响节能效果。
由以上还可以看出，采用定子绕组匝数的区别和使用不同电阻率的转子 鼠笼材料， 改变两个鼠笼的长度比例， 可获得不同电磁力矩特性。 如多匝数 定子绕组和高电阻的转子鼠笼条， 电磁力矩曲线如图 2中的 T2， 反之， 电磁 力矩曲线如图 2中 7。 由于 1\和^最大值时的转差率相差较大， 为了避免可 能会出现的合成力矩下凹， 可在转子 3外端的鼠笼端环 9的一侧增加一附加 鼠笼 6， 使其产生的电磁力矩 Τ。给合成力矩 Τ∑以补偿。从图 2可看出， 合成 力矩 Τ∑由 Τ\、 Τ2和 Τ。三个电磁力矩合成， 同时具备高转速的额定电磁力矩 和较好的调节特性。
本发明的工作原理是， 基于磁场， 电流是一种矢量， 可以利用改变两个 磁场的夹角，使它们在同一电动机转子内的感应电流的夹角发生同样的改变， 从而使合成的感应电流相应发生变化，得以完成调节异步电动机转速的目的。 如图 1所示， 设第一定子 2产生的旋转磁场为 F 第二定子 5产生的旋转磁 场为 F2， F^n F2之间的夹角为 Ζα。 如图 3所示， 和 F2在电动机调节段转 子中感应电流 Ι^Β Ι2， 它们之间的夹角也为 Ζα, 合成感应电流为 I。 第二定 子 5在附加鼠笼中的感应电流为 IQ， 不参与电流合成。
当外设执行器驱动传动蜗轮 7时， 第二定子 5转动， 旋转磁场 F2即随之 转动而到 F2' 的位置， 它在电动机调节段中的感应电流 12也相应变到 12' 的 位置， 此时的合成电流则变为 Γ。 可见， Γ 和 I相比较， 其大小和方向都发 生了显著的变化。 从设计上和定子线圈连接入手， 使第一定子 2和第二定子 5的两个旋转磁场转速相同、转向一致。显然， 调节第一定子 2和第二定子 5 之间的夹角 Ζα， 当 Ζα从 Ο Ιδί^变化时， 电动机调节段中的合成感应电流 I 即从最大变到最小。 也就是说， 调节两定子之间的夹角， 可改变合成力矩
?∑的大小， 从而实现异步电动机无级调速的目的。
本发明的有益效果是， 两定子磁场使电动机调节段转子电流合成对电动 机发生影响， 只需通过调整两个定子磁场的夹角即可实现， 并由此达到异步 电动机无级调速。 这说明这种矢量合成法是目前最先进的、 简单可行的调速 方法， 基于这种调速方法的本发明可广泛应用于电力、 化工、 机械、 采矿、 冶金、交通各行业， 充分满足对机械调速的要求， 与当前常用调速机构相比， 具有如下明显的优点和经济效益：
1、在设备结构上， 仅将异步电动机分成两个定子， 由同一电源供电， 无 需附加任何其它设备， 占地少、 节约投资且可靠性高；
2、 安装和运行维护工作量少；
3、调节方法简单。只需改变定子与定子之间的几何夹角的大小， 即可实 现无级调速；
4、 无附加机械调速设备和电气装置， 大大减少了电能和机械能的消耗， 节能效果明显；
5、 可解决目前大容量、 高电压异步电动机调速困难的老大难问题；
6、 能消除大容量电动机启动时， 电源电压大幅度降低的现象；
7、 调速过程中无谐波产生， 避免了谐波对电力系统的危害；
8、有利于实现运动化、 自动化和计算机化。 因此， 大力推广组合力矩式 异步调速电动机， 更能全面满足各行各业生产中工况变化的要求， 实现全面 全过程节能， 对创建现代节能型企业、 实现创新型发展有着现实的、 长远的 意义。
附图说明
图 1为本发明一个具体实施例的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明使用时电磁力矩组合特性参考图；
图 3 为本发明使用时转子电流矢量合成状况参考图
以上图 1〜3中的标示为：
1—外壳，
2—第一定子，
4一转子隔磁套管，
5—第二定子，
6—附加鼠笼，
6， 一转子隔磁环，
7—传动蜗轮，
8—定子隔磁环，
9一鼠笼端环，
10—鼠笼条，
11一转子分段隔磁。
具体实施方式
图 1所示为本发明的一个具体实施例。 参见图 1， 该实施例中外壳 1采 用普通钢制作成筒状， 外附支架， 其外形尺寸为 601 mmX 375 mmX 330mm, 电压为 380V， 三相容量为 5. 5kw。 置于外壳 1中的转子 3呈圆柱形复合鼠笼 结构即由两个鼠笼串联在一起， 该两个鼠笼由三个鼠笼端环 9夹持， 该两个 鼠笼的鼠笼条 10条数相同， 鼠笼条 10由规格为 3mmX 16 mmX 135mm的黄铜 铜材和规格为 3mmX 16 腿 X 135mm的紫铜铜材悍接而成。 转子隔磁环 6， 设 在转子 3两端的铁芯外端。转子分段隔磁 11设在该两端的铁芯之间，即转子 3的铁芯通过分段隔磁 11隔离成两段。转子隔磁套管 4设在转子 3两端的铁 芯与转轴之间。 第一定子 2和第二定子 5均呈筒状， 采用间隔配合方式同轴 线轴向依次并列套装在转子 3上。 第一定子 2和第二定子 5均取用漆包线按 常规方式绕制， 第一定子 2上缠绕的漆包线每相匝数为 360匝， 第二定子 5 上缠绕的漆包线每相匝数为 288匝。 其中第二定子 5的轴向两端分别设置定 子隔磁环 8。 第一定子 2与第二定子 5的径向一侧配置有一个由外设执行器 驱动的， 能使第一定子 2或第二定子 5在可调几何角度范围内转动并在任一 位置被锁定的传动蜗轮 7。
由此构成的本实施例的组合力矩式异步调速电动机经试制、 试用被证明 效果良好， 完全达到了设计要求， 实现了调速和节能的目的。 该电动机的结 构有以下几个特点：
1、该电动机的定子设计为两个，其中任意一个都能在一定几何角度范围
内转动， 并在任一位置都能锁定；
2、两个定子参数可密切配合， 合理选择两鼠笼的比例、材料、 鼠笼条形 状， 以求得优良的电磁力矩特性， 确保良好的调节特性和节能效果；
3、 两个磁场的定子隔磁和转子隔磁效果明显， 性能良好；
4、整机运行状况良好， 振动、 发热、 噪音诸方面都正常。本实施例可直 接对异步电动机进行无级调速， 实践证明其突出优点有：
1、该电动机的两个定子由同一电源供电， 无需附加任何其他设备， 结构 简单、 可靠性高、 节约投资；
2、 调节方法简单， 利于使用人员掌握；
3、 解决了磁调速技术节能效果差的难题；
4、 运行中无附加谐波产生， 有利于电力系统安全；
5、 运行维护工作量小， 故障处理快捷。
Claims
1、 一种组合力矩式异步调速电动机， 具有外壳 （1 )， 该外壳 （1 ) 中， 有圆柱形转子（3)， 所述转子（3)上同轴线轴向依次并列套装有筒状第一定 子 （2) 和筒状第二定子 （5)， 其特征在于，
第一定子 （2) 上缠绕的漆包线匝数〉第二定子 （5) 上缠绕的漆包线匝 数，
所述第一定子（2)或第二定子（5)的轴向两端分别设有定子隔磁环（8) 以形成定子隔磁系统， 所述转子（3)两端的铁芯与转轴之间设有转子隔磁套 管（4)，所述转子（3)的铁芯外端设有转子隔磁环（6' )，该转子隔磁环（6' ) 朝内一端的两铁芯之间设有转子分段隔磁 （11 ) 以形成转子隔磁系统， 上述 第一定子 （2) 与第二定子 （5) 的径向一侧还配有一由外设执行器驱动的传 动蜗轮 （7)， 该传动蜗轮 （7) 在外设执行器的驱动下带动第一定子 （2) 或 第二定子（5)在可调几何角度范围内转动并可在任一位置被锁定， 上述转子 (3)是由两个鼠笼条（10)条数相同，且紧密串接在一起的鼠笼式转子组成。
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| CN103312101A (zh) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-18 | 北京交通大学 | 多定子鼠笼交流异步电动机 |
| CN108599496A (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-28 | 刘建平 | 双定子永磁异步电动机及其调速控制电路 |
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| CN102163894A (zh) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-24 | 李其忠 | 组合力矩式异步调速电动机 |
| CN109639045B (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-09-13 | 六安江淮电机有限公司 | 车载盘式电机的变矩调速方法 |
| CN110601476A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 淮阴工学院 | 径向磁场轴向并列复合电机 |
| CN114069998A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-18 | 上海电机系统节能工程技术研究中心有限公司 | 异步电机及异步电机调速方法 |
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| CN2239675Y (zh) * | 1995-08-07 | 1996-11-06 | 丁一明 | 交流可调速限流起动异步电动机 |
| CN101304203A (zh) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-12 | 李其忠 | 移相变流式异步调速电动机 |
| CN102163894A (zh) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-24 | 李其忠 | 组合力矩式异步调速电动机 |
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| CN2135869Y (zh) * | 1992-09-29 | 1993-06-09 | 李兴源 | 双定子感应电动机及其应用装置 |
| CN2239675Y (zh) * | 1995-08-07 | 1996-11-06 | 丁一明 | 交流可调速限流起动异步电动机 |
| CN101304203A (zh) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-12 | 李其忠 | 移相变流式异步调速电动机 |
| CN102163894A (zh) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-08-24 | 李其忠 | 组合力矩式异步调速电动机 |
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| CN103312101A (zh) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-18 | 北京交通大学 | 多定子鼠笼交流异步电动机 |
| CN108599496A (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-28 | 刘建平 | 双定子永磁异步电动机及其调速控制电路 |
| CN108599496B (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-07-23 | 刘建平 | 双定子永磁异步电动机及其调速控制电路 |
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