WO2012113277A1 - 液滴测量方法及液滴控制方法 - Google Patents

液滴测量方法及液滴控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012113277A1
WO2012113277A1 PCT/CN2012/070594 CN2012070594W WO2012113277A1 WO 2012113277 A1 WO2012113277 A1 WO 2012113277A1 CN 2012070594 W CN2012070594 W CN 2012070594W WO 2012113277 A1 WO2012113277 A1 WO 2012113277A1
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Prior art keywords
droplet
capacitance
microfluidic device
driving electrode
driving
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PCT/CN2012/070594
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴传勇
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上海衡芯生物科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012113277A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012113277A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/227Sensors changing capacitance upon adsorption or absorption of fluid components, e.g. electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensors, MOS capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502769Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
    • B01L3/502784Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
    • B01L3/502792Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0647Handling flowable solids, e.g. microscopic beads, cells, particles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0627Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
    • B01L2300/0645Electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0816Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0848Specific forms of parts of containers
    • B01L2300/0851Bottom walls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/089Virtual walls for guiding liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0415Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
    • B01L2400/0427Electrowetting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microfluidic control technique, and more particularly to a droplet measuring method and a droplet controlling method based on an electrowetting microfluidic device.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the past decade, the Microfluidic System has evolved into a key technology in the life sciences and other fields. It has a wide range of applications in many fields including biotechnology, medical testing, environmental monitoring, food hygiene, and chemical processing. In many cases, microfluidic systems are fabricated using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, such as growing a wide variety of electrodes, electronic circuits, etc. on a wide variety of substrates. .
  • MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • microfluidic control technology which is how to manipulate microfluids quickly, accurately and efficiently.
  • microfluidic control technologies such as vacuum or pressure generated by mechanical pumps, electrophoretic effects (Electrophoresis) and electroosmosis (electroosmosis) generated by high voltage, centrifugal force generated by rotation, piezoelectric effect, and the like.
  • EWOD electrowetting effect on the dielectric material is a reversible phenomenon that changes the surface tension of the liquid by applying an electric potential between the solid electrode and the liquid.
  • Microfluidic devices based on electrowetting effects can perform all steps of liquid handling of biochemical reactions, such as droplet generation, movement, splitting, combining, stirring and mixing, incubation (I nCU bati 0n ), collection, etc. It is of far-reaching significance to achieve biochemical differentiation, such as micro-chemical, automated, and digital.
  • the technique of a single-layer driving electrode microfluidizer is described in WO 2006/124458 US 2008/0038810, and US Pat. No. 6,911,132, and the patent document of WO 2008/101194 A2 describes a two-layer driving electrode.
  • the microfluidic device structure of the two-layer drive electrode has many advantages, such as more versatile design, lower device fabrication cost, and corresponding control instrument design. simple.
  • the structure of the microfluidic control device proposed in WO 2008/101194 A2 and the method of droplet operation have considerable accuracy, but chip fabrication and droplet operation inevitably have random errors, such as in the case of multiple droplets along the same column or row. In the case of occurrence, some droplets may undergo unintentional or unpredictable movement when attempting to move other droplets. The condition (position, size, volume, speed, etc.) of the droplets cannot be accurately monitored. Drop control accuracy and work efficiency.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a droplet measuring method and a droplet controlling method for accurately measuring the overlapping state of a droplet and a driving electrode, and performing corresponding actions such as generating, moving, separating, and merging the droplet. , Improve work efficiency.
  • the present invention provides, in an aspect, a method of measuring a droplet, comprising: providing an electrowetting-based microfluidic device and a capacitance measuring device coupled to the microfluidic device, the microfluidic device comprising a substrate and the lining a driving electrode array including a plurality of driving electrodes; a capacitance measurement of one or more driving electrodes in the microfluidic device by the capacitance measuring device; a capacitance measurement result obtained according to the capacitance measuring device And determining an overlap condition of the droplets in the microfluidic device and the driving electrode.
  • the driving electrode in the driving electrode array is an operation for performing an electrowetting effect on the droplet.
  • the overlapping condition of the droplet and the driving electrode comprises: whether the droplet is present or partially present on the driving electrode, the position of the droplet on the driving electrode, the shape and size of the droplet.
  • the method for performing capacitance measurement comprises a capacitance measurement method based on a resonance method and a capacitance measurement method based on a capacitor charging and discharging method.
  • the present invention provides a droplet control method comprising: providing an electrowetting based microfluidic device and a capacitance measuring device coupled to the microfluidic device, the microfluidic device comprising a substrate and a location a driving electrode array including a plurality of driving electrodes on the substrate; using the capacitance measuring device, performing capacitance measurement on one or more driving electrodes in the microfluidic device to obtain an overlapping condition of the droplets on the driving electrodes, Determining the position of the droplets in the microfluidic device; applying voltage according to a certain order to one or more driving electrodes in the driving electrode array according to a preset operational requirement, controlling the droplets to perform corresponding actions, and controlling the droplets Releasing the voltage on the corresponding driving electrode after completing the corresponding action; performing capacitance measurement on one or more driving electrodes in the microfluidic device by using the capacitance measuring device to ensure that the position of the liquid droplet meets the preset Operational requirements.
  • the controlling the droplet to perform the corresponding action comprises: one or more of generating, moving, splitting, and merging the droplet.
  • the droplet control method further includes: if it is determined by the capacitance measurement that the droplet cannot reach the target position required by the preset operation, determining that the driving electrode is invalid; The droplets operate to bypass the failed drive electrode.
  • the droplet measuring method and the droplet controlling method of the present invention can accurately monitor the overlapping condition (position, size, volume, speed, etc.) of the droplet and the driving electrode, so according to the monitoring result, The droplets can be accurately controlled to perform corresponding actions such as generating, moving, separating, and merging, thereby improving work efficiency.
  • the droplet measuring method of the present invention can also be applied to the microfluidic device.
  • Conduct quality assessment Operate droplets (such as generating, moving, separating, merging) using known experimental conditions (such as the magnitude of the control voltage, the order of the voltage applied to the electrodes, and the interval), and measure the capacitance of the droplets, if The obtained measurement results deviate from the predicted values, indicating that the microfluidic device may have quality problems.
  • the droplet measuring method of the present invention can also measure the change of capacitance over time at a certain fixed position, thereby making it possible to measure and judge the physical, chemical, and biological processes performed in the droplet. For example, generation of bubbles in droplets, growth of protein crystals, Cell Viability, changes in Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and the like.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic illustrations of two mutually 90 degree cross-sections of an electrowetting-based microfluidic device;
  • FIG. 2 is a two-layer structure driven on the surface of a substrate of the microfluidic device of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a droplet measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D are effective capacitances between a first driving electrode and a ground electrode of the first driving electrode layer;
  • FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D are equivalents of effective capacitance between a second driving electrode and a ground electrode in the second driving electrode layer.
  • FIG. 6B is a circuit diagram showing a capacitance measurement method based on a capacitor charging and discharging method
  • FIG. 6C is a circuit diagram showing simultaneous measurement of a plurality of unknown capacitances using a capacitive sensor chip
  • FIG. 7 shows a droplet and a driving electrode. The relationship between the degree of overlap and the measured relative capacitance
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flow chart of the droplet control method of the present invention in one embodiment
  • FIGS. 9A to 9D show the application of the microwetting device based on electrowetting using the present invention.
  • FIG. 10A to 10E show schematic diagrams of application of electrowetting-based microfluidic devices to droplet movement using the present invention
  • Figures 11A to 11D show application of an electrowetting based microfluidic device using the present invention.
  • Figures 12A through 12D show schematic diagrams of the application of the electrowetting based microfluidic device of the present invention to droplet merging.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views of a chip layer in an electrowetting-based microfluidic device, wherein the viewing angles of FIGS. 1A and 1B are different by 90°.
  • a microfluidic device as a digital microfluidic device for microfluidic control, can operate on a liquid in a separate or droplet state.
  • the microfluidic device includes two opposing first chip layers 10, a second chip layer 20, and corresponding control circuitry (not shown in the figures). The first chip layer 10 and the second chip layer 20 in the above microfluidic device will be described in detail below.
  • the first chip layer 10 includes: a first substrate 101 for growing a driving electrode, the first substrate 101 having a phase back surface and an opposite surface; and a first driving electrode layer 103 on the opposite surface of the first substrate 101
  • the driving electrode layer 103 includes a plurality of first driving electrodes disposed in parallel; an electrolyte layer 105 located above the first driving electrode layer 103; a second driving electrode layer 107 located above the electrolyte layer 105, and a second driving electrode layer 107 includes a plurality of second driving electrodes disposed in parallel; and a water-repellent insulating layer 109 located above the second driving electrode layer 107.
  • the plurality of first driving electrodes in the first driving electrode layer 103 and the plurality of second driving in the second driving electrode layer 107 The moving electrodes are arranged to cross each other (for example, to constitute a 90° orthogonal relationship) to form a driving electrode array or grid having a two-layer structure.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic plan view of the driving electrode array in which the chip layer of the microfluidic device exhibits the above two-layer structure in plan view. As shown in FIG. 2, only a part of the grid-shaped driving electrode array is shown here, assuming that: the first driving electrode layer 103 includes five firsts indicated by El, E2, E3, E4, E5, respectively.
  • the second driving electrode layer 107 includes five second driving electrodes respectively indicated by E6, E7, E8, E9, E10, and the plurality of first driving electrodes and the plurality of second driving electrodes are disposed at intersection A drive electrode array in a rectangular grid shape is formed.
  • the electrolyte material is usually added between the plurality of driving electrodes on the same driving electrode layer when the electrolyte layer is grown, but not limited thereto, and the space may be filled with no material or filled with different gases such as air. Nitrogen, helium, argon, etc. All of the drive electrodes in the electrowetting based microfluidic device, whether between the same drive electrode layer or between different drive electrode layers, are electrically non-conducting.
  • the second chip layer 20 includes: a second substrate 201 for growing a ground electrode, the second substrate 201 having a phase back surface facing away from the first chip layer 10 and facing the first chip layer One opposing surface of 10; a ground electrode G on the opposing surface of the second substrate 201; and a water-repellent insulating layer 205 on the ground electrode G.
  • the material used to make the substrate is not critical as long as the surface on which the drive electrodes are arranged is (or is processed) non-conductive. The material should also be sufficiently rigid so that the substrate can substantially retain its original shape when it is made.
  • the substrate can be made of, but not limited to, quartz, glass, or a polymer such as polycarbonate (PC) and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC).
  • the number of drive electrodes can vary from 2 to 100,000; generally, from 2 to 10,000; more preferably, from 2 to 200.
  • the width of each drive electrode in the same layer or the spacing between adjacent drive electrodes may vary from about 0.005 mm to about 10 mm, preferably from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm.
  • the drive electrodes can be made of any electrically conductive material, such as copper, chromium, and indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • the shape of the drive electrodes shown in the drawings is shown as a rectangle, but not limited thereto, and the drive electrodes may take many other shapes to have substantially similar electrowetting effects.
  • Each side of the drive electrode can be straight (as shown), curved or zigzag, and the like.
  • the exact shape of each electrode is not critical, the shape of the electrodes at the same layer should be substantially similar and should be substantially parallel to each other.
  • Materials for the electrolyte layer 105 and the water-repellent insulating layers 109, 205 may be, but not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychloro-p-xylene, silica, etc., preferably, the water-repellent insulating layers 109, 205 The surface is water repellent.
  • the gap between the first chip layer 10 and the second chip layer 20 acts as a run space for the droplets (identified by the letter D) (as shown in Figures 1A, 1B, 2).
  • the droplet D refers to a volume-containing liquid included or partially included in the microfluidic device based on electrowetting for filling liquid or air.
  • Droplet D can have a variety of shapes, such as spheres, discs, cylinders, strips, truncated spheres, ellipsoids, ovals, and droplet operations (eg, separation or merging) Shape.
  • the droplets mentioned in the present invention are generally electrically conductive, and the related operation of the droplets is performed by controlling the first electrode and/or the second electrode in the second chip layer 20.
  • the droplet operation specifically includes: Placing a liquid into a microfluidic device, producing droplets from a liquid reservoir of the microfluidic device, moving the droplets from one location to another, dividing one droplet into two or more, two or more Multiple droplets are synthesized one, agitate the droplets, deform the droplets, incubate the droplets, heat the droplets, remove the droplets from the microfluidic device, and any combination of these operations.
  • the operation of the droplets is effected by selectively applying a voltage to one or more of the driving electrodes.
  • the droplet measuring method includes: S10, providing an electrowetting-based microfluidic device and a capacitance measuring device connected to the microfluidic device, the microfluidic device including a substrate and located at a driving electrode array including a plurality of driving electrodes on the substrate; S12, performing capacitance measurement on one or more driving electrodes in the microfluidic device by using the capacitance measuring device; S14, according to the capacitance measuring device The obtained capacitance measurement results determine the overlap of the droplets in the microfluidic device with the drive electrodes.
  • one of the drive and ground electrodes forms a capacitor.
  • 4A to 4D show an equivalent schematic diagram of the effective capacitance between one of the first driving electrode layers 103 and the ground electrode.
  • 4A is an exploded view of the capacitance contribution of different components between one driving electrode (assumed to be E3) of the first driving electrode layer 103 and the ground electrode G.
  • a capacitor or equivalent capacitor
  • the capacitance value can be calculated by the following formula (the edge effect is ignored here).
  • C s r s 0 A/d ;
  • C is the capacitance value, is the relative dielectric constant, is the absolute dielectric constant, A is the plate area, and d is the distance between the plates.
  • C T1 BC T2 is the equivalent capacitance of the water-repellent insulating layer 109 in the second chip layer 20
  • C B1 and C B2 are equivalent capacitances of the water-repellent insulating layer 109 in the first chip layer
  • C D1 and C D2 are equivalent capacitances of the electrolyte layer 105 between the two driving electrode layers 103, 107
  • Ce is an equivalent capacitance of the electrolyte layer between the plurality of second driving electrodes in the second driving electrode layer 107
  • C M ⁇ BC M2 is the equivalent capacitance of the gap between the first chip layer 10 and the second chip layer 20 of the device (where the droplet is operated)
  • C M3 and C M4 are the first chip layer 10 and the second of the device.
  • the equivalent capacitance at the edge of the droplet between chip layers 20 The water-repellent insulating layer 109 and the electrolyte layer 105 (typically less than 1 micron) are much thinner than the gap between the first chip layer 10 and the second chip layer 20 of the device, thus when the first chip layer 10 and the second layer When there is no droplet in the gap between the chip layers 20, the capacitance value thereof is much smaller than the capacitance values of the water-repellent insulating layer 106 and the electrolyte layer 105.
  • 4B is a circuit diagram representation of FIG. 4A
  • FIG. 4C is an equivalent circuit to FIG. 4B, wherein
  • 1/Ci 1/CTI + 1/CMI + 1/CBI + l/C D i;
  • 1/C 2 1/C T2 + 1/C M2 + 1/C B2 + 1/C D2 + 1/CG;
  • 1/C L1 1/C T2 + 1/C M3 + 1/C B2 + 1/C D2 + 1/C G ;
  • 1/C L2 1/CTI + 1/CBI + 1/C D I ;
  • FIG. 4D is an equivalent circuit to FIG. 4C, in which
  • FIGS. 5A to 5D are at the second driving electrode layer 107.
  • E8 An exploded view of the contribution of a different component of the drive electrode (assumed to be E8) and the ground electrode.
  • C T3 , C T4 and C ⁇ are equivalent capacitances of the water-repellent insulating layer 205 in the second chip layer 20, and C B3 , C B4 , and C B L are the first chip layer 10
  • the equivalent capacitance of the water insulating layer 109, C M3 and C M4 is the equivalent capacitance of the gap between the first chip layer 10 and the second chip layer 20 of the device (where the droplet is operated).
  • the water-repellent insulating layer 109 and the electrolyte layer 105 are much thinner than the gap between the first chip layer 10 and the second chip layer 20 of the device, thus when the first chip layer 10 and the second layer When there is no droplet in the gap between the chip layers 20, the capacitance value thereof is much smaller than the capacitance values of the water-repellent insulating layer 109 and the electrolyte layer 105.
  • FIG. 5B is a circuit diagram representation of Figure 5A
  • FIG. 5D is an equivalent circuit of FIG. 5C, in which
  • Capacitance measurement is performed on one or more driving electrodes in the microfluidic device, and according to the obtained capacitance measurement result, the condition of the droplet in the control device (for example, the position, shape, size, etc. of the droplet) can be determined. .
  • the condition of the droplet in the control device for example, the position, shape, size, etc. of the droplet
  • the capacitance to be measured is used to set the frequency of the oscillator, and when the capacitance to be measured changes, the frequency of the corresponding oscillator also changes.
  • the resonance method the capacitance to be measured is used to set the frequency of the oscillator, and when the capacitance to be measured changes, the frequency of the corresponding oscillator also changes.
  • the magnitude of the capacitance C Eff to be measured can be determined by measuring the frequency of the periodic signal Vp output by the oscillator. There are many methods for measuring the frequency of periodic signals. Now there are many microprocessors, such as the digital microprocessor TMS320F28335 from Texas Instruments, which can directly measure the frequency of signals.
  • Figure 6B shows a circuit diagram of a capacitance measurement method based on capacitor charging and discharging. As shown in Figure 6B, the charging method measures the capacitance by the ability of the capacitor to hold and transfer charge. The voltage applied to a capacitor is proportional to the amount of charge held by its capacitor:
  • V is the voltage of the capacitor
  • Q is the amount of charge held by the capacitor
  • C is the capacitance of the capacitor.
  • Shown in Figure 6B is a way of measuring the capacitance by the charge and discharge method.
  • the known capacitance C Ref is charged to a known voltage value V Ref , and then the switch is switched parallel to the capacitance C Eff to be tested. .
  • the total power before and after the switch is a constant.
  • the capacitance C Eff to be measured can be calculated:
  • the AD7147 a single-electrode capacitive sensor chip designed and manufactured by American company Analog Devices, has 13 input channels that can be used to simultaneously measure 13 capacitors, making capacitance measurement much easier.
  • Figure 6C is an example of using a capacitive sensor chip to simultaneously measure multiple unknown capacitors.
  • the capacitive sensor chip digitally transmits the measured capacitance to the microprocessor. This method has many advantages, such as reducing the impact of environmental noise, simultaneous measurement of multiple channels, and calibration logic on the chip.
  • Fig. 7 shows the relationship between the degree of overlap of the droplets with the driving electrodes and the measured relative capacitance. As shown in Fig.
  • the droplet measuring method of the present invention can accurately measure the overlapping condition (position, size, volume, speed, etc.) of the droplet and the driving electrode, thereby obtaining feedback information related to the droplet, thereby facilitating Subsequent actions (generation, movement, separation, merging, etc.) are performed on the droplets to improve the accuracy and efficiency of droplet control.
  • the droplet measuring method of the present invention can also be applied to the microfluidic device.
  • Conduct quality assessment Operate the droplets (eg, generate, move, separate, combine) using known experimental conditions (such as the magnitude of the control voltage, the order of the voltage applied to the electrodes, and the interval), and perform capacitance measurements on the droplets, if obtained The measurement results deviate from the predicted values, indicating that the microfluidic device may have quality problems.
  • the droplet measuring method of the present invention can also measure the change of capacitance over time at a certain fixed position, thereby making it possible to measure and judge the physical, chemical, and biological processes performed in the droplet. For example, generation of bubbles in droplets, growth of protein crystals, Cell Viability, changes in Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and the like.
  • the droplet measuring method provided by the present invention can monitor the condition (position, size, volume, speed, etc.) of the droplets, and perform corresponding actions on the droplets (generating, moving, separating, merging).
  • the invention provides an accurate feedback information. Therefore, the present invention also provides a droplet control method. As shown in FIG.
  • the droplet control method includes: S20, providing an electrowetting based microfluidic device and a device a capacitance measuring device connected to the microfluidic device; S22, using the capacitance measuring device, performing capacitance measurement on one or more driving electrodes in the microfluidic device to obtain an overlapping condition of the droplet on the driving electrode, determining the Position of the droplets in the microfluidic device; S24, applying voltage according to a certain order to one or more driving electrodes in the driving electrode array according to a preset operation requirement, controlling the droplets to perform corresponding actions, and controlling the droplets to complete Releasing the voltage on the corresponding driving electrode after the corresponding action; S26, using the capacitance measuring device, one or more of the microfluidic devices Driving the electrode to perform capacitance measurement, determining whether the position of the droplet meets the preset operation If it is determined that the position of the liquid droplet meets the preset operation requirement, the partial operation is completed; if it is determined that the position of the liquid droplet does not
  • the controlling the droplet to perform the corresponding action comprises: one or more of generating, moving, splitting, and merging the droplet.
  • the droplet control method further includes: if it is determined by the capacitance measurement that the droplet cannot reach the target position required by the preset operation, determining that the driving electrode is invalid; The droplets operate to bypass the failed drive electrode.
  • FIGs 9A to 9D show schematic diagrams applied to droplet generation. As shown in Fig. 9A, the liquid in the liquid storage chamber LQ is directly on a portion of the driving electrode E8.
  • the driving electrodes are grounded (indicated by the letter G), where "grounding” indicates that the corresponding driving electrode is Set to 0V or close enough to 0V.
  • a certain voltage is applied to the driving electrode E8 (identified by VI, the amplitude is usually less than 100 volts, but should be large enough to observe a significant electrowetting effect or can be used for electrodes in a microfluidic device.
  • the liquid in the liquid storage chamber LQ starts to flow along the driving electrode E8, and the capacitance of the driving electrode E8 is measured, and the liquid and the amount flowing out of the storage chamber LQ (that is, the space of the liquid and the driving electrode E8)
  • the voltage on the drive electrode E8 can be disconnected depending on the volume of the droplet to be produced.
  • Fig. 9C shows that the voltage on the driving electrode E8 is disconnected according to the volume of the droplet to be generated, so that the liquid flowing out of the storage chamber LQ is separated from the storage chamber LQ to form a droplet; meanwhile, the driving electrode E1 is additionally applied.
  • the droplet formed after separation after a certain voltage (V2) starts to spread on the driving electrode E1.
  • a droplet of a known size is generated.
  • the voltage on the driving electrode E8 is turned off, and voltage is applied to, for example, the driving electrode E3 or E4 relatively far from the storage chamber LQ and then turned off, so that a relatively large volume of liquid droplets can be obtained.
  • 10A to 10E show schematic views applied to droplet movement.
  • the initial position of the droplet D is at the intersection of the drive electrodes E3, E7. Initially, the drive electrodes adjacent to the drop D are all grounded (G), so that the drop D is now stationary and balanced.
  • a certain voltage (V3) is applied to the driving electrode E3
  • the droplet D spreads over the driving electrode E3, and the degree of elongation can be judged by measuring the capacitance of the electrode E3.
  • V4 a certain voltage
  • the ductility can be judged by measuring the capacitance of the driving electrode E8.
  • FIG. 10E after the voltage on the driving electrode E8 is turned off, the droplet D becomes a natural circle located at the intersection of the two driving electrodes E3, E8, and the positional movement of the droplet D is completed.
  • 11A to 11D show schematic views applied to droplet separation. As shown in Fig. 11A, the initial position of the droplet D is at the intersection of the two drive electrodes E3, E8. Initially, the drive electrodes adjacent to the drop D are all grounded (G), at which point the drop D is stationary and balanced. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 11D the voltages on the driving electrodes E2, E4 are turned off, and the droplets D1 located at the intersections of the driving electrodes E2, E8 and the droplet D2 located at the intersection of the driving electrodes E4, E8 are formed to realize the droplets.
  • FIG. 12A the initial position of the droplet D3 is at the intersection of the drive electrodes E2 and E8, and the initial position of the droplet D4 is at the intersection of the drive electrodes E4 and E8.
  • the drive electrodes adjacent to the two droplets D3, D4 are all grounded (G), at which point the droplets D1, D2 are stationary and balanced.

Description

液滴测量方法及液滴控制方法 技术领域 本发明涉及一种微流体控制技术, 特别涉及一种基于电润湿的微流器件的液滴测量方法 及液滴控制方法。 背景技术 在过去的十年间, 微流体系统 (Microfluidic System)已经逐渐发展成为生命科学等领域中 的一项关键技术。 在包括生物技术、 医疗检测、 环境监测、 食品卫生、 化工处理在内的多个 领域具有广泛的应用。 在很多情况下, 微流系统都是利用微电子机械系统 (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems , MEMS ) 的技术来制作的, 比如在各种各样的衬底上生长各种各样的 电极、 电子线路等。 例如专利 WO2009/003184 种描述的在微流系统上实现聚合酶链反应 ( Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR )。 微流体系统性能得以发挥的关键和基础是微流体控制技术, 也就是如何快速、 精确和高 效地操纵微量流体。 尽管当前存在诸多微流体控制技术, 例如利用机械泵而产生的真空或压 力、 高电压产生的电泳效应 (Electrophoresis) 和电渗效应 ( Electroosmosis )、 转动产生的离 心力、 压电效应等。 但是, 这些技术通常会有些不足之处, 包括器件制作昂贵、 操作复杂、 能耗高、 耐用性差等, 这也成为制约微流体系统更广泛和成功应用的技术瓶颈之一。 在众多微流体控制技术中, 基于介质材料电润湿 (ElectroWetting On Dielectrics, 简称
EWOD ) 原理的对分离状态的液体 (液滴) 进行操作的微液滴控制技术是一种新兴的微流体 控制技术。 与其它微流体控制技术 (如电渗流、 微机械泵和阀、 热毛细泵等) 相比, EWOD 微液滴控制技术具有实现简单、 功耗低、 无可动部件因而可靠、 尺寸小、 控制功能多而且快 速灵活、 无死体积、 定量化等综合优点。 介质材料上的电润湿效应是一种通过对固体电极和 液体间施加电势来改变液体表面张力的可逆现象。 基于电润湿效应的微流器件可以实现生化反应的液体操作的所有步骤, 例如液滴的产 生、 移动、 拆分、 合并、 搅拌与混合、 孵化 (InCUbati0n)、 收集等, 这对实现生化分应得微 量化、 自动化、 数字化等, 有着深远的意义。 其中, WO 2006/124458 US 2008/0038810、 及 US 6,911,132等专利文献中描述了单层 驱动电极的微流器的技术, 而 WO 2008/101194 A2的专利文献则描述了一种两层驱动电极的 双面电极的微流控制器件的结构, 与前述各专利文献相比, 两层驱动电极的微流器件结构具 有很多优势, 例如设计更通用、 器件制作成本较低、 相应的控制仪器的设计更简单。 专利 WO 2008/101194 A2 中提出的微流控制器件的结构及液滴操作方法有着相当准确 性, 但芯片制作以及液滴操作难免会有随机误差, 例如在多个液滴沿着同一列或行出现的情 况下, 在试图移动其他液滴时某些液滴可能会经历无意的或不可预知的移动, 不能对液滴的 状况 (位置、 大小、 体积、 速度等) 进行准确地监控, 影响液滴控制的准确性和工作效率。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种液滴测量方法及液滴控制方法, 用于准确测量液滴与驱动电 极的交叠状况, 并对液滴进行例如产生、 移动、 分离、 合并等相应动作, 提高工作效率。 本发明在一方面提供一种液滴测量方法, 包括: 提供基于电润湿的微流器件和与所述微 流器件连接的电容测量装置, 所述微流器件包括衬底以及位于所述衬底上、 包含多个驱动电 极的驱动电极阵列; 利用所述电容测量装置, 对所述微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行 电容测量; 根据所述电容测量装置所获得的电容测量结果, 判断出所述微流器件中液滴与所 述驱动电极的交叠状况。 可选地, 所述驱动电极阵列中的驱动电极是用来对所述液滴进行有电润湿效果的操作。 可选地, 所述液滴与所述驱动电极的交叠状况包括: 液滴在驱动电极上是否存在或部分 存在、 液滴在驱动电极上所在的位置、 液滴形状、 大小。 可选地, 所述进行电容测量的方法包括基于谐振法的电容测量法及基于电容器充放电法 的电容测量法。 本发明在另一方面还提供一种液滴控制方法, 包括: 提供基于电润湿的微流器件和与所 述微流器件连接的电容测量装置, 所述微流器件包括衬底以及位于所述衬底上、 包含多个驱 动电极的驱动电极阵列; 利用所述电容测量装置, 对微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行 电容测量, 获得液滴在驱动电极上的交叠状况, 确定所述微流器件中液滴的位置; 根据预设 的操作要求, 对驱动电极阵列中的一个或多个驱动电极依照一定的顺序施加电压, 控制液滴 进行相应动作, 并在控制液滴完成相应动作后释放相应驱动电极上的电压; 利用所述电容测 量装置, 对所述微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量, 以确保所述液滴的位置符 合所述预设的操作要求。 可选地, 所述控制液滴进行相应动作包括: 液滴的产生、 移动、 拆分、 合并中的一种或 多种。 可选地, 所述液滴控制方法还包括: 若通过电容测量后确定得到所述液滴不能到达所述 预设的操作要求的目标位置上时, 则判定所述驱动电极为失效; 重新对液滴进行操作以绕过 所述失效的驱动电极。 相较于现有技术, 本发明的液滴测量方法及液滴控制方法能对液滴与驱动电极的交叠状 况 (位置、 大小、 体积、 速度等) 进行准确地监控, 如此根据监控结果, 可以准确控制液滴 执行产生、 移动、 分离、 合并等相应动作, 提高工作效率。 另外, 根据本微流器件发明能对液滴与驱动电极的交叠状况 (位置、 大小、 体积、 速度 等) 进行准确地监控的技术特点, 本发明的液滴测量方法还可以对微流器件进行质量鉴定。 利用已知的的实验条件 (如控制电压大小、 电极上加电压的顺序及间隔时间等) 对液滴进行 操作 (如产生、 移动、 分离、 合并), 并对液滴进行电容测量, 如果所得到的测量结果与预 计值有偏差, 则表明微流器件可能有质量问题。 再有, 本发明的液滴测量方法还可以对在某一固定位置的液滴进行电容随时间的变化进 行测量, 从而可以对液滴中进行的物理、 化学、 及生物过程进行测量及判断。 例如, 液滴中 气泡的产生、 蛋白质晶体的生长、 细胞活性 (Cell Viability), 毒性 (Cytotoxicity) 的变化、 细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis) 等。
附图说明 图 1A和图 1B为基于电润湿的微流器件的两个相互呈 90度的截面示意图; 图 2为嵌在图 1中微流器件的衬底表面上的双层结构的驱动电极阵列的俯视平面图; 图 3为本发明液滴测量方法在一个实施方式中的流程示意图; 图 4A至 4D为第一驱动电极层中一个第一驱动电极与接地电极之间的有效电容的等效 示意图; 图 5A至 5D为第二驱动电极层中一个第二驱动电极与接地电极之间的有效电容的等效 图 6B显示了一种基于电容器充放电法的电容测量法的电路示意图; 图 6C显示了利用电容式传感器芯片来对多个未知电容同时测量的电路示意图; 图 7显示了液滴与驱动电极的重叠程度与测量所得的相对电容之间的关系; 图 8为本发明液滴控制方法在一个实施方式中的流程示意图; 图 9A至 9D显示了利用本发明基于电润湿的微流器件应用于液滴产生的示意图; 图 10A至 10E显示了利用本发明基于电润湿的微流器件应用于液滴移动的示意图; 图 11A至 11D显示了利用本发明基于电润湿的微流器件应用于液滴分离的示意图; 图 12A至 12D显示了利用本发明基于电润湿的微流器件应用于液滴合并的示意图。
具体实施方式 鉴于现有的微流控制技术不能对液滴的状况 (位置、 大小、 体积、 速度等) 进行准确地 监控, 从而存在影响液滴控制的准确性和工作效率的问题。 因此, 本发明的发明人对现有技 术进行了改进, 提出了一种液滴测量方法及液滴控制方法, 如此, 可以获得良好的与液滴相 关的反馈信息, 能更好、 更准确地对液滴进行控制, 提高工作效率。 以下将通过具体实施例来对本发明所提出的用于基于电润湿的微流器件的液滴测量方法 及液滴控制方法进行详细说明。 请参阅图 1A和图 1B, 为基于电润湿的微流器件中芯片层的截面示意图, 其中图 1A与 图 1B的视角相差 90°。 结合图 1A和图 1B, 微流器件作为进行微流体控制的数字化微流器 件, 可以对以分离形式或液滴状态的液体进行操作。 微流器件包括两个相向设置的第一芯片 层 10、 第二芯片层 20、 以及相应的控制电路 (未在图式中予以显示)。 以下对上述微流器件 中的第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20进行详细说明。 第一芯片层 10包括: 用于生长驱动电极的第一衬底 101, 第一衬底 101 具有一个相背 面和一个相向面; 位于第一衬底 101的相向面上的第一驱动电极层 103, 驱动电极层 103中 包括平行设置的多个第一驱动电极; 位于第一驱动电极层 103之上的电解质层 105; 位于电 解质层 105之上的第二驱动电极层 107, 第二驱动电极层 107中包括平行设置的多个第二驱 动电极; 以及, 位于第二驱动电极层 107之上的厌水绝缘层 109。 特别需要说明的是, 在本 发明中, 第一驱动电极层 103中的多个第一驱动电极和第二驱动电极层 107中的多个第二驱 动电极相互交叉设置 (例如构成 90 °正交关系) 构成为双层结构的驱动电极阵列或格栅。 另 可参阅图 2, 其为微流器件中芯片层在俯视情况下显示出上述双层结构的驱动电极阵列的平 面示意图。 如图 2所示, 在这里, 仅显示的是网格状的驱动电极阵列中的一部分, 假设: 第 一驱动电极层 103包括分别以 El、 E2、 E3、 E4、 E5标示的 5个第一驱动电极, 第二驱动电 极层 107包括分别以 E6、 E7、 E8、 E9、 E10标示的 5个第二驱动电极, 所述多个第一驱动 电极和所述多个第二驱动电极交叉设置, 构成呈矩形网格状的驱动电极阵列。 再有, 同一驱动电极层上的多个驱动电极之间通常在生长电解质层时被添上电解质材 料, 但并不以此为限, 这些空间也可以不放任何材料或充满不同的气体如空气、 氮气、 氦 气、 氩气等。 所述基于电润湿的微流器件中所有的驱动电极之间, 不管是同一驱动电极层之间或不同 驱动电极层之间的, 在电学上都通常是不导通的。 请继续参阅图 1A和图 1B, 第二芯片层 20包括: 用于生长接地电极的第二衬底 201, 第二衬底 201具有背离第一芯片层 10的一个相背面和面向第一芯片层 10的一个相向面; 位 于第二衬底 201的相向面上的接地电极 G; 以及, 位于接地电极 G上的厌水绝缘层 205。 用于制作衬底的材料并不重要, 只要用来布置驱动电极的表面是 (或者被处理成) 不导 电即可。 材料还应当足够坚硬, 以便衬底可以基本上保持制成时的本来形状。 衬底可以由 (但不限于) 石英、 玻璃或诸如聚碳酸醋 (PC) 和环烯烃共聚合物 (COC) 之类的聚合物 制成。 驱动电极的数量可以从 2个变化到 100, 000个; 一般地, 是从 2个到 10, 000个; 更 优选地, 是从 2个到 200个。 同一层中每个驱动电极的宽度或者相邻驱动电极间的间隔可以 在约 0.005mm到约 10mm间变化, 优选地, 是在约 0.05mm到约 2mm间变化。 驱动电极可以由任何导电材料制成, 例如铜、 铬和铟锡氧化物 (ITO) 等制成。 为了方 便, 附图中示出的驱动电极的形状被显示为长方形, 但并不以此为限, 驱动电极可以采用很 多其他形状以具有基本上类似的电润湿效应。 驱动电极的每条边可以是直的 (如图中所 示)、 弯曲的或者锯齿形的等。 尽管每个电极的准确形状并不是严格的, 但是同一层处的电 极形状应当基本相似, 并且彼此应当基本上平行。 用于电解质层 105和厌水绝缘层 109、 205 的材料可以是 (但不限于) 聚四氟乙烯、 聚 氯代对二甲苯和二氧化硅等, 优选地, 厌水绝缘层 109、 205 的表面是厌水性的。 这可以通 过 (但不限于) 将聚四氟乙烯或其他厌水性材料的薄层涂覆在厌水绝缘层 109、 205 上来实 现。 厌水绝缘层 109、 205 还可以使用表面形态技术、 利用网纹表面制成厌水性的或超厌水 性的。 第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间的空隙则作为液滴 (以字母 D作为标识) 的运行 空间 (如图 1A、 1B、 2所示)。 在这里, 液滴 D指的是基于电润湿的微流器件中为填充液体 或空气所包括或部分包括的有一定体积的液体。 液滴 D 可以有各种各样的形状, 例如球 形、 圆盘形、 柱形、 条形、 截断的球形、 椭圆体形、 卵形、 以及液滴操作 (例如分离或合 并) 当中的各种各样形状。 另外, 本发明中所提到的液滴通常是导电的, 通过控制第二芯片 层 20 中的第一电极和 /或第二电极来进行液滴的相关操作, 所述液滴操作具体包括: 将液体 放入微流器件中、 从微流器件的液体储存处产生出液滴、 将液滴从一处移动到另一处、 将一 个液滴分成两个或更多、 将两个或更多液滴合成一个、 对液滴进行搅动、 将液滴变形、 孵化 液滴、 加热液滴、 将液滴从微流器件上移出, 以及任何这些操作的组合。 利用上述基于电润湿的微流器件, 通过给其中的一个或多个驱动电极有选择性地施加电 压, 激发它们, 实现对液滴的操作。 其中, 在液滴的操作中, 需要对液滴的状况进行准确地 监控, 因此, 本发明特别提供了液滴测量方法。 如图 3 所示, 所述液滴测量方法包括: S10, 提供基于电润湿的微流器件和与所述微流器件连接的电容测量装置, 所述微流器件包 括衬底以及位于所述衬底上、 包含多个驱动电极的驱动电极阵列; S12, 利用所述电容测量 装置, 对所述微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量; S14, 根据所述电容测量装 置所获得的电容测量结果, 判断出所述微流器件中液滴与所述驱动电极的交叠状况。 下面对所述液滴测量方法作详细描述。 在基于电润湿的微流器件中, 其中的一个驱动电极和接地电极便组成一个电容器。 图 4A至 4D显示了第一驱动电极层 103中的一个第一驱动电极与接地电极之间的有效 电容的等效示意图。 图 4A是在第一驱动电极层 103的一个驱动电极 (假设为 E3 ) 和接地电极 G之间不同 组成部分的电容贡献的分解图。 在本发明中, 一个电容器 (或等效电容器) 可以被视为一个 平行平板电容器, 对于这种电容器, 其电容值可以用一下公式计算 (这里忽略了边缘效 应)。
C=srs0A/d ; 其中 C 是电容值, 是相对介电常数, 是绝对介电常数, A 是平板面积, d是平板 之间的距离。 如图 4A和 4B, CT1 B CT2是第二芯片层 20中厌水绝缘层 109的等效电容, CB1和 CB2 是第一芯片层 10中厌水绝缘层 109的等效电容, CD1和 CD2是两个驱动电极层 103、 107之 间的电解质层 105 的等效电容, Ce是第二驱动电极层 107 中的多个第二驱动电极之间的电 解质层的等效电容, CM^B CM2是器件第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间的空隙 (液滴被 操作的地方) 的等效电容, CM3和 CM4是器件第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间液滴边缘 处的等效电容。 跟器件第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间的空隙相比, 厌水绝缘层 109和 电解质层 105 (通常小于 1微米) 要薄得多, 因而当第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间的 空隙中没有液滴时, 其电容值比厌水绝缘层 106和电解质层 105的电容值要小得多。 图 4B是图 4A的线路图表达方式, 而图 4C是和图 4B等效的线路, 其中
1/Ci = 1/CTI + 1/CMI + 1/CBI + l/CDi;
1/C2 = 1/CT2 + 1/CM2 + 1/CB2 + 1/CD2 + 1/CG;
1/CL1 = 1/CT2+ 1/CM3 + 1/CB2+ 1/CD2 + 1/CG;
1/CL2 = 1/CTI + 1/CBI + 1/CDI ;
1/CL3 = 1/CTI + 1/CM4 + 1/CB2 + 1/CD2 + 1/CG; 从电容表达的角度, 图 4D是和图 4C等效的线路, 其中
CEffl = d + C2 + d + CL! + CL2+ CL3 + C1 + C2 + C 比图 4A至图 4D稍微简单一些, 图 5A至图 5D是在第二驱动电极层 107的一个驱动电 极 (假设为 E8) 和接地电极之间不同组成部分的电容贡献的分解图。 在图 5A和 5B 中, CT3、 CT4及 C^是第二芯片层 20中厌水绝缘层 205的等效电容, CB3、 CB4、 及 CBL是第一 芯片层 10中厌水绝缘层 109的等效电容, CM3和 CM4是器件第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20 之间的空隙 (液滴被操作的地方) 的等效电容。 跟器件第一芯片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间 的空隙相比, 厌水绝缘层 109和电解质层 105 (通常小于 1微米) 要薄得多, 因而当第一芯 片层 10和第二芯片层 20之间的空隙中没有液滴时, 其电容值比厌水绝缘层 109和电解质层 105的电容值要小得多。 图 5B是图 5A的线路图表达方式, 而图 5C是图 5B等效的线路, 其中 1/C3 = 1/CT3 + 1/CM3 + 1/CBI ; 1/C4 = 1/CT4 + 1/CM4 + 1/CB4; 1/CL = 1/C + 1/CBL。 从电容表达的角度, 图 5D是图 5C等效的线路, 其中
CEff 2= C3 + C4 + CL。 通过对所述微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量, 根据所获得的电容测量结 果, 即可判断出控制装置中液滴的状况 (例如液滴的位置、 形状、 大小等)。 测量电容的方法有很多, 图 6A 显示了一种谐振法的电容测量法的电路示意图。 如图 6A所示, 在谐振法中, 待测的电容被用来设定振荡器的频率, 待测的电容改变时, 相应的 振荡器的频率也随之改变。 在图 6A中, 待测电容 CEff的大小可以通过对振荡器输出的周期 性信号 Vp 的频率的测量来判断。 周期性信号频率的测量方法有很多, 现在有很多微处理 器, 如德州仪器公司 (Texas Instruments) 的数字化微处理器 TMS320F28335 等, 就可以直 接做信号的频率测量。 图 6B 显示了一种基于电容器充放电法的电容测量法的电路示意图。 如图 6B所示, 充 电法测量电容是利用电容器的保持和转移电荷的能力, 加在一个电容器的电压和其电容器持 有的电荷量成正比:
V = Q/C
其中 V是电容器的电压, Q是电容器所持有的电荷量, C是电容器的电容。 在图 6B中显示的是充放电法测量电容的一种方式, 首先, 将已知电容 CRef充电到一个 已知的电压值 VRef, 然后将开关切换与之平行的待测电容 CEff上。 对于一个理想的系统, 开 关转的前后总的电量是一个常数, 通过测量开关切换后的电压 V0ut, 待测电容 CEff的便可以 计算出来了:
CE = (VRe / Vout - 1) CRe 。 传统的高精度电容测量都需要一系列分离电子元件的复杂组合, 而且这些电子元件的连 接和组装也需要相当的技巧。 这些电子元件的选取不光很耗时, 而且在选好之后, 还需要大 量的时间和精力对设计进行定量评估和优化。 由于近来半导体科技的发展, 不少电容测量的 功能都被成功的集成到了单个的半导体芯片上, 这些用于电容测量的半导体芯片的存在, 使 得液滴控制和测量变得更加准确、 经济、 和高效。 例如, 美国公司 Analog Devices设计生产 的单电极电容式传感器芯片 AD7147有 13个输入通道, 可以用于对 13个电容同时进行测 量, 这使得电容测量容易了很多。 图 6C就是利用电容式传感器芯片来对多个未知电容同时 测量的例子, 电容式传感器芯片将测量到的电容值以数字化的方式传输给微处理器。 这个方 法有很多优势, 如降低了环境噪声的影响、 多通道同时测量、 芯片内带有的校准逻辑等。 图 7即显示了液滴与驱动电极的重叠程度与测量所得的相对电容之间的关系, 如图 7所 示, 易知, 液滴与驱动电极重叠程度越大 (即液滴 D 的体积越大), 所测得的相对电容就越 大。 因此可以通过测得的相对电容来判断出液滴与驱动电极的重叠程度。 由此可知, 本发明的液滴测量方法, 能对准确测量出液滴与驱动电极的交叠状况 (位 置、 大小、 体积、 速度等), 从而获得与液滴相关的反馈信息, 以利于在后续对液滴进行相 应的动作 (产生、 移动、 分离、 合并等), 提高液滴控制的准确性和工作效率。 另外, 根据本微流器件发明能对液滴与驱动电极的交叠状况 (位置、 大小、 体积、 速度 等) 进行准确地监控的技术特点, 本发明的液滴测量方法还可以对微流器件进行质量鉴定。 利用已知的实验条件 (如控制电压大小、 电极上加电压的顺序及间隔时间等) 对液滴进行操 作 (如产生、 移动、 分离、 合并), 并对液滴进行电容测量, 如果所得到的测量结果与预计 值有偏差, 则表明微流器件可能有质量问题。 再有, 本发明的液滴测量方法还可以对在某一固定位置的液滴进行电容随时间的变化进 行测量, 从而可以对液滴中进行的物理、 化学、 及生物过程进行测量及判断。 例如, 液滴中 气泡的产生、 蛋白质晶体的生长、 细胞活性 (Cell Viability), 毒性 (Cytotoxicity) 的变化、 细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis ), 等。 如上所述, 由于本发明提供的液滴测量方法可以能对液滴的状况 (位置、 大小、 体积、 速度等) 进行监控, 为后续对液滴进行相应的动作 (产生、 移动、 分离、 合并等) 提供了准 确的反馈信息, 因此, 本发明还提供一种液滴控制方法, 如图 8所示, 所述液滴控制方法包 括: S20, 提供基于电润湿的微流器件和与所述微流器件连接的电容测量装置; S22, 利用所 述电容测量装置, 对微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量, 获得液滴在驱动电极 上的交叠状况, 确定所述微流器件中液滴的位置; S24, 根据预设的操作要求, 对驱动电极 阵列中的一个或多个驱动电极依照一定的顺序施加电压, 控制液滴进行相应动作, 并在控制 液滴完成相应动作后释放相应驱动电极上的电压; S26, 利用所述电容测量装置, 对所述微 流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量, 判定所述液滴的位置是否符合所述预设的操 作要求; 若判定所述液滴的位置符合所述预设的操作要求, 则完成该部分操作; 若判定所述 液滴的位置不符合所述预设的操作要求, 则继续执行步骤 S24, 直至确保所述液滴的位置符 合所述预设的操作要求。 可选地, 在上述步骤中, 所述控制液滴进行相应动作包括: 液滴的产生、 移动、 拆分、 合并中的一种或多种。 可选地, 所述液滴控制方法还包括: 若通过电容测量后确定得到所述液滴不能到达所述 预设的操作要求的目标位置上时, 则判定所述驱动电极为失效; 重新对液滴进行操作以绕过 所述失效的驱动电极。 以下通过实例, 对电容测量在液滴控制中的应用进行详细说明: 图 9A至 9D显示了应用于液滴产生的示意图。 如图 9A所示, 液体储存室 LQ中的液体 直接位于驱动电极 E8 的一部分之上, 最初, 所有驱动电极均接地 (以字母 G作为标识), 在这里, "接地"表示对应的驱动电极被设置成 0V或与 0V足够接近。 如图 9B所示, 在驱 动电极 E8上加一定的电压 (以 VI作为标识, 其幅度通常小于 100伏, 但应当大到可以观 察到明显的电润湿效应或可用于微流器件中电极之间的电容测量), 液体储存室 LQ 中的液 体开始沿着驱动电极 E8流动, 通过对驱动电极 E8进行电容测量, 液体和从储存室 LQ中流 出的量 (也就是液体和驱动电极 E8 的空间重叠) 便可以知道, 以此可以根据需要产生的液 滴的体积来决定何时断开驱动电极 E8 上的电压。 图 9C显示了根据所需产生的液滴的体积 来断开驱动电极 E8 上电压, 使得自储存室 LQ 中流出的液体与储存室 LQ 分离后形成液 滴; 同时, 另在驱动电极 E1上加一定的电压 (V2) 后分离后形成的液滴开始在在驱动电极 E1上延展。 如图 9D所示, 当断开 E1上的电压后, 液体回到自然的圆形, 如此, 一个已知 大小的液滴就被产生出来了。 当然, 例如要形成体积更大的液滴, 也可以: 先在驱动电极 E8 上施加电压, 令储存室 LQ中的液体沿着驱动电极 E8流动, 持续一段时间, 当液体在驱动电极 E8上延展得足够多 时, 断开驱动电极 E8上的电压, 转而在相对远离储存室 LQ的例如驱动电极 E3或 E4上施 加电压并再断开, 如此, 可以获得体积相对更大的液滴。 图 10A至 10E显示了应用于液滴移动的示意图。 如图 10A所示, 液滴 D的初始位置为 驱动电极 E3、 E7 的交点处。 最初, 临近该液滴 D 的驱动电极全部接地 (G), 因而此时液 滴 D是静止且平衡的。 如图 10B所示, 当在驱动电极 E3上施加一定的电压 (V3) 时, 液 滴 D 便会在驱动电极 E3 上延展, 其延展度可通过对电极 E3 的电容测量进行判断。 如图 10C和图 10D所示, 在适当的时候, 断开驱动电极 E3上的电压, 并在驱动电极 E8上施加 一定的电压 (V4), 使得液滴 D移向驱动电极 E8并沿驱动电极 E8延伸, 所述延展度可通 过对驱动电极 E8 的电容测量进行判断。 如图 10E所示, 断开驱动电极 E8上的电压后, 液 滴 D变成位于两个驱动电极 E3、 E8的交点处的自然圆形, 完成液滴 D的位置搬移。 图 11A至 11D显示了应用于液滴分离的示意图。 如图 11A所示, 液滴 D的初始位置为 两个驱动电极 E3、 E8 的交点处。 最初, 临近该液滴 D 的驱动电极全部接地 (G), 此时液 滴 D是静止且平衡的。 如图 11B所示, 当在驱动电极 E8、 E2、 E4上施加一定的电压 (分 别为 V5、 V6、 V7) 时, 液滴便会在驱动电极 E8、 E2、 及 E4上延展, 其延展度可通过对驱 动电极 E8、 E2、 及 E4 的电容测量进行断定。 如图 11C所示, 在适当的时候, 先断开驱动 电极 E8上的电压, 液滴 D被分离成分别在驱动电极 E2、 E4上延展的两部分。 如图 11D所 示, 断开驱动电极 E2、 E4 上的电压, 形成分别位于驱动电极 E2、 E8 的交点处的液滴 D1 和位于驱动电极 E4、 E8的交点处的液滴 D2, 实现液滴 D的拆分。 图 12A至 12D显示了应用于液滴合并的示意图。 如图 12A所示, 液滴 D3的初始位置 为驱动电极 E2和 E8的交点处, 而液滴 D4的初始位置为驱动电极 E4和 E8的交点处。 最 初, 临近这两个液滴 D3、 D4 的驱动电极全部接地 (G), 此时液滴 Dl、 D2 是静止且平衡 的。 如图 12B、 12C 所示, 当在驱动电极 E3、 E8 上施加一定的电压 (分别为 V8、 V9) 时, 这两个液滴 Dl、 D2便首先会在驱动电极 E8上延展并共同朝向驱动电极 E3移动, 直 至两个液滴 Dl、 D2汇合后在驱动电极 E8、 E3上延展, 其延展度可通过对驱动电极 E3、 E8 的电容测量进行断定。 如图 12D所示, 在适当的时候, 先断开驱动电极 E8上的电压, 然后 再断开驱动电极 E3上的电压, 由两个液滴 Dl、 D2合并的液滴液体变成位于两个驱动电极 E3和 E8的交点处呈自然圆形的液滴 D。 上述实施例仅列示性说明本发明的原理及功效, 而非用于限制本发明。 任何熟悉此项技 术的人员均可在不违背本发明的精神及范围下, 对上述实施例进行修改。 因此, 本发明的权 利保护范围, 应如权利要求书所列。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种液滴测量方法, 其特征在于, 所述测量方法包括:
提供基于电润湿的微流器件和与所述微流器件连接的电容测量装置, 所述微流器件包括 衬底以及位于所述衬底上、 包含多个驱动电极的驱动电极阵列;
利用所述电容测量装置, 对所述微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量; 根据所述电容测量装置所获得的电容测量结果, 判断出所述微流器件中液滴与所述驱动 电极的交叠状况。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的液滴测量方法, 其特征在于, 所述驱动电极阵列中的驱动电极是 用来对所述液滴进行有电润湿效果的操作。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的液滴测量方法, 其特征在于, 所述液滴与所述驱动电极的交叠状 况包括: 液滴在驱动电极上是否存在或部分存在、 液滴在驱动电极上所在的位置、 液滴形 状、 大小。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的液滴测量方法, 其特征在于, 所述进行电容测量的方法包括基于 谐振法的电容测量法及基于电容器充放电法的电容测量法。
5. 一种液滴控制方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
提供基于电润湿的微流器件和与所述微流器件连接的电容测量装置, 所述微流器件包括 衬底以及位于所述衬底上、 包含多个驱动电极的驱动电极阵列;
利用所述电容测量装置, 对微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量, 获得液滴 在驱动电极上的交叠状况, 确定所述微流器件中液滴的位置;
根据预设的操作要求, 对驱动电极阵列中的一个或多个驱动电极依照一定的顺序施加电 压, 控制液滴进行相应动作, 并在控制液滴完成相应动作后释放相应驱动电极上的电压; 利用所述电容测量装置, 对所述微流器件中的一个或多个驱动电极进行电容测量, 以确 保所述液滴的位置符合所述预设的操作要求。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的液滴控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述控制液滴进行相应动作包括: 液滴的产生、 移动、 拆分、 合并中的一种或多种。
7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的液滴控制方法, 其特征在于, 还包括: 若通过电容测量后确定得 到所述液滴不能到达所述预设的操作要求的目标位置上时, 则判定所述驱动电极为失效; 重 新对液滴进行操作以绕过所述失效的驱动电极。
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