Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
  • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
  • E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
  • E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
  • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
  • E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
  • E01C7/325—Joining different layers, e.g. by adhesive layers; Intermediate layers, e.g. for the escape of water vapour, for spreading stresses
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
  • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
  • E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
  • E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sealing structure and a building comprising such a structure.
• the invention also relates to a method of sealing a layer of the structure of a building, such as a layer of concrete, and a method of maintaining such a building.
• Construction buildings (structures, bridges, tunnels, %) are subject to construction rules to increase their lifespan and ensure the safety of users.
• these buildings comprise successively a layer of concrete, forming part of the structure of the building, a sealing layer, and a surface coating, such as the roadway in the case of a bridge.
• the waterproofing layer is a bituminous or waterproof resin layer.
• the surface coating has properties related to external stresses, such as adhesion in the case of traffic lanes, adapted to the use of the building.
• the surface coating wears over time, and it is therefore necessary to change this coating.
• the change of the coating most often involves the change of the sealing system, even though this one It did not reach its limited age (its mechanical properties before damage by the maintenance process were satisfactory), which is, on the one hand, detrimental for the users, and, on the other hand, expensive. .
• the invention proposes a sealing structure, adapted to ensure the waterproofness of a concrete layer, characterized in that it successively comprises (from bottom to top) a waterproof bituminous layer, and, above, a layer coating composition comprising mastic-coated aggregates having sealing properties.
• the sealed bituminous layer is composed of a prefabricated bituminous sheet or an asphaltic binder
• the vacuum content of the mix is less than or equal to 5% of voids
• the putty comprises a hydrocarbon binder, a synthetic binder, or a vegetable binder;
• the asphalt layer further comprises a visual warning for an operator, to allow protection of the structure during maintenance operations;
• the visual warning device is a visual warning device internal to the asphalt layer of the sealing structure chosen from
• a coloring pigment in the bituminous layer and / or colored aggregates, and / or o a color different from the binder used in the surface coating;
• the structure furthermore comprises an external visual warning device in a colored surface layer above the asphalt layer;
• the asphalt layer has a thickness of between 2 cm and 5 cm;
• the aggregates of the bituminous layer have a size of between 0 and 10 mm, advantageously between 0 and 8 mm, more advantageously between 0 and 6 mm.
• the invention also includes an assembly which successively (from the bottom upwards) a layer of concrete, optionally a bonding layer, a sealing structure such as above described, possibly another bonding layer, and a surface coating.
• the invention also relates to a method of sealing a concrete layer of a building, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
• the sealing method comprises the following features, taken alone or in any of their technically possible combination:
• the asphalt layer comprises an internal visual warning device for an operator chosen from:
• the method comprises the step of depositing a colored surface layer above the asphalt layer, this surface layer serving as an external visual warning for an operator.
• the sealed bituminous layer is deposited by hot welding in the open, or by semi-adherence, or by hot spreading of a bituminous binder.
• the invention also relates to a method of maintaining a building as described above, in which:
• the asphalt layer comprises an internal visual warning device for an operator, selected from a coloring pigment in the bituminous layer, and / or colored granules, and / or a binder of a different color than the binder used in the surface coating , and or
• this surface layer serving as an external visual warning for an operator
• the maintenance method comprises the steps of operating, during the lifetime of the building, a plurality of surface coating renewal operations without damaging the waterproof bituminous layer and without damaging or limiting the damage. dei the asphalt layer, thus preserving the tightness of the sealing structure.
• An advantage of the invention is to provide a solution to ensure the durability of the seal.
• Another advantage of the invention is to propose a solution for protecting the sealing layer.
• Yet another advantage of the invention is to reduce the duration and the cost of the maintenance operations of the different layers of the building.
• Another advantage of the invention is to propose a solution for a wide range of buildings, in a simple and effective manner, both in new work and in the life of buildings.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a sealing structure according to the invention, protecting a concrete layer of a building;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of steps of a method according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of steps of another method according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a sealing structure 1 according to the invention.
• This structure is adapted to ensure the sealing of liquids (rainwater, runoff, ...) of a concrete layer 8 of a building optimally.
• This layer of concrete generally belongs to the supporting structure of the building, and it is therefore necessary to guarantee its integrity by protecting it from water infiltration.
• the structure 1 is intended to be interposed between the concrete layer which it seals, and a surface coating 5 as a wearing course.
• the structure 1 comprises successively a tight bituminous layer 3, and a layer 4 of asphalt covering it.
• the layer 4 of asphalt is above the tight bituminous layer 3.
• the layer 4 of asphalt comprises aggregates coated with a putty; that is to say a mixture of aggregates and a putty.
• Putty is a mixture of fines and a binder.
• the layer 4 of asphalt thus advantageously comprises:
• aggregates comprising:
• Gravi lons having a minimum weight of 2 mm and less than 10 mm, preferably greater than 2 mm and less than 8 mm, more preferably greater than 2 mm and less than 6 mm. ;
• Fine or "fillers” having a size predominantly less than a hundred microns, preferably about sixty microns (especially, 63 microns).
• the size of the aggregates can be measured by the tests described in standard NF EN 933-2 (version May 1996).
• the particle size of the layer 4 that is to say the size of the aggregates of this layer 4, is between 0 and 10 mm, advantageously between 0 and 8 mm, more advantageously between 0 and 6 mm. It is therefore a mix with small particle size, sometimes called “microenrobé” by the skilled person.
• the asphalt layer is totally different from an asphalt layer or a layer of poured asphalt, as well in its composition, as in its manufacture, its transport, and its implementation.
• the bituminous layer is manufactured by mixing in a kneader chippings, fines, binder and sand.
• the asphalt is manufactured in a asphalt plant, the manufacturing process being rapid (as an indication, approximately 30 seconds), at temperatures typically below 180 ° C.
• a cast asphalt is manufactured in a special plant, intended solely for the production of poured asphalt.
• the method of manufacturing a cast asphalt is characterized by long kneading (1 hour inim um) at elevated temperatures (typically above 180 ° C).
• Asphalt can be implemented via conventional road mechanized means, the implementation generally comprising a compaction step.
• the asphalt is known as "self-placing" and does not require compaction.
• the binder is a product which serves to agglomerate solid particles in solid form in the form of aggregates.
• the binder is either a hydrocarbon binder, a synthetic binder or a vegetable binder.
• the binder can be modified with one or more polymers.
• polymers that can be used for modifying bituminous binders mention may be made of styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene copolymers, terpolymers, such as, for example, the compound of an ethylenic chain with functional groups of butyl acrylate and glycidyl methyl acrylate which provide good stability to the bituminous binder / polymer mixture, the elastomers and plastomers allowing a significant improvement in mechanical performance.
• bitumens may be manufactured by a variety of methods, preferably by physical mixing or crosslinking.
• Bitumens modified with polymers are defined by standard NF EN 14023 and the document "technical guide: use of modified binders, special bitumens and bitumens with additives in road techniques” published by the Central Laboratory of Roads and Bridges LCPC (ISSN 1151-1516 ISBN 2-7208-7140-4).
• the polymer content is advantageously from 1 to 20% (percentage by weight relative to the total weight of the binder).
• the binder is modified with SBS (Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene), or SB (Styrene-Butadiene), or EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate).
• the hydrocarbon binder comprises mainly, but not exclusively, bitumen.
• the layer 4 of asphalt is a bituminous mix comprising aggregates coated with a bituminous mastic.
• Synthetic binders are known to those skilled in the art. They are generally binders obtained from the chemical treatment of bitumen. They are sometimes also called synthetic bitumens.
• the vegetable binder is a binder obtained from agro-resources and / or vegetable matter.
• This binder can optionally further comprise polymers (eg SBS, SB, EVA).
• binder Any type of binder can be used, whether soft or hard.
• the total content of binder is advantageously from 5 to 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the mix.
• the bituminous layer further comprises fibers, mineral or synthetic.
• fibers mineral or synthetic.
• mineral fibers or synthetic fibers means inert fibers that can be used as an additive.
• mineral fibers mention may be made of rockwool.
• synthetic fibers include polymeric fibers, in particular polyester fibers, or cellulose fibers.
• the fibers used may be both long and short size fibers.
• the fiber content in the bituminous layer advantageously varies from 0.1 to 1% by weight, more preferably from 0.3 to 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the bituminous mix.
• the aggregate / sealant formulation is set to ensure the sealing of said layer 4.
• the proportion of mastic with respect to the quantities of aggregates and their size is such that the bituminous layer is watertight or substantially waterproof.
• the sealant serves to seal gaps present in layer 4, in order to reduce the void percentage of the layer, and thus to seal it.
• a step of comacting the layer makes it possible to further reduce the percentage in vacuum.
• This sealing property can be qualified by a vacuum content in the layer 4.
• the coating layer advantageously after compacting, thus has a vacuum content of less than or equal to 5%.
• the void percentage is less than or equal to 3%, even more preferably less than or equal to 2%.
• the vacuum content can be measured by compaction tests in the laboratory (PCG tests), according to standard NF EN 12-697-31.
• a selection of the components of the mix also reduces the vacuum content of the mix.
• the structure 1 is intended to be interposed between the concrete layer which it seals, and a surface coating 5 as a wearing course.
• the surface coating is the most exposed layer of the building, and must therefore have characteristics compatible with this use (traffic support, resistance to external and climatic conditions, guarantee of adhesion of users, noise level guarantee). rolling, comfort, drainability, aesthetics, etc.).
• the sealing structure and the surface coating have different durations of life.
• the surface coating loses its surface characteristics and must be replaced before the sealing structure.
• the order of magnitude of the life of the surface coating is 10 to 15 years, and 20 to 30 years for the sealing structure.
• the layer 4 of asphalt also comprises a visual warning for an operator, to allow protection of the structure during maintenance operations.
• the visual warning device facilitates the identification of the layer 4, in particular for maintenance operations of buildings comprising the structure 1 according to the invention.
• the sealing structure can be preserved integrally or almost completely, and in any case, the sealed layer 3 waterproof bitumen is fully preserved, even if several maintenance operations are conducted on the building, allowing not to change it while its mechanical properties are still satisfactory.
• the visual warning device may be internal to the layer 4 of asphalt; it is then advantageously chosen from:
• colored granules which may advantageously be colored chippings and / or
• the color of the internal visual alarm slices the color of the surface coating.
• the color of the visual horn is chosen to cut with the color of the surface coating, located above layer 4 of asphalt.
• the binder of the surface coating will most often be a bituminous binder, the binder of different color will therefore be advantageously a synthetic binder or vegetable binder. If the binder of the surface coating is a synthetic binder or vegetable binder, then the binder of different color will advantageously be a bituminous binder. In fact, the synthetic binder and the vegetable binder are translucent in thin film, which makes it possible to slice with the dark color of the bituminous binder.
• the color of these visual indicators is chosen so as to be easily visible to an operator, in comparison with the surface coating.
• the materials conventionally used in the surface coating have a gray or dark color. Therefore, non-limiting examples of color for the pigment or aggregates include red or white because they contrast with the colors of the materials conventionally used in the surface coating.
• a color of the pigment or aggregates serving as a visual warning is then a dark shade (for example, but not limited to black).
• the content of pigment or colored granules is easily adapted by the skilled person on the basis of his general knowledge, depending on the desired visual effect.
• this coloring pigment may be iron oxide. Its content in the mix is adapted by the skilled person according to the desired coloring.
• the pigment is initially incorporated in the mixer with aggregates, fines, binder, and sand, during the manufacturing phase of the mix.
• Aggregates are either naturally colored or artificially colored.
• “Naturally colored” means that the color of these aggregates comes from a specificity related to the geology of the rock used to make the aggregates. These include the natural color of the rock used to make these aggregates, or of particular brilliance.
• the artificial coloring of the aggregates is carried out by industrial processes known to those skilled in the art.
• the layer 4 of the mix is colored in the mass, that is to say that the pigment 12 or the naturally colored granules are present throughout the thickness of the layer 4.
• An advantage of colored aggregates is that they do not necessarily require the addition of a pigment in layer 4.
• the structure 1 further comprises a colored surface layer above the layer 4 of asphalt.
• This surface layer has a thickness typically less than 1 cm.
• the asphalt layer 4 has a dual function: it protects the waterproofing layer 3, and complies with the sealing of said layer 3.
• the combination of the waterproofing layer 4 and the waterproof bituminous layer 3 makes it possible to produce a robust and durable waterproofing structure.
• the durability is obtained in particular thanks to the visual warning device present in the layer 4 and / or above the layer 4.
• the structure sealing can be preserved, in particular the waterproof bituminous layer 3 is fully preserved, even if several maintenance operations are carried out on the building, which makes it possible to preserve the integrity of the waterproof bituminous layer 3 and not to change it as long as its mechanical properties meet the requirements.
• the layer 4 has a thickness of between 2 cm and 5 cm.
• the extra thickness formed by the layer 4, and present above the bituminous layer 3, also contributes to the protection of said waterproof bituminous layer 3.
• the waterproof bituminous layer 3 is advantageously a prefabricated bituminous sheet, or a heat-treated lantant, optionally comprising polymers (SBS, SB, EVA, etc.).
• a typical thickness of such a bituminous layer is 0.5 cm.
• the sealed bituminous layer 3 is a prefabricated sheet comprising a polymer-modified bitumen, in particular of the styrene-butadiene type, with a nonwoven polyester reinforcement, and covered with granular protection granularity. between about 1 and 3mm.
• the application method is a conventional method known to those skilled in the art.
• FIG 1 there is shown the sealing structure 1 used to seal a layer of concrete 8 of a building.
• the building optionally comprises a bonding layer 6, which is usually called a bonding layer, between the concrete layer 8 and the sealing structure 1, as well as a bonding layer 7 between the sealing structure 1 and the surface coating.
• a bonding layer 6 which is usually called a bonding layer, between the concrete layer 8 and the sealing structure 1, as well as a bonding layer 7 between the sealing structure 1 and the surface coating.
• the concrete layer 8 is, for example, but not limited to, a layer of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete, conventionally used in construction buildings.
• concrete layer 8 is meant a layer mainly comprising concrete.
• the sealing structure 1 is advantageously bonded to the concrete layer 8 via a bonding layer 6.
• this bonding layer 6 comprises an impregnating varnish.
• this impregnating varnish is dosed at about 300 g. m "2. The dosage is adjusted depending on the state of the layer 8 of concrete.
• the bonding layer 6 allows the tight bituminous layer 3 to adhere better to the layer 8 of concrete.
• a bonding layer 7 may be inserted to increase the adhesion of the surface coating to the asphalt layer 4 of the sealing structure 1 (or to the aforementioned colored surface layer, and located above layer 4).
• the bonding layer 7 is based on a bitumen emulsion.
• the surface coating 5 is in fact the "useful" layer or layers of the building, such as the roadway of a road.
• composition and thickness of the surface coating depend on the use of the building (road, bridge, etc.).
• the composition and the thickness of the coating 5 are chosen so as to respond to the stresses imposed on said coating.
• the concrete layer 8 is first cleaned.
• the method comprises a step E 1 of depositing a bonding layer 6 in contact with the concrete layer 8 of the building.
• This bonding layer 6 is deposited manually or in mechanized application. This is a discussion of the nature of the invention as described above. This step remains optional and depends on the use or not of a link layer 6.
• Another step E2 consists in depositing a tight bituminous layer 3 in contact with the concrete layer 8, or, if appropriate, with the bonding layer 6. This is a sealed bituminous layer 3 as previously described.
• the sealed bituminous layer 3 can for example be a prefabricated bituminous sheet and packaged in rolls, or a heat-spread binder, and optionally comprising polymers (SBS, SB, EVA, etc.).
• the lower face of the bituminous layer 3, facing the layer 8 of concrete is heated so as to weld the layer 3 to the concrete layer 8 via the bonding layer 6 when it is present.
• This hot welding is carried out in full surface to obtain a total adhesion.
• This hot welding is generally performed at temperatures above 100 ° C.
• the layer 3 is a layer semi-adherent to the concrete layer 8, via the bonding layer 6.
• a subsequent step E3 consists in depositing the layer 4 of the mix as previously described, above the sealed bitumen layer 3.
• the layer 4 further comprises an internal visual warning as described above.
• a colored surface layer is deposited above the layer 4, to ensure the function of external visual alarm.
• the layer 4 is deposited, in most cases, using road mechanized means.
• Coat 4 is also generally com pressed by a compactor known to those skilled in the art.
• the previously described method makes it possible to ensure a tightness of the concrete layer 8 of the building, with a durable and robust sealing structure.
• the method generally comprises a subsequent step E4 consisting of depositing a bonding layer 7 over the layer 4 of the bituminous mix, and depositing a surface coating on top of this bonding layer 7.
• the bonding layer 7 is however optional.
• the coating 5 is covered with the surface as previously described.
• the invention also relates to a method of maintenance of the surface coating of a building comprising a sealing structure according to the invention.
• the method comprises a step S1 of deconstructing the surface coating of the building.
• This deconstruction can for example be carried out by mechanized road means, for example using rotating drum machines with teeth moving on the road.
• the method further comprises a step S2 of adapting the deconstruction operation in the event of appearance on the surface of a visual warning device, in order to avoid damage to the waterproof bituminous layer 3, and to avoid or limit damage to the layer 4 of asphalt.
• the internal visual warning device is advantageously the coloring pigment 12 of the layer 4, and / or the naturally colored granules present in the layer 4, and / or the binder of a different color than the binder used in the surface coating, such as previously described.
• an operator carrying out the operations of deconstruction of the coating 5 can immediately and visually identify that the surface of the layer 4 of asphalt, situated at the interface between said layer 4 and the coating 5 ( or between said layer 4 and the bonding layer 7) has been reached.
• the operator can correct the working height and / or the deconstruction intensity. This thus makes it possible to preserve the sealed bituminous layer 3 and the coated layer 4.
• the structure 1 further comprises a colored surface layer above the layer 4 asphalt, it is the color of the surface layer that acts as an external visual warning.
• layer 4 constitutes an excess thickness above layer 3, which protects it during maintenance operations.
• bituminous layer comprises (the percentages are by weight, relative to the total weight of the bituminous layer):
• binder for example Styrelf 13/40: 9.1%.
• This layer has the following mechanical performances (standard NF EN 12697-12, method A)):
• the invention has many advantages. It makes it possible to ensure the durability of the seal during several maintenance sequences (renewal of the layer or layers of the surface coating).
• the cost of maintenance operations of the building are reduced.
• the duration of unavailability of the building for users is reduced, since the waterproofing structure is durable and robust.
• the invention can be applied to many concrete structures in a simple and effective manner, both in new work and in the life of buildings.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-02-03 FR FR1150869A patent/FR2971269B1/fr active Active
• 2012
  • 2012-02-02 FR FR1250995A patent/FR2971270B1/fr active Active
  • 2012-02-03 EP EP12701765.5A patent/EP2670918A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-02-03 CA CA2826055A patent/CA2826055C/fr active Active
  • 2012-02-03 WO PCT/EP2012/051894 patent/WO2012104427A1/fr active Application Filing

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