WO2012101466A1 - System for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with or without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds by means of a vortex device - Google Patents

System for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with or without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds by means of a vortex device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012101466A1
WO2012101466A1 PCT/IB2011/000185 IB2011000185W WO2012101466A1 WO 2012101466 A1 WO2012101466 A1 WO 2012101466A1 IB 2011000185 W IB2011000185 W IB 2011000185W WO 2012101466 A1 WO2012101466 A1 WO 2012101466A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plastic
paper
silicones
adhesives
vortex machine
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Application number
PCT/IB2011/000185
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
John BOHORQUEZ
Sandra BOHORQUEZ
Original Assignee
Bohorquez John
Bohorquez Sandra
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Application filed by Bohorquez John, Bohorquez Sandra filed Critical Bohorquez John
Priority to PCT/IB2011/000185 priority Critical patent/WO2012101466A1/en
Publication of WO2012101466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012101466A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/048—Cutter-compactors, e.g. of the EREMA type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • This invention is related to the graphic arts industry, specifically with plastic films (polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene) and papers, with and without adhesive applications (acrylic emulsions) and backs with and without silicone.
  • plastic films polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene
  • adhesive applications acrylic emulsions
  • backs with and without silicone.
  • cellulose alloy system present on paper with plastic polymers, for obtaining pellets by means of extrusion processes.
  • silicone papers are used a second time generally as packaging material, without this being a very suitable recycling method, but rather a way of using them.
  • Said method consists of locating the silicone and self-adhesive papers in a pulping hydro, which erodes and amalgams them. The material thus obtained is poured into molds, pressed and exposed to temperatures in drying ovens.
  • This system has many disadvantages. First, the amount of water needed for the system is high, and this water, although it can be used in more than one cycle, reaches a point where the presence of chemicals and lumps is no longer usable. Additionally, filtering and water treatment generates subsequent costs. Similarly, self-adhesive papers generate solid waste that must be dumped in landfills and that are not recyclable. In other words, although the product is partially recovered, the cost and the discharges generated are high.
  • polyester With regard to polyester, it is necessary to distinguish between polyester without adhesives and without silicones on the one hand, which today is recycled in the textile and plastic wood industries; and polyester with adhesives and silicones on the other, which is currently not recycled due to lack of a suitable method for this.
  • the system of Transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not at any time use chemical agents, using a physical method, so it has a positive environmental impact.
  • the system for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not cause any damage to the material being treated, which is why its recyclability percentage is not reduced.
  • silicone paper as a packaging material
  • the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the obvious advantage of being a system to recycle the material, convert it into other new products, different to take advantage of it as a kind of packaging.
  • the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is a closed cycle: only water is used for cooling and it does not enter in direct contact with the materials. In this way, the water used is not contaminated and can be recirculated. Additionally, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not produce waste, all the products produced can be used, even products that do not meet quality standards can be reprocessed and At the end of their useful life they can return to the same process, without degenerating or losing the virtues of their first cycle, the system guarantees that there is no loss of material.
  • the plastic polymer film and paper transformation system with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the advantage of making it possible with lower costs and without affecting or damaging the fibers, which are totally reused.
  • the system for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the advantage of allowing the polyester to be recycled when it has adhesives and when it has silicones, constituting a remarkable advance in the state of The technique.
  • the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the great advantage over the state of the art developed, to allow recycling of heterogeneous materials under a single scheme, which currently, if They are recycled, require different recycling processes, such as polyester, polypropylene and paper, regardless of whether they have adhesive, silicone or other chemical substances.
  • FIGURE 1 A first figure.
  • FIGURE 3 Isometric view of the axis with blades of the vertex machine.
  • the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is made up of several phases, among which it is important to highlight the presence of a vortex mincing machine.
  • the plastics are separated from the papers, in such a way that with this method the process of each other is independent and they are not crushed together. Indeed, after such separation, the materials thus obtained are inserted separately in a chopper, first chopping the plastic and then the paper. Chopping the materials separately gives small-sized pieces for both materials.
  • Said chopper is composed of a cylindrical main body (FIGURE 1 - A) of a variable height between 1.30 meters and 1.70 meters, preferably 1.50 meters, and a diameter between 40 centimeters and 60 centimeters, preferably 50 centimeters.
  • Said main body rests on a support (FIGURE 1 - B), which, in addition to supporting the weight of the main body, also supports the three-phase high rotation motor with between 25 and 30 horsepower (FIGURE 1 - C), whose head is embedded in the support and which is located at the lower end of the main body.
  • the hopper At the upper end of the main body and in a lateral position, the hopper (FGURA 1 - D) is located through which the shredded papers are inserted.
  • the total height, including the support and the hopper, is between 2.20 meters and 2.70 meters, preferably 2.40 meters.
  • the hopper (FIGURE 1 - D) is of sealing action to prevent the escape of paper particles, through a sliding sheet (FIGURE 1 - O), which is located at the base of the hopper, where it joins the main body.
  • a central axis (FIGURE 2 - E) along which is a series of 14 blades of tempered steel, with a thickness not exceeding 5 millimeters (FIGURE 2 - F).
  • the central axis has a height of approximately 1.70 centimeters and a diameter of 4 inches. The blades fit with each other by means of female and male eyelashes, so as not to interlace.
  • both the shaft and each blade have a channel 0.3 centimeters deep, in which a 0.6 cm steel wedge is inserted, which secures each blade to the shaft. Additionally, blades number 1 and 14 are secured by means of a 10 mm long screw, located outside the base of the blade.
  • the three lower blades are differentiated (FIGURE 3) from the upper blades (FIGURE 4).
  • the upper blades have a length of 98 centimeters, and the shape of an elongated rhombus, whose external tips (FIGURE 4 - L) are cut, being located in the center of said rhombus, at an equidistant distance from the extremities, the cavity that receives the system of coupling of the blades with the central axis (FIGURE 4 - M).
  • the lower blades that have a length of 85 centimeters and are composed of two flat rectangles which are sealed to the axis of support of the blades generating opposite angles with a calculated inclination that generates an angle of 22.5 degrees with respect to the surface (FIGURE 3 - N).
  • the lower blades are shorter to allow greater material rotation. Indeed, since the upper blades are separated from the inner walls of the main body only an inch apart, if this scheme is repeated throughout the entire main body the material would stick from the inner walls and would not go outside.
  • the blades Lower being shorter, allow the paper to fall by gravity. Additionally, the angle of the lower blades allows, when the crumbled paper falls, it is again propelled towards the upper blades, so that it obtains a material that will finally be very pulverized.
  • the shaft is connected to the main body by a system of pulleys (FIGURE 5 - H) and bearings (FIGURE 1 - I, FIGURE 5 - 1) rotating at around 6,000 to 7,000 revolutions per minute.
  • the main body consists of two cylindrical bodies, the one includes the other, thus generating a space (FIGURE 1 - J, FIGURE 6 - J) in which a serpentine or spiral of 2.5 cm in diameter is arranged which conducts water, allowing the cold water inlet at the top which is warmer at the bottom.
  • the circuit is closed, the spiral connects to a cooling tower, thanks to which the warm water returns again to the upper part of the cold main body.
  • the internal temperature of the machine is maintained between 5 and 8 degrees Celsius constantly, preventing the paper fiber during its extraction from burning due to high rotation and friction.
  • the pulp of the paper is obtained in approximately 2 minutes.
  • This machine has the advantage, compared to those found in the state of the art, that the fiber is extracted without being damaged, completely dry and in a crumbled manner. This saves the two phases necessary today in the state of the art to obtain a similar fluff, since the pieces of paper when crumbled have dimensions that require a subsequent operation of water bathing, which is saved by means of this process, thus reducing costs and time. Additionally, thus the quality of the final product is benefited, since it allows better homogenization in the formation of amalgams.
  • the mixtures of cellulose quantities thus obtained are made with the polymers obtained with the first chopper. These materials are mixed in varying proportions according to the specifications of the final product and mixed in an activated barrel with a rotating movement. A mixed material is thus obtained.
  • the next step is to introduce this mixture into an extruder with a forced feed hopper since the material is light.
  • the material is homogenized by taking a liquid / gelatinous state along the extrusion screw and the different temperature zones, the material is thus directed in orientation to the nozzle, and when entering it sets for later to be cut when exiting through the nozzle in the form of cylindrical pellets lcm thick by 2cms in length.
  • the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is simple to operate, with significantly reduced operating costs, since in addition to allowing full recycling, without surplus production, water is used in a closed cycle, therefore not contaminating it or generating a waste of it. It should also be noted that the surplus generated by surplus companies, thanks to the system of transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds becomes a gain in image and economy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with or without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds, using a vortex device. The device comprises a cylindrical main body (A) formed by two coaxial cylindrical bodies, between which is provided a coil with cooling water. The main body (A) rests on a support (B) which also supports a motor (C) located at the lower end of the main body (A). In addition, a hopper (D) is provided at the upper end of the main body (A). The main body (A) includes a central shaft (E) with a series of tempered steel blades (F). This apparatus can be used to produce pellets by recycling materials using a process in which said materials are shredded separately, with the paper being subsequently subjected to a second shredding process in a vortex device, and thereafter the components are mixed without water.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN  DESCRIPTION
SISTEMA DE TRANSFORMACIÓN DE PELÍCULAS DE POLÍMEROS PLÁSTICOS Y DE PAPELES CON Y SIN ADHESIVOS Y SILICONAS A COMPUESTOSSYSTEM OF TRANSFORMATION OF FILMS OF PLASTIC POLYMERS AND OF PAPERS WITH AND WITHOUT ADHESIVES AND SILICONES TO COMPOUNDS
PLÁSTICOS POR MEDIO DE UNA MÁQUINA VÓRTEX PLASTICS THROUGH A VTEX MACHINE
1 - CAMPO TÉCNICO 1 - TECHNICAL FIELD
Esta invención está relacionada con la industria de artes gráficas, específicamente con las películas plásticas (polipropileno, poliéster, polietileno) y papeles, con y sin aplicaciones de adhesivos (emulsiones acrflicas) y respaldos con y sin silicona. En particular, se trata de un sistema de aleación de la celulosa presente en el papel con los polímeros plásticos, para la obtención de pellets por medio de procesos de extrusión. This invention is related to the graphic arts industry, specifically with plastic films (polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene) and papers, with and without adhesive applications (acrylic emulsions) and backs with and without silicone. In particular, it is a cellulose alloy system present on paper with plastic polymers, for obtaining pellets by means of extrusion processes.
El problema que se presenta hoy en día consiste en que los polímeros utilizados por las industrias de artes gráficas no son reciclados por no conocerse un método apropiado para ello, causando sobrecostos para las empresas productoras y afectando el medio ambiente. The problem that arises today is that the polymers used by the graphic arts industries are not recycled because an appropriate method is not known, causing cost overruns for producing companies and affecting the environment.
i 2 - ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA i 2 - STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
El problema de los desechos de películas plásticas autoadhesivas es que hasta la fecha no existe un método adecuado para reciclarlos; igualmente no existen métodos adecuados para reciclar papeles siliconados y con adhesivo, siendo todos éstos subproductos de las industrias de artes gráficas. En otras palabras, la única manera de disponer dicho material es vertiéndolo en rellenos sanitarios, con consecuencias desfavorables para el medio ambiente. The problem with the waste of self-adhesive plastic films is that to date there is no adequate method to recycle them; There are also no adequate methods to recycle silicone and adhesive papers, all of which are by-products of the graphic arts industries. In other words, the only way to dispose of this material is to pour it into landfills, with adverse consequences for the environment.
Por otra parte, en el caso de papeles con aplicación de silicona y adhesivo, el problema de su reciclaje se resuelve en el estado de la técnica de las siguientes maneras: On the other hand, in the case of papers with silicone and adhesive application, the recycling problem is solved in the state of the art in the following ways:
- Los papeles siliconados se reciclan en procesos de producción de cartones, nuevos papeles y materiales de empaque como por ejemplo bandejas para huevos y en general sustitutos del poliestireno expandido en el embalaje de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos. - Silicone papers are recycled in cardboard production processes, new papers and packaging materials such as egg trays and in general substitutes for expanded polystyrene in the packaging of electrical and electronic equipment.
- En el caso del reciclaje de papeles siliconados para producir nuevos papeles, se ha encontrado que la fibra es corta y su contenido de fibra es pobre, razón por la cual se hace necesario adicionar fibra de otras fuentes incluso primarias. - In the case of recycling silicone papers to produce new papers, it has been found that the fiber is short and its fiber content is poor, which is why it is necessary to add fiber from other primary sources.
- Por otro lado, los papeles siliconados se utilizan una segunda vez generalmente como material de embalaje, sin ser este un método de reciclaje muy adecuado, sino más bien una manera de aprovechamiento de los mismos. Dicho método consiste en ubicar los papeles siliconados y autoadhesivos en una hidro despulpadora, la cual los erosiona y amalgama. El material así obtenido es vertido en moldes, prensado y expuesto a temperaturas en hornos de secado. Este sistema presenta muchas desventajas. En primer lugar la cantidad de agua necesaria para el sistema es alta, además esta agua, aunque puede ser utilizada en más de un ciclo, llega a un punto en el que por la presencia de químicos y de grumos ya no es utilizable. Adicionalmente, el filtrado y tratamiento de las aguas genera costos posteriores. Igualmente, los papeles autoadhesivos generan residuos sólidos que deberán verterse en rellenos sanitarios y que no son de por sí reciclables. En otras palabras, aunque se recupera parcialmente el producto, el costo y los vertimientos generados son altos. - On the other hand, silicone papers are used a second time generally as packaging material, without this being a very suitable recycling method, but rather a way of using them. Said method consists of locating the silicone and self-adhesive papers in a pulping hydro, which erodes and amalgams them. The material thus obtained is poured into molds, pressed and exposed to temperatures in drying ovens. This system has many disadvantages. First, the amount of water needed for the system is high, and this water, although it can be used in more than one cycle, reaches a point where the presence of chemicals and lumps is no longer usable. Additionally, filtering and water treatment generates subsequent costs. Similarly, self-adhesive papers generate solid waste that must be dumped in landfills and that are not recyclable. In other words, although the product is partially recovered, the cost and the discharges generated are high.
- Los papeles con adhesivo por sí solos presentan inconvenientes para su reciclado. Muchas empresas han intentado extraerles el adhesivo, pero estos sistemas no son viables ya que son extremadamente costosos y producen una mínima cantidad recuperable, debido a que se deterioran las fibras con los químicos adicionados para la extracción del adhesivo. - The papers with adhesive alone present inconveniences for recycling. Many companies have tried to extract the adhesive, but these systems are not viable since they are extremely expensive and produce a minimum recoverable amount, because the fibers deteriorate with the chemicals added for the extraction of the adhesive.
- En lo que respecta al poliéster, hay que distinguir entre poliéster sin adhesivos y sin siliconas por un lado, el cual hoy en día se recicla en las industrias textiles y en las industrias de maderas plásticas; y poliéster con adhesivos y con siliconas por el otro, el cual actualmente no se recicla por falta de un método adecuado para ello. - With regard to polyester, it is necessary to distinguish between polyester without adhesives and without silicones on the one hand, which today is recycled in the textile and plastic wood industries; and polyester with adhesives and silicones on the other, which is currently not recycled due to lack of a suitable method for this.
El sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos supera todos estos pasados intentos, ya que permite reciclar los excedentes de polipropileno autoadhesivo con respaldo, con o sin impresión, superando de tal manera ostensiblemente el estado actual de la técnica. The system for transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds exceeds all these past attempts, since it allows recycling of surpluses of self-adhesive polypropylene with backing, with or without printing, thereby significantly exceeding the Current state of the art.
- Respecto al reciclaje de papeles siliconados, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos no se sirve en ningún momento de agentes químicos, utilizándose un método físico, por lo que tiene un impacto ambiental positivo. - Regarding the recycling of silicone papers, the system of Transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not at any time use chemical agents, using a physical method, so it has a positive environmental impact.
Adicionalmente, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos no causa ningún daño en el material objeto de tratamiento, razón por la cual no se disminuye su porcentaje de reciclabilidad. En lo que respecta al uso del papel siliconado como material de embalaje, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos presenta la ventaja evidente de ser un sistema para reciclar el material, convertirlo en otros productos nuevos, diferente a aprovecharlo como una especie de empaque. Additionally, the system for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not cause any damage to the material being treated, which is why its recyclability percentage is not reduced. With regard to the use of silicone paper as a packaging material, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the obvious advantage of being a system to recycle the material, convert it into other new products, different to take advantage of it as a kind of packaging.
Respecto al sistema de reciclaje del papel siliconado junto con el papel autoadhesivo, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos es un ciclo cerrado: únicamente se utiliza agua para refrigeración y ésta no entra en contacto directo con los materiales. De esta manera, el agua empleada no se contamina y se puede recircular. Adicionalmente, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos no produce desechos, todo el producido es utilizable, incluso los productos que no cumplan con los estándares de calidad, se pueden reprocesar y por ende al final de su vida útil se pueden reincorporar al mismo proceso, sin degenerarse ni perderse las virtudes de su primer ciclo, el sistema garantiza que no hay ninguna pérdida de material. Regarding the recycling system of siliconized paper together with self-adhesive paper, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is a closed cycle: only water is used for cooling and it does not enter in direct contact with the materials. In this way, the water used is not contaminated and can be recirculated. Additionally, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not produce waste, all the products produced can be used, even products that do not meet quality standards can be reprocessed and At the end of their useful life they can return to the same process, without degenerating or losing the virtues of their first cycle, the system guarantees that there is no loss of material.
Respecto a los sistemas de reciclaje de papel adhesivo, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos presenta la ventaja de hacerlo posible con costos inferiores y sin afectar ni dañar las fibras, las cuales son totalmente reutilizadas. Regarding the adhesive paper recycling systems, the plastic polymer film and paper transformation system with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the advantage of making it possible with lower costs and without affecting or damaging the fibers, which are totally reused.
- Respecto al poliéster, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos presenta la ventaja de permitir reciclar el poliéster cuando tiene adhesivos y cuando tiene siliconas, constituyendo un avance notable en el estado de la técnica. - Regarding polyester, the system for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the advantage of allowing the polyester to be recycled when it has adhesives and when it has silicones, constituting a remarkable advance in the state of The technique.
En resumen, el sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos presenta la gran ventaja respecto al estado de la técnica desarrollado, de permitir reciclar materiales heterogéneos bajo un único esquema, que actualmente, si se reciclan, requieren de procesos de reciclaje distintos, como el poliéster, el polipropileno y el papel, independientemente de que tengan adhesivo, silicona u otras sustancias químicas. In summary, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the great advantage over the state of the art developed, to allow recycling of heterogeneous materials under a single scheme, which currently, if They are recycled, require different recycling processes, such as polyester, polypropylene and paper, regardless of whether they have adhesive, silicone or other chemical substances.
3 - DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS 3 - DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIGURA 1 FIGURE 1
Vista isométrica de la máquina vértex.  Isometric view of the vertex machine.
FIGURA 2 FIGURE 2
Vista isométrica del eje con cuchillas de la máquina vértex. FIGURA 3 Isometric view of the axis with blades of the vertex machine. FIGURE 3
Vista isométrica de una cuchilla superior o genérica.  Isometric view of a top or generic blade.
FIGURA 4  FIGURE 4
Vista isométrica de una cuchilla inferior  Isometric view of a bottom blade
FIGURA 5 FIGURE 5
Vista lateral y cortada de la máquina vértex.  Side and cut view of the vertex machine.
FIGURA 6 FIGURE 6
Vista superior y cortada de la máquina vértex. Top and cut view of the vertex machine.
4 - DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA PATENTE 4 - DESCRIPTION OF THE PATENT
El sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos se compone de varias fases entre las cuales es importante resaltar la presencia de una máquina picadora de efecto vórtex. The system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is made up of several phases, among which it is important to highlight the presence of a vortex mincing machine.
En primer lugar, se procede a separar los plásticos de los papeles, de manera tal que con este método el proceso de los unos y de los otros es independiente y no se trituran juntos. En efecto, posterior a dicha separación, los materiales así obtenidos se insertan separadamente en una picadora, picando primero el plástico y luego el papel. Picando los materiales por separado se obtienen pedazos de dimensión pequeña para ambos materiales. In the first place, the plastics are separated from the papers, in such a way that with this method the process of each other is independent and they are not crushed together. Indeed, after such separation, the materials thus obtained are inserted separately in a chopper, first chopping the plastic and then the paper. Chopping the materials separately gives small-sized pieces for both materials.
Los pedazos desmenuzados de papel así obtenidos enfrentan un nuevo proceso en una picadora de efecto vortex (FIGURA 1). Dicha picadora se compone por un cuerpo principal de forma cilindrica (FIGURA 1 - A) de una altura variable entre 1,30 metros y 1,70 metros, preferiblemente 1,50 metros, y un diámetro entre 40 centímetros y 60 centímetros, preferiblemente 50 centímetros. Dicho cuerpo principal reposa sobre un soporte (FIGURA 1 - B), el cual, además de sostener el peso del cuerpo principal, sostiene también el motor trifásico de alta rotación con entre 25 y 30 caballos de fuerza (FIGURA 1 - C), cuya cabeza está encajada en el soporte y el cual se ubica en el extremo inferior del cuerpo principal. En el extremo superior del cuerpo principal y en una posición lateral, se ubica la tolva (FGURA 1 - D) a través de la cual se insertan los papeles desmenuzados. La altura total, incluyendo el soporte y la tolva, viene a ser entre 2,20 metros y 2,70 metros, preferiblemente 2,40 metros. The shredded pieces of paper thus obtained face a new process in a vortex chopper (FIGURE 1). Said chopper is composed of a cylindrical main body (FIGURE 1 - A) of a variable height between 1.30 meters and 1.70 meters, preferably 1.50 meters, and a diameter between 40 centimeters and 60 centimeters, preferably 50 centimeters. Said main body rests on a support (FIGURE 1 - B), which, in addition to supporting the weight of the main body, also supports the three-phase high rotation motor with between 25 and 30 horsepower (FIGURE 1 - C), whose head is embedded in the support and which is located at the lower end of the main body. At the upper end of the main body and in a lateral position, the hopper (FGURA 1 - D) is located through which the shredded papers are inserted. The total height, including the support and the hopper, is between 2.20 meters and 2.70 meters, preferably 2.40 meters.
La tolva (FIGURA 1 - D) es de acción selladora para prevenir el escape de partículas de papel, a través de una lámina corrediza (FIGURA 1 - O), la cual se encuentra en la base de la tolva, donde ésta se une con el cuerpo principal. Al interior del cuerpo principal se encuentra un eje central (FIGURA 2 - E) a lo largo del cual se encuentra una serie de 14 cuchillas de acero templado, con un espesor no superior a los 5 milímetros (FIGURA 2 - F). El eje central tiene una altura de aproximadamente 1.70 centímetros y un diámetro de 4 pulgadas. Las cuchillas encajan la una con la otra por medio de pestañas hembra y macho, para no entrelazarse. Para poder fijar las cuchillas al eje y evitar que se giren, tanto el eje como cada cuchilla posee un canal de 0.3 centímetros de profundidad, en el cual se inserta una cuña de acero de 0.6 centímetros, la cual asegura cada cuchilla al eje. Adicionalmente, las cuchillas número 1 y 14 son aseguradas por medio de un tornillo prisionero de lOmm por 0.5 pulgadas de largo, ubicado al exterior de la base de la cuchilla. The hopper (FIGURE 1 - D) is of sealing action to prevent the escape of paper particles, through a sliding sheet (FIGURE 1 - O), which is located at the base of the hopper, where it joins the main body. Inside the main body is a central axis (FIGURE 2 - E) along which is a series of 14 blades of tempered steel, with a thickness not exceeding 5 millimeters (FIGURE 2 - F). The central axis has a height of approximately 1.70 centimeters and a diameter of 4 inches. The blades fit with each other by means of female and male eyelashes, so as not to interlace. In order to fix the blades to the shaft and prevent them from turning, both the shaft and each blade have a channel 0.3 centimeters deep, in which a 0.6 cm steel wedge is inserted, which secures each blade to the shaft. Additionally, blades number 1 and 14 are secured by means of a 10 mm long screw, located outside the base of the blade.
Entre cada una de las cuchillas hay una distancia de 8 centímetros; se diferencian las tres cuchillas inferiores (FIGURA 3) de las cuchillas superiores (FIGURA 4). En efecto, las cuchillas superiores tienen una longitud de 98 centímetros, y la forma de un rombo alargado, cuyas puntas externas (FIGURA 4 - L) están cortadas, ubicándose en el centro de dicho rombo, a distancia equidistante de las extremidades, la cavidad que recibe el sistema de acople de las cuchillas con el eje central (FIGURA 4 - M). Las cuchillas inferiores que tienen una longitud de 85 centímetros y se componen por dos rectángulos planos los cuales se sellan al eje de soporte de las cuchillas generando ángulos opuestos con una inclinación calculada que genera un ángulo de 22.5 grados respecto a la superficie (FIGURA 3 - N). Las cuchillas inferiores son más cortas para permitir mayor rotación del material. En efecto, ya que las cuchillas superiores están separadas de las paredes internas del cuerpo principal sólo por una pulgada de distancia, de repetirse este esquema a lo largo de todo el cuerpo principal el material se pegaría de las paredes internas y no saldría al exterior. Las cuchillas inferiores, siendo más cortas, permiten que el papel caiga por gravedad. Adicionalmente, el ángulo de las cuchillas inferiores permite que, al caer el papel desmenuzado, éste sea nuevamente impulsado hacia las cuchillas superiores, de manera que obtiene un material que finalmente estará muy pulverizado. Between each of the blades there is a distance of 8 centimeters; the three lower blades are differentiated (FIGURE 3) from the upper blades (FIGURE 4). In fact, the upper blades have a length of 98 centimeters, and the shape of an elongated rhombus, whose external tips (FIGURE 4 - L) are cut, being located in the center of said rhombus, at an equidistant distance from the extremities, the cavity that receives the system of coupling of the blades with the central axis (FIGURE 4 - M). The lower blades that have a length of 85 centimeters and are composed of two flat rectangles which are sealed to the axis of support of the blades generating opposite angles with a calculated inclination that generates an angle of 22.5 degrees with respect to the surface (FIGURE 3 - N). The lower blades are shorter to allow greater material rotation. Indeed, since the upper blades are separated from the inner walls of the main body only an inch apart, if this scheme is repeated throughout the entire main body the material would stick from the inner walls and would not go outside. The blades Lower, being shorter, allow the paper to fall by gravity. Additionally, the angle of the lower blades allows, when the crumbled paper falls, it is again propelled towards the upper blades, so that it obtains a material that will finally be very pulverized.
El eje está conectado al cuerpo principal por un sistema de poleas (FIGURA 5 - H) y chumaceras (FIGURA 1 - I, FIGURA 5 - 1) girando a alrededor de 6.000 a 7.000 revoluciones por minuto. The shaft is connected to the main body by a system of pulleys (FIGURE 5 - H) and bearings (FIGURE 1 - I, FIGURE 5 - 1) rotating at around 6,000 to 7,000 revolutions per minute.
El cuerpo principal consta de dos cuerpos cilindricos, el uno incluye el otro, generando así un espacio (FIGURA 1 - J, FIGURA 6 - J) en el cual se dispone una serpentina o espiral de 2.5 cm de diámetro la cual conduce agua, permitiendo la entrada de agua fría en la parte superior la cual sale más tibia en la parte inferior. El circuito es cerrado, la espiral se conecta a una torre de enfriamiento, gracias a la cual el agua tibia vuelve nuevamente a la parte superior del cuerpo principal fría. De esta manera se mantiene la temperatura interna de la máquina entre 5 y 8 grados centígrados de manera constante, evitando que la fibra de papel durante su extracción pueda quemarse debido a la alta rotación y fricción. Por medio de esta máquina, la pulpa del papel se obtiene en aproximados 2 minutos. The main body consists of two cylindrical bodies, the one includes the other, thus generating a space (FIGURE 1 - J, FIGURE 6 - J) in which a serpentine or spiral of 2.5 cm in diameter is arranged which conducts water, allowing the cold water inlet at the top which is warmer at the bottom. The circuit is closed, the spiral connects to a cooling tower, thanks to which the warm water returns again to the upper part of the cold main body. In this way the internal temperature of the machine is maintained between 5 and 8 degrees Celsius constantly, preventing the paper fiber during its extraction from burning due to high rotation and friction. By means of this machine, the pulp of the paper is obtained in approximately 2 minutes.
Esta máquina presenta la ventaja, respecto a las que se encuentran en el estado de la técnica, que la fibra se extrae sin ser dañada, completamente seca y de manera desmenuzada. Esto ahorra las dos fases necesarias hoy en día en el estado de la técnica para obtener una pelusa similar, puesto que los pedazos de papel al salir desmenuzados tienen dimensiones que requieren una operación posterior de bañado en agua, lo cual se ahorra por medio de este proceso, disminuyendo así costos y tiempo. Adicionalmente, así la calidad del producto final se ve beneficiada, ya que permite mejor homogenización en la formación de los amalgamas. This machine has the advantage, compared to those found in the state of the art, that the fiber is extracted without being damaged, completely dry and in a crumbled manner. This saves the two phases necessary today in the state of the art to obtain a similar fluff, since the pieces of paper when crumbled have dimensions that require a subsequent operation of water bathing, which is saved by means of this process, thus reducing costs and time. Additionally, thus the quality of the final product is benefited, since it allows better homogenization in the formation of amalgams.
La pelusa así obtenida es expulsada por la máquina a través del embudo de evacuación (FIGURA 1 - K, FIGURA 6 - ). The fluff thus obtained is expelled by the machine through the funnel of evacuation (FIGURE 1 - K, FIGURE 6 -).
Posteriormente se procede a hacer las mezclas de cantidades de celulosa así obtenidas con los polímeros obtenidos con la primera máquina picadora. Dichos materiales se mezclan en proporciones variables según las especificaciones del producto final y se mezclan en un tonel activado con un movimiento giratorio. Se obtiene así un material mezclado. Subsequently, the mixtures of cellulose quantities thus obtained are made with the polymers obtained with the first chopper. These materials are mixed in varying proportions according to the specifications of the final product and mixed in an activated barrel with a rotating movement. A mixed material is thus obtained.
La siguiente etapa consiste en introducir esta mezcla en una extrusora con tolva de alimentación forzada ya que el material es liviano. Aquí el material se homogeniza tomando estado líquido/gelatinoso a lo largo del tornillo de extrusión y las distintas zonas de temperatura, el material es así direccionado en orientación a la boquilla, y al entrar en ella fragua para posteriormente ser cortado al salir por la boquilla en forma de pellets cilindricos de lcm de espesor por 2cms de longitud. The next step is to introduce this mixture into an extruder with a forced feed hopper since the material is light. Here the material is homogenized by taking a liquid / gelatinous state along the extrusion screw and the different temperature zones, the material is thus directed in orientation to the nozzle, and when entering it sets for later to be cut when exiting through the nozzle in the form of cylindrical pellets lcm thick by 2cms in length.
El sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos es simple de operar, con costos de operación sensiblemente reducidos, ya que además de permitir un reciclaje total, sin producción de excedentes, el agua se utiliza en un ciclo cerrado, por lo tanto no contaminándola ni generando un derroche de la misma. Cabe resaltar además, que el sobrecosto que le generaban a las empresas los excedentes, gracias al sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos se convierte en una ganancia de imagen y economía. The system for transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is simple to operate, with significantly reduced operating costs, since in addition to allowing full recycling, without surplus production, water is used in a closed cycle, therefore not contaminating it or generating a waste of it. It should also be noted that the surplus generated by surplus companies, thanks to the system of transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds becomes a gain in image and economy.

Claims

5 - REVINDICACIONES 5 - REVINDICATIONS
PRIMERA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado por : FIRST: System for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with and without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by:
- Una separación de los plásticos de los papeles, los cuales son picados por separado en máquinas picadoras  - A separation of the plastics from the papers, which are chopped separately in chopper machines
- La inserción de los pedazos de papel previamente picados en una máquina tipo vórtex  - The insertion of previously chopped paper pieces in a vortex machine
- La mezcla de la pelusa de papel obtenida con la máquina tipo vórtex con el plástico previamente picado en un tonel activado con un movimiento giratorio.  - The mixture of the paper fluff obtained with the vortex type machine with the plastic previously cut in an activated barrel with a rotating movement.
- La introducción de dicha mezcla en una extrusora con tolva de alimentación forzada.  - The introduction of said mixture into an extruder with forced feed hopper.
SEGUNDA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado por la trituración por separado del plástico y del papel, el cual es posteriormente sometido a un segundo proceso de trituración, obteniendo así una pelusa que se mezcla al plástico ya triturado, generando una mezcla uniforme sin adiciones de agua. SECOND: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by the separate crushing of plastic and paper, which is subsequently subjected to a second process of crushing, thus obtaining a fluff that is mixed to the already crushed plastic, generating a uniform mixture without additions of water.
TERCERA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado por una máquina vórtex la cual se compone de: THIRD: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by a vortex machine which is composed of:
- Un cuerpo principal de forma cilindrica, compuesto por dos cilindros, el uno contenido en el otro.  - A cylindrical main body, consisting of two cylinders, the one contained in the other.
- Un soporte metálico  - A metal support
- Un motor  - A motor
- Una tolva  - A hopper
- Un eje central con 14 cuchillas de acero templado Una serpentina - A central shaft with 14 tempered steel blades A streamer
Un embudo de evacuación  An evacuation funnel
CUARTA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado por una máquina vórtex, según reivindicación tercera, la cual se compone de un cuerpo principal de forma cilindrica, compuesto a su vez por dos cilindros, el uno contenido en el otro, con una altura variable entre 1,30 metros y 1,70 metros, preferiblemente 1,50 metros, y un diámetro entre 40 centímetros y 60 centímetros, preferiblemente 50 centímetros. FOURTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by a vortex machine, according to claim three, which is composed of a cylindrical main body, composed in turn by two cylinders, the one contained in the other, with a variable height between 1.30 meters and 1.70 meters, preferably 1.50 meters, and a diameter between 40 centimeters and 60 centimeters, preferably 50 centimeters.
QUINTA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por una máquina vórtex, la cual reposa sobre un soporte. FIFTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a vortex machine, which rests on a support.
SEXTA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por un motor trifásico cuya cabeza está encajada en el soporte. SIXTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a three-phase motor whose head is embedded in the support.
SEPTIMA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por una tolva de acción selladora gracias a una lámina corrediza la cual se encuentra en la base de la tolva, donde ésta se une con el cuerpo principal. SEVENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 3, by a sealing action hopper thanks to a sliding sheet which is located in the base of the hopper, where it joins the main body.
OCTAVA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por un eje central con una altura de aproximadamente 1.70 centímetros y un diámetro de 4 pulgadas. NOVENA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por una serie de 14 cuchillas de acero templado ubicadas a lo largo del eje central, con un espesor no superior a los 5 milímetros y una distancia entre ellas de 8 centímetros. EIGHTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a central axis with a height of approximately 1.70 centimeters and a diameter of 4 inches NINTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a series of 14 tempered steel blades located along the central axis , with a thickness not exceeding 5 millimeters and a distance between them of 8 centimeters.
DECIMA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación novena, por 14 cuchillas de acero templado las cuales encajan la una con la otra por medio de pestañas hembra y macho y que se fijan al eje por medio de un canal de 0.3 centímetros de profundidad, en el cual se inserta una cuña de acero de 0.6 centímetros, la cual asegura cada cuchilla al eje. TENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 9, by 14 tempered steel blades which fit with each other by means of female and male eyelashes and that are fixed to the shaft by means of a channel 0.3 centimeters deep, in which a 0.6 cm steel wedge is inserted, which secures each blade to the shaft.
DECIMA PRIMERA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación novena, por tener cuchillas superiores con una longitud de 98 centímetros, y la forma de un rombo alargado, cuyas puntas externas están cortadas, ubicándose en el centro de dicho rombo, a distancia equidistante de las extremidades, la cavidad que recibe el sistema de acople de las cuchillas con el eje central. DECIMA SEGUNDA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación novena, por cuchillas inferiores que tienen una longitud de 85 centímetros y se componen por dos rectángulos planos los cuales se sellan al eje de soporte de las cuchillas generando ángulos opuestos con una inclinación calculada de 22.5 grados respecto a la superficie. DECIMA TERCERA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por un cuerpo principal que consta de dos cuerpos cilindricos, el uno incluye el otro, generando así un espacio en el cual se dispone una serpentina o espiral de 2.5 cm de diámetro. ELEVENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 9, by having upper blades with a length of 98 centimeters, and the shape of an elongated rhombus, whose external tips are cut, being located in the center of said rhombus, at an equidistant distance from the extremities, the cavity that receives the system of coupling of the blades with the central axis. TENTH SECOND: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 9, by lower blades that are 85 centimeters long and consist of two flat rectangles which are sealed to the axis of support of the blades generating opposite angles with a calculated inclination of 22.5 degrees with respect to the surface. THIRTEENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a main body consisting of two cylindrical bodies, the one includes the another, thus generating a space in which a serpentine or spiral of 2.5 cm in diameter is arranged.
DECIMA CUARTA: Sistema de transformación de películas de polímeros plásticos y de papeles con y sin adhesivos y siliconas a compuestos plásticos por medio de una máquina vórtex caracterizado, según reivindicación tercera, por un embudo de evacuación. FOURTEEN: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by an evacuation funnel.
PCT/IB2011/000185 2011-01-27 2011-01-27 System for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with or without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds by means of a vortex device WO2012101466A1 (en)

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FR2222208A1 (en) * 1973-03-23 1974-10-18 Icma San Giorgio Srl Ind
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