JP2006263727A - Mixing and pulverizing device, mixing and melting method, and method of molding cellulose material impregnated with binder - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide methods for utilizing or reusing chipped woody waste materials, woody waste materials, plant materials and plant waste materials for enhancing the utilization of waste materials to improve its filling ratio and to promote the reuse of the waste materials. <P>SOLUTION: In the mixing and pulverizing device and mixing and melting method, a mixing vessel 3 is provided for mixing and pulverization of materials. The mixing vessel 3 is driven by rotation by a motor 8 as a drive source. A plurality of blade members are provided on a rotary shaft 5. At least two blades of the above plurality of blade members are provided on the rotary shaft 5 at an inclined angle which reduces each other's opposing space in the rotational direction. A take-out part 17 for taking out the materials is disposed at the sidewall of the mixing vessel 3. Upon the rotation of the plurality of blade members, the materials are mixed and pulverized within the mixing vessel 3. The water contained in the materials is removed by heat generation by shearing, friction and compression to impregnate the dehydrated material with the molten binder. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is impregnated with a mixing and pulverizing apparatus, a mixing and melting method, and a binder for using cellulosic materials, that is, wood materials and plant materials in a high ratio or for recycling wood waste materials and plant waste materials in a high ratio. The present invention relates to a method for molding a cellulosic material.

  Although the method of kneading wood powder into synthetic resin is used as a means of imparting design properties of synthetic resin, synthetic resin and wood powder are generally poorly compatible, and most of the wood powder filling molding that has been commercially available in the past The present condition is that the wood powder filling ratio of the material slightly exceeds 50% by weight.

  A conventional method for producing a wood-filled molding material is called simple mixing, and uses wood flour having a particle size of about 150 μm with a moisture content of 12% or less after artificial drying, such as cedar, cypress, and pine. Alternatively, 50% by weight of the above-mentioned wood flour is put into a mixing and melting machine heated to about 160 ° C. with oil, and the mixing blade is rotated and dried for about 20 minutes to reduce the water content to 0.3% or less. Then, add 50% by weight of thermoplastic resin (PP, PE, biodegradable resin, etc.), compatibilizer (reactive polyolefin oligomer, maleic anhydride, etc.) as binder and rotate the mixing blade for about 20 minutes. And was simply mixed. Thereafter, the gel-like mixture was put into a cooler (cooling water: 20 ° C., flow rate: 100 L / min), and the blades were rotated for about 15 minutes to cool and granulate.

  All of them are manufactured through the dry process, mixing and melting process and granulation process using commercially available wood flour, and in a state of being fragmented without worrying about the moisture content of the material at all. If it is, fine grinding, drying, melt mixing, and granulation are not all performed in one process (one mixing and melting device), and it cannot be processed with a short heat history. There was a problem in terms of cost and productivity.

  In view of this, the inventor of the present invention provides a material input unit in a mixing and pulverizing apparatus including a mixing container in which a plurality of blade members are arranged on a rotating shaft that is rotatably driven by a driving source and performs mixing and pulverization of materials. And a plurality of blade members are arranged in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft. It is composed of at least two blade members disposed on the rotation shaft so as to face each other and have a mounting angle that narrows the facing distance in the rotation direction. The mounting angle of the blade member with respect to the rotation shaft is the rotation angle. An extraction portion for taking out the material mixed and crushed in the mixing vessel is disposed on the side wall of the mixing vessel, which is the same from the root portion attached to the shaft to the radially outer tip portion. In the mixing container, the wood material and / or the plant material and the binder are mixed and pulverized, and the wood material and / or the plant material melted in the wood material and / or the plant material dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression is impregnated. We focused on the first technical idea of the present invention.

  In addition, the inventor of the present invention introduced a material charging unit in a mixing and melting method in which mixing and pulverization of a cellulosic material is performed in a mixing container by a plurality of blade members arranged on a rotating shaft that is driven to rotate by a driving source. The fragmented cellulosic material and the binder are opposed to each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft in the mixing container, and the mounting angle is such that the facing interval is reduced in the rotating direction. It is mixed and pulverized by at least two blade members disposed on the rotating shaft, and melted into the cellulose-based material from which water content has been dehydrated by heat generation due to shearing, friction and compression of the cellulose-based material in the mixing container. When the cellulosic material is impregnated with a molten binder, And focusing on the second technical idea of the present invention that is taken out from within.

The present invention does not care about the moisture content of the material at all, and if it is in a fragmented state, fine grinding, drying, dehydration mixing, and granulation are all performed in one step (one mixing and melting device), which also has a short heat history The purpose of the waste materials is to reduce the environmental load until reuse, and to improve the cost and productivity.
In the present invention, pruned branches and leaves of trees planted as roadside trees such as Japanese cypress, ginkgo, green grass, cherry blossom, willow, poplar, etc., pruned branches and leaves of cedar, cypress, pine, larch, etc. Thinned timber, bark of cedar, cypress, pine, larch, etc., milled timber from timber, cypress, pine, etc. If you are shredded or shredded without worrying about the moisture content of cellulosic materials such as leaves and rice husks and plant wastes, all of them are finely pulverized, dried, melt mixed and granulated. In the process (one mixing and melting apparatus), it can be processed with a short heat history, and the environmental load until use and reuse is small.

  In addition, the present invention has been a problem in terms of cost and productivity in the prior art, effective utilization of wood edge waste materials such as pruned branches and leaves and wood waste materials, plant materials such as wheat stems and leaves, and plant waste materials and A recycling method will be provided, and the utilization rate will be increased by increasing the filling of waste materials to promote the reuse of waste materials.

The mixing and grinding apparatus of the present invention (first invention according to claim 1) is:
In a mixing and pulverizing apparatus including a mixing container in which a plurality of blade members are arranged on a rotation shaft that is rotationally driven by a driving source and rotatably supported, and the material is mixed and pulverized.
A spiral blade member for supplying the charged material to the mixing container is disposed on the rotation shaft corresponding to the material charging portion,
The plurality of blade members are arranged on the rotary shaft at an attachment angle so as to face each other in the axial direction at a portion having a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft and to narrow the mutual spacing in the rotational direction. Constituted by at least two blade members;
The mounting angle of the blade member with respect to the rotating shaft is the same from the root portion attached to the rotating shaft to the radially outer tip.
An extraction portion for taking out the material mixed and ground in the mixing container is disposed on the side wall of the mixing container,
In the mixing container, the material is mixed and ground.

The mixing and grinding apparatus of the present invention (the second invention according to claim 2)
In the first invention,
The said blade member is comprised by the rectangular plate-shaped member.

The mixing and grinding apparatus of the present invention (the third invention according to claim 3)
In the second invention,
The drive source is constituted by a motor that communicates with the rotation shaft via a belt or other rotation communication means.

The mixing and grinding apparatus of the present invention (the fourth invention according to claim 4) is:
In the third invention,
A cooling medium is supplied from one end of the rotating shaft to the other end, and is provided with a cooling device for supplying and circulating the cooling medium in the wall of the mixing container.

The mixing and grinding apparatus of the present invention (the fifth invention according to claim 5) is:
In the fourth invention,
A groove that communicates both ends of the bearing portion in the axial direction is formed in the bearing portion that supports both ends of the rotating shaft,
The dewatering component dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the material in the mixing container is configured to be discharged.

The mixing and pulverizing apparatus of the present invention (the sixth invention according to claim 6) is:
In the fifth invention,
Based on the change of the load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor according to the mixing and pulverization and drying state of the material in the mixing container, controlling the opening and closing of the opening and closing member disposed in the take-out portion of the mixing container, An opening / closing control device for taking out the mixed and pulverized material is provided.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the seventh invention according to claim 7) is:
In the mixing and melting method in which the mixing and pulverization of the cellulosic material is performed in the mixing container by the plurality of blade members disposed on the rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by the driving source,
The fragmented cellulosic material and the binder charged from the material charging part face each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft in the mixing container, and also face each other in the rotating direction. At least two blade members that are disposed on the rotary shaft at a mounting angle such that the mounting angle with respect to the rotary shaft is the same from a root portion that is attached to the rotary shaft to a radially outer tip. Mixed and pulverized, impregnated with a molten binder in the cellulosic material dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the cellulosic material in the mixing vessel,
Once the cellulosic material is impregnated with the molten binder, it is taken out from the mixing container.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the eighth invention according to claim 8) is:
In the seventh invention,
The cellulosic material is the wood material and / or plant material.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the ninth invention according to claim 9)
In the eighth invention,
The wood material and / or plant material is the wood waste material and / or plant waste material.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the tenth invention according to claim 10)
In the ninth invention,
The rotary shaft is rotationally driven by a motor as the drive source so that the tip peripheral speed of the blade member is in the range of 5 meters per second to 50 meters per second.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the eleventh invention according to claim 11)
In the tenth invention,
The motor and the rotating shaft are in rotation communication so as not to follow a rapid transient rotational fluctuation.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the twelfth aspect of the invention described in claim 12)
In the eleventh aspect,
A change in load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor is monitored.

The mixing and melting method of the present invention (the thirteenth aspect of the present invention) is
In the twelfth invention,
The load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor being monitored decreases after the load torque applied to the main shaft of the motor increases and reaches a maximum value according to the mixing and pulverization and drying state of the material in the mixing container. When a certain time has elapsed after reaching the minimum value, the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder is taken out from the take-out portion of the mixing container.

The molding method of the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder of the present invention (14th invention according to claim 14)
The cellulosic material and the binder that are put into pieces from the material feeding unit face each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft that is driven to rotate by the drive source in the mixing container, and the rotational direction. And at least two mounting angles that are the same from the root portion that is attached to the rotating shaft to the distal end portion in the radial direction. In the mixing container, the melted binder is impregnated with the cellulosic material mixed and pulverized and dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the cellulosic material in the mixing container,
Once the cellulosic material is impregnated with molten binder, it is removed from the mixing container,
The cellulosic material impregnated with the molten binder taken out from the mixing container is molded by heating and pressurizing.

The molding method of the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder of the present invention (the fifteenth invention according to claim 15)
In the fourteenth aspect,
The cellulosic material impregnated with the binder is molded by extrusion molding.

The molding method of the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder of the present invention (the sixteenth invention according to claim 16)
In the fifteenth aspect of the invention,
The cellulosic material is the wood waste and / or plant waste.

  The mixing and pulverizing apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention having the above-described configuration is a mixing device provided with a mixing container in which a plurality of blade members are disposed on a rotating shaft rotatably supported by a driving source and mixed and pulverized. In the pulverizing apparatus, a spiral blade member for supplying the charged material to the mixing container is disposed on a rotation shaft corresponding to the material charging portion, and the plurality of blade members are fixed in a circumferential direction of the rotation shaft. The rotation of the blade member is configured by at least two blade members disposed on the rotation shaft at an attachment angle so as to face each other in the axial direction at an angular interval portion and to narrow the mutual interval in the rotation direction. The angle of attachment to the shaft is the same from the root portion attached to the rotating shaft to the radially outer tip, and the material mixed and ground in the side wall of the mixing vessel in the mixing vessel In the mixing container, the material is mixed and pulverized, and the moisture content of the material is dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression, so the moisture content of the material is completely concerned. If it is in a small state, fine grinding, drying, dehydration mixing, and granulation can be processed in a single process (one mixing and grinding device) with a short heat history, and waste materials can be reused. The environmental load is small, and there is an effect that the problem of cost and productivity is solved.

  In the mixing and pulverizing apparatus of the second invention configured as described above, in the first invention, the blade member is constituted by a rectangular plate-like member, so that mixing and dehydration of the material is realized with a simple structure. This makes it easy to maintain and prolong the service life.

  In the mixing and grinding apparatus of the third invention having the above-described configuration, in the second invention, the drive source is constituted by a motor that communicates with the rotating shaft via a belt or other rotation communication means. There is an effect that the degree of freedom of the arrangement of the motors constituting the motor is high.

  In the mixing and pulverizing apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention having the above-described configuration, in the third aspect of the invention, the cooling device supplies and circulates a cooling medium from one end of the rotating shaft to the other end and circulates in the wall of the mixing container. The rotating shaft and the wall of the mixing container are cooled, and the temperature rise is suppressed.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the mixing and pulverizing apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein the mixing and pulverizing apparatus includes the groove formed in the bearing portion that pivotally supports both ends of the rotary shaft, and the groove that communicates both axial ends of the bearing portion. There is an effect that it is possible to discharge a dehydrated component dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the material in the container.

  The mixing and pulverizing apparatus of the sixth invention configured as described above is the mixing and pulverizing apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, wherein the opening / closing control device has Based on the change, the opening and closing member disposed in the take-out portion of the mixing container is controlled to take out the mixed and pulverized material, so that the material dehydrated in water can be taken out. Play.

  The mixing and melting method of the seventh invention having the above-described configuration is a mixing and melting method in which mixing and pulverization of a cellulosic material is performed in a mixing container by a plurality of blade members disposed on a rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by a driving source. The fragmented cellulosic material and the binder charged from the material charging part face each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft in the mixing container, and also face each other in the rotating direction. At least two blade members that are disposed on the rotary shaft at a mounting angle such that the mounting angle with respect to the rotary shaft is the same from a root portion that is attached to the rotary shaft to a radially outer tip. The mixed water is dehydrated by heat generation due to shearing, friction and compression of the cellulosic material in the mixing container. When the melted binder is impregnated into the cellulosic material, and the melted binder is impregnated into the cellulosic material, the dehydrated cellulosic material is uniformly impregnated with the binder because it is taken out from the mixing container. Therefore, without worrying about the water content of the cellulosic material at all, if it is in a fragmented state, fine pulverization, drying, dehydration mixing, and granulation are all performed in one step (one mixing and melting apparatus), which is also short. It can be processed by heat history, and the waste material has an effect that the environmental load until reuse as a molding material is small, and the problem of cost and productivity is solved.

  In the mixing and melting method of the eighth invention having the above structure, in the seventh invention, since the cellulosic material is the wood material and / or plant material, the binder is uniformly formed on the dehydrated wood material and / or plant material. Therefore, fine grinding, drying, dehydration mixing, and granulation are all carried out in one step (one mixing and melting device) without worrying about the moisture content of the woody material and / or plant material. It can be processed with a short heat history, and the waste material has the effect of reducing the environmental load until reuse as a molding material and eliminating the problem of cost and productivity.

  In the mixing and melting method of the ninth invention having the above structure, in the eighth invention, the wood material and / or plant material is the wood waste material and / or plant waste material. Since the binder is uniformly impregnated, the pulverization, drying, dehydration mixing, and granulation are all performed in one step (mixing) as long as it is fragmented without worrying about the moisture content of the wood waste and / or plant waste. One melting apparatus) can also be processed with a short heat history, and the waste material has a small environmental load until reuse as a molding material, and has the effect of eliminating the problem of cost and productivity.

  The mixing and melting method of the tenth aspect of the present invention having the above-described structure is the method according to the ninth aspect, wherein the tip peripheral speed of the blade member is within a range of 5 meters / second to 50 meters / second by the motor as the drive source. Since the rotating shaft is driven to rotate, there is an effect that fine pulverization, drying, dehydration mixing and granulation in the mixing container can be performed in a desired state.

  In the mixing and melting method according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the tenth aspect, the motor and the rotary shaft are in rotational communication so as not to follow a rapid transient rotational fluctuation. Since a sudden and transient change of the load torque acting on the rotating blade member inside the motor is prevented from acting on the main shaft of the motor, there is an effect of extending the life of the motor.

  In the mixing and melting method of the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the change in load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor is monitored in the eleventh aspect of the invention, so fine pulverization, drying, dehydration mixing, and granulation in the mixing container There is an effect that it is possible to grasp the state of.

  In the mixing and melting method of the thirteenth aspect of the present invention configured as described above, in the twelfth aspect of the invention, the load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor being monitored depends on the mixing and pulverization and drying state of the material in the mixing container. The load torque applied to the main shaft of the motor rises and reaches a maximum value and then decreases and reaches a minimum value.After a certain time has elapsed, the mixture is crushed and dehydrated from the take-out portion of the mixing container and impregnated with the binder. Since the cellulosic material is taken out, there is an effect that the dehydrated cellulosic material can be produced.

  According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for molding a cellulose-based material impregnated with a binder, wherein the cellulose-based material and the binder, which are put into pieces from the material charging unit, are rotated by a driving source in a mixing container. The rotating shafts are opposed to each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the shaft, and are disposed on the rotating shaft at a mounting angle that narrows the facing interval in the rotating direction. The mixed water is pulverized by at least two blade members that are the same from the root portion attached to the shaft to the radially outer tip portion, and the moisture content is generated by heat generation due to shearing, friction and compression of the cellulosic material in the mixing container. The dehydrated cellulosic material is impregnated with a molten binder, and the cellulosic material is melted with a molten bath. When the binder is impregnated, the cellulosic material taken out from the mixing container and impregnated with the molten binder taken out from the mixing container is molded by heating and pressurizing. There is an effect that a strong molded product of the impregnated cellulosic material can be obtained.

  The method for molding a cellulose material impregnated with the binder according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention is melted because the molding of the cellulose material impregnated with the binder is performed by extrusion molding in the fourteenth aspect of the invention. There is an effect that it is possible to continuously form a strong molded article of the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder.

  The method for molding a cellulose material impregnated with the binder according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein the cellulose material is the wooden waste material and / or the plant waste material. There is an effect that it is possible to continuously form a strong molded product with waste materials.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

First embodiment

  The mixing and pulverizing apparatus according to the first embodiment and the mixing and melting method using the mixing and pulverizing apparatus are driven to rotate by a motor 8 as a drive source as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. In the mixing and pulverizing apparatus including the mixing container 3 in which a plurality of blade members 10a to 10f are arranged on the shaft 5 and the materials are mixed and pulverized, the material input to the rotating shaft corresponding to the material input unit is supplied to the mixing container. A spiral blade member 12 to be supplied is disposed, and at least two of the plurality of blade members 10a to 10f are disposed on the rotary shaft 5 at an attachment angle such that a spacing between the blade members 10a to 10f is reduced in the rotation direction. An extraction portion 17 for taking out the material mixed and pulverized in the mixing container is disposed on the side wall of the mixing container 3, and in the mixing container 3, the material is mixed and pulverized, and shearing, friction and It is those containing water is dehydrated by heat generated by condensation.

  In the first embodiment, the wood waste material and plant waste material as cellulosic materials and binder thermoplastic resin (PP, PE, biodegradable resin, etc.), compatibilizer (reactive polyolefin oligomer, Wood waste material and plant waste material and binder which are supplied into the mixing container 3 through the spiral blade member 12 together with maleic anhydride and the like, and are spun into pieces by high-speed rotation of a plurality of opposed rotary blades 10a to 10f. Repeats collisions at high speed.

  At this time, the behavior of the wood waste material and the plant waste material in the mixing container 3 has not yet been clarified academically, but the impact energy at that time changes the fine product into a finely pulverized product. The impact energy in the meantime is converted into internal energy, and the temperature of the fine powder itself increases.

  Further, a thermal motion effect (internal frictional heating) occurs due to the action of the rotary blade 12 that strikes and pushes the fine particles against the inner surface of the mixing vessel 3 surrounded at the same time, and the temperature rise due to the internal energy described above. A large amount of air flows into the material mixing container 3 through a groove for discharging a dehydrating component, which will be described later, which works synergistically and is continuously provided on the rotating blade shaft, and a rapid temperature rise (approximately 1 to 2 seconds) In the meantime, 60 ° C. → over 200 ° C.) occurs.

  Unlike the simple mixing described in the prior art, the inside of the mixing container 3 is in a high temperature and high pressure state in an instant, and is contained in free water existing in voids such as cell lumens and cell gaps, and in cell walls. In the gaps where the bound water is removed, the second largest proportion of lignin after cellulose in the wood mediates binder thermoplastic resins (PP, PE, biodegradable resins, etc.), compatibilizers (reactive polyolefin oligomers, maleic anhydride) Acid, etc.) enters and integrates with cellulose, etc., which constitutes wood, which cannot be seen by simple mixing, uniformly and with a strong bonding force (photo of FIG. 8). That is, the lignin is a natural polymer having a three-dimensional network structure made of three monoglycol polymers, and it is considered that the dehydrated cellulose component is impregnated with the melted binder due to the affinity of the binder polymer. I can do it.

  Therefore, the dehydrated cellulose component taken out from the mixing container 3 is impregnated with the melted binder to produce a highly filled molding material in which the ratio of the wood waste material and the plant waste material is 80% to 90% by weight. In addition, the process can be simplified and a great effect can be obtained in terms of cost and productivity.

Second embodiment

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the mixing and pulverizing apparatus of the second embodiment is rotationally driven by a driving source, and a plurality of blade members 10a and 10f are arranged on a rotating shaft 5 that is rotatably supported. In the mixing and pulverizing apparatus including the mixing container 3 in which the mixing and pulverization is performed, the spiral blades that supply the wooden material and / or the plant material and the binder charged into the rotating shaft 5 corresponding to the material charging unit 14 to the mixing container 3 The member 12 is disposed, and the plurality of blade members are opposed to each other in the axial direction at a portion having a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the mounting angle is such that the opposing interval is narrowed in the rotating direction. It is constituted by a plurality of blade members arranged on the rotation shaft, and the mounting angle of the blade member with respect to the rotation shaft is a radial direction from the root portion attached to the rotation shaft. An extraction portion 17 for taking out the material mixed and pulverized in the mixing container is disposed on the side wall of the mixing container 3, and the material is mixed and pulverized in the mixing container. The water content is dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression, and the wood material and / or plant material from which the water content has been dehydrated are impregnated with the binder.

  The mixing and grinding apparatus according to the second embodiment will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a mixing and melting apparatus 1 as an example. In this mixing and melting apparatus 1, a cylindrical mixing container 3 on a machine base 2 and a supply container 13 in which the material charging part 14 and the spiral blade member 12 are disposed are constituted by a plurality of legs. Be placed.

  The rotating blade shaft 5 is horizontally supported by the bearings 4 and 4 disposed at the leg portions at both ends, and the rotating blade shaft 5 is coaxially inserted through the center of the mixing container 3. One end (right end in FIG. 1) is in rotational communication with a motor 8 as a drive source via a pulley 6 and a V belt 7.

  The rotary blade shaft 5 has a hollow shape in which a small-diameter hole for supplying cooling water is formed in an axial center portion, and rotary joints 9 are provided at both ends thereof, and cooling water is supplied to the rotary blade shaft through the rotary joint 9. 5 is configured to be supplied in the axial direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the outer periphery of the rotary blade shaft 5 penetrating the mixing container 3 has a total of six cross-sectional rectangles, and the blades 10a to 10f having an overall shape are rotated as described above. The projections are opposed to each other in the axial direction at portions having an angular interval of 180 degrees in the circumferential direction of the shaft. As shown in FIG. 2, the thickness of the blades 10a to 10f is approximately 40% of the outer peripheral side thicker than that of the inner peripheral side, so that the mixing, crushing, and melting of the materials are performed effectively. It is configured as follows.

  When the blades 10a and 10f at both ends in the axial direction are rotated clockwise as viewed from the right side of FIG. 1, the leading edges thereof are almost spaced from the inner surfaces of the vertical walls 11 and 11 at both ends of the mixing vessel 3. The blade is fixed to the outer periphery of the rotary blade shaft 5 at an attachment angle of about 15 degrees from the tip of the blade to the base so as to be in sliding contact.

  The four blades 10b, 10c, 10d, and 10e in the middle part are fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary blade shaft 5 in a staggered manner at an angle of about 15 degrees from the tip of each blade to the root, and the leading edge during rotation. Are arranged in a direction facing both ends of the mixing container 3. That is, the four blades 10b and 10d, 10c and 10e are opposed to each other in the axial direction as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, and the mounting angle (the angle with respect to the circumferential direction) is such that the facing distance in the rotational direction is narrowed. ) Is arranged on the rotary shaft 5 so as to be 15 degrees.

  Further, the motor side of both end walls 11 of the mixing container 3 is a material supply port of the mixing container 3 opened on one end wall of the mixing container 3, and 12 is formed on the outer periphery of the rotary blade shaft 5. A helical material supply screw, 13 is a material supply box surrounding the supply screw 12, and 14 is a hopper provided above the material supply box 13. An openable and closable shutter 15 is provided that can be hermetically closed when mixing, pulverizing and melting after the slag is added. Further, a pair of both sides 16 and 16 are balance wheels for obtaining a smooth rotation fixed to the rotary blade shaft 5.

A continuous water passage is formed in the peripheral wall of the mixing vessel 3, and the mixing vessel 3 can be cooled by circulating cooling water. Reference numeral 17 denotes a discharge port lid provided on the bottom wall portion of the mixing container 3 for taking out the granulated material. The discharge port cover 17 is rotatably supported by a shaft 18, and the shaft 18 is a rotary cylinder 19. , 19 so that it can be opened and closed.
Also, the collars 20, 20 on both sides shown in FIG. 2 are for sending air to the mixing container 3, and each continuous groove at both ends is so that air is sent to the mixing container 3 by the rotation of the rotary blade shaft 5. Is composed of right and left spiral grooves.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a control panel, which is connected to the motor 8 via a connection cable, and is configured such that the load torque of the main shaft is continuously input from the motor 8 to the control panel 21 as an electrical signal. Yes.
Based on the change of the load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor 8 according to the mixing and pulverization of the material in the mixing container 3 and the dry state, the opening and closing member 17 disposed in the take-out portion of the mixing container 3 is opened and closed. An opening / closing control device for controlling the timing and taking out the mixed and pulverized material is provided.

  In the mixing and melting method of the second embodiment using the mixing and melting apparatus having the above-described configuration, a mixing container is provided by a plurality of blade members 10a to 10f disposed on a rotary shaft 5 that is rotationally driven by a motor 8 as a drive source. In the mixing and melting method in which the wood material and / or plant material which is a cellulosic material is mixed and pulverized, the wood material and / or the plant material and the binder as the fragmented cellulosic material charged from the material charging unit are The rotating shaft 5 in the mixing container 3 is disposed on the rotating shaft 5 at an attachment angle so as to face each other in the axial direction at a certain angular interval in the circumferential direction and to narrow the facing interval in the rotating direction. The cellulosic material is mixed and pulverized by at least two blade members, and the cellulosic material in the mixing container 3 is sheared, rubbed and frictioned. When the melted binder is impregnated into the cellulosic material dehydrated by heat generated by compression and the wood material and / or plant material as the cellulosic material is impregnated with the molten binder, the cellulosic material is taken out from the mixing container. It is what

The cellulosic material is the wood material and / or plant material, and the wood material and / or plant material can be reused using the wood waste material and / or plant waste material.
That is, the wood waste material and / or plant waste material is pruned branches and leaves of trees planted as street trees such as Tochinoki, Ginkgo, Aogiri, Sakura, Willow, Poplar, etc., pruned branches and leaves of cedar, cypress, pine, larch, etc. Thinned timber, pine, larch, etc., bark such as cedar, cypress, pine, larch, etc., wood and wood waste such as sawwood, cypress, pine, etc. Any material that is in the state of being fragmented or fragmented may be used without worrying about the moisture content of cellulosic materials such as stems, leaves, tea leaves, rice husks and the like and plant waste materials.

  The rotating shaft is rotationally driven by the motor 8 as the driving source so that the tip peripheral speed of the blade members 10a to 10f is in the range of 5 meters per second to 50 meters per second. The shaft 5 is rotationally connected so as not to follow a sudden transient rotational fluctuation, and the change of the load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor 8 is monitored and monitored as shown in FIG. After the load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor 8 reaches the maximum value X, the load torque T applied to the main shaft of the motor 8 increases according to the mixing and pulverization and drying state of the material in the mixing container 3. After reaching a minimum value I after decreasing, when a certain time t has elapsed, the cellulose-based material before mixing and pulverizing from the take-out part 17 of the mixing container 3 and dehydrating and impregnating the binder is obtained. It is intended to take out the wood waste material and or plant wastes.

  As described above, the mixing and melting apparatus and the mixing and melting method according to the second embodiment recycles the wood waste material and the plant waste material, has a texture of wood, smells of wood, generates less static electricity, and emits ultraviolet rays. The present invention provides a raw material for obtaining a molded product close to wood by, for example, less breathing of moisture after absorption and breathing moisture.

  In addition, since existing molding machines, molds, and woodworking machines for secondary processing can be used as they are, no special equipment is required. In addition, wood waste and plant waste are finely pulverized, dried, and melt mixed. , Granulation is done in one step in a short time, that is, with one mixing and melting device, and no external heating is used, so the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced, and by using a biodegradable resin for the binder, More naturally friendly molded products can be obtained.

  In addition, inferior goods generated in the manufacturing process can be crushed and molded using 100%, and can be reused repeatedly. In addition, because wood waste and plant waste are reused at a high rate, effective use of resources can be achieved. This is a very beneficial effect.

  That is, in the second embodiment, the wood material subjected to the heat treatment in the mixing container 3 utilizes the fact that self-adhesiveness and thermal fluidity are expressed. The heated wood material is depressurized by opening the opening / closing member 17 at once, dried once, and the molded product can be produced by heating and pressurizing the steam explosion product with a hot press or the like.

  It has been found that a wood material subjected to steam heat treatment has an adhesive component, can be molded without an adhesive, and flows when heated and pressurized. A strong plastic-like molded body can be produced using only a woody material as a raw material.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First embodiment

In the mixing and melting apparatus 1 and the mixing and melting method of the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the cooling water is respectively supplied in the axial direction inside the rotary blade shaft 5 and in a headband shape in the wall portion of the mixing container 3. The rotary blade shaft 5 and the mixing container 3 are cooled by circulation.
The blades 10 a to 10 f are rotated by the motor 8 through the rotating blade shaft 5. In a state where the tip speed of the blades 10a to 10f is about 5 m per second, the wood waste material that has been preliminarily weighed and loaded into the hopper 14 (cedar: 85% by weight) and binder (PP: 12% by weight, After the shutter 15 is opened and supplied to the material supply box 13, the shutter 15 is closed. Then, the material is supplied and pushed into the mixing container 3 by the rotation of the supply screw 12.

  That is, when the hopper 14 is empty, the shutter 15 is closed, and the rotation of the motor 8 is increased until the tip speed of the blades 10a to 10f reaches about 30 m per second, and the tip speed of the blades 10a to 10f is about 30 m per second. The state is maintained for about 40 seconds.

During this time, the material progresses into the fine particle process, the finely pulverized product process, and the fine particle process, and the moisture contained in the material is released in the process, and the fine particles become almost dry, and the internal energy and internal Due to the synergistic effect of frictional heating, the temperature in the mixing vessel 3 rises from 60 ° C. to over 200 ° C. at once.
At this time, the inside of the mixing container 3 is in a state of high temperature and high pressure in an instant, and the free water present in the void such as the cell lumen and the cell gap and the gap from which the bound water contained in the cell wall has been removed, The binder melts and mixes instantly and integrates with cellulose, etc., which constitutes the wood, uniformly and with a strong binding force.

  When the materials are melted and mixed, a large load torque is applied to the blades 10a to 10f and the rotary blade shaft 5 in a moment. In this embodiment, the torque value applied to the motor 8 is about 130%. When the blades 10a to 10f rotating at a high speed and the rotating blade shaft 5 are braked, slip occurs in the V belt 7 connecting the pulley 6 on the rotating blade shaft 5 side and the pulley 6 on the motor 8 side. And a sudden load torque fluctuation is not transmitted to the main shaft of the motor 8.

  The fluctuation of the load torque applied to the motor 8 is converted into an electric signal and sent to the control panel 21 to be compared with the load torque data inputted in advance in the control panel 21 to read the end timing of the melt mixing. With the tip speed of the blades 10a to 10f rotating at a high speed of about 30 m per second, the rotary cylinders 19 and 19 are driven, the discharge port lid 17 connected through the shaft 18 is opened, dehydrated, and impregnated with a binder. Drain the high-filling molding material of grained cedar.

  Since the value of the load torque fluctuation of the motor 8 differs depending on the types of wood waste and plant waste and the weight of the wood waste and plant waste put in the mixing container 3, the mixing and melting apparatus 1 is first operated manually. Then, it is necessary to read the numerical value of the load torque fluctuation of the motor 8 and input the numerical value into the control panel 21 to create a database, and the opening / closing control of the discharge port lid 17 is performed according to the data stored in advance.

Extrusion molding was carried out using the cedar highly filled molding material in this example, and the molded product obtained by extrusion molding was a wood waste material (cedar: 85% by weight) and a binder (PP: 12% by weight, anhydrous maleic) Table 1 shows the measured values for each test item for the example of acid (3%).

  As a comparative example, cedar wood, comparative example 1 (wood waste material 55%, waste plastic PP material 30%, additives and other 15%), comparative example 2 (medium density fiberboard, wood fibers, sprayed with adhesive Table 1 also shows the measured values of Comparative Example 3 (wood flour 55%, resin 45%).

  As is clear from Table 1, the hardness of the example using the cedar waste was twice that of the cedar, the longitudinal compressive strength was more than 20%, and the amount of wear was an order of magnitude less. is there.

Moreover, the bending Young's modulus of an Example is substantially 2 times of the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3, and bending strength is slightly over 10% with respect to the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3, respectively.
This is indicated by the numerical value.

  FIG. 8 shows a photomicrograph of the highly filled molding material (wood waste (cedar) + binder) according to this example. It can be seen that the arrangement of the temporary canals (cells) is disrupted by heat flow and the binder is impregnated.

  FIG. 9 shows a photomicrograph of a strip of wood waste (cedar) according to this example. It can be seen that the temporary canals (cells) are arranged in an orderly manner in the radial direction. It combines the functions of moisture control of the xylem and mechanical support of the tree.

  The above-described embodiments have been illustrated for the purpose of explanation, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art will recognize from the claims, the detailed description of the invention, and the description of the drawings. Modifications and additions can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.

  In the above-described embodiments and examples, the blade member having a rectangular cross section with an attachment angle of 15 degrees has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and for example, attachment is performed as necessary. The angle can be set to an angle other than 15 degrees, and as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, an embodiment of a blade member having a wing-shaped cross section with a concave and convex intermediate portion is required. It can be adopted accordingly.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiments and examples, the example of opening and closing the discharge port lid of the mixing container by a rotary cylinder has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, a piston is provided in the cylinder. An embodiment in which the discharge port lid is opened and closed using a linearly moving piston-cylinder type actuator can be adopted as necessary.

  In the above-described embodiments and examples, as an example, a case where the state of the mixed, pulverized, and melted material in the mixing container is detected by focusing on the load torque of the motor spindle from the viewpoint of protecting the spindle of the motor. As described above, the present invention is not limited to them. For example, the physical quantity reflecting the temperature in the mixing container, the distortion of the mixing container, and other mixed, pulverized and melted materials in the mixing container. The embodiment to be detected can be adopted as necessary.

  In a mixing and pulverizing apparatus and a mixing and melting method including a mixing container in which a plurality of blade members are arranged on a rotating shaft rotatably supported by a motor as a driving source and the materials are mixed and pulverized, and the mixing and melting method, the material is charged. A helical blade member that supplies the mixing container with the material charged to the rotating shaft corresponding to the portion is disposed, and at least two of the plurality of blade members are mounted such that the facing distance in the rotation direction is reduced. A corner is provided on the rotating shaft, and a take-out portion for taking out the material when the material mixed and ground in the mixing container reaches a predetermined state is disposed on the side wall of the mixing container. The material is mixed and pulverized, the water content is dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression, and the dehydrated material is impregnated with a molten binder. We provide effective utilization and reuse methods for wood edge waste materials such as pruned branches and leaves, wood waste materials, plant materials such as wheat stems and leaves, and waste materials. It can be applied to applications that increase and promote the reuse of waste materials.

It is a front view which shows the mixing melting apparatus of embodiment and Example of this invention. It is the elements on larger scale which show the rotary blade shaft in the mixing-melting apparatus of this embodiment and an Example. It is a skeleton block diagram which shows the whole system of the mixing and melting apparatus of this embodiment and an Example. It is a partial expanded side view which shows the relationship between the blade | wing member of a rotating blade shaft and a rotating shaft in this embodiment and an Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the openable openable opening-closing member arrange | positioned at the discharge port of the mixing container in this embodiment and an Example. It is the elements on larger scale which show the arrangement | positioning form with respect to the rotating shaft of six blade members in this embodiment and an Example. It is a diagram which shows the change of the load torque of the motor spindle in the state of mixing of the material in the mixing container in this embodiment and an Example, a grinding | pulverization, spin-dry | dehydrated, and the state of fusion | melting. It is a microscope picture of the highly filling molding material (wood waste (cedar) + binder) concerning the Example of this invention. It is a microscope picture of the strip of the wood waste material (cedar) for the comparison in the Example of this invention. It is a partial expanded explanatory view for demonstrating the example of the blade member in other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

3 Mixing container 5 Rotating blade shaft 8 Motor 17 Discharge port lid

Claims (16)

In a mixing and pulverizing apparatus including a mixing container in which a plurality of blade members are arranged on a rotation shaft that is rotationally driven by a driving source and rotatably supported, and the material is mixed and pulverized.
A spiral blade member for supplying the charged material to the mixing container is disposed on the rotation shaft corresponding to the material charging portion,
The plurality of blade members are arranged on the rotary shaft at an attachment angle so as to face each other in the axial direction at a portion having a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft and to narrow the mutual spacing in the rotational direction. Constituted by at least two blade members;
The mounting angle of the blade member with respect to the rotating shaft is the same from the root portion attached to the rotating shaft to the radially outer tip.
An extraction portion for taking out the material mixed and ground in the mixing container is disposed on the side wall of the mixing container,
A mixing and grinding apparatus, wherein the material is mixed and ground in the mixing container. In claim 1,
The mixing and grinding apparatus, wherein the blade member is constituted by a rectangular plate-shaped member. In claim 2,
The mixing and grinding apparatus, wherein the drive source is constituted by a motor that communicates with the rotating shaft via a belt or other rotational communication means. In claim 3,
A mixing and pulverizing apparatus, comprising: a cooling device that supplies a cooling medium from one end of the rotating shaft to the other end and supplies and circulates the cooling medium in the wall of the mixing container. In claim 4,
A groove that communicates both ends of the bearing portion in the axial direction is formed in the bearing portion that supports both ends of the rotating shaft,
A mixing and pulverizing apparatus configured to allow discharge of dehydrated components dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the material in the mixing container. In claim 5,
Based on the change of the load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor according to the mixing and pulverization and drying state of the material in the mixing container, controlling the opening and closing of the opening and closing member disposed in the take-out portion of the mixing container, A mixing and pulverizing apparatus comprising an opening / closing control device for taking out the mixed and pulverized material. In the mixing and melting method in which the mixing and pulverization of the cellulosic material is performed in the mixing container by the plurality of blade members disposed on the rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by the driving source,
The fragmented cellulosic material and the binder charged from the material charging part face each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft in the mixing container, and also face each other in the rotating direction. At least two blade members that are disposed on the rotary shaft at a mounting angle such that the mounting angle with respect to the rotary shaft is the same from a root portion that is attached to the rotary shaft to a radially outer tip. Mixed and pulverized, impregnated with a molten binder in the cellulosic material dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the cellulosic material in the mixing vessel,
When the cellulosic material is impregnated with a molten binder, the mixing and melting method is taken out of the mixing container. In claim 7,
The mixing and melting method, wherein the cellulosic material is the wood material and / or plant material. In claim 8,
The mixing and melting method, wherein the wood material and / or plant material is the wood waste material and / or plant waste material. In claim 9,
The mixing and melting method, wherein the rotating shaft is rotationally driven by a motor as the driving source so that a tip peripheral speed of the blade member is in a range of 5 meters per second to 50 meters per second. In claim 10,
The mixing and melting method, wherein the motor and the rotating shaft are in rotational communication so as not to follow a rapid transient rotational fluctuation. In claim 11,
In claim 5,
A mixing and melting method characterized by monitoring a change in load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor. In claim 12,
The load torque acting on the main shaft of the motor being monitored decreases after the load torque applied to the main shaft of the motor increases and reaches a maximum value according to the mixing and pulverization and drying state of the material in the mixing container. Then, after a certain time has elapsed after reaching the minimum value, the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder after mixing, dewatering and impregnation is taken out from the take-out part of the mixing container. The cellulosic material and the binder that are put into pieces from the material feeding unit face each other in the axial direction at a constant angular interval in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft that is driven to rotate by the drive source in the mixing container, and the rotational direction. And at least two mounting angles that are the same from the root portion that is attached to the rotating shaft to the distal end portion in the radial direction. In the mixing container, the melted binder is impregnated with the cellulosic material mixed and pulverized and dehydrated by heat generated by shearing, friction and compression of the cellulosic material in the mixing container,
Once the cellulosic material is impregnated with molten binder, it is removed from the mixing container,
A method for forming a cellulosic material impregnated with a molten binder, wherein the cellulosic material impregnated with the molten binder taken out of the mixing container is heated and pressurized. In claim 14,
A method for forming a cellulosic material impregnated with a molten binder, wherein the cellulosic material impregnated with the binder is formed by extrusion molding. In claim 15,
A method for forming a cellulose-based material impregnated with a binder, wherein the cellulose-based material is the wood waste material and / or the plant waste material.