WO2012100755A1 - 一种身心诊治模式 - Google Patents

一种身心诊治模式 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012100755A1
WO2012100755A1 PCT/CN2012/071382 CN2012071382W WO2012100755A1 WO 2012100755 A1 WO2012100755 A1 WO 2012100755A1 CN 2012071382 W CN2012071382 W CN 2012071382W WO 2012100755 A1 WO2012100755 A1 WO 2012100755A1
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diagnosis
symptoms
patient
treatment
physical
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PCT/CN2012/071382
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English (en)
French (fr)
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阮刚
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Ruan Gang
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Priority claimed from CN2011100259648A external-priority patent/CN102654890A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2011100427605A external-priority patent/CN102646153A/zh
Application filed by Ruan Gang filed Critical Ruan Gang
Publication of WO2012100755A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012100755A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/20ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms

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  • the invention relates to the medical field, in particular to a diagnosis mode, in particular to a diagnosis mode of a Chinese medicine.
  • the invention re-plans the division of labor, diagnosis and treatment methods and processes of traditional Chinese medicine (referring to traditional medicine, or physical and mental holistic view, the characteristics of human and environmental holistic view.) to meet the characteristics and society of traditional Chinese medicine.
  • traditional Chinese medicine referring to traditional medicine, or physical and mental holistic view, the characteristics of human and environmental holistic view.
  • the actual application mode and cost savings have also changed the research methods, development methods and talent training methods of Chinese medicine practitioners.
  • the diagnostic form that is, the data collection and data utilization are separated, and the physical and mental data collection (receiving patients) can be used at A, and the (patient treatment and diagnosis, treatment plan) can be used at B.
  • a and B can be separated far away.
  • the team of patients at B can be in one place or in different places.
  • the data acquisition device at A can be combined automatically or by human or human, and can also be described by human judgment.
  • the distribution at B also saves a lot of resources. It is exempted from the round-trip and migration of staff.
  • A can be combined with the service station, drug delivery, processing drugs, acupuncture, instrument or personnel assisted treatment, exercise counseling and so on.
  • the doctors of each user system are also qualified to enter the position after screening. (It may also involve some crossovers, which can be judged at the same time or based on past experience. If more than two different systems are judged at the same time, the previous data can be used to verify the choice or discuss each other to determine or be difficult.)
  • the proportion of patients' shunting ratios corresponding to the success ratio of each method is a good way to find newer ones and to eliminate bad ones, and to maintain the mechanism of survival of the fittest, so that all parties have opportunities to reveal. Things that will be good will continue to emerge without being sunk forever.
  • the success rate of the A method is 95%
  • the success rate of the B method is 80%
  • the success rate of the C method is 60%.
  • the proportion of patients they get is 95:80:60. Of course, it can be adjusted on this basis. For example, the proportion of the A method can be higher (this is an efficient and low-cost orientation, even the one with the highest success rate, or the gap indicator and the success rate indicator.
  • the overall orientation is the same, that is, according to the success rate, or the doctors apply for the approval mode, so that the unsuccessful person gets the test opportunity.
  • the overall orientation is the same, that is, according to the success rate, the proportion of patients obtained is the same, and the success rate is the highest. The most patients were obtained, and the lowest success rate was obtained. If there is no previous diagnosis and treatment record, the opportunity to try can be obtained under certain conditions. For example, the reason for the doctor to apply for the opportunity to try is recognized.
  • TCM TCM
  • Some of them are relatively standardized and fixed treatment methods (experienced by medical records, especially based on symptom matching), which is equivalent to the formula, which is also large.
  • Part of the diagnosis and the patient's compliance can guarantee the basic accuracy, but it is easy to operate and the personnel cost is low.
  • the other part is a more flexible diagnosis, which does not follow the relatively fixed treatment in the front.
  • the latter part of the practice especially the source of the former part of the water, try a variety of methods beyond the scope of the empirical formula, you can find a better solution, thus changing the formula, can adapt to changes in the disease (including the evolution of old diseases and emerging Diseases, changes in environment and physique, new discoveries by doctors), and changes in geographical expansion.
  • These two parts work together to solve the current efficacy guarantee and sustainable development problems, especially in the current scarce conditions.
  • the latter part including freelance doctors (not relying on stereotypes), and difficult diagnosis (cases with poor therapeutic efficacy, diagnosed by more advanced labor or another route).
  • the formula can also be used to derive a treatment plan in a stand-alone environment.
  • new findings of the pulse can be made by the corresponding patients, each of whom can become a narrow-area researcher; or can be discovered by a freelance doctor.
  • Software diagnosis can also be matched with various algorithms. For example, certain diseases can use the reasoning program to obtain the pathogenesis, some use symptom matching and reasoning, some use neural networks, etc., various artificial intelligence and search, Algorithms such as mining can be combined in a complementary manner. For example, the symptoms of the upper respiratory tract can be ruled by reasoning.
  • the automatic progressive consultation prompts the associated symptoms. Enter the data independently, add the associated prompts, and see the associated symptoms of others.
  • Physical and mental state tests including the choice of behavior, time, eye stay, expression, movement, language and other performance, and join the prompt dialogue, deeper, more refined and determined.
  • the consultation process itself is a physical and mental test, not just the answer to the patient's choice.
  • Audio and multimedia interviews or text images involve tests and should receive more data, including video, audio, breathing, pulse, etc.
  • the consultation does not only use artificial intelligence, but can apply for manual intervention when certain conditions are met and the judgment or processing ability of the system is exceeded.
  • the invention decomposes the content of the traditional Chinese medicine into relatively independent parts, and each part recruits different types of talents suitable for the needs, forming a pyramid, and the bottom layer is the talents required by the technician type, such as the judgment of the four diagnoses, for example, for the four clinics.
  • the data collected by the instrument, the diagnosis of the pulse diagnosis is the pulse (such as the string pulse, to what extent), the tongue diagnosis of the tongue diagnosis, the color of the hand mark, the shape of the pattern, etc., etc.
  • the requirements for the comprehensive ability of thinking is not high, the eye is fast, the main is the equivalent of the requirements of the mechanic, the training time is also very short, about a few weeks; the next level is a moderate level of thinking ability Talent, according to the previous diagnosis - Symptoms and signs and pathological tips (can be automatically given by computer according to the corresponding relationship), give treatment options, such as specializing in the famous doctor Li Dongyu system, can use the system's ideas to diagnose the formula; then the upper level is a comprehensive thinking ability Can solve the comprehensive problems encountered in the next layer. The cultivation of these kinds of talents is also separate.
  • This kind of reasonable structure is easy to select materials (according to various traits, not only the above three layers, but also the specialized doctors in the second layer are also selected from the characteristics of the school), easy to cultivate (the same degree and The characteristics are small, the difference is small), the target is specific (internal theory is unified, organic is complete and singular, matching with talent characteristics), low cost (uncommon and easy to get talents, and most of them are easy to get talents), people Do its best, it is more reasonable than the current Chinese medicine selection and education system. Because the patient is judged by a large number of similar materials, it can develop extremely high efficiency, just like the work of workers on the assembly line.
  • the three layers of patients, about the first layer is to deal with the primary data, forming the primary segment judgment; the second layer is the comprehensive diagnosis (dialectical) judgment, the highest level is to solve the lower layer of the problem.
  • the process of system diagnosis is generally as shown in Figure 1.
  • the diagnosis and collection can be asynchronous, and the diagnosis is completed according to the process, and the result of the treatment plan is given.
  • the following discussion focuses on the diagnosis of the first layer or more, that is, after the exact symptoms and signs (and or the most painful symptoms) have been obtained, the results can come from the diagnosis of the first layer, or from the end user's own description and judgment (through the system The standard symptoms and signs described after the confirmation is confirmed), followed by the online auxiliary diagnosis mode process:
  • the combination of human and machine joint diagnosis can maximize their respective strengths.
  • you can choose a very confident plan you can also give it directly to the user without manual judgment, and it is ok to have a manual confirmation on the process.
  • the manual diagnosis system may also have level 2 or above. If the general patient has questions, he can request a consultation or submit it to a more suitable or higher level patient, and can join the computer verification (for the modified result, the operation is performed to check whether Violation of rules or experience).
  • the artificial judgment can be a group of people, and according to the system to which the scheme belongs, it is assigned to the appropriate person. For example, if one of the prescriptions or roots is Li Dongyu, it will be sent to a patient who is good at Li Dongyu's system, or a patient who is using a good system later; the other prescription is Zhang Zhongjing, and it is issued to the doctor who is good at Zhang Zhongjing system. By. It can also be processed, reviewed or consulted by experts in other categories. The main purpose is that each type of patient's attention is specific, no internal contradictions, easy to integrate and skilled, and in line with the needs of the disease.
  • the result of the artificial judgment can also be a score, such as the degree of power, whether further information is needed to determine the plan, or the reaction after the test to help select, etc., to help the final decision maker. If you need further information, you can use one of the following methods:
  • the program includes prescriptions, acupuncture, massage, guides and so on.
  • the software includes:
  • the method by which the prescription or protocol is derived including:
  • a preferred solution is: the software first searches for matches according to symptoms and signs (including all the objective conditions of input, such as various constitution classifications, etc.), for example, according to the main symptoms (for example, according to the most painful symptoms, and the symptoms most likely to reflect the symptoms of the symptoms) , as the main symptom, choose about 3) search matching, select the same or similar square; the patient then subdivides according to the square root system of these formulas, for the symptoms of unmatched symptoms or differences , add and subtract medicinal taste, etc. This is different from the general division of parts and modern medicine. The requirements for the second layer of patients are low, and the requirements for subdividing patients are also low. The general process is roughly as shown in Figure 2.
  • the patient who belongs to the root-root system is selected, and the essence is to select the patient who is most familiar with the most thorough understanding of the system to deal with the change of the formula;
  • Type or pathogenesis or pathology or constitution type or syndrome system such as Sanjiao, Weiqiyingxue, viscera, Liujing) or Dake (such as wind, phlegm, sore, production, meridian, etc.) to be transferred ( Targeted patients)
  • these are particularly relevant parts of the key aspects of the disease handled by specially familiar patients, of course, easy to handle; can also be combined with each other, or depending on the situation of the program to choose one or A variety of sub-transfer methods, for example, in the case of low compliance, the patient's degree of system is not high, and the disease involves wind, you can consult the doctor of the wind department.
  • the 'symptoms' and 'symptoms and signs' in this article generally refer to all manifestations and characteristics related to diseases and patients. They are expressed as clinical manifestations, including physical characteristics, and also include examination results of various instruments. Although the ancients did not have some modern unique disease names, instrumental examination results, etc., they need to follow the traditional Chinese medicine description, but now the data accumulation will join these and use these.
  • the treatment plan includes not only the prescription (although the main one is the prescription) but also other therapies.
  • the use of drugs can also include Western medicine.
  • talents at all levels must be selected at the beginning of training. According to what criteria are selected, in addition to the above mentioned, there should be more detailed and solid standards to prevent waste, find suitable talents, and save training. The cost also makes the talents able to work in the future, have a sense of accomplishment and interest.
  • the characteristics of the successful and failed talents are summarized, using ancient methods and modern methods. For example, according to the classification of birth-related attributes, genetic-related classification, psychological test-related classification, and physical-related classification, to find the characteristic law, and select and apply it in the future, so that it is refined and refined.
  • the first-level or more patient training can be based on the original layer of the diagnosis results, or refer to the original data. For example, if you study the patient of the Li Dongwei system, you will be trained in the medical treatment of the system.
  • the pulse diagnosis mentioned above includes data that can represent the three-dimensional dynamic change of the entire contact surface.
  • Example 1 The user enters the symptoms and signs and the most painful symptoms (including pulse, tongue, etc.) on the Internet. After the system prompts the selection of the possibility of association, and the description of the symptoms and signs of possible ambiguity, the standard accuracy is obtained. After the symptoms and signs are submitted to the system, the software first searches for the main symptoms based on the most painful symptoms and other symptoms, and obtains the results to add and subtract the other symptoms. The patient who is not fully grasped is manually audited by the patient of the corresponding root, and the result of the diagnosis is confirmed by manual adjustment. The system sends the diagnosis to the user.
  • Example 2 The instrument at the system service point collects the patient's four diagnoses and other physical and mental data, and deposits it in the web server. The data is distributed to the first-level patient according to the rules. The symptoms and signs information formed by the software are diagnosed. Some prescriptions did not find a complete match, found 3 similar parties, and performed neural network calculation according to the author system of each similar root root to obtain the prescription. This prescription was reviewed and adjusted by the patient of the corresponding root-root author system.
  • Example 3 Symptoms and signs and most painful symptoms (including pulse, tongue, etc.) sent by the user's text message. After the system confirms the description and the related symptoms, the standard symptoms and signs are confirmed, and the software calculation and labor are performed. The audit will get 2 prescriptions, but you need to check the patient's symptoms to confirm, and send this selection rule to the user, which is selected by the user. The user can also feedback the results of the examination, or there are unexpected situations, and the results are given by the system.
  • Example 4 The user enters the symptoms and signs and the most painful symptoms on the Internet (including the results of abdominal and acupoint consultations, etc.), and the system prompts the selection of the possibility of association, and confirms the symptoms and signs that may be ambiguous, including according to the designation.
  • the results of acupuncture examinations are used to obtain standard accurate symptoms and signs.
  • the prescriptions of the acupuncture massage guide and the prescriptions of the prescriptions are obtained by software calculation. The uncertainty is determined by the patient with the corresponding root. Manual review, and manual review of acupuncture, massage, and guided patients.
  • the system sends the diagnosis and treatment to the user.

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Description

一种身心诊治模式 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗领域,尤其诊病模式,特别是中医的诊病模式。
背景技术
因为中医本身学习难度大,往往老中医到60岁以后才觉得真正领会了。浩瀚的历史经验积累,互相矛盾的一些名家观点,令人难以博取众长,难以在实际中运用。故时下中医面对宝库无所措手,中药不效,转投西药。人们的愿望是要求每个中医都是全能的能学习提取宝库的最好的东西,站在前人的肩上,比前人更高明,实际根本不可能,与前人比肩都做不到。故筛下的能真正以中医有效行医的少之又少,百不及一。同样的学习,却只有塔尖的一小部分人勉强过关,余下的绝大多数不能胜任却要勉强上任。
当前医院的分布,就诊也不合理,应该有更加贴合社会生活的布局。
技术问题
技术解决方案
本发明对中医(泛指传统医学,或有身心整体观,人与环境整体观特点的医学。后面同此。)的分工方式和诊治方式及过程进行了重新规划,以符合中医的特质和社会的实际应用模式及节约成本,从而也改变了中医的研究方式,发展方式,人才培养方式。
传统的中医看病是一个医生为主的,这有很大的局限性,比如有的医生擅长脉诊,有的擅长面诊、或舌诊、或手诊、或眼诊、或穴位诊等,有的医生看某类疾病疗效特别好,有的擅长用药,有的擅长针灸,等等,没有看见过一个中医各个方面都很擅长的。术有所专,才能精,我的变革是把这些方面分别由不同的人来担当,每个人精于一技,这样组合起来就是各个方面都是很高明的医生,而因为专于一技,也容易学成。
即由一个诊者团队的细化分工,包括可将电脑算法作为诊者的一部分,及电脑辅助,来代替原来由一个中医完成全部工作。
相应的,在诊断形式上我们也可作优化,那就是数据采集和数据利用分开,身心数据采集(接待患者)可以在A处,利用(诊者处理及诊断、治疗方案)可以在B处,A处和B处可以在分开很远的地方。而B处的诊者团队可以在一处,也可分布在不同地方。A处采集数据装置,可自动,也可人机结合,也可加上人的判断描述。
这样的一种变化,很贴切我们的社会形态,A处可分布于社区,人群聚集地,方便人们使用,占地面积很小,自助式或少量人员配合。A处也可以于家庭,或个人随身携带,不同类型的数据采集装置,各有不同的覆盖面和精准度。在人群稀疏的地方还可以用流动车,或邮寄设备采集。比如这样的选择检查身心的模式:
  1. • 家中健康监测,轻微不适及时调整。
  1. • 社区服务站或检查亭,全面检查。护士辅助或自助。针对较严重的不适或久治不愈。
B 处的分布式,也节省很多资源。免除工作人员的往返,迁移。
同时,A处可以与服务站结合,给药,代加工药,针灸,仪器或人员辅助治疗,锻炼辅导等等。
就医成本和服务成本、社会资源浪费均可降低。
这样构成一个基本的大医系统(整个系统是一个医生)的运营结构。不仅中医可以如此,现代医学也可展开这种模式。
这个系统运作的内部的核心--诊断的水平,我们有一种方法来提高:
整个的决策层次,从分类各判(例如脉相,手相等的细分处理和判断)到汇总,再从合理寻医(纵向分系,'流派')到疑难上呈。充分发挥各类资源的长处,有机分工,既不高才低用,也不低才高用,而且用其所长。
其中,合理寻医,如何找到最合适的医生(诊者),其算法宗旨是根据既往经验(包括数据,数据中每个诊者就包含有其所属流派的信息),找出最接近的证(即关键性的症状表现,包括测量分析的特征)或症候的成功率最高的治疗方法或治则,以此作为主要治疗方法,而且在不完全确定时,请擅长此方法的医生复核及调整。此治疗方法的主创者或历史上的善用者的体系(或称流派)往往是善用此方法的基础,故选择追随该体系的诊者来复核和调整(在我们的整个体系里,我们的医生就是按照这样的分系来培养的)。例如,定位到某个方剂后,找到其善用者体系;或定位到桂枝汤证类而找到其善用者体系;或定位到脾胃类而遭到善用者体系,等等。每个善用者体系的医生也是经过筛选合格才进入岗位的。(也可能某些会涉及交叉,可同时判或根据既往经验择成功率高的。对于2个以上的不同体系的医生同时判,可用既往数据验证抉择或互相讨论确定或上呈疑难。)
在此基本理路下,保持相应于各个方法成功比例的患者分流比例配比,是发现更新的好的方法及剔除不好的,保持优胜劣汰的机制,让各派都有崭露的机会,这样才会好的东西不断浮现而不至于永久沉没。例如有3个方法,A方法的成功率是95%,B方法的成功率是80%,C方法的成功率是60%,简单的,他们分得的患者的比例是95:80:60,当然,可以在此基础上调整,比如A方法的比例可以更高些(这个是高效和低成本的取向,甚至只选成功率最高的一个,或符合差距指标及成功率指标的几个,在其低于一定成功率时再启动遴选机制 - 给以前落选的诊断机会,或采医生申请批准模式而使得落选者获得测试机会),总的取向是相同的,即按照成功率的高低,其获得的患者比例呈同样的排序,成功率最高的获得患者最多,成功率最低的获得患者最少。没有既往诊治记录的也可在一定条件下获得尝试机会,例如医生申请获得尝试机会的理由被认可。
我们也可将中医的诊断分成2大部分,一部分是由经验总结出来的相对规范固定的治法(经过医案检验的,特别是以症状匹配为主要依据的),相当于定式,这也是大部分诊断、诊者遵从的,可以保障基本准确率,而又易于操作,人员成本低;另一部分则是比较灵活的诊断,不依循前面的相对固定的治法。后一部分的实践尤其是前一部分的源头活水,尝试各种超出经验定式范畴的治法,可以寻到更好的方案,从而改变定式,可以适应时病的变化(包括老病的演化和新出现的病种,环境和体质的变化,医生新的发现),及地域扩展的变化。这2个部分互相配合,可以解决当前疗效保障和持续发展的问题,尤其在当前匮乏条件下。后一部分,包含自由医生(不依赖定式),和疑难诊断(以定式治疗疗效不佳的病案,由更高级的人工或另外途径诊断)。
定式也可在单机环境得出治疗方案。
批量处理(定式,包括危险排除,可包括人工最后检验)和实验处理(定制处理)的结合,一定比例的实验处理,以发现更好的定式。即按照其成功率,成功率越高,则定式批量处理的比例越高,这既是降低成本,也是把握性比较大;成功率低于一定数值,或危险比例达到一定数值,则需要人工介入,不能完全定式。定式本身也包含危险排除法则。
将中医诊断切割成各个分部后是否会使中医的总体技能丢失,尤其是体验式的、直觉式的诊断,第一,这种体验式、直觉式的仍可以找到其感觉对象,比如模拟量或近似模拟量的视觉和听觉及触觉等,第二,系统本身需要自由医生(即不依循定式的医生),鼓励、和或奖励自由医生将医案输入系统,因为这是超出定式的摸索,是多样性和优化进化的保证。病人的数据可以用仪器采集,而与人工采集、判断对比,发现差异和新的特异或病理反映。
比如脉象的新发现,可以由相应的诊者,每个诊者都可以成为其所从事的窄领域的研究者;也可以由自由医生发现
软件诊断也可以各种算法搭配,例如某类疾病可以用推理程式求得病机得出治法,有的用症状匹配加推理,有的用神经网络,等等,各种人工智能及搜索、挖掘等的算法,可以互补结合。比如上呼吸道的症状,可以用推理来求的治法。
对于问诊,自动递进式问诊,根据既往统计的症状群的关联性,提示关联症状。先独立输入,加关联提示,看看别人的关联症状。身心态测试,包括从选择行为,时间、眼光停留、表情、动作、语言等表现,及加入即时递进的对话,更深入、细化及确定。问诊过程本身是一个身心测试,而不仅仅是患者选择的答案。音频及多媒体问诊或文字图片文字均涉及测试,应该获得更多的数据,包括视、音频,呼吸,脉搏等。问诊不仅仅用人工智能,在满足一定条件,超出系统的判断或处理能力时可以申请人工介入。
本发明将中医内容分解成各个相对独立的部分,各个部分分别招用不同类型的适合需要的人才,形成一个金字塔,底层是技工型要求的人才,如四诊的分别判断,比如针对四诊采集仪器采集的数据,脉诊的诊者判是何脉(例如弦脉,什么程度),舌诊的诊者判是何种舌象,手相标识纹路形状颜色等特征,等等,诊者只要会判就行了,这样的诊者,对思维综合能力的要求不高,眼明手快是主要,相当于技工的要求,培养时间也很短,大约数周而已;再上一层是具备一定思辨能力的中级人才,根据前面的诊断结果 - 症状体征及其病理提示(可由电脑按对应关系自动给出),给出治疗方案,例如专攻名医李东垣系统的,能以该系统的思想来诊断配方;再上层则是综合思辨能力很高的人才,可以解决下一层遇到的综合性的难题。这几种人才的培养也是分开的。这种合理的结构,易于选材(按各类特质要求,不仅例如上面的3层,且如第二层各派的专门诊者也选自适合该派思维特点的),易于培养(同样程度和特质的一起,差异小),目标专一(内部理论统一,有机完整而又单一化,与人才特质相配),成本低(难得和易得的人才分开,且大多为易得的人才),人尽其用,比现在的中医选材和教育系统合理。诊者因为面对大量同类的素材判断,故可以养成极高的效率,就像流水线上工人的作业。这里的3层诊者,大约第一层是处理初级数据的,形成初级分部判定;第二层是综合诊断(辨证)判断的,最高层是解决下层的难题的。也可有更多的辅助分科或分层,如按证候分科,按按病系分科等;其层次也可有多层,如各分科更高级的,综合分科更高级的,名医级别的等。系统诊病其流程一般情况下大致如图1所示。
整个系统的一种配置,从终端仪器采集数据(也可以是用户在网上终端输入的症状体征等相关数据),存在网络数据服务器,按一定规则和秩序分配给各个网上终端的各个相应的诊者,诊断和采集可以是异步的,按流程诊断完毕,给出治疗方案结果。
下面主要讨论第一层以上的诊断,即已经获得确切的症状体征(和或最痛苦症状)之后,这个结果可以来自第一层的诊断,也可来自终端用户自己的描述和判断(经过系统的整理确认后形成的标准的症状体征描述),其后的网上辅助诊断模式流程:
先用电脑软件运算出一个或数个治疗方案,至少可以弥补人工知识库容量的和搜索遗漏、运算量过大的等短处,人工在这一个或几个方案中选取,并在需要时作出调整。以之为人、机共同诊断的结合点可以最大程度发挥各自特长。当然,如果能择取到很有把握的方案,也可以不经过人工判断而直接给出到用户,而流程上统一经过人工确认也是可以的。
人工诊断系统也可能有2级或以上,如一般的诊者有疑问可请求会诊或递交给更适合或更高级别的诊者,并可加入电脑验证(对修改过的结果,运算以检验是否违反规则或经验)。
人工的判断可以是一群人,按照方案所属的体系,来分配给相应适合的人。例如其中一个药方或方根是李东垣的,则发给擅长李东垣体系的诊者,或后来运用的很好的某个体系的诊者;另一个药方是张仲景的,则发给擅长张仲景体系的诊者。也可按其他分类的专家来处理、审核或会诊。其主旨是每类诊者关注的对象专一化,无内在矛盾,容易融会贯通和熟练,且符合病情需要。
人工的判断结果也可以是打分的,如把握度,是否需要进一步的信息来确定方案,或试药后的反应来帮助选择等等,以帮助最后决断者。如果需要进一步的信息,可以采用以下方法之一:
  1. 1、 征求用户或患者指定的信息,然后作出最终的判定。
  1. 2、 将小范围的选择规则指导给用户或患者,由其自行操作。
方案包括药方,针灸、按摩方、导引方等等。
软件的运算,除症状、症候、病机等工具类库之外,其资源包括:
  1. 1、 历代经典方剂、方案。例如历代名医著作里面的,方剂集里面的(如普济方、圣济总录等),等。需要整理。
  1. 2、 历代医案。
  1. 3、 系统记录或录入医案数据库。
  1. 4、 系统自己总结的方证等。
其得出药方或方案的方法,包括:
  1. 1、 主症找到相应的处方,加减后单味或组合后,更加适应全部症状。
  1. 2、 未找到相应处方,用接近的类似处方来参考。
  1. 3、 以上都可以证候、病理、病机等的运算的来辅助确定方案。
  1. 4、 结合相符或相近处方的根源体系的推理,例如匹配到的相近方子是李东垣体系的方子,则用学习了李东垣体系医案的神经网络运算机(不限于此算法),来根据症状运算药方。孙思邈,张景岳,李东垣,刘河间,罗天益,张锡纯,朱丹溪,吴鞠通。方剂与医案的差别,古方的不同用法,如白虎汤后人用法各不相同。医案总结个人用方规律,包括用古人的方子。方剂是自己发明的,或化裁后形成的,可能有古方依据,但已经变化过了,并且将这种变化固定下来了,如刘绍武的六病定方结合相符或相近处方的根源体系的推理,例如匹配到的相近方子是李东垣体系的方子,则用学习了李东垣体系医案的神经网络运算机(不限于此算法),来根据症状运算药方。孙思邈,张景岳,李东垣,刘河间,罗天益,张锡纯,朱丹溪,吴鞠通。方剂与医案的差别,古方的不同用法,如白虎汤后人用法各不相同。医案总结个人用方规律,包括用古人的方子。方剂是自己发明的,或化裁后形成的,可能有古方依据,但已经变化过了,并且将这种变化固定下来了,如刘绍武的六病定方。还有收集别人验方的,都不是他自己的体系。
可以提供把握度信息。
一个优选的方案为:软件先按症状体征(包括一切输入的客观条件,如各种体质分类等)搜索匹配,例如按主症(例如按最痛苦症状,及症状中最可能反映病性的症状,定为主症,选3个左右)搜索匹配,选出相同或近似的方子;诊者再按照这些方子的方根所属体系来分别细分处理,针对未匹配的症状或差异的症状,加减药味等。这与一般的按部位、现代医学的分科不同。对第二层诊者的要求低了,对细分处理诊者的要求也低。一般流程大致如图2。
上段的优选方案中是按照方根分转处理,选择所属方根体系的诊者,其实质就是选择对方子最熟悉最透彻了解的体系的诊者来处理方子的变化;也可按证候证型或病机或病系或体质类别或辨证体系(如三焦、卫气营血、脏腑、六经)或大科(例如风、痰、疮肿、产、经络等)来分转处理(有针对性的诊者),这些都是和疾病的关键环节特别相关的部分,由专门熟悉的诊者来处理,当然容易处理好;也可互相结合,或视乎方案情况来选择一种或多种分转法,例如在符合程度不高的情况下,方根所属系统的诊者把握度不高,病症涉及风科,即可请风科的诊者会诊。
本文的'症状',及'症状体征',一般都是泛指一切和疾病、病人相关的表现、特征,有表示为临床表现,包括体质特征,及还包括各种仪器的检查结果等。虽然古人的资料中没有现代的一些特有的病名、仪器检查结果等内容,需要遵从中医传统的描述,但现在资料积累会加入这些,运用这些。
治疗方案不仅包括药方(虽然前面主要讲了药方),也包括其他的疗法。药物的运用也可包括西药。
以上有的有多项选择或算法的,可以各个单项互相组合构成系统。
以上各项人工诊者的工作一般均有软件系统辅助,并且软件功能会随着数据、经验的积累和算法规则的更新越来越强大,替代人工的部分会越来越大,乃至于全部替代人工。
用户可以通过各种网络或短信跟系统连通。
本案中各个层次的人才在培养之初就要选型,那么按照什么标准来选,除了上述提到的之外,应该有更细致确凿的标准,以防止浪费,找到合适的人才,既节省培养费用,也使人才将来工作能得心应手、有成就感、有兴趣。除了以现有的理论、经验去遴选,根据培养实践,的成功、失败案例来总结培养成功和失败的人才的特质,以古代的方法和现代的各种方法, 如按出生时间相关属性的分类,遗传相关的分类,心理测试相关的分类,形体相关的分类等,来找出特征规律,在今后遴选中运用,如此不断精细化精确化。
中医是带徒基本上是一个个实际病人在眼前过,看师傅诊断思路,有不明白的可以问,或自己先诊断,看与师傅的差别。其实,客观资料丰富(采集了四诊的部分或全部客观记录的,如望诊的照片,和或包括第一层诊断的结果)的医案一样可以起到这个作用,可以先测试后显示医案,且有诊断理由,相关性帮助检索。故可专门设计成临阵学习系统。比师父带徒效率更高,缩短训练过程。其实质相当于神经网络的学习训练。经验训练是学习中医这样的体系的必经之路。但未必要背诵很多东西,完全可以学习中自己自动记牢,电脑的记忆帮助,资料搜索应可帮忙。
对于60岁之后才觉得真正能领悟中医这样的现象,可能和随年龄增长的思维特质有关,如孔子的'六十而耳顺',比较能够接受容纳一些表面矛盾的东西,和自己主观相悖的东西,主观倾向惯性个性变弱了,这个境界和身心变化,意识思想变化都相关,但也可以通过选拔相应个性的来挑选,通过训练来催化,封闭的环境,冥想,相应的思想和环境熏陶,医案和游戏的结合训练,符合中医理论的导引锻炼,等等,亲身的实践体验,每个因素,营造的氛围,都会有利于训练成才。尤其对于第二层及以上的诊者的培养。
对于培养直觉的训练,例如认为伤寒论虽未写出规则,却隐含规则程序,真正用心熟悉后 会有融会贯通之感,这个也可通过反复的实例的训练矫正(最好临场感的游戏),并辅以摒除杂念聚精会神的方法和环境营造,来速成。其他各家理论、医案也是如此。
第一层以上的诊者训练可以第一层的诊断结果为原始依据来训练,也可参考原始资料。例如学习李东垣系统的诊者,则针对该系统的医案训练。
以上所说的脉诊,包括能表现整个接触面三维立体动态变化的数据。
并引用专利申请2011100259648的内容。
有益效果
附图说明
图1 流程图
图2 一个优选的方案的流程图
本发明的最佳实施方式
例1:用户网上输入症状体征及最痛苦症状(可包括脉象、舌象等),经过系统提示关联可能性较大的进行选择,及对可能歧义的症状体征进行描述确认,以获得标准的精确的症状体征,递交进入系统之后,先由软件根据最痛苦症状及其他症状中提取的主症搜索既有验方,得到结果再加减处理其他症状的药味。没有完全把握的交由对应方根的诊者人工审核,人工调整确认后成为诊断结果。系统将诊断结果发给用户。
例2:系统服务点的仪器采集患者四诊及其他身心数据,存入网络服务器,数据按规则分配到第一层的诊者,诊完由软件形成标准的症状体征信息,开方软件在既有验方中未找到完全符合的方案,找到3个相近方,按照各相近方根的作者体系进行神经网络运算,得到药方,此药方经过对应方根作者体系的诊者的审核调整,于抉择间仍有疑问,把握度低,请求更高级诊者的会诊,包括单一方根作者系统的更高级及综合各派或不分派的高级诊者,最后确定把握度高的2项方案,仍需征询患者的状况来选取和确定最终药方,故再次征询或诊察患者,以确定方案。
例3:用户短信发来症状体征及最痛苦症状(可包括脉象、舌象等),系统对描述进行详细确认及关联症状的征询后,确认标准的精确的症状体征,开方软件运算及人工审核得到2个方子,但需要诊察患者症状方可确认,将此选择规则发给用户,由用户自行选择。用户也可将诊察结果反馈,或有意外情况,由系统再给出结果。
例4:用户网上输入症状体征及最痛苦症状(可包括腹部和穴位按诊结果等),经过系统提示关联可能性较大的进行选择,及对可能歧义的症状体征进行描述确认,包括按照指定穴位按诊的结果,以获得标准的精确的症状体征,递交进入系统之后,先由软件运算得出针灸按摩导引的处方及方药的处方,其中的不确定处,由对应方根的诊者人工审核,及针灸、按摩、导引的诊者人工审核。系统将诊断结果及治疗方法发给用户。
本发明包含所有这些处于权利要求范围内的选择、修改、变化,而不止于举例的范围。
本发明的实施方式
工业实用性
序列表自由内容

Claims (1)

  1. 1、 一种身心诊断模式和流程,其特征在于包括:
    在网络上集群的诊断,在症状体征确认后,先经过软件根据经验库等运算得出最适当的一种或数种治疗方案,其中无完全把握的经过相对应的诊者的人工调整确认。
    2、一种医疗模式,其特征在于,身心数据采集和处理诊断是分离的。
    3、一种甄别最优诊治法的方法,其特征在于,根据既往经验定位相似症状特征,来优选。
PCT/CN2012/071382 2011-01-24 2012-02-20 一种身心诊治模式 WO2012100755A1 (zh)

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CN2011100259648 2011-01-24
CN2011100427605A CN102646153A (zh) 2011-02-20 2011-02-20 一种新型中医诊断流程及装置
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1295285A (zh) * 2000-09-13 2001-05-16 韩柳生 中医控制远程医疗系统
CN101609484A (zh) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-23 上海中医药大学 利用计算机进行中医问诊的方法
CN101853325A (zh) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-06 江启煜 一种中医临床信息的计算机辅助分析方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1295285A (zh) * 2000-09-13 2001-05-16 韩柳生 中医控制远程医疗系统
CN101609484A (zh) * 2008-06-20 2009-12-23 上海中医药大学 利用计算机进行中医问诊的方法
CN101853325A (zh) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-06 江启煜 一种中医临床信息的计算机辅助分析方法

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