WO2012098586A1 - Magnesium battery - Google Patents
Magnesium battery Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012098586A1 WO2012098586A1 PCT/JP2011/000309 JP2011000309W WO2012098586A1 WO 2012098586 A1 WO2012098586 A1 WO 2012098586A1 JP 2011000309 W JP2011000309 W JP 2011000309W WO 2012098586 A1 WO2012098586 A1 WO 2012098586A1
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- negative electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
- H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnesium battery in which the negative electrode is made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a magnesium battery that can be used continuously for a long time.
- a magnesium battery of the present invention has a negative electrode made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy, and a positive electrode disposed to face the negative electrode, and the negative electrode and the positive electrode are immersed in an electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode is ultrasonically vibrated in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode substantially face each other.
- a piezoelectric body is attached to the opposite surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and an AC voltage having a frequency corresponding to the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the piezoelectric body.
- the piezoelectric body may be configured to expand and contract in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode face each other.
- the present invention has an effect that it can provide a magnesium battery having the above-described configuration and capable of being used continuously for a long time.
- FIG.1 (a) is the schematic which shows an example of the magnesium battery of embodiment of this invention
- FIG.1 (b) is the figure which looked at the negative electrode of the magnesium battery from one direction.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the measurement result of the voltage characteristic (V1) in the case of the embodiment of the present invention and the measurement result of the voltage characteristic (V2) in the comparative example
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the electric current characteristic (I1) in the case of embodiment of invention, and the measurement result of the electric current characteristic (I2) in a comparative example
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a bubble generation state in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG.1 (a) is the schematic which shows an example of the magnesium battery of embodiment of this invention
- FIG.1 (b) is the figure which looked at the negative electrode of the magnesium battery from the arrow A direction of Fig.1 (a). It is.
- the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are arranged to face each other, and are held by a plurality of holding members 3 made of an insulator (for example, resin).
- the positive electrode 1 is made of, for example, a copper plate and connected to a lead wire L1.
- the negative electrode 2 is made of, for example, a magnesium plate.
- Each holding member 3 includes a holding body 3a and stoppers 3b and 3c.
- the end portions 3ab and 3ac on both sides of the holding main body portion 3a have a small diameter, and one end portion 3ab is inserted into a hole (not shown) provided in the positive electrode 1 and is fastened by a bolt-shaped stopper 3b.
- the positive electrode 1 is fixed to the holding body 3a.
- the other end 3ac is inserted into a hole (not shown) provided in the negative electrode 2, and the negative electrode 2 is held by the holding main body 3a by a bolt-type stopper 3c.
- the negative electrode 2 is held so that it can vibrate in the thickness direction (arrow B direction).
- the holding member 3 is held so as to be fixed to the positive electrode 1 and is held so as to vibrate (ultrasonic vibration) in the direction indicated by the arrow B with respect to the negative electrode 2.
- a copper layer 9 on which copper is deposited is formed on the surface opposite to the surface facing the positive electrode 1 of the negative electrode 2, and a piezoelectric body 4 made of, for example, a PZT (lead zirconate titanate) layer is formed on the surface. Further, a transparent resin layer 5 that covers the copper layer 9 and the piezoelectric body 4 is formed. Then, the lead wire L ⁇ b> 2 is soldered to the end portion of the copper layer 9 and pulled out to the outside of the resin layer 5. A lead wire L3 is soldered to the surface of the piezoelectric body 4 and is drawn out of the resin layer 5. The lead wire L2 and the lead wire 3 are connected to the ultrasonic oscillator 6, and the lead wire L2 is fixed to the ground potential. In this example, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are accommodated in the container 7.
- the load 8 is connected between the lead wire L1 and the lead wire L2, and sodium chloride aqueous solution, such as water, seawater, or salt solution, is put into the container 7 as the electrolyte solution 10.
- sodium chloride aqueous solution such as water, seawater, or salt solution
- the structure which immerses the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, etc. in water (lake) or seawater (ocean) is also possible.
- the ultrasonic oscillator 6 applies an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency f1 to the piezoelectric body 4 within a range of 20 kHz to 200 kHz.
- the piezoelectric body 4 is formed to expand and contract in the direction indicated by the arrow B.
- the negative electrode 2 is ultrasonicated in the direction indicated by the arrow B. Vibrated.
- This ultrasonic vibration is a vibration whose vibration frequency is the frequency f1 in the ultrasonic region.
- the frequency f1 of the AC voltage is desirably set to a resonance frequency at which the negative electrode portion including the negative electrode 2, the copper layer 9, the piezoelectric body 4, and the resin layer 5 causes natural vibration or a frequency close thereto.
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are diagram illustrating the measurement result of the voltage characteristic (V1) in the case of the present embodiment and the measurement result of the voltage characteristic (V2) in the comparative example
- FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the current characteristic (I1) in the case of, and the measurement result of the current characteristic (I2) in the comparative example.
- the voltage characteristics (V1) and current characteristics (I1) in the case of the present embodiment are the change over time of the voltage applied to the load 8 and the change over time of the current flowing through the load 8 in the magnesium battery shown in FIG. Show.
- the battery is configured using the same positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 as the magnesium battery shown in FIG. 1A, and the negative electrode 2 is not subjected to ultrasonic vibration.
- V2 voltage characteristic
- I2 current characteristic
- a magnesium battery that prevents the formation of a magnesium hydroxide film on the surface of the negative electrode 2 and can be used continuously for a long time by ultrasonically vibrating the negative electrode 2 made of magnesium. realizable.
- a magnesium hydroxide film can be prevented by a cavitation effect or the like, almost similar to the mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning. That is, when ultrasonic waves are applied to the electrolyte 10 by ultrasonically vibrating the negative electrode 2, a locally high pressure portion and a low pressure portion are formed, and a small vacuum cavity is generated in the liquid at a low pressure portion. Then, the gas dissolved in the liquid is taken into the cavity and becomes a bubble 11 (see FIG. 3). When the pressure rises again, the bubbles are crushed and a shock wave is generated at that time. Due to this shock wave, the magnesium hydroxide film formed on the surface of the negative electrode 2 is peeled off (cavitation effect). The peeled magnesium hydroxide film is peeled off by a large acceleration when the liquid particles vibrate, and is considered to be dispersed by a straight flow generated by ultrasonic irradiation.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state where bubbles are generated.
- the power consumption of the load 8 is much larger than the power consumption of the ultrasonic oscillator 6, for example, 10 times or more the power consumption of the ultrasonic oscillator 6.
- the negative electrode 2 is made of magnesium (magnesium plate), but may be made of a magnesium alloy (an alloy containing magnesium as a main component, for example, an alloy containing magnesium as a main component and containing aluminum). Good.
- the piezoelectric body 4 may be provided directly on the surface of the negative electrode 2 without providing the copper layer 9 between the negative electrode 2 and the piezoelectric body 4.
- the lead wire L2 only needs to be connected to the negative electrode 2, for example.
- a conductor layer serving as a flat electrode may be formed on the surface of the piezoelectric body 4 opposite to the negative electrode 2, and the lead wire L3 may be connected to the conductor layer.
- the piezoelectric body 4 is not limited to the PZT layer, and may be composed of other piezoelectric materials.
- the positive electrode 1 is made of copper (copper plate), the present invention is not limited to this, and may be made of a material (eg, silver, platinum, gold, etc.) having a smaller ionization tendency than magnesium constituting the negative electrode 2.
- a plurality of sets of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 1 equipped with the piezoelectric body 4 may be connected in series or in parallel.
- the present invention is useful as a magnesium battery that can be used continuously for a long time.
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Abstract
Provided is a magnesium battery which can be continuously used for a long period of time. The magnesium battery of the present invention comprises: a negative pole (2) comprising magnesium or a magnesium alloy; and a positive pole (1) arranged opposite the negative pole (2). The magnesium battery is constructed in such a way that, in a state in which the negative pole (2) and positive pole (1) are immersed in electrolyte, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the negative pole (2) in a direction in which the negative pole (2) and positive pole (1) are substantially opposite.
Description
本発明は、負極がマグネシウムまたはマグネシウム合金から構成されるマグネシウム電池に関する。
The present invention relates to a magnesium battery in which the negative electrode is made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
近年、電解液として水または海水を用いた電池が知られている（例えば特許文献１参照）。このような電池では、高い起電力を得るために負極にはイオン化傾向の大きな電極材料を用いる必要があり、イオン化傾向の大きな電極材料としては、マグネシウムが最適である。また、マグネシウムは埋蔵量が豊富であるという利点もある。
Recently, a battery using water or seawater as an electrolytic solution is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). In such a battery, in order to obtain a high electromotive force, it is necessary to use an electrode material having a large ionization tendency for the negative electrode, and magnesium is optimal as an electrode material having a large ionization tendency. Magnesium also has the advantage of abundant reserves.
しかしながら、負極にマグネシウムを用いると、負極の表面に水酸化マグネシウムの被膜が形成されて起電力の低下が著しく、長時間使用することができないという欠点がある。水酸化マグネシウムの被膜を除去することにより、起電力は回復するが、上記被膜を除去する間は電池として使用することができず、実用性に乏しい。
However, when magnesium is used for the negative electrode, a film of magnesium hydroxide is formed on the surface of the negative electrode, so that the electromotive force is remarkably lowered and there is a disadvantage that it cannot be used for a long time. Although the electromotive force is recovered by removing the magnesium hydroxide film, it cannot be used as a battery during the removal of the film, which is not practical.
本発明は上記のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、長時間の連続使用が可能となるマグネシウム電池を提供することを目的としている。
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a magnesium battery that can be used continuously for a long time.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明のマグネシウム電池は、マグネシウムまたはマグネシウム合金からなる負極と、前記負極と対向して配置される正極とを有し、前記負極及び前記正極を電解液に浸した状態で、実質的に前記負極と前記正極とが対向する方向に前記負極を超音波振動させるように構成されている。
In order to achieve the above object, a magnesium battery of the present invention has a negative electrode made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy, and a positive electrode disposed to face the negative electrode, and the negative electrode and the positive electrode are immersed in an electrolytic solution. In the state, the negative electrode is ultrasonically vibrated in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode substantially face each other.
この構成によれば、負極を超音波振動させることにより、負極表面における水酸化マグネシウムの被膜の形成を防止し、長時間の連続使用が可能となるマグネシウム電池を実現できる。
また、前記負極を超音波振動させるために、前記負極の前記正極と対向する反対側の面に圧電体を取り付け、前記圧電体に前記超音波振動に応じた周波数の交流電圧を印加することにより前記圧電体が前記負極と前記正極とが対向する方向に伸縮するように構成されていてもよい。
According to this configuration, by oscillating the negative electrode ultrasonically, formation of a magnesium hydroxide coating on the negative electrode surface can be prevented, and a magnesium battery that can be used continuously for a long time can be realized.
Further, in order to ultrasonically vibrate the negative electrode, a piezoelectric body is attached to the opposite surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and an AC voltage having a frequency corresponding to the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the piezoelectric body. The piezoelectric body may be configured to expand and contract in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode face each other.
また、前記負極を超音波振動させるために、前記負極の前記正極と対向する反対側の面に圧電体を取り付け、前記圧電体に前記超音波振動に応じた周波数の交流電圧を印加することにより前記圧電体が前記負極と前記正極とが対向する方向に伸縮するように構成されていてもよい。
According to this configuration, by oscillating the negative electrode ultrasonically, formation of a magnesium hydroxide coating on the negative electrode surface can be prevented, and a magnesium battery that can be used continuously for a long time can be realized.
Further, in order to ultrasonically vibrate the negative electrode, a piezoelectric body is attached to the opposite surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and an AC voltage having a frequency corresponding to the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the piezoelectric body. The piezoelectric body may be configured to expand and contract in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode face each other.
本発明は、以上に説明した構成を有し、長時間の連続使用が可能となるマグネシウム電池を提供することができるという効果を奏する。
The present invention has an effect that it can provide a magnesium battery having the above-described configuration and capable of being used continuously for a long time.
本発明の上記目的、他の目的、特徴、及び利点は、添付図面参照の下、以下の好適な実施態様の詳細な説明から明らかにされる。
The above object, other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
以下、本発明の好ましい実施の形態を、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、本発明は、以下の実施形態に限定されない。
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
（実施形態）
図１（ａ）は、本発明の実施形態のマグネシウム電池の一例を示す概略図であり、図１（ｂ）は、同マグネシウム電池の負極を図１（ａ）の矢印Ａ方向から視た図である。 (Embodiment)
Fig.1 (a) is the schematic which shows an example of the magnesium battery of embodiment of this invention, FIG.1 (b) is the figure which looked at the negative electrode of the magnesium battery from the arrow A direction of Fig.1 (a). It is.
図１（ａ）は、本発明の実施形態のマグネシウム電池の一例を示す概略図であり、図１（ｂ）は、同マグネシウム電池の負極を図１（ａ）の矢印Ａ方向から視た図である。 (Embodiment)
Fig.1 (a) is the schematic which shows an example of the magnesium battery of embodiment of this invention, FIG.1 (b) is the figure which looked at the negative electrode of the magnesium battery from the arrow A direction of Fig.1 (a). It is.
このマグネシウム電池は、正極１と負極２とは対向して配置され、絶縁物（例えば樹脂）からなる複数の保持部材３によって保持されている。正極１は、例えば銅板で構成され、リード線Ｌ１が接続されている。負極２は、例えばマグネシウム板で構成されている。
In this magnesium battery, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are arranged to face each other, and are held by a plurality of holding members 3 made of an insulator (for example, resin). The positive electrode 1 is made of, for example, a copper plate and connected to a lead wire L1. The negative electrode 2 is made of, for example, a magnesium plate.
各保持部材３は、保持本体部３ａと止め具３ｂ、３ｃとで構成されている。保持本体部３ａの両側の端部３ａｂ、３ａｃは径が小さくなっており、その一方の端部３ａｂは正極１に設けられた穴（図示せず）に挿入され、ボルト型の止め具３ｂによって正極１が保持本体部３ａに固定されている。他方の端部３ａｃは負極２に設けられた穴（図示せず）に挿入され、ボルト型の止め具３ｃによって負極２が保持本体部３ａに保持されている。ここで負極２はその厚み方向（矢印Ｂ方向）に振動可能なように保持されている。このように、保持部材３は、正極１に対しては固定するように保持し、負極２に対しては矢印Ｂで示す方向に振動（超音波振動）できるように保持している。
Each holding member 3 includes a holding body 3a and stoppers 3b and 3c. The end portions 3ab and 3ac on both sides of the holding main body portion 3a have a small diameter, and one end portion 3ab is inserted into a hole (not shown) provided in the positive electrode 1 and is fastened by a bolt-shaped stopper 3b. The positive electrode 1 is fixed to the holding body 3a. The other end 3ac is inserted into a hole (not shown) provided in the negative electrode 2, and the negative electrode 2 is held by the holding main body 3a by a bolt-type stopper 3c. Here, the negative electrode 2 is held so that it can vibrate in the thickness direction (arrow B direction). As described above, the holding member 3 is held so as to be fixed to the positive electrode 1 and is held so as to vibrate (ultrasonic vibration) in the direction indicated by the arrow B with respect to the negative electrode 2.
そして、負極２の正極１と対向する面の反対側の面には、銅を溶着した銅層９を形成し、その表面に例えばＰＺＴ（チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛）層からなる圧電体４を形成し、さらに銅層９及び圧電体４を被覆する透明な樹脂層５を形成している。そして、銅層９の端部にリード線Ｌ２がはんだ付けされて、樹脂層５の外部へ引き出されている。また、圧電体４の表面には、リード線Ｌ３がはんだ付けされて、樹脂層５の外部へ引き出されている。リード線Ｌ２及びリード線３は超音波発振器６に接続され、リード線Ｌ２は接地電位に固定されている。また、本例では、正極１及び負極２等が容器７に収納されている。
A copper layer 9 on which copper is deposited is formed on the surface opposite to the surface facing the positive electrode 1 of the negative electrode 2, and a piezoelectric body 4 made of, for example, a PZT (lead zirconate titanate) layer is formed on the surface. Further, a transparent resin layer 5 that covers the copper layer 9 and the piezoelectric body 4 is formed. Then, the lead wire L <b> 2 is soldered to the end portion of the copper layer 9 and pulled out to the outside of the resin layer 5. A lead wire L3 is soldered to the surface of the piezoelectric body 4 and is drawn out of the resin layer 5. The lead wire L2 and the lead wire 3 are connected to the ultrasonic oscillator 6, and the lead wire L2 is fixed to the ground potential. In this example, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are accommodated in the container 7.
そして、電池として使用する時には、リード線Ｌ１とリード線Ｌ２との間に負荷８を接続し、容器７に電解液１０として水、海水、または食塩水等の塩化ナトリウム水溶液を入れる。電池として使用する前までは、容器７に電解液１０を入れないことで長期保存が可能になる。なお、容器７を設けずに、電池として使用する時に、正極１及び負極２等を水（湖沼）または海水（海洋）に浸すようにする構成も可能である。
And when using as a battery, the load 8 is connected between the lead wire L1 and the lead wire L2, and sodium chloride aqueous solution, such as water, seawater, or salt solution, is put into the container 7 as the electrolyte solution 10. FIG. Until it is used as a battery, long-term storage is possible by not putting the electrolyte solution 10 in the container 7. In addition, when using as a battery, without providing the container 7, the structure which immerses the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, etc. in water (lake) or seawater (ocean) is also possible.
超音波発振器６は、２０ｋＨｚ～２００ｋＨｚの範囲内で所定の周波数ｆ１の交流電圧を圧電体４へ印加する。このような交流電圧が印加されることにより、圧電体４は矢印Ｂで示す方向に伸縮するように形成されており、圧電体４が伸縮することにより負極２は矢印Ｂで示す方向に超音波振動させられる。この超音波振動は、振動周波数が超音波領域の上記周波数ｆ１となる振動である。上記交流電圧の周波数ｆ１は、負極２と銅層９と圧電体４と樹脂層５とからなる負極部分が固有振動を起こす共振周波数あるいはそれに近い周波数とすることが望ましい。
The ultrasonic oscillator 6 applies an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency f1 to the piezoelectric body 4 within a range of 20 kHz to 200 kHz. When such an AC voltage is applied, the piezoelectric body 4 is formed to expand and contract in the direction indicated by the arrow B. When the piezoelectric body 4 expands and contracts, the negative electrode 2 is ultrasonicated in the direction indicated by the arrow B. Vibrated. This ultrasonic vibration is a vibration whose vibration frequency is the frequency f1 in the ultrasonic region. The frequency f1 of the AC voltage is desirably set to a resonance frequency at which the negative electrode portion including the negative electrode 2, the copper layer 9, the piezoelectric body 4, and the resin layer 5 causes natural vibration or a frequency close thereto.
本実施形態の場合と比較例の場合とにおいて、それぞれの電圧特性と電流特性を調べる実験を行った。この実験結果を図２（ａ）、図２（ｂ）に示す。図２（ａ）は、本実施形態の場合における電圧特性（Ｖ１）の測定結果と、比較例における電圧特性（Ｖ２）の測定結果を示す図であり、図２（ｂ）は、本実施形態の場合における電流特性（Ｉ１）の測定結果と、比較例における電流特性（Ｉ２）の測定結果とを示す図である。
In the case of this embodiment and the case of the comparative example, an experiment was conducted to examine the respective voltage characteristics and current characteristics. The experimental results are shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating the measurement result of the voltage characteristic (V1) in the case of the present embodiment and the measurement result of the voltage characteristic (V2) in the comparative example, and FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the current characteristic (I1) in the case of, and the measurement result of the current characteristic (I2) in the comparative example.
本実施形態の場合における電圧特性（Ｖ１）及び電流特性（Ｉ１）は、図１（ａ）に示すマグネシウム電池において、負荷８に印加される電圧の経時変化及び負荷８に流れる電流の経時変化を示す。また、比較例では、図１（ａ）に示すマグネシウム電池と同様の正極１及び負極２を用いて電池を構成しており、負極２を超音波振動させない構成である。この比較例において、正極１と負極２との間に負荷８を接続した場合の負荷８に印加される電圧の経時変化を電圧特性（Ｖ２）として示し、負荷８に流れる電流の経時変化を電流特性（Ｉ２）として示している。
The voltage characteristics (V1) and current characteristics (I1) in the case of the present embodiment are the change over time of the voltage applied to the load 8 and the change over time of the current flowing through the load 8 in the magnesium battery shown in FIG. Show. Further, in the comparative example, the battery is configured using the same positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 2 as the magnesium battery shown in FIG. 1A, and the negative electrode 2 is not subjected to ultrasonic vibration. In this comparative example, the change with time of the voltage applied to the load 8 when the load 8 is connected between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 is shown as a voltage characteristic (V2), and the change with time of the current flowing through the load 8 is expressed as current. This is shown as characteristic (I2).
図２（ａ）、（ｂ）より、比較例よりも本実施形態の場合の方が、高い電圧を維持し、大きな電流を流せることがわかる。
2 (a) and 2 (b), it can be seen that a higher current can be maintained and a larger current can flow in the present embodiment than in the comparative example.
すなわち本実施形態のように、マグネシウムで構成される負極２を超音波振動させることにより、負極２表面における水酸化マグネシウムの被膜の形成を防止し、長時間の連続使用が可能となるマグネシウム電池を実現できる。
That is, as in this embodiment, a magnesium battery that prevents the formation of a magnesium hydroxide film on the surface of the negative electrode 2 and can be used continuously for a long time by ultrasonically vibrating the negative electrode 2 made of magnesium. realizable.
本実施形態では、超音波洗浄のメカニズムとほぼ同様に、キャビテーション効果などによって水酸化マグネシウムの被膜の形成を防止できると考えられる。すなわち、負極２を超音波振動させることにより電解液１０中に超音波を照射すると、局所的に圧力が高い部分と低い部分とができ、圧力が低い部分では液中に小さな真空の空洞が発生し、その空洞に液中に溶け込んでいる気体が取り込まれて気泡１１（図３参照）となる。再び圧力が高くなると、気泡が押しつぶされ、そのときに衝撃波が発生する。この衝撃波によって、負極２表面に形成される水酸化マグネシウム膜が剥離する（キャビテーション効果）。そして、剥離した水酸化マグネシウム膜は、液粒子の振動する際の大きな加速度により引き剥がされ、超音波照射により発生する直進流により分散させられると考えられる。
In this embodiment, it is considered that the formation of a magnesium hydroxide film can be prevented by a cavitation effect or the like, almost similar to the mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning. That is, when ultrasonic waves are applied to the electrolyte 10 by ultrasonically vibrating the negative electrode 2, a locally high pressure portion and a low pressure portion are formed, and a small vacuum cavity is generated in the liquid at a low pressure portion. Then, the gas dissolved in the liquid is taken into the cavity and becomes a bubble 11 (see FIG. 3). When the pressure rises again, the bubbles are crushed and a shock wave is generated at that time. Due to this shock wave, the magnesium hydroxide film formed on the surface of the negative electrode 2 is peeled off (cavitation effect). The peeled magnesium hydroxide film is peeled off by a large acceleration when the liquid particles vibrate, and is considered to be dispersed by a straight flow generated by ultrasonic irradiation.
本実施形態の場合には、例えば図３に示すように、正極１と対向する負極２表面の近傍に気泡１１が発生し、この発生した気泡１１は負極２から正極１の方向（矢印Ｃの方向）へ進行しながら消滅する状況を確認することができた。また、水酸化マグネシウム膜（図示せず）が負極２から正極１へ向かって分散される状況も確認することができた。図３は、気泡の発生状態を示す模式図である。
In the case of this embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, bubbles 11 are generated in the vicinity of the surface of the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode 1, and the generated bubbles 11 are directed from the negative electrode 2 to the positive electrode 1 (in the direction of the arrow C). We were able to confirm the situation of disappearing while proceeding in the direction). In addition, it was also possible to confirm that the magnesium hydroxide film (not shown) was dispersed from the negative electrode 2 toward the positive electrode 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state where bubbles are generated.
また、本実施形態において、負荷８の消費電力は、超音波発振器６の消費電力に比べてはるかに大きく、例えば、超音波発振器６の消費電力の１０倍以上である。
In this embodiment, the power consumption of the load 8 is much larger than the power consumption of the ultrasonic oscillator 6, for example, 10 times or more the power consumption of the ultrasonic oscillator 6.
なお、本実施形態では負極２をマグネシウム（マグネシウム板）で構成したが、マグネシウム合金（マグネシウムを主成分とする合金であり、例えばマグネシウムを主成分としアルミニウム等を含有する合金）で構成してもよい。
In this embodiment, the negative electrode 2 is made of magnesium (magnesium plate), but may be made of a magnesium alloy (an alloy containing magnesium as a main component, for example, an alloy containing magnesium as a main component and containing aluminum). Good.
また、負極２と圧電体４との間の銅層９を設けずに、負極２の表面に直接、圧電体４が設けられてあってもよい。この場合、リード線Ｌ２は例えば負極２に接続されてあればよい。また、圧電体４の負極２とは反対側の面に平板状の電極となる導電体層を形成し、その導電体層にリード線Ｌ３を接続するようにしてもよい。
Alternatively, the piezoelectric body 4 may be provided directly on the surface of the negative electrode 2 without providing the copper layer 9 between the negative electrode 2 and the piezoelectric body 4. In this case, the lead wire L2 only needs to be connected to the negative electrode 2, for example. Alternatively, a conductor layer serving as a flat electrode may be formed on the surface of the piezoelectric body 4 opposite to the negative electrode 2, and the lead wire L3 may be connected to the conductor layer.
また、圧電体４はＰＺＴ層に限られるものではなく、他の圧電体材料で構成されていてもよい。
Further, the piezoelectric body 4 is not limited to the PZT layer, and may be composed of other piezoelectric materials.
また、正極１を銅（銅板）で構成したが、これに限られるものではなく、負極２を構成するマグネシウムよりイオン化傾向の小さい物質（例えば、銀、白金、金等）で構成すればよい。
Further, although the positive electrode 1 is made of copper (copper plate), the present invention is not limited to this, and may be made of a material (eg, silver, platinum, gold, etc.) having a smaller ionization tendency than magnesium constituting the negative electrode 2.
また、正極１と圧電体４を装着した負極１とからなる組を、複数組直列あるいは並列に接続した構成としてもよい。
Alternatively, a plurality of sets of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 1 equipped with the piezoelectric body 4 may be connected in series or in parallel.
上記説明から、当業者にとっては、本発明の多くの改良や他の実施形態が明らかである。従って、上記説明は、例示としてのみ解釈されるべきであり、本発明を実行する最良の態様を当業者に教示する目的で提供されたものである。本発明の精神を逸脱することなく、その構造及び／又は機能の詳細を実質的に変更できる。
From the above description, many modifications and other embodiments of the present invention are apparent to persons skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description should be construed as illustrative only and is provided for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention. The details of the structure and / or function may be substantially changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.
本発明は、長時間の連続使用が可能となるマグネシウム電池等として有用である。
The present invention is useful as a magnesium battery that can be used continuously for a long time.
１ 正極
２ 負極
３ 保持部材
４ 圧電体
５ 樹脂層
６ 超音波発振器
７ 容器
８ 負荷
９ 銅層
１０ 電解液 DESCRIPTION OFSYMBOLS 1 Positive electrode 2 Negative electrode 3 Holding member 4 Piezoelectric body 5 Resin layer 6 Ultrasonic oscillator 7 Container 8 Load 9 Copper layer 10 Electrolyte
２ 負極
３ 保持部材
４ 圧電体
５ 樹脂層
６ 超音波発振器
７ 容器
８ 負荷
９ 銅層
１０ 電解液 DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (2)
- マグネシウムまたはマグネシウム合金からなる負極と、
前記負極と対向して配置される正極とを有し、
前記負極及び前記正極を電解液に浸した状態で、実質的に前記負極と前記正極とが対向する方向に前記負極を超音波振動させるように構成された、マグネシウム電池。 A negative electrode made of magnesium or a magnesium alloy;
A positive electrode disposed opposite to the negative electrode;
A magnesium battery configured to ultrasonically vibrate the negative electrode in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode face each other in a state where the negative electrode and the positive electrode are immersed in an electrolytic solution. - 前記負極を超音波振動させるために、前記負極の前記正極と対向する反対側の面に圧電体を取り付け、前記圧電体に前記超音波振動に応じた周波数の交流電圧を印加することにより前記圧電体が前記負極と前記正極とが対向する方向に伸縮するように構成された、請求項１に記載のマグネシウム電池。 To ultrasonically vibrate the negative electrode, a piezoelectric body is attached to the opposite surface of the negative electrode facing the positive electrode, and an AC voltage having a frequency corresponding to the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the piezoelectric body. The magnesium battery according to claim 1, wherein the body is configured to expand and contract in a direction in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode face each other.
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| PCT/JP2011/000309 WO2012098586A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2011-01-21 | Magnesium battery |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/000309 WO2012098586A1 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2011-01-21 | Magnesium battery |
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