JP5379941B1 - Separated interlayer magnesium battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Magnesium battery reacts with oxygen in the air when there is an electrolyte, has a large self-discharge and is not well-preserved, so it is always stored in the absence of electrolyte and used only when used There is a way to inject. However, once the electrolytic solution is injected and the discharge starts, there is a problem that it is consumed by self-discharge without connecting the load circuit.
【solution】
Four layers of a magnesium layer serving as a negative electrode, an intermediate separator layer and an activated carbon layer, and a good conductor layer serving as a positive electrode are arranged in this order, and the separator layer is filled with an electrolyte solution. Any two layers, or any three layers adjacent to each other constitute a layer group, and the remaining layers independently constitute a single layer, and each layer group includes the layer group. Each of the constituent layers is always in close contact with each other as a whole, and includes a means capable of repeatedly moving all of the layer groups and the single layer relative to each other and repeating isolation or close contact.

Description

The present invention relates to a magnesium battery and a battery system. In particular, the present invention relates to a magnesium battery having a mechanism capable of arbitrarily selecting start and stop of power generation.

Magnesium batteries have high energy density and high safety. The material magnesium is extremely abundant and inexpensive. It is also lightweight.

In a magnesium battery, magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide is generated by generating electric power. However, these can be converted to magnesium again by raising the temperature, and are expected as a circulating battery material.

However, if the magnesium battery has an electrolyte, it reacts with oxygen in the air, resulting in large self-discharge and poor storage.

Therefore, there is a method in which the electrolyte solution is always stored in the absence of the electrolyte solution and the electrolyte solution is injected only when used. For example, the water injection battery disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-4815 is a primary battery using silver chloride or lead chloride for the positive electrode and magnesium for the negative electrode, stored in a state not containing an electrolyte solution, and immersed in seawater or fresh water. The discharge is started.

As described above, once the electrolytic solution is injected and the discharge starts, there is a problem that the self-discharge is consumed even if the load circuit is not connected.

Also, JP 2005-527069 discloses, as another example, a start postponed dry battery that does not substantially deteriorate during storage and is activated by adding water to distribute all power with a minimum delay. ing.

Although this technology states that not only one cell but also a plurality of cells can be activated, once the electrolytic solution is injected and the discharge starts, the load circuit is connected as described above. Even if it is not connected, the problem of being consumed by self-discharge is the same.

Patent Publication No. 2006-4815 Patent Publication No. 2005-527069

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the magnesium battery does not use all of the magnesium held at one time, but generates power at a certain point in the middle when generating and using a part of power, It is also possible to start the power generation action at an arbitrary time.

Moreover, the 2nd subject is providing the battery system which can produce electric power continuously so that the package containing a magnesium battery is exchangeable.

The present invention
Magnesium layer to be negative electrode, intermediate separator layer and activated carbon layer, and good conductor layer to be positive electrode are arranged in this order,
The separator layer is filled with an electrolyte solution;
One or a plurality of combinations of any two or more adjacent layers in each layer constitute one or a plurality of layer groups,
When there is a remaining layer that is not included in the layer group, the remaining layer independently constitutes a single layer,
Within each layer group, the layers constituting the layer group are always in close contact with each other without any gaps,
A means capable of repeatedly moving all of the layer groups and the single layer relative to each other and repeatedly isolating or adhering them;
In the position before the movement, all the layer groups and the single layer are configured to face each other without gaps as a whole,
In the moved position, all the single layers and the layer groups are physically separated from each other.
A magnesium battery characterized by that.

In particular, the magnesium battery is characterized in that the magnesium layer is a single layer, and the separator layer, the activated carbon layer , and the good conductor layer are a layer group .

The present invention also provides:
The magnesium battery is a package of a certain size,
A rack capable of installing a plurality of the packages;
A control device capable of operating in combination with a plurality of the packages;
The package depleted of the magnesium layer can be appropriately replaced individually,
Thus, the battery system is characterized in that the operation can always be continued.

It is possible to stop the power generation operation at an arbitrary point in the middle and start the power generation operation at an arbitrary time when using a part of the generated magnesium instead of using all of the magnesium held at once. It is to provide a magnesium battery.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery system in which the magnesium battery mechanism can be packaged so that the magnesium-consumed package can be replaced as appropriate, and can be continuously operated.

A sketch of the electrode substrate of the first embodiment Partial sectional view showing the electrode structure of the first embodiment Conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the first embodiment Conceptual diagram of another overall configuration of the first embodiment Diagram of electrode substrate of second embodiment Partial sectional view showing the electrode structure of the second embodiment Conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the second embodiment Conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the third embodiment Diagram of negative electrode substrate of fourth embodiment Diagram of electrode substrate of fifth embodiment Conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the fifth embodiment Diagram of electrode substrate of sixth embodiment Conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the sixth embodiment Diagram of electrode substrate of seventh embodiment Conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the seventh embodiment Battery system outline drawing Electric block diagram of battery system

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sketch of an electrode substrate. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electrode of a magnesium battery according to this example. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the overall configuration of the magnesium battery. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an overall configuration of another mechanism of the magnesium battery.

In the description, up, down, left and right refer to up, down, left and right in the figure. The actual arrangement may be different from that shown in the figure. The same applies to Example 2 and below.

FIG. 1 is a sketch showing a state where 12 cells of a plurality of magnesium batteries are arranged two-dimensionally. The code is attached only to the one corresponding to one cell in order to avoid congestion. 1 is a truncated cone-shaped negative electrode 21 with the reference numeral shown in FIG. 1 (a), and a concave part formed by using the negative electrode 21 as a convex shape. One cell is formed by a combination of two positive electrodes 31.

As shown in FIG. 1A, negative electrodes 21 are arranged two-dimensionally at equal intervals on a negative electrode substrate 22 that is an insulator. In this figure, the convex portion is shown upward.

As shown in FIG. 1B, on the positive electrode substrate 32 that is an insulator, a structure of a concave portion that faces each negative electrode 21 that is a convex portion is processed. The same number of positive electrodes 31 are arranged in the same arrangement as viewed in the two-dimensional direction so that each individual positive electrode 31 faces each negative electrode 21.

The arrangement of the negative electrode 21 and the positive electrode 31 is not limited to a planar arrangement as shown in FIG. 1, but may be a single cell or a linear arrangement.

FIG. 2 shows a cross section taken along the plane P indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. In Fig.2 (a), with respect to FIG. 1, the up-down is opposite and the convex part is facing down. As shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the negative electrode 21 is covered with fixed magnesium 211 to form a layer to form the negative electrode 21. The positive electrode 31 forms a positive electrode 31 by laminating and fixing layers of a good conductor 313, activated carbon 312, and a separator 311 in order from the side closer to the positive electrode substrate 32 (from the lower side in the figure).

In the illustrated example, the negative electrode and the positive electrode are separated from each other between the magnesium 211 layer and the separator 311 layer, but the magnesium 211 layer and the separator 311 layer are combined into one layer group. A structure may be used in which the layer and the activated carbon 312 layer are separated from each other.

In this figure, the negative electrode substrate 22 is in a position facing the positive electrode substrate 32 with the convex portion, which is the negative electrode 21, facing downward, and the concave portion facing upward. As shown in FIG. 2A, when the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32 are separated from each other, the two electrodes are physically separated and there is no electrical conduction.

As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32, which are placed in parallel and separated from each other, approach a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate as shown in FIG. 2 (b). And the negative electrode 21 which is a convex part is inserted in the hole of the positive electrode 31 which is a recessed part in the respectively determined position, and the surfaces of all the two electrodes are physically in contact with no gap.

The separator 311 of the positive electrode 31 is made of a sponge-like or felt-like material and filled with an electrolytic solution (water) or a jelly-like electrolytic solution.

As shown in FIG. 2 (b), when one convex portion that is the negative electrode 21 and one concave portion that is the positive electrode come close together, each forms one cell of a magnesium battery.

Terminals (not shown) of the respective cells are wired so that the respective cells are connected in series or in parallel by wiring (not shown) in order to obtain a desired voltage or current. As a result, when a load is connected to the negative electrode lead wire 23 and the positive electrode lead wire 33 shown in FIG. 1, a current flows through the load to start and start a power generation operation.

When the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32 are separated from each other again, the electrical continuity is lost, and the power generation action is stopped. In this way, starting and stopping can be arbitrarily repeated.

The geometric structure of the positive and negative electrodes is a frustum and a hole made of it. If the inclination of the side of the frustum is small, it is possible to switch between separation and contact with a slight vertical movement. it can.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of an apparatus that can mechanically connect two positive and negative electrode substrates and freely stop / start. In FIG. 3, only the housing 12 is shown as a cross-sectional view with the front side of the figure cut off. This structure is called a link mechanism.

A set of positive and negative electrode substrates and the drive mechanism 4 are fixed to a base 11 that is a bottom plate of the housing 12. The housing 12 has an airtight structure so that magnesium does not naturally oxidize when exposed to the atmosphere, and an inert gas is sealed inside. The following examples are also the same.

In FIG. 3, it can be seen that the positive and negative electrode substrates are connected by two links 44. FIG. 3 is a side view, and there is the same link mechanism on the other side that is not directly visible. That is, both electrode substrates are connected by a total of four links 44.

Since the two links 44 on one side and the positive and negative electrode substrates form a parallelogram, both electrode substrates supported by such links 44 on both sides are always parallel to each other even if they are separated or close to each other. keep. If the dimension of the link 44 is sufficiently long, the two electrode substrates move substantially perpendicularly to the surface at a short separation distance.

When the positive and negative electrode substrates are pulled perpendicular to each other by the spring 22 with no force to separate them, the magnesium 211 of the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32 separator 311 are They are pressing each other with appropriate force.

In FIG. 3, the drive mechanism 4 is disposed on the right side of the housing 12, and a push rod 41 that moves forward and backward is protruding from the drive mechanism 4. When the arm protruding from the negative electrode substrate 22 with the push rod 41 on the upper side is pushed upward in the figure, the negative electrode substrate 22 moves in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the surface by the link mechanism. Separate.

In this way, when the push rod 41 is long and the electrode substrates are separated from each other, the power generation operation is stopped, and when the push rod 41 is retracted and the electrode substrates are approaching and in contact, Power generation starts.

The magnesium battery 1 can be arbitrarily switched between these two states. Switching can be repeated until the magnesium 211 on the surface of the negative electrode 21 is consumed by the power generation action.

The driving mechanism 4 can be operated by a person pressing a button, receiving a signal from the outside, or starting by a timer.

The drive mechanism 4 may push the negative electrode substrate 22 from the horizontal direction in the figure.

The drive mechanism 4 can use an appropriate power such as an electric motor or a spring. Manual operation is also possible.

In the example shown in FIG. 2 , only the magnesium 211 layer and the separator 311 layer are separated from each other. However, the separator 311 layer and the activated carbon 312 layer may be separated at the same time. In this case, the magnesium layer and the separator layer constitute a single layer, and the activated carbon layer constitutes a layer group with the layer of the good conductor 313. Therefore, a structure in which stacked in three stages by dividing the two single layers and one layer group into three electrode substrates, not only both ends of the link, engages the electrode board in the middle of the link, the link is What is necessary is just to install so that rotation is possible.

FIG. 4 shows the concept of the overall configuration of a magnesium battery using another mechanism. In this example, only the means for contacting / separating both electrode substrates is a mechanism different from that shown in FIG. 3, and the other basics of the battery including the structure of both electrodes are the same. . The mechanism described below is called a vertical movement mechanism.

As shown in the plan view of FIG. 4A, guide holes 217 perpendicular to the surface of the substrate are arranged at the four corners of the negative electrode substrate 22. On the other hand, at the four corners of the positive electrode substrate 32, four rods 317 perpendicular to the surface of the substrate are installed at positions corresponding to the guide holes 217 at the four corners of the negative electrode substrate 22.

When the rods 317 are inserted into the guide holes 217 with both the electrode substrates parallel, the upper negative electrode substrate 22 can move up and down as viewed in FIG. At this time, the concavities and convexities, which are positive and negative electrodes arranged on both electrode substrates, face each other.

As can be seen from the side view of FIG. 4B, grooves 223 and 323 are formed on the surface where the electrodes are located at the center of both electrode substrates, avoiding the position of the electrodes. In the hole formed by the upper and lower grooves, a rotating rod 15 having an elliptical cross section is supported by a support base (not shown) and is rotatably inserted. A knob 16 is provided at one end of the rotating rod 15.

As shown in FIG. 4B, when the elliptical major axis of the cross section of the rotating rod 15 is horizontal in the figure, the rotating rod 15 is not in contact with both electrode substrates, and the negative electrode 21 and the positive electrode 31 are The two springs 213 disposed around the electrode substrates are pulled and contacted.

As shown in FIG. 4 (c), when the rotary rod 15 is rotated 90 degrees with the knob 16, the major axis of the ellipse becomes vertical and pushes between the two electrode substrates, so that the negative electrode 21 and the positive electrode 31 Isolate. In FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C, no knob is drawn to avoid congestion.

In this way, both electrode substrates can be brought into contact with or separated from each other. Depending on the state, the power generation action can be started or stopped.

Although it has been described that the knob 16 is rotated manually, it can also be operated by using an appropriate rotation driving device and by a person pressing a driving button, receiving a driving signal from the outside, or starting by a timer.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the battery substrate does not have to be horizontal, and any posture is possible.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a sketch of the electrode substrate of the magnesium battery according to the present embodiment, FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the negative electrode substrate 22, FIG. 5 (b) is a plan view of the positive electrode substrate 32, and FIG. ) And FIG. 5 (d) are side views in which both electrode substrates face each other with the electrodes. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the electrode. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the magnesium battery. The mechanism described in FIG. 7 is referred to as a rolling mechanism.

As can be seen from FIG. 5A and FIG. 5C, the plurality of portions of the insulating material 212 that is the negative electrode substrate 22 are rectangles having the same size in plan view, and have a certain depth in the thickness direction. It is dug in. The plurality of dug portions 215 are arranged in a line. The distance between adjacent digging portions 215 is slightly larger than the width of the digging portion 215. A block of magnesium 211 is fitted into the digging portion 215 to form the negative electrode 21.

As shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 6A, a spring 213 is placed on the bottom of the dug portion 215, and an extruded material 214 is disposed below the spring 213. A force that is pushed out from the dug portion 215 toward the outside (lower side in the figure) by the spring 213 is exerted on the extruded material 214.

A block of magnesium 211 is disposed below the extruded material 214. Even if the surface of the block of magnesium 211 is pushed by the extruding material 214 and consumed by a chemical reaction, it can come out below the surface of the insulating material 212.

A plane wiring 216 is embedded in a wall surface of the dug portion 215 perpendicular to the negative electrode substrate 32, and one surface thereof is flush with the wall surface, and a block of magnesium 211 is formed in the dug portion 215. Electrical connection is maintained at any position.

The planar wiring 216 is connected to the terminal 13 on the surface opposite to the side where the negative electrode 21 is provided on the negative electrode substrate 22 by the wiring 14.

The positive electrode substrate 32 shown in FIG. 5B is provided with the digging portion 315 having the same shape and the same arrangement as the digging portion 215 of the negative electrode substrate 22 in plan view.

As shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 6B, each layer of the good conductor 313, the activated carbon 312, and the separator 311 is laminated and fixed in order from the bottom in the figure in the digging portion 315 to form the positive electrode 31. ing.

The separator 311 of the positive electrode 31 is made of a sponge-like or felt-like material and filled with an electrolytic solution (water) or a jelly-like electrolytic solution. The separator 311 slightly protrudes from the surface of the positive electrode substrate 32.

The good conductor 313 is connected to the terminal 13 on the surface opposite to the side where the positive electrode 31 is provided on the positive electrode substrate 32 by the wiring 14.

As shown in FIG. 5C, when the positive electrode 31 and the negative electrode 21 formed in the digging portions of the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32 are opposed to each other by overlapping two positive and negative electrode substrates. The positive and negative electrodes are integrated to form a magnesium battery cell. In the figure, three cells are drawn.

In order to obtain a desired voltage or current, each electrode has a terminal 13 wired so that cells are connected in series or in parallel by a not-shown wiring, and the two electrode substrates shown in FIG. When the negative electrode lead wire 23 and the positive electrode lead wire 33 at the ends are connected to a load, a current flows and a power generation action starts.

As shown in FIG. 5 (d), when the two electrode substrates are shifted by the width of one cell in the horizontal direction in the figure, the positive and negative electrodes are separated from each other, and the electrodes and the insulating material are opposed to each other. And no electrical contact. Therefore, the power generation action is in a stopped state.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the magnesium battery 1 using the both electrode substrates. FIG. 7A is a side view, and FIG. 7B is a front view. A device in which a set of positive and negative electrode substrates is mechanically coupled and a drive mechanism 4 is housed inside the housing 12 and can be a device capable of switching the stop / start of the power generation action. .

The housing 12 has an airtight structure so that the magnesium does not oxidize naturally when exposed to the atmosphere. In FIG. 7, only the housing 12 is shown as a cross-sectional view with the front side of the figure cut off.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the negative electrode substrate 22 is wider than the positive electrode substrate 32, and a groove 223 in which the roller 43 rolls is processed at the widened edge portion. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 7B, similar grooves are formed in the ceiling plate that is the upper part of the housing 12 and the lower base 11.

As shown in FIG. 7, between the upper and lower surfaces of the negative electrode substrate 22 and the ceiling plate that is the upper part of the housing 12 and the lower base 11, there are four cylindrical rollers 43 in total up and down. Thus, the negative electrode substrate 22 is sandwiched between the rollers 43 and has a mechanism that can freely move in the horizontal direction.

The positive electrode substrate 32 is fixed to the base 11 below the housing 12 and faces the negative electrode substrate 22.

In the drawing, the diameter of the lower roller 43 is slightly larger than the thickness of the positive electrode substrate 32. As a result, there is a slight gap between the two electrode substrates, and the negative electrode substrate 22 is the positive electrode substrate 32. It is possible to move without friction.

As shown in FIG. 6B, since the separator 311 which is the uppermost layer of the positive electrode 31 on the lower side slightly protrudes from the surface of the positive electrode substrate 32, there is a gap between both electrode substrates. Even in this case, electrical contact with the magnesium 211 of the upper negative electrode 21 is possible.

As shown in FIG. 7A, the drive mechanism 4 is disposed on the right side of the housing 12 in the drawing and is fixed to the base 11. A push rod 41 comes out of the drive mechanism 4 and moves forward and backward in the direction of a double arrow. When the push rod 41 horizontally pushes the negative electrode substrate 22 on the upper side in the drawing, the negative electrode substrate 22 moves in the horizontal direction.

Thereby, the positions of the two electrode substrates are changed as shown in FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D. As shown in FIG. 5 (d), when the electrode portions of both electrode substrates are separated from each other, the power generation action is stopped, and as shown in FIG. 5 (c), both electrodes of each cell approach. Thus, when they are in electrical contact, the power generation operation starts and the start / stop can be freely switched. The switching is repeated until the magnesium layer of the negative electrode is exhausted.

As another method, the negative electrode substrate 22 described above is not embedded with only the magnesium 211, but is embedded with magnesium, a separator, activated carbon, and a good conductor forming one cell in this order. Instead of embedding only the separator, activated carbon, and good conductor in the electrode substrate 32, it is possible to embed all the layers forming one cell as in the case of the negative electrode plate 22.

In this case, the start / stop can be freely switched by contacting or separating the two cells.

The drive mechanism can be operated by a person pressing a button, receiving a signal from the outside, or starting by a timer.

The posture of the battery may not be horizontal as described.

The drive mechanism can use an appropriate power such as an electric motor or a spring.

In this embodiment, the magnesium 211 blocks are arranged on a straight line, but may be arranged two-dimensionally.

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the magnesium battery. The structure shown in FIG. 8 is assumed to be a horizontal movement link mechanism. In the third embodiment, since there are many portions similar to those in the second embodiment, only different portions will be described. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.

In the third embodiment, as in the second embodiment, the same electrode substrate as that shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is used. However, the negative electrode substrate 22 does not have an edge portion and is in the same plan view as the positive electrode substrate 32. The electrode structure is the same for any electrode substrate.

As shown in FIG. 8, two electrode substrates are connected by four links. This point is similar to the first embodiment, but in this embodiment, the amount of rotation of the link is large, and both electrode substrates in FIG. As indicated by the arrows, the negative electrode substrate 22 moves to the left and moves to the contact state.

The drive mechanism 4 is fixedly installed on the housing 12, and the drive mechanism 4 includes a push rod 41 protruding leftward in the drawing. The push rod 41 can rotate the link 44 by pushing the negative electrode substrate 22 to the position indicated by the broken line in FIG.

In FIG. 8 (a), two positive and negative electrode substrates are stacked, and negative electrodes 21 and positive electrodes 31 are formed in the dug portions of the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32, respectively. The state where the electrode 31 and the negative electrode 21 face each other is shown. Each electrode is united to constitute one magnesium battery cell. In the figure, three cells are drawn with broken lines.

In this state, both electrodes of each cell face each other and are in electrical contact with each other, and a power generation operation starts.

FIG. 8B shows a state where the link 44 is rotated and the negative electrode substrate 22 is moved to the left position in the drawing. Since the electrode portions of the two electrode substrates are separated and there is no electrical contact, the power generation action stops.

Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those of the second embodiment.

A fourth embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 9 shows a negative electrode substrate 22 according to this embodiment. FIG. 9A is a plan view, and FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C are cross-sectional views at the position AA ′ in FIG. 9A.

In the second and third embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6A, the negative electrode plate 23 uses a method of pushing out the magnesium 211 from the digging portion 215 of the negative electrode substrate 22 with a spring. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, the negative electrode substrate of the embodiment does not use this method, and magnesium 211 is directly embedded in the negative electrode plate 23 that is an insulator.

As shown in FIG. 9A, the negative electrode substrate 23 is connected to the auxiliary substrate 224 as shown in FIG. 9B with the springs 225 arranged at the four corners therebetween, and is connected to two sheets. It has a combination structure of substrates. FIG. 9B shows a state where the springs 225 are compressed by applying force to both substrates from both sides. FIG. 9C shows a state in which no force is applied to both substrates and the spring 225 is free.

In this embodiment, such a combination of the negative electrode substrate 23 and the auxiliary substrate 224 is replaced with a negative electrode substrate in the overall configuration of the third embodiment.

According to this structure, when the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32 face each other and are pressed against each other, even if there is a slight flatness deviation, the expansion and contraction of the spring 225 absorbs it, and all the The electrode is in stable contact.

Other configurations, operations and effects are the same as those of the third embodiment.

A fifth embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 10 shows an electrode substrate according to this example. FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the magnesium battery according to this example. The mechanism shown in FIG. 11 is called a vertical fan mechanism.

FIG. 10A is a plan view of the negative electrode substrate 22, and FIG. 10B is a plan view of the positive electrode substrate 32. The difference from the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is that the edge of the negative electrode substrate 22 is eliminated, while both electrode substrates are extended on the left side in the drawing and provided with an extra portion without electrodes. It is.

As shown in FIG. 10 (a), a shaft hole 226 is provided at the left end in the negative electrode substrate 22, while the left end in the positive electrode substrate 22 is shown in FIG. 10 (b). There are bearings 321 on both sides, and when the two electrode substrates face each other so that the electrodes face each other, the negative electrode substrate fits between the two bearings 321 of the positive electrode substrate 22, and the shaft hole 226 and the bearing 321 communicate with each other. Therefore, both the substrates can be integrated by inserting the rotating shaft 17.

FIG. 10C shows the situation at this time as viewed from the side. The negative electrode substrate 22 is fixed between the rotation shaft 17 and, on the other hand, the positive electrode substrate 32 and the rotation shaft 17 can freely rotate. Thus, it rotates around the rotation shaft 17.

FIG. 11 shows a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of an apparatus that can mechanically connect two positive and negative electrode substrates and freely stop / start. FIG. 11A is a plan view, and FIG. 11B is a side view.

One set of both electrode substrates and the drive mechanism 4 are accommodated in the housing 12, and the positive electrode substrate 32 and the drive mechanism 4 are fixed to the base 11 of the housing 12.

As can be seen in FIG. 11A, the rotary shaft 17 coming out of the drive mechanism 4 passes through the shaft hole 226 of the negative electrode substrate and the bearing 321 so that both electrode substrates are connected. The rotary shaft 17 can be rotated as a center.

When the rotating shaft 17 rotates counterclockwise, the negative electrode substrate 22 changes its position and is separated from the positive electrode substrate 32 as indicated by a broken line in FIG.

The power generation action is started at a position where the electrode portions of both electrode substrates are in contact with each other, and the power generation action is stopped at a position where they are separated from each other.

Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those of the second embodiment.

In the above examples, the negative electrode is mainly a magnesium layer and the positive electrode is a laminate of separator, activated carbon, and good conductor layers. However, as another structure, each layer forming a cell is made of magnesium. Each of the layers and the separator layer may be a single layer, and the activated carbon and the good conductor layer may be a layer group, and each may be disposed on one electrode substrate.

FIG. 12 shows three electrode substrates in the sixth embodiment. FIG. 12A shows a negative electrode substrate 22 in which magnesium 211 is inserted into three digging portions of the substrate. FIG. 12B shows a structure in which separators 311 are inserted into three openings penetrating in the thickness direction of the intermediate electrode substrate 60. FIG. 12C shows a positive electrode substrate 32 in which activated carbon and a good conductor layer are stacked and inserted into three digging portions of the positive electrode substrate 32.

The width of the negative electrode substrate 22 is L1 and is equal to the inner width of the two bearing portions 612 of the intermediate electrode substrate 60. The outer width of the two bearing portions 612 of the intermediate electrode substrate 60 is L2, and is equal to the inner width of the two bearing portions 324 of the positive electrode substrate 32.

Since the relationship between the widths of the three electrode substrates is as described above, the three electrode substrates can be stacked without interfering with each other, as indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG. . At this time, the positions of the respective dug portions or the openings penetrating in the thickness direction are also overlapped, and a cell of a magnesium battery is formed by overlapping three electrode substrates.

FIG. 12 (d) shows a cross-sectional view of the double rotating shaft 18 for coupling and integrating the shaft hole 226, the bearing 611, and the bearing 321 at one end of the three electrode substrates. The double rotation shaft 18 is composed of an inner rotation shaft 181 and an outer rotation shaft 182 that can rotate independently on the left side in the drawing, and a tip 183 having the same diameter as the outer rotation shaft 18 is screwed and fixed on the right side. Can do.

When the double rotating shaft 18 is inserted into the shaft hole 226, the bearing 611, and the bearing 321 of the three substrates and the tip portion 183 is fixed, the diameter of the shaft hole 226 of the negative electrode substrate 22 is the diameter of the outer rotating shaft 181. Therefore, the negative electrode substrate 22 is positioned in the range indicated by the width L1 at the center of the double rotating shaft 18 shown in FIG.

The two bearing portions 612 of the intermediate electrode substrate 60 are limited in position in the width direction by the position of the negative electrode substrate 22, and are located in a range excluding the range of L1 from the range of L2. Similarly, the two bearing portions 324 of the positive electrode substrate 32 are located in a range excluding the range of L2 from the range of L3.

When the double rotating shaft 18 is inserted into the shaft hole 226, the bearing 611, and the bearing 321 of the three substrates, it is fixed so as not to rotate between the negative electrode substrate 22 and the inner rotating shaft 181. It fixes so that it may not rotate between 60 and the outer side rotating shaft 182. FIG. The space between the positive electrode substrate 32 and the outer rotating shaft 182 is not fixed and can be freely rotated.

As a result, the three substrates can rotate independently about the double rotation shaft 18.

FIG. 13 shows a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of an apparatus in which such three electrode substrates are stacked and mechanically connected to freely stop / start power generation. FIG. 13A is a plan view, and FIG. 13B is a side view.

The positive electrode substrate 32 and the drive mechanism 4 are fixed to the base 11 of the housing 12. The drive mechanism 4 is drawn with a broken line for easy viewing. The three electrode substrates are also drawn with solid lines for easy viewing.

As shown by the solid line in FIG. 13B, when the three electrode substrates are integrally overlapped, the layers are in close contact with each other to form a magnesium battery, so that the power generation operation starts. On the other hand, as indicated by the broken lines, when the three electrode substrates change their positions and are separated in a fan shape, the electrical contact is simultaneously cut off at two points of the layer constituting the cell, and the power generation action is stopped.

In the double rotary shaft 18, a known gear mechanism built in the drive mechanism 4 can be used to rotate the inner rotary shaft 181 and the outer rotary shaft 182 at different angles.

Thus, the cell of a magnesium battery can drive | operate or stop an electric power generation effect | action by changing the position of both electrode substrates or three electrode substrates, and contacting or separating.

Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those of the second embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the vertical fan mechanism has been described. However, in the other embodiments as well, a structure in which three electrode substrates are simultaneously contacted or separated is possible.

In this embodiment, the structure with three electrode substrates has been described. However, one layer of magnesium, separator, activated carbon, and good conductor is arranged on four electrode substrates, and the four electrode substrates are contacted simultaneously. It is good also as a structure separated.

The structure in which the four electrode substrates are simultaneously contacted or separated can also be applied to other embodiments.

The seventh embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 14 shows an electrode substrate according to this example. FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of the overall configuration of the magnesium battery according to this example. The structure shown in FIG. 15 is called a fan mechanism.

FIG. 14A is a plan view of the negative electrode substrate 22, and FIG. 14B is a plan view of the positive electrode substrate 32. The difference from the negative electrode substrate 22 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 10A is that the shaft hole 226 is not in the horizontal direction but in the vertical direction with respect to the surface of the electrode substrate. In addition, the long hole 227 is also formed in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.

FIG. 14B is a plan view of the positive electrode substrate 32. The difference from the positive electrode substrate 32 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. That is, the rotation shaft 322 is vertically installed at a position corresponding to the shaft hole 226 of the negative electrode substrate 22.

As shown in the side view of FIG. 14C, the negative electrode substrate 22 and the positive electrode substrate 32 are connected by inserting a shaft hole 226 into the rotating shaft 322, and the negative electrode substrate 22 is connected to the structure shown in FIG. It can rotate as shown by the solid and broken lines.

FIG. 15 shows an overall configuration of a device in which one set of both electrode substrates mechanically connected to two positive and negative electrode substrates and the drive mechanism 4 are housed in the housing 12 and the power generation operation can be stopped or started at any time. The conceptual diagram of is shown. FIG. 15A is a plan view, and FIG. 15B is a side view.

The positive electrode substrate 32 and the drive mechanism 4 are fixed to the base 11 of the housing 12.

As shown in the side view of FIG. 14C, the drive pin 46 extending downward from the tip of the traverse arm 45 protruding from the drive mechanism 4 is inserted into the elongated hole 227 of the negative electrode substrate 22. The drive pin 46 does not reach the positive electrode substrate 32.

When the traversing arm 45 is driven in the left-right direction (up and down in FIG. 15A), the negative electrode substrate 22 rotates and changes its position, and is separated from the positive electrode substrate 32.

In this way, when the two electrode substrates are in contact with or separated from each other, the negative electrode 21 and the positive electrode 31 form or do not form cells, and operate or stop the power generation operation.

Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those of the second embodiment.

Although the seven embodiments have been described above, it has been found that it is possible to operate or stop the power generation operation by separating one layer, separating a plurality of layers, or separating cells. .

In FIG. 16, the external view of the battery system 5 is shown. Any of the above-described embodiments or any different from the present embodiment, the magnesium battery 1 capable of optionally operating or stopping the power generation operation is housed in a rack and a battery package 51 of a certain size. And stored in a rack 52 in which a plurality of battery packages 51 can be stored.

The battery package 51 depleted in magnesium can be removed from the rack 52 and replaced as shown on the leftmost side of FIG.

FIG. 17 is an electrical block diagram of the battery system 5. A controller 53 (not shown) is provided inside the rack 52 to monitor the state of each battery package 51 and control the voltage and current. The power source 536 used to start the controller 53 and start each battery package 51 contains a dedicated battery.

The output of each battery package 51 can be switched between series or parallel connection by an electrical means or manual setting by the connection switching unit 531, and the output voltage of the desired battery system 5 can be selected.

The voltage monitoring unit 532 monitors the output voltage of each battery package 51 and sends a monitoring result signal to the control unit 531. The current monitoring unit 533 monitors the output current of each battery package 51, and sends a monitoring result signal to the control unit 531. The control unit 531 monitors the state of the battery package 51 based on these signals, sends the result to the connection switching unit 534, controls the output, or displays it on the display unit 535 installed in the rack 52.

Items to be monitored are, for example, insufficient voltage, eddy current, and the like. In particular, when the power generation operation is started or stopped due to contact or separation between the two electrodes, a large voltage may be generated due to inrush or interruption of current, so current limiting control is performed.

It can be used as a battery and a battery system that can repeatedly generate and stop power at any time. Magnesium, which is an active material of a battery, can be used as a recyclable energy resource that can reduce the reaction product and reuse it.

1 Magnesium battery 11 Base 12 Housing 13 Terminal 14 Wiring 15 Rotating rod 16 Knob 17 Rotating shaft 18 Double rotating shaft 181 Inner rotating shaft 182 Outer rotating shaft 183 Tip

21 Negative electrode 211 Magnesium 212 Insulating material 213 Spring 214 Extruded material 215 Dimmed portion 216 Planar wiring 217 Guide hole 22 Negative electrode substrate 223 Groove 224 Auxiliary substrate 225 Spring 226 Shaft hole 227 Long hole 23 Negative electrode lead wire

31 Positive electrode 311 Separator 312 Activated carbon 313 Good conductor 314 Insulating material 315 Engraved portion 317 Rod 32 Positive electrode substrate 321 Bearing 322 Rotating shaft 323 Groove 324 Bearing portion 33 Positive electrode lead wire

4 Drive Mechanism 41 Push Rod 42 Spring 43 Roller 44 Link 45 Traverse Arm 46 Drive Pin

5 Battery System 51 Battery Package 52 Rack 53 Controller 531 Control Unit 532 Voltage Monitoring Unit 533 Current Monitoring Unit 534 Connection Switching Unit 535 Display Unit 536 Power Supply

60 Intermediate electrode substrate 611 Bearing 612 Bearing part

Claims (4)

Four layers are arranged in this order: a magnesium layer as a negative electrode, an intermediate separator layer and an activated carbon layer, and a good conductor layer as a positive electrode.
The separator layer is filled with an electrolyte solution;
A layer group is composed of any two adjacent layers among the four layers, or any three layers adjacent in succession.
When there are remaining layers not included in the layer group, each of the remaining layers independently constitutes a single layer,
Within each layer group, the layers constituting the layer group are always in close contact with each other without any gaps,
A means capable of repeatedly moving all the layer groups and the single layer relative to each other and repeating separation or adhesion;
In the position before the movement, all the layer groups and the single layer are configured to face each other without gaps as a whole,
In the position after movement, all the layer groups and the single layer are configured to be physically separated from each other. The magnesium battery according to claim 1,
The magnesium layer is a single layer,
A magnesium battery characterized in that the separator layer, the activated carbon layer, and the good conductor layer are combined into a layer group. The magnesium battery according to claim 1,
Each layer group and each single layer are stacked on one electrode substrate,
The magnesium battery characterized in that the means for relatively moving the positions of the plurality of electrode substrates is a mechanism capable of moving the positions in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction with respect to the facing surfaces . The magnesium battery according to claim 3,
A magnesium battery, wherein the mechanism for movement is a link mechanism, a vertical movement mechanism, a vertical fan mechanism, a rolling mechanism, a horizontal movement link mechanism, or a fan mechanism.