WO2012095683A1 - Procédé et appareil pour mettre en œuvre un mode de commutation duplex dynamique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour mettre en œuvre un mode de commutation duplex dynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012095683A1
WO2012095683A1 PCT/IB2011/000061 IB2011000061W WO2012095683A1 WO 2012095683 A1 WO2012095683 A1 WO 2012095683A1 IB 2011000061 W IB2011000061 W IB 2011000061W WO 2012095683 A1 WO2012095683 A1 WO 2012095683A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
duplex
power ratio
computer program
message
command
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2011/000061
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012095683A8 (fr
Inventor
Aarno Tapio PARSSINEN
Original Assignee
Nokia Corporation
Nokia, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Corporation, Nokia, Inc. filed Critical Nokia Corporation
Priority to PCT/IB2011/000061 priority Critical patent/WO2012095683A1/fr
Publication of WO2012095683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012095683A1/fr
Publication of WO2012095683A8 publication Critical patent/WO2012095683A8/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/50—Circuits using different frequencies for the two directions of communication
    • H04B1/52—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa
    • H04B1/525—Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to communication technology, and, more particularly, relate to a method, apparatus, and computer program product for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode.
  • a key factor in providing high speed and high quality networking services in a mobile device involves reducing interference at the receiver from signals other than the signal of interest.
  • full duplex communications which allow a networking device to both transmit and receive data simultaneously, the power output of the transmitter is often one of the largest contributors to interference at the receiver.
  • most devices operating in full duplex include bulky, costly, and high power-consuming duplexer filters that block the transmitter interference from the receiver.
  • Changing the operation of a device from full duplex to half duplex, during which a device may only either transmit or receive at a given time would eliminate the need for the duplexer filters, and potentially other types of filters, because the transmitter could never operate simultaneously with the receiver. Accordingly, the mutually exclusive operation of the transmitter and receiver would prevent the transmitter from interfering with the receiver.
  • Example methods, example apparatuses, and example computer program products are described herein that provide for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode.
  • One example method may include providing for transmission of a status message comprising an indication of communication information.
  • the example method may further include receiving a duplex message comprising a command to switch to an indicated duplex operation.
  • the command may be based at least in part on a comparison of a power ratio and a power ratio threshold, where the indicated duplex operation is half duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is greater than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is full duplex, and where the indicated duplex operation is full duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is less than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is half duplex.
  • a computer program may be provided for executing the various operations of the example method.
  • An additional example embodiment is an apparatus configured to provide for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode.
  • the example apparatus may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, direct the apparatus to perform various functionality.
  • the example apparatus may be directed to provide for transmission of a status message comprising an indication of communication information.
  • the example apparatus may also be directed to receive a duplex message comprising a command to switch to an indicated duplex operation.
  • the command may be based at least in part on a comparison of a power ratio and a power ratio threshold, where the indicated duplex operation is half duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is greater than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is full duplex, and where the indicated duplex operation is full duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is less than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is half duplex.
  • Another example embodiment is a computer program product comprising a non-transitory memory or other non-transitory computer readable medium having computer program code stored thereon, wherein the computer program code is configured to direct an apparatus to perform various functionalities.
  • the program code may be configured to provide for transmission of a status message comprising an indication of communication information.
  • the example computer program code may also be configured to receive a duplex message comprising a command to switch to an indicated duplex operation.
  • the command may be based at least in part on a comparison of a power ratio and a power ratio threshold, where the indicated duplex operation is half duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is greater than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is full duplex, and where the indicated duplex operation is full duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is less than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is half duplex.
  • Another example apparatus comprises means for providing for transmission of a status message comprising an indication of communication information.
  • the example apparatus may further comprise means for receiving a duplex message comprising a command to switch to an indicated duplex operation.
  • the command may be based at least in part on a comparison of a power ratio and a power ratio threshold, where the indicated duplex operation is half duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is greater than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is full duplex, and where the indicated duplex operation is full duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is less than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is half duplex.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus and associated system for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode according to some example embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a mobile terminal according to some example embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a signaling diagram according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 4A-4C illustrate an example circuit diagram for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode according to some example embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an example method for implementing a
  • embodiments of the present invention to refer to data capable of being transmitted, received, operated on, and/or stored.
  • circuitry refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry); (b) to combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) to a combination of processor(s) or (ii) to portions of processor(s)/software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions); and (c) to circuits, such as a
  • circuitry would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other network device.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a terminal apparatus 102 for providing for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode according to an example embodiment of the present invention. It will be appreciated that the scope of the invention
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a configuration of a terminal apparatus 102 for providing for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode
  • numerous other configurations may also be used to implement embodiments of the present invention.
  • the terminal apparatus 102 may be embodied as a desktop computer, laptop computer, mobile terminal, mobile computer, mobile phone, mobile communication device, game device, digital camera/camcorder, audio/video player, television device, radio receiver, digital video recorder, digital book reader, positioning device (e.g., global positioning system (GPS) device), server, network node, multiple computing devices in communication with each other, any combination thereof, and/or the like.
  • positioning device e.g., global positioning system (GPS) device
  • server network node
  • the terminal apparatus 102 may be embodied as, or included as a component of, a
  • terminal apparatus 102 may also include computing capabilities.
  • the terminal apparatus 102 may be part of a communications device, for example a stationary or a mobile communications terminal, such as that illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a mobile terminal 10 representative of one embodiment of a terminal apparatus 102 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the mobile terminal 10 illustrated and hereinafter described is merely illustrative of one type of terminal apparatus 102 that may implement and/or benefit from embodiments of the present invention and, therefore, should not be taken to limit the scope of the present invention.
  • While several embodiments of the electronic device are illustrated and will be hereinafter described for purposes of example, other types of electronic devices, such as mobile telephones, mobile computers, portable digital assistants (PDAs), pagers, laptop computers, desktop computers, gaming devices, televisions, and any other type of electronic system, may employ embodiments of the present invention.
  • PDAs portable digital assistants
  • the mobile terminal 10 may include an antenna 12 (or multiple antennas 12) in communication with a transmitter 14 and a receiver 16.
  • the mobile terminal 10 may include duplex switching circuitry 18, which is described in further detail below with respect to Figure 1, in
  • the mobile terminal may also include a processor 20 that provides signals to and receives signals from the transmitter and receiver, respectively. These signals may include signaling information in accordance with an air interface standard of an applicable cellular system, and/or any number of different wireline or wireless networking techniques, comprising but not limited to
  • Wireless-Fidelity Wi-Fi
  • Wi-Fi wireless local access network
  • WLAN wireless local access network
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 , 802.16, and/or the like.
  • these signals may include speech data, user generated data, user requested data, and/or the like.
  • the mobile terminal may be capable of operating with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, access types, and/or the like. More particularly, the mobile terminal may be capable of operating in accordance with various first generation (1G), second generation (2G), 2.5G, third-generation (3G)
  • the mobile terminal may be capable of operating in accordance with 2G wireless communication protocols IS-136 (Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), IS-95 (Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)), and/or the like.
  • 2G wireless communication protocols IS-136 (Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • the mobile terminal may be capable of operating in accordance with 2.5G wireless communication protocols General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and/or the like.
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • EDGE Enhanced Data GSM Environment
  • the mobile terminal may be capable of operating in accordance with 3G wireless communication protocols such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and/or the like.
  • the mobile terminal may be additionally capable of operating in accordance with 3.9G wireless communication protocols such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and/or the like.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • the mobile terminal may be capable of operating in accordance with fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication protocols such as LTE Advanced and/or the like as well as similar wireless communication protocols that may be developed in the future.
  • 4G fourth-generation
  • NAMPS Narrow-band Advanced Mobile Phone System
  • TACS Total Access Communication System
  • mobile terminals may also benefit from embodiments of this invention, as should dual or higher mode phones (e.g., digital/analog or TDMA/CDMA/analog phones).
  • the mobile terminal 10 may be capable of operating according to Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) protocols.
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • the processor 20 may comprise circuitry for implementing audio/video and logic functions of the mobile terminal 10.
  • the processor 20 may be embodied as various means including circuitry, one or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digital signal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or more computers, various other processing elements including integrated circuits, such as, for example, an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) or FPGA (field programmable gate array), or some combination thereof.
  • the processor may additionally comprise an internal voice coder (VC) 20a, an internal data modem (DM) 20b, and/or the like.
  • the processor may comprise functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in memory.
  • the processor 20 may be capable of operating a connectivity program, such as a web browser.
  • the connectivity program may allow the mobile terminal 10 to transmit and receive web content, such as location- based content, according to a protocol, such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), and/or the like.
  • WAP Wireless Application Protocol
  • HTTP hypertext transfer protocol
  • the mobile terminal 10 may be capable of using a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) to transmit and receive web content across the internet or other networks.
  • TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
  • the mobile terminal 10 may also comprise a user interface including, for example, an earphone or speaker 24, a ringer 22, a microphone 26, a display 28, a user input interface, and/or the like, which may be operationally coupled to the processor 20.
  • the processor 20 may comprise user interface circuitry configured to control at least some functions of one or more elements of the user interface, such as, for example, the speaker 24, the ringer 22, the microphone 26, the display 28, and/or the like.
  • the processor 20 and/or user interface circuitry comprising the processor 20 may be configured to control one or more functions of one or more elements of the user interface through computer program instructions (e.g., software and/or firmware) stored on a memory accessible to the processor 20 (e.g., volatile memory 40, non-volatile memory 42, and/or the like).
  • the mobile terminal may comprise a battery for powering various circuits related to the mobile terminal, for example, a circuit to provide mechanical vibration as a detectable output.
  • the user input interface may comprise devices allowing the mobile terminal to receive data, such as a keypad 30, a touch display, a joystick, and/or other input device. In embodiments including a keypad, the keypad may comprise numeric (0-9) and related keys (#, *), and/or other keys for operating the mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal 10 may also include one or more means for sharing and/or obtaining data.
  • the mobile terminal may comprise a short-range radio frequency (RF) transceiver and/or interrogator 64 so data may be shared with and/or obtained from electronic devices in accordance with RF techniques.
  • the mobile terminal may comprise other short-range transceivers, such as, for example, an infrared (IR) transceiver 66, a BluetoothTM (BT) transceiver 68 operating using BluetoothTM brand wireless technology developed by the BluetoothTM Special Interest Group, a wireless universal serial bus (USB) transceiver 70 and/or the like.
  • IR infrared
  • BT BluetoothTM
  • USB wireless universal serial bus
  • the BluetoothTM transceiver 68 may be capable of operating according to ultra-low power BluetoothTM technology (e.g., WibreeTM) radio standards.
  • the mobile terminal 10 and, in particular, the short-range transceiver may be capable of transmitting data to and/or receiving data from electronic devices within a proximity of the mobile terminal, such as within 10 meters, for example.
  • the mobile terminal may be capable of transmitting and/or receiving data from electronic devices according to various wireless networking techniques, including Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), WLAN techniques such as IEEE 802.1 1 techniques, IEEE 802.16 techniques, and/or the like.
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • WLAN techniques such as IEEE 802.1 1 techniques, IEEE 802.16 techniques, and/or the like.
  • the mobile terminal 10 may comprise tangible and/or non-transitory memory, such as a subscriber identity module (SIM) 38, a removable user identity module (R-UIM), and/or the like, which may store information elements related to a mobile subscriber.
  • SIM subscriber identity module
  • R-UIM removable user identity module
  • the mobile terminal 10 may comprise other removable and/or fixed memory.
  • the mobile terminal 10 may include volatile memory 40 and/or non-volatile memory 42.
  • volatile memory 40 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) including dynamic and/or static RAM, on-chip or off-chip cache memory, and/or the like.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • Nonvolatile memory 42 which may be embedded and/or removable, may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disk drives, magnetic tape, etc.), optical disc drives and/or media, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), and/or the like. Like volatile memory 40 non-volatile memory 42 may include a cache area for temporary storage of data.
  • the memories may store one or more software programs, instructions, pieces of information, data, and/or the like which may be used by the mobile terminal for performing functions of the mobile terminal.
  • the memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying the mobile terminal 10.
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identification
  • the terminal apparatus 102 includes various means, such as a processor 120, memory 122, communication interface 124, user interface 126, I/O interface 130, and duplex switching circuitry 128 for performing the various functions herein described.
  • a processor 120 processor 120
  • memory 122 memory 122
  • communication interface 124 user interface 126
  • I/O interface 130 I/O interface 130
  • duplex switching circuitry 128 for performing the various functions herein described.
  • These means of the terminal apparatus 102 as described herein may be embodied as, for example, circuitry, hardware elements (e.g., a suitably programmed processor,
  • a computer program product comprising computer-readable program instructions (e.g., software or firmware) stored on a computer-readable medium (e.g. memory 122) that is executable by a suitably configured processing device (e.g., the processor 120), or some combination thereof.
  • computer-readable program instructions e.g., software or firmware
  • a suitably configured processing device e.g., the processor 120
  • the processor 120 may, for example, be embodied as various means including one or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digital signal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or more computers, various other processing elements including integrated circuits such as, for example, an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) or FPGA (field programmable gate array), or some combination thereof. Accordingly, although illustrated in FIG. 1 as a single processor, in some embodiments the processor 120 comprises a plurality of processors. The plurality of processors may be embodied on a single computing device or may be distributed across a plurality of computing devices collectively configured to function as the terminal apparatus 102.
  • the plurality of processors may be in operative communication with each other and may be collectively configured to perform one or more functionalities of the terminal apparatus 102 as described herein.
  • the processor 120 may be embodied as or comprise the processor 20.
  • the processor 120 may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 122 or otherwise accessible to the processor 120. These instructions, when executed by the processor 120, may cause the terminal apparatus 102 to perform one or more of the functionalities of the terminal apparatus 102 as described herein.
  • the processor 120 may comprise an entity capable of performing operations according to embodiments of the present invention while configured accordingly.
  • the processor 120 when the processor 120 is embodied as an ASIC, FPGA or the like, the processor 120 may comprise specifically configured hardware for conducting one or more operations described herein.
  • the processor 120 when the processor 120 is embodied as an executor of instructions, such as may be stored in the memory 122, the instructions may specifically configure the processor 120 to perform one or more algorithms and operations described herein.
  • the processor 120 is a processor of a specific device (e.g., a communications server or mobile terminal) configured for employing example embodiments of the present invention by further configuration of the processor 120 via executed instructions for performing the algorithms, methods, and operations described herein.
  • the memory 122 may be one or more tangible and/or non-transitory computer-readable storage media that may include volatile and/or non-volatile memory.
  • the memory 122 comprises Random Access Memory (RAM) including dynamic and/or static RAM, on-chip or off-chip cache memory, and/or the like.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • memory 122 may include, for example, volatile and/or non-volatile memory.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 as a single memory, the memory 122 may comprise a plurality of memories. The plurality of memories may be embodied on a single computing device or distributed across a plurality of computing devices.
  • the memory 122 may comprise volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or some combination thereof.
  • the memory 122 may comprise, for example, a hard disk, random access memory, cache memory, flash memory, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc read only memory (DVD-ROM), an optical disc, circuitry configured to store information, or some combination thereof.
  • memory 122 may include non-volatile memory, which may be embedded and/or removable, and may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disk drives, magnetic tape, etc.), optical disc drives and/or media, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), various type of solid-state storage (e.g., flash memory), and/or the like.
  • Memory 122 may include a cache area for temporary storage of data. In this regard, some or all of memory 122 may be included within the processor 120. In some example embodiments, the memory 122 may be in communication with the processor 120 and/or other components via a shared bus.
  • the memory 122 may comprise the volatile memory 40 and/or the non-volatile memory 42.
  • the memory 122 may be configured to store information, data, applications, instructions, or the like for enabling the terminal apparatus 102 to carry out various functions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the memory 122 may be configured to buffer input data for processing by the processor 120. Additionally or alternatively, in at least some example
  • the memory 122 may be configured to store program instructions for execution by the processor 120.
  • the memory 122 may store information in the form of static and/or dynamic information. This stored information may be stored and/or used by the duplex switching circuitry 128 during the course of performing its functionalities.
  • the I/O interface 130 may be any device, circuitry, or means embodied in hardware, a computer program product, or a combination of hardware and a computer program product that is configured to interface the processor 120 with other circuitry or devices, such as the communication interface 124.
  • the I/O interface 130 may embody or be in communication with a bus that is shared by multiple components.
  • the processor 120 may interface with the memory 122 via the I/O interface 130.
  • the I/O interface 130 may be configured to convert signals and data into a form that may be interpreted by the processor 120.
  • the I/O interface 130 may also perform buffering of inputs and outputs to support the operation of the processor 120.
  • the processor 120 and the I/O interface 130 may be combined onto a single chip or integrated circuit configured to perform, or cause the terminal apparatus 102 to perform, various functionalities of the present invention.
  • the terminal apparatus 102 or some of the components of terminal apparatus 102 (e.g., the processor 120 and the memory
  • the terminal apparatus 102 may be embodied as a chip or chip set.
  • the terminal apparatus 102 may comprise one or more physical packages (e.g., chips) including materials, components and/or wires on a structural assembly (e.g., a baseboard).
  • the structural assembly may provide physical strength, conservation of size, and/or limitation of electrical interaction for component circuitry included thereon.
  • the terminal apparatus 102 may therefore, in some cases, be configured to implement embodiments of the present invention on a single chip or as a single "system on a chip.”
  • a chip or chipset may constitute means for performing the functionalities described herein and with respect to the processor 120.
  • the communication interface 124 may be any device or means embodied in hardware, a computer program product, or a combination of hardware and a computer program product that is configured to receive and/or transmit data from/to a network 132 and/or any other device or module in communication with the example terminal apparatus 102.
  • the communication interface 124 may be configured to communicate information via any type of wired or wireless connection, and via any type of communications protocol, such as a
  • the communication interface 124 may be configured to support the transmission and reception of communications in a variety of networks including, but not limited to Internet Protocol-based networks (e.g., the Internet), cellular networks, or the like. Further, the communication interface 124 may be configured to support device-to-device communications. Processor 120 may also be configured to facilitate communications via the communication interface 124 by, for example, controlling hardware included within the communication interface 124.
  • the communication interface 124 may include, for example, communications driver circuitry (e.g., circuitry that supports wired communications via, for example, fiber optic connections), one or more antennas, a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver and/or supporting hardware, including, for example, a processor for enabling
  • the example terminal apparatus 102 may communicate with various other network entities in a device-to- device fashion and/or via indirect communications via a base station, access point, server, gateway, router, or the like.
  • the communication interface 124 may additionally be in communication with the memory 122, user interface 126, and/or I/O interface 130, such as via a bus.
  • the communication interface 124 may further comprise the duplex switching circuitry 128.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be a separate means in communication with the communication interface 124, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the user interface 126 may be in communication with the processor 120 to receive user input via the user interface 126 and/or to present output to a user as, for example, audible, visual, mechanical, or other output indications.
  • the user interface 126 may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a display (e.g., a touch screen display), a microphone, a speaker, camera, accelerometer, or other input/output mechanisms.
  • the processor 120 may comprise, or be in communication with, user interface circuitry configured to control at least some functions of one or more elements of the user interface.
  • the processor 120 and/or user interface circuitry may be configured to control one or more functions of one or more elements of the user interface through computer program instructions (e.g., software and/or firmware) stored on a memory accessible to the processor 120 (e.g., volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and/or the like).
  • the user interface 126 may also be configured to support the implementation of haptic feedback.
  • the user interface 126, as controlled by processor 120 may include a vibra, a piezo, and/or an audio device configured for haptic feedback as described herein.
  • the user interface circuitry is configured to facilitate user control of at least some functions of the terminal apparatus 102 through the use of a display and configured to respond to user inputs.
  • the processor 120 may also comprise, or be in communication with, display circuitry configured to display at least a portion of a user interface, the display and the display circuitry configured to facilitate user control of at least some functions of the terminal apparatus 102.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be embodied as various means, such as circuitry, hardware, a computer program product comprising computer readable program instructions stored on a computer readable medium (e.g., the memory 122) and executed by a processing device (e.g., the processor 120), or some combination thereof and, in one embodiment, may be embodied as or otherwise controlled by the processor 120. In embodiments wherein the duplex switching circuitry 128 is embodied separately from the processor 120, the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be in communication with the processor 120. The duplex switching circuitry 128 may further be in communication with one or more of the memory 122, communication interface 124, user interface 126, or I/O interface 130, such as via a bus. The duplex switching circuitry 128 may be configured to provide for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode, such as to enable a terminal apparatus 102 to dynamically switch between full duplex and half duplex during operation.
  • a dynamically switching duplex mode such as to enable a terminal apparatus 102 to dynamic
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be configured to provide for transmission of a reporting message to a network entity identifying the ability to support a dynamically switching duplex mode.
  • the reporting message may be, for example, a control message or an information message. Alternatively, the reporting message may be included as a portion of another message.
  • the network entity may maintain a database of devices that support the dynamically switching duplex mode.
  • sending a reporting message may be optional. For example, the network entity may already be aware of the ability of a terminal apparatus 102 to support the dynamically switching duplex mode, such as when an entry for a particular terminal apparatus 102 is already stored in the network database.
  • the network entity may comprise any computing device, mobile or fixed, and may be embodied as a server, desktop computer, laptop computer, mobile terminal 10, and/or the like configured to provide network side services, such as address allocation.
  • the network entity may also be embodied as a combination of a plurality of computing devices configured to provide network side services, such as address allocation.
  • the network entity may be embodied, for example, as a server cluster and/or may be embodied as a distributed computing system, which may be distributed across a plurality of computing devices, such as, for example, mobile terminals.
  • the network entity may be embodied as an access point, a base station, such as a Node B or eNode B, or the like.
  • the network entity may be embodied as a gateway of a service provider.
  • the network entity 104 may be embodied as a 3 GPP PDN Gateway, a GGSN, a WiMAX CSN Gateway, or the like.
  • the network entity may be located a single hop from the terminal apparatus 102.
  • the network entity includes various means, such as a processor, memory, communication interface, user interface, I/O interface, and/or network-side duplex switching circuitry for performing the various functions herein described.
  • These means of the network entity as described herein may be embodied as, for example, circuitry, hardware elements (e.g., a suitably programmed processor, combinational logic circuit, and/or the like), a computer program product comprising computer-readable program instructions (e.g., software or firmware) stored on a computer-readable medium (e.g. memory) that is executable by a suitably configured processing device (e.g., a processor), or some combination thereof.
  • the dynamically switching duplex mode may comprise switching back and forth between full duplex and half duplex operation dynamically. Unlike a static duplex mode where a device may be configured to operate either according to full duplex or half duplex, the dynamically switching duplex mode may provide additional flexibility by allowing the same device to switch between full duplex and half duplex during operation based at least in part on various network conditions.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be further configured to provide for transmission of a status message to a network entity comprising various communication information related to the terminal apparatus 102.
  • the status message may be included as a portion of another message.
  • the communication information may comprise an indication of the received signal strength, or in particular a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).
  • the RSSI may indicate the power of a signal received by the receiver 16.
  • the communication information may further or alternatively comprise an indication of the transmission power of the terminal apparatus 102.
  • the transmission power may indicate the output power of the transmitter 14.
  • the communication information may further comprise additional information available to the duplex switching circuitry 128.
  • the additional information may comprise information identifying the different types of interference present, the modulation of the interference, leaked power from the transmitter, any information related to an interferer signal (e.g. an interferer signal at half or twice the duplex frequency separation), any information related to any type of interference as a whole or on a signal level or band level experienced by the terminal apparatus 102, or the like.
  • the additional information may be included in the status message described above or may be sent in a separate message from the duplex switching circuitry 128 to the network entity.
  • the network entity that receives the status message from the duplex switching circuitry 128 comprising communication information may already be aware of certain communication information. For example, in certain cellular networks, the RSSI and transmission power values may have previously been requested by the network entity for other purposes.
  • the network entity may command the terminal apparatus 102, processor 120, and/or duplex switching circuitry 128 to adjust the transmission output power to a specific value based on current network conditions. Accordingly, in these instances, the network entity may already be aware of the transmission output power of the terminal apparatus 102.
  • the received signal strength and transmission power values may be used to determine a power ratio. For example, the power ratio may equal the transmission power divided by the received signal strength.
  • the power ratio may be based on received signal strength and transmission power measurements in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (dBm), in which cases the power ratio may be determined by subtracting the absolute value of the received signal strength in dBm from the absolute value of the transmission power in dBm.
  • the power ratio may, therefore, provide an indication as to the magnitude of the transmission power in relation to the received signal strength.
  • the power ratio may be based on alternative or additional communication information.
  • the power ratio may be used to determine the significance of the interference caused by the transmission power at the receiver 16. To make the determination, in some embodiments, the power ratio may be compared to a power ratio threshold.
  • the power ratio threshold may identify the point where a terminal apparatus 102 should switch from full duplex to half duplex, or vice versa. Accordingly, a power ratio threshold may be selected such that the magnitude of transmit power interference compared to the current received signal strength is acceptable when the power ratio is less than the power ratio threshold, and vice versa.
  • separate power ratio thresholds may exist for determining when duplex operation should switch from full duplex to half duplex and determining when duplex operation should switch from half duplex to full duplex. In alternative embodiments, the same power ratio threshold may be used for both instances. In some example embodiments, a separate power ratio may be determined for each channel or frequency band.
  • a separate power ratio threshold may be selected for each channel or frequency band.
  • the power ratio threshold(s) may be set by the duplex switching circuitry 128, the network entity, and/or a third party.
  • the power ratio threshold(s) may be selected dynamically.
  • the power ratio if the transmit power is relatively large in comparison to the received signal strength, the power ratio will be relatively high indicating that the amount of interference may be unacceptable. In these instances, the power ratio may be greater than the power ratio threshold thus prompting a switch from full duplex to half duplex operation. Alternatively, if the transmit power is relatively small in comparison to the received signal strength, the power ratio will be relatively low indicating that the amount of interference may be acceptable. In these instances, the power ratio may be less than the power ratio threshold thus prompting a switch from half duplex to full duplex operation. In various example embodiments, the determination of the significance of the interference may be based on factors in addition to or other than comparing the power ratio to a power ratio threshold, such as additional communication information or other types of information.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may receive a duplex message comprising a command to switch to a particular duplex operation.
  • the command may be based at least in part on a comparison of the power ratio and a power ratio threshold.
  • a duplex message may not be received if the current duplex operation is the desired duplex operation.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may switch the duplex mode to the mode commanded in the duplex message.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may further configure the terminal apparatus 102 for operation according to the commanded duplex operation.
  • a network entity may provide for transmission of the duplex message to the duplex switching circuitry 128.
  • the network entity may send the duplex message after determining the power ratio, comparing the power ratio to the power ratio threshold, and/or determining whether to switch the duplex operation.
  • the network entity may be aware of the transmission power used in determining the power ratio by receiving the transmission power from the device switching circuitry 128 or commanding the terminal apparatus 102 to operate at a given transmission power. After sending the duplex message, the network entity may allocate network traffic according to the duplex operation commanded in the duplex message.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128, the processor 120, or another component of the terminal apparatus 102 may perform at least one of determining the power ratio, comparing the power ratio to the power ratio threshold, and determining whether to switch the duplex operation, instead of the network entity. Additionally, the duplex switching circuitry 128 may, in certain embodiments, provide for transmission of a message to a network entity reporting that the current duplex operation should be switched. The duplex switching circuitry 128 may send this message in addition to or in place of the reporting message and/or status messages.
  • Figure 3 provides a signaling diagram according to an example
  • a terminal apparatus may report its ability to support a duplex switching mode to a network entity.
  • the network entity may update a database to indicate the capability of the terminal apparatus to support the duplex switching mode.
  • the network entity may provide the power ratio threshold to the terminal apparatus.
  • the terminal apparatus may determine the power ratio based at least in part on communication information. The terminal apparatus may then compare the power ratio to the power ratio threshold provided by the network entity.
  • the terminal apparatus may determine the appropriate duplex operation based at least in part on the comparison.
  • the terminal apparatus may then inform the network apparatus of the determined duplex operation.
  • the network entity may acknowledge receipt of the determined duplex operation.
  • the terminal apparatus may then configure itself to operate in the determined duplex operation. Additionally, the network entity may allocate network traffic according to the determined duplex operation.
  • FIGs. 4A, 4B, and 4C illustrate an example embodiment of the present invention that supports a dynamically switching duplex mode. It will be understood that each element of the figures may be implemented by various means, and is not limited to the elements implemented in the example embodiment shown. According to some example embodiments, more or less, or even different, elements may be used to implement the example embodiment. Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific example embodiment disclosed in Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 4A an example embodiment of a circuit for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode is shown, which comprises an antenna 400, a receiver 460, a transmitter 462, amplifiers 440, 442, and switches 420, 422.
  • both switches 420, 422 are in a closed position, thereby describing the state in which full duplex operation occurs.
  • FIGs. 4B and 4C illustrate half duplex operation states.
  • FIG. 4B shows switch 420 in a closed position and switch 422 in an open position.
  • FIG. 4B demonstrates signal reception during half duplex operation.
  • FIG. 4C conversely, shows switch 420 in an open position and switch 422 in a closed position.
  • FIG. 4C demonstrates signal transmission during half duplex operation.
  • both switches 420, 422 may remain closed.
  • either switch 420 or switch 422 may be closed at any given time, but at no time may switches 420, 422 both be open or closed.
  • the operation of switches 420, 422 may be based on an exclusive or (XOR) operation in which only one switch may be closed at a given time.
  • FIGs. 1 and 2 depict example apparatuses that may be configured to perform various
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 of example terminal apparatus 102 may be any means or device embodied, partially or wholly, in hardware, a computer program product, or a combination of hardware and a computer program product, such as processor 120 implementing stored instructions to configure the example terminal apparatus 102, memory 122 storing executable program code instructions configured to carry out the functions described herein, or a hardware configured processor 120 that is configured to carry out the functions of the duplex switching circuitry 128 as described herein.
  • the processor 120 comprises, or controls, the duplex switching circuitry 128.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be, partially or wholly, embodied as processors similar to, but separate from processor 120. In this regard, the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be in communication with the processor 120.
  • processor 120 implementing stored instructions to configure the example terminal apparatus 102
  • memory 122 storing executable program code instructions configured to carry out the functions described herein
  • a hardware configured processor 120 that is configured to carry out the functions of the duplex switching circuitry 128 as described
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may, partially or wholly, reside on differing apparatuses such that some or all of the functionality of the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be performed by a first apparatus, and the remainder of the functionality of the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be performed by one or more other apparatuses.
  • the terminal apparatus 102 and the processor 120 may be configured to perform the following functionality via duplex switching circuitry 128.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be configured to enable a terminal apparatus 102 to dynamically switch between full duplex and half duplex during operation. Further, performance of the functionality of the duplex switching circuitry 128 also describes various example method embodiments.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be configured to cause or direct means, such as the processor 120 and/or the terminal apparatus 102 to perform various functionalities, such as those described with respect to FIGs. 3, 4A-4C, and 5, and as generally described herein.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be configured to optionally provide for transmission of a reporting message comprising an indication of the capability to support a dynamically switching duplex mode comprising both full duplex and half duplex operation.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be further configured to provide for transmission of a status message comprising an indication of communication information at 500.
  • the communication information may comprise an indication of a received signal strength.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be configured to receive a duplex message comprising a command to switch to an indicated duplex operation. The command may be based at least in part on a comparison of a power ratio and a power ratio threshold.
  • the indicated duplex operation may be half duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is greater than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is full duplex, and the indicated duplex operation may be full duplex in the instance in which the power ratio is less than the power ratio threshold and the current operation is half duplex.
  • the power ratio may be determined by calculating a ratio of a transmit signal strength to the received signal strength.
  • the duplex switching circuitry 128 may be further configured to switch to a duplex operation corresponding to the indicated duplex operation in the command.
  • a network entity may determine the power ratio and compare the power ratio to the power ratio threshold.
  • the network entity may allocate network traffic according to the indicated duplex operation in the command.
  • a separate status message may be provided for each of a plurality of channels or frequency bands. Further, in some example embodiments, a separate duplex message may be received for each of the plurality of channels or frequency bands. Additionally, a separate power ratio and a separate power ratio threshold may correspond to each of the plurality of channels or frequency bands. In this regard, each separate duplex message may comprise a separate command based at least in part on a comparison of the corresponding power ratio and the corresponding power ratio threshold for the respective channel or frequency band.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a system, method, and computer program product according to example embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart, may be implemented by various means, such as hardware and/or a computer program product comprising one or more computer-readable mediums (as opposed to a computer-readable transmission medium which describes a propagating signal) having one or more computer program code instructions, program instructions, or executable computer-readable program code instructions stored therein. For example, one or more of the procedures described herein may be embodied by computer program instructions of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product(s) that embodies the procedures described herein may be stored by one or more memory devices (e.g., memory 122, volatile memory 40, or non-volatile memory 42) of a mobile terminal, server, or other computing device (e.g., the terminal apparatus 102) and executed by a processor (e.g., the processor 120 or processor 20) in the computing device.
  • the computer program instructions comprising the computer program product(s) that embodies the procedures described above may be stored by memory devices of a plurality of computing devices.
  • any such computer program product may be loaded onto a computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computer program product including the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus creates means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s).
  • the computer program product may comprise one or more computer-readable memories on which the computer program instructions may be stored such that the one or more computer-readable memories can direct a computer or other programmable apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the computer program product comprises an article of manufacture which implements the function specified in the flowchart block(s).
  • the computer program instructions of one or more computer program products may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable apparatus to cause a series of operations to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide operations for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s).
  • Retrieval, loading, and execution of the program code instructions may be performed sequentially such that one instruction is retrieved, loaded, and executed at a time.
  • retrieval, loading and/or execution may be performed in parallel such that multiple instructions are retrieved, loaded, and/or executed together.
  • execution of instructions associated with the operations of the flowchart by a processor, or storage of instructions associated with the blocks or operations of the flowchart in a computer-readable storage medium support combinations of operations for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that one or more operations of the flowchart, and combinations of blocks or operations in the flowchart, may be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems and/or processors which perform the specified functions, or combinations of special purpose hardware and program code instructions.
  • a suitably configured processor may provide all or a portion of the elements of the invention.
  • all or a portion of the elements of the invention may be configured by and operate under control of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product for performing the methods of embodiments of the invention includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as the non-volatile storage medium, and computer-readable program code portions, such as a series of computer instructions, embodied in the computer-readable storage medium.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide several advantages to computing devices and computing device users.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide for implementing a dynamically switching duplex mode.
  • embodiments of the invention provide for dynamically operating in both full duplex and half duplex without the need for any duplexer filters.
  • Various embodiments of the invention provide for the reduction of other filters and components in addition to the removal of the duplexer filters as a result of the dynamically switching duplex mode. For example, some
  • embodiments may result in the reduction of the number of switches, tunable filters, and the like. As a result, the amount of expensive, parallel signal processing may be reduced in certain embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the invention advantageously allow for cheaper, smaller, mobile devices due to the removal and reduction of the above filters and components. That is, various embodiments of the inventions additionally result in the reduction of the complexity and cost of implementation of the hardware and software of mobile devices.
  • various embodiments allow for the implementation of more sophisticated network schemes in smaller mobile devices. For example, some small devices may gain the ability to implement sophisticated multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) schemes, such as 4x4, in a larger number of bands.
  • MIMO multiple-input and multiple-output
  • the space saved by the removal and reduction of the duplexer and other filters may allow for including improved or additional solutions to overcome issues related to multi -radio RF interference, that is, interference from other neighboring mobile devices or radios.
  • Embodiments of the invention may also provide for the ability to operate at a multiplicity of frequency bands using fully generic, highly programmable, software designed or mixed software and minimal hardware designed networking solutions. As a result, the number of platform variants that must be supported by a given standard or mobile device may be reduced due to the ability to support more generic solutions.
  • Various embodiments of the invention may further result in the ability to predefine classes supporting the dynamically switching duplex mode, which classes may be known by the network in advance. In these instances, the amount of signaling between the mobile device and network may be reduced.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un système polyvalent d'une grande inventivité, qui permet de délivrer un antigène ou une molécule biologiquement active, ou plus, à l'intérieur d'un sous-ensemble de cellules cible ou sur ledit sous-ensemble. De façon plus spécifique, l'invention se rapporte à une combinaison de composés et, plus particulièrement, à une composition qui comprend : (i) un polypeptide de fusion comprenant un polypeptide streptavidine (SA) ou avidine et une molécule effectrice ou plus, ledit polypeptide de fusion étant doté de la propriété des polypeptides SA et avidine à fixer la biotine ; (ii) une molécule de ciblage biotinylée ou plus, qui sont aptes à cibler un ou des sous-ensembles de cellules ou une ou des molécules de surface de cellule et, en particulier des cellules dendritiques (DC, Dendritic Cells), des sous-ensembles de DC ou une ou des molécules de surface (comprenant un ou des récepteurs de surface) de DC. La combinaison selon l'invention est apte à être utilisée pour le ciblage, in vivo, in vitro ou ex vivo, d'une molécule effectrice ou plus vers un ou des sous-ensembles de cellules ou une ou des molécules de surface de cellule et, en particulier, pour diagnostiquer ou immunomonitorer une affection chez un mammifère ou dans un traitement prophylactique et, plus précisément, dans une vaccination et dans un traitement comprenant l'immunothérapie. La combinaison selon l'invention est apte d'autre part à être utilisée in vivo ou ex vivo, dans le but d'induire une réponse immunitaire d'une cellule T dans la moelle osseuse de donneurs naïfs avant une transplantation, ou pour une activation ou une expansion de la réponse immunitaire d'une cellule T dans la moelle osseuse de donneurs déjà immunisés. La présente invention se rapporte d'autre part à un procédé adapté pour produire un polypeptide de fusion selon l'invention. Elle se rapporte également à un kit pour réaliser des tests diagnostiques sur une affection chez un mammifère, pour immunomonitorer une affection chez un mammifère ou pour prévenir ou traiter une affection chez un mammifère.
PCT/IB2011/000061 2011-01-14 2011-01-14 Procédé et appareil pour mettre en œuvre un mode de commutation duplex dynamique WO2012095683A1 (fr)

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GB2499259A (en) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Renesas Mobile Corp Scheduling a User Device for half-duplex or full-duplex operation based on the self-interference cancellation capability of the device
WO2015126708A1 (fr) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Appareil et procédés pour une communication duplex
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JP2017507599A (ja) * 2014-02-21 2017-03-16 クアルコム，インコーポレイテッド 全二重通信のための装置および方法
WO2016140607A1 (fr) * 2015-03-05 2016-09-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Établissement de rapport de puissance de duplex intégral
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JP2018512028A (ja) * 2015-04-15 2018-04-26 エスケーテレコム株式会社Ｓｋ Ｔｅｌｅｃｏｍ Ｃｏ．，Ｌｔｄ． 端末装置及び端末装置の動作方法
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WO2017024441A1 (fr) * 2015-08-07 2017-02-16 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de commande pour transmission bidirectionnelle simultanée, et équipement d'utilisateur et station de base
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WO2019071625A1 (fr) * 2017-10-14 2019-04-18 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Procédé de transmission de données, dispositif terminal et dispositif de réseau
US11368924B2 (en) 2017-10-14 2022-06-21 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd. Data transmission method, terminal device, and network device

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