WO2012091905A1 - Dérivation et conversion d'huiles naturelles avec des compositions chimiques pour l'hydrotraitement en carburants pour les transports - Google Patents

Dérivation et conversion d'huiles naturelles avec des compositions chimiques pour l'hydrotraitement en carburants pour les transports Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012091905A1
WO2012091905A1 PCT/US2011/064367 US2011064367W WO2012091905A1 WO 2012091905 A1 WO2012091905 A1 WO 2012091905A1 US 2011064367 W US2011064367 W US 2011064367W WO 2012091905 A1 WO2012091905 A1 WO 2012091905A1
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Prior art keywords
feedstock
biofuel
hydroprocessing
glycerides
isomerization
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PCT/US2011/064367
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacob Borden
John W. Shabaker
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Bp Corporation North America Inc.
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Application filed by Bp Corporation North America Inc. filed Critical Bp Corporation North America Inc.
Priority to JP2013547509A priority Critical patent/JP2014507511A/ja
Priority to BR112013015512A priority patent/BR112013015512A2/pt
Priority to EP11806049.0A priority patent/EP2658953A1/fr
Priority to KR1020137019753A priority patent/KR20130133819A/ko
Priority to US13/977,251 priority patent/US20140290127A1/en
Priority to CA2822348A priority patent/CA2822348A1/fr
Priority to AU2011352922A priority patent/AU2011352922A1/en
Priority to EA201300666A priority patent/EA201300666A1/ru
Priority to CN201180063392.0A priority patent/CN103298917B/zh
Priority to MX2013007451A priority patent/MX2013007451A/es
Publication of WO2012091905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012091905A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/304—Pour point, cloud point, cold flow properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/307—Cetane number, cetane index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to methods, apparatus, and/or feedstock suitable for use in biofuels production, as well as biofuel compositions resulting from the biofuels production.
  • Natural oils derived from oil-accumulating organisms have been employed as foodstuffs, in health and nutrition, as lubricants, and also as fuels. Natural oils have many sources, such as from oil-producing seed crops (for example, soya, rapeseed, jatropha), byproducts of animal processing (for example, lard and tallow), photosynthetic microorganisms (for example, algae, microalgae, cyanobacteria), and heterotrophic microorganisms (for example, yeast, fungi, molds).
  • the wide range of sources naturally imparts a wide variety of product compositions and characteristics including, for example, fatty acid saturation level, chain length, and impurities. These multiple sources of natural oils can be further expanded through the application of genetic engineering for the refinement of product characteristics.
  • rapeseed oil In fuel applications, an important derivative of natural oils is from transesterification of glycerides. As a result of their prevalence as foodstuffs, natural oil-seeds and their compositions have become industry standard. For instance, the compositional profile of rapeseed oil is seen as the accepted standard for bio-derived FAME (fatty acid methyl ester). The fatty acid profile of rapeseed oil is one that is enriched in 18-carbon fatty acids, and especially unsaturated acids. The table below shows the breakdown of fatty acid as x:y, wherein x is the number of carbons and y is the number of unsaturated bonds in the carbon chain.
  • bio-diesel fuels made from oils of these compositions have certain drawbacks as diesel fuels.
  • the pour point of rapeseed bio-diesel is relatively high (-7 to -4°C), and the unsaturated bonds are subject to oxidative degradation, limiting shelf-life.
  • the density of rapeseed bio-diesel is relatively high and the cetane is consistent with finished petroleum diesel, limiting the ability to extend diesel supply by blending of lower quality, heavy materials (for example, aromatics).
  • Rapeseed oils could also be hydrotreated, whereby the glycerides are converted to paraffins, such as by:
  • the invention is directed to methods, apparatus, and/or feedstock suitable for use in biofuels production, as well as biofuel compositions resulting from the biofuels production.
  • the resulting biofuels have improved cold flow properties. Additionally, the methods of the invention are efficient, without requiring further processing such as isomerization.
  • the invention is directed to a feedstock suitable for biofuels production.
  • the feedstock comprises glycerides derived from an oleaginous (oil-accumulating) microorganism having at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C16 or lower, and an iodine value of about 100 grams of iodine consumed per 100 gram sample of feedstock, or less.
  • the biofuel resulting from the methods, apparatus, and/or feedstock described herein has a cold-flow pour point of about 20° C or lower.
  • the resulting biofuel has a density below about 940 kg/m 3 at 15° C. According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel has a cetane value of at least about 50.
  • the resulting biofuel has an isomerization ratio of less than 2.
  • the resulting biofuel includes a fuel made by a hydrotreating process.
  • the resulting biofuel includes diesel, jet fuel, and/or a blend of any combination of diesel, jet fuel, other biofuels or petroleum.
  • the resulting biofuel may be either a fuel or a fuel additive.
  • the oleaginous microorganism from which the glycerides are derived includes algae, fungi, bacteria, and/or cyanobacteria. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the oleaginous microorganism includes Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, or combinations thereof.
  • the glycerides include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C14 or lower. In certain embodiments, the glycerides include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C12 or lower.
  • the glycerides do not undergo isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization, or at least a significant amount of the glycerides do not undergo any type of isomerization.
  • the invention is directed to a method of producing a biofuel.
  • the method includes hydroprocessing glycerides derived from an oleaginous microorganism and composed of at least 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C16 or lower.
  • the method produces a biofuel having a cold-flow pour point of about 20° C or lower.
  • the method is carried out without the glycerides undergoing isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization, or at least without a significant amount of the glycerides undergoing any type of isomerization.
  • the method further includes blending a quantity of the biofuel with a fossil-derived fuel.
  • the invention is directed to a biorefinery for producing a feedstock suitable for biofuels production.
  • the biorefinery includes a hydroprocessing unit for hydroprocessing glycerides derived from an oleaginous microorganism and composed of at least 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C16 or lower.
  • the biorefinery does not include any units designed for carrying out isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization.
  • the FIGURE schematically shows an apparatus within a biorefinery, according to some embodiments.
  • the invention is directed to methods, apparatus, and/or feedstock suitable for use in biofuels production, as well as biofuel compositions resulting from the biofuels production.
  • natural oil compositions can be produced that allow for renewable production of diesel molecules having improved cold flow properties.
  • alternative glyceride compositions are used to provide an improved hydrotreating feedstock and final biofuel product. More particularly, through careful selection of the source organism and/or genetic engineering glyceride chain lengths and saturation levels as described herein can result in high-yield hydroprocessing and generation of a quality diesel fuel. Additionally, the methods of the invention are efficient, without requiring further processing such as isomerization.
  • the invention includes a renewably- derived feedstock suitable for biofuels production.
  • the feedstock may include glycerides derived from an oleaginous microorganism.
  • the oleaginous microorganism may include algae, fungi, bacteria, cyanobacteria, or combinations of any of these microorganisms.
  • the oleaginous microorganism may include Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, or a combination of any of these microorganisms.
  • the oleaginous microorganism is genetically modified. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the microorganism may include genetically modified Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • the glycerides may include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C16 or lower. In some embodiments, the glycerides may include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C14 or lower. In some embodiments, the glycerides may include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C12 or lower. In contrast to glycerides having long chain lengths, such as C18, the shorter chain lengths of the glycerides herein can be hydrotreated without requiring further processing, such as isomerization or hydroisomerization, in order to improve the cold flow properties of a resulting biofuel product.
  • the amount of fatty acid chains of a specific length or lower may be between about 10 percent and about 95 percent, between about 20 percent and about 80 percent, at least about 20 percent, at least about 30 percent, at least about 40 percent, and/or the like.
  • the feedstock may have a density below about 940 kg/m 3 at 15° C. In some embodiments, the feedstock may have a density between about 830 kg/m 3 and about 930 kg/m 3 , or between about 840 kg/m 3 and about 920 kg/m 3 at 15° C. Since fuel is sold by volume, not density, the relatively low density of the feedstock increases the efficiency of producing the resulting biofuel.
  • Iodine values are indicative of the overall degree of unsaturation of a fatty acid. Unsaturated bonds are subject to oxidative degradation, which limits shelf-life of a resulting product. According to some embodiments, the feedstock has an iodine value of about 100 or less, or between about 0 and about 50, or between about 0 and about 25 grams of iodine consumed per 100 gram sample.
  • the table below provides iodine value estimates for the same organisms listed in the preceding tables. The iodine value estimates are based on mono, di, and tri unsaturated contents and correlations with known compositions' iodine values.
  • Thalassiosira Pseudon. 3H 49 A higher saturation level, such as in the predominantly saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids shown in the table above, minimizes the fouling potential as well as the amount of hydrogen consumed and heat released by catalytic reduction to paraffins.
  • the table below illustrates the reaction yields and heat effects for model lipids undergoing typical 50% hydrogenation and 50% decarboxylation reaction pathways (with 100% conversion and 50% subsequent methanation of C0 2 ).
  • MASS BALANCE (wt% on vegetable oil)
  • GAS YIELDS Nm tri-acyl glyceride
  • Heat of Reaction -746 -990 -1 166 -2012 -1015 -131 1 kJ/kg TAG A relatively higher level of shorter-chain fatty acids (e.g., ⁇ C12, C14, C16) increases product quality (e.g., cold flow properties) and reduces heat evolution at the expense of a small amount of additional H 2 consumption.
  • the resulting biofuel may have a pour point of about 20° C or lower, or about 15° C or lower, or about 10° C or lower. According to some embodiments, the resulting biofuel may have a cetane value of at least about 50, or at least about 60, or at least about 70. According to some embodiments, an isomerization ratio of the resulting biofuel may be less than about 2, or between about 1 and about 2, or between about 0 and about 1 . Renewable diesel has an iso/normal ratio of approximately 0 before hydroisomerization. For reference, an iso/normal ratio near 2 can lower a cloud point from roughly 20° C to about 0° C.
  • the resulting biofuel may include diesel, jet fuel, or blends with other biofuels and/or petroleum.
  • the resulting biofuel is blended with a quantity of a fossil-derived fuel. In some embodiments, the resulting blend comprises less than 5% biofuel. In some embodiments, the resulting blend comprises between 5% and 10% of biofuel. In some embodiments, the resulting blend comprises between 10% and 20% of biofuel. According to other embodiments, the resulting blend comprises greater than 20% biofuel.
  • the invention includes a method of producing a biofuel.
  • the method includes hydroprocessing glycerides derived from an oleaginous microorganism.
  • the oleaginous microorganism may include Saccharomyces unisporus, Saccharomyces dairensis, Aspergillus nidulans, Sprilulina maxima, Entomorphtoria coronata, Entomorphtoria obscura, Cyclotella cryptica, Navicula muralis, Phaeodactylum triconutum, Thalassiosira pseudonana, genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae, genetically modified Escherichia coli, or a combination of any of these microorganisms.
  • the method can be carried out without the glycerides undergoing isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization, or at least without a significant amount of the glycerides undergoing any type of isomerization.
  • the term "significant amount" refers to about 5% or more of the glycerides being isomerized.
  • the glycerides include at least 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C16 or lower. In some embodiments, the glycerides may include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C14 or lower. In some embodiments, the glycerides may include at least about 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C12 or lower.
  • the method may further include producing a biofuel having a pour point of about 20° C or lower, or about 15° C or lower, or about 10° C or lower.
  • an isomerization ratio of the resulting biofuel may be less than about 2, or between about 1 and about 2, or between about 0 and about 1 .
  • the method may further include blending a quantity of the biofuel with a fossil-derived fuel.
  • the resulting biofuel may include diesel, jet fuel, or blends with other biofuels and/or petroleum.
  • a blending calculation can be used to determine the pour point of paraffin mixtures produced by hydrotreating a number of natural oils. This calculation is based on a non-linear diesel blending model that uses pure paraffin component data. Table 7: Paraffin Data
  • the Pour Index (PI) is calculated from the melting point (mp) (degrees Fahrenheit) as follows:
  • pour point is assumed equal to the melting point for pure paraffins. Also, it was assumed that E. Coronata and E. Obscura have 40% total ⁇ C12 as a reasonable distribution.
  • Blend Pour Index (BPI) is calculated for each feedstock as follows:
  • Blend Pour Point (degrees Fahrenheit) is calculated as follows:
  • the BPP (degrees Celsius) is calculated using the standard conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit:
  • the FIGURE schematically illustrates an apparatus 10 within a biorefinery, according to one embodiment.
  • the apparatus 10 includes a hydroprocessing unit 12 with a renewably-derived feedstock 14 and a biofuel product 16.
  • the hydroprocessing unit 12 is designed for hydroprocessing glycerides derived from an oleaginous microorganism.
  • the glycerides may be composed of at least 10% by weight of fatty acid chains of length C16 or lower. Due to the relatively short chain lengths in the glycerides, there is no need for the biorefinery to include any units for carrying out isomerization, or hydroisomerization, or catalytic isomerization, or a significant amount of isomerization.
  • Lipid refers to oils, fats, waxes, greases, cholesterol, glycerides, steroids, sterols, isoprenoids, phosphatides, cerebrosides, fatty acids, fatty acid related compounds, derived compounds, other oily substances, and/or the like.
  • Lipids can be made in living cells and can have a relatively high carbon content and a relatively high hydrogen content with a relatively lower oxygen content.
  • Lipids typically include a relatively high energy content, such as on a mass or volume basis.
  • Biological oils refer to lipid materials and/or substances derived at least in part from living organisms, such as animals, plants, fungi, yeasts, algae, microalgae, bacteria, and/or the like, including pyrolysis oils.
  • Biological oils comprise lipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, isoprenoids, sterols, and sterol esters. According to some embodiments biological oils can be suitable for use as and/or conversion into renewable materials and/or biofuels.
  • Renewable materials refer to substances and/or items that have been at least partially derived from a source and/or process capable of being replaced by natural ecological cycles and/or resources.
  • Renewable materials can include chemicals, chemical intermediates, solvents, monomers, oligomers, polymers, biofuels, biofuel intermediates, biogasoline, biogasoline blendstocks, biodiesel, green diesel, renewable diesel, biodiesel blend stocks, biodistillates, and/or the like.
  • the renewable material can be derived from a living organism, such as plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, and/or the like.
  • Biofuel refers to components and/or streams suitable for use as a fuel and/or a combustion source derived at least in part from renewable sources.
  • the biofuel can be sustainably produced and/or have reduced and/or no net carbon emissions to the atmosphere, such as when compared to fossil fuels.
  • renewable sources can exclude materials mined or drilled, such as from the underground.
  • renewable resources can include single cell organisms, multicell organisms, plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, cultivated crops, noncultivated crops, timber, and/or the like.
  • Biofuels can be suitable for use as transportation fuels, such as for use in land vehicles, marine vehicles, aviation vehicles, and/or the like.
  • Biofuels can be suitable for use in power generation, such as raising steam, exchanging energy with a suitable heat transfer media, generating syngas, generating hydrogen, making electricity, and or the like.
  • Biodiesel refers to components or streams suitable for direct use and/or blending into a diesel pool and/or a cetane supply derived from renewable sources.
  • Suitable biodiesel molecules can include fatty acid esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, lipids, fatty alcohols, alkanes, naphthas, distillate range materials, paraffinic materials, aromatic materials, aliphatic compounds (straight, branched, and/or cyclic), and/or the like.
  • Biodiesel can be used in compression ignition engines, such as automotive diesel internal combustion engines, truck heavy duty diesel engines, and/or the like.
  • the biodiesel can also be used in gas turbines, heaters, boilers, and/or the like.
  • the biodiesel and/or biodiesel blends meet or comply with industrially accepted fuel standards, such as B1 , B2 (Minnesota), B5, B7 (EU), B10, B20, B40, B60, B80, B99.9, B100, and/or the like.
  • Biodistillate refers to components or streams suitable for direct use and/or blending into aviation fuels (jet), lubricant base stocks, kerosene fuels, fuel oils, and/or the like.
  • Biodistillate can be derived from renewable sources, and have any suitable boiling point range, such as a boiling point range of about 100° C to about 700° C, about 150° C to about 350° C, and/or the like.
  • Feedstock refers to materials and/or substances used to supply, feed, provide for, and/or the like, such as to an organism, a machine, a process, a production plant, and/or the like.
  • Feedstocks can include raw materials used for conversion, synthesis, and/or the like.
  • the feedstock can include any material, compound, substance, and/or the like suitable for consumption by an organism, such as sugars, hexoses, pentoses, monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, polyols (sugar alcohols), organic acids, starches, carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicelluloses, biomass, and/or the like.
  • the feedstock can include sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, glycerol, mannose, arabinose, lactose, galactose, maltose, other five carbon sugars, other six carbon sugars, other twelve carbon sugars, plant extracts containing sugars, other crude sugars, and/or the like.
  • Feedstock can refer to one or more of the organic compounds listed above when present in the feedstock.
  • the method and/or process can include addition of other materials and/or substances to aid and/or assist the organism, such as nutrients, vitamins, minerals, metals, water, and/or the like.
  • other additives are also within the scope of this invention, such as antifoam, fiocculants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, viscosity increasers, viscosity decreasers, surfactants, salts, other fluid modifying materials, and/or the like.
  • Organic refers to carbon containing compounds, such as carbohydrates, sugars, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, other carbon containing substances, and/or the like.
  • the feedstock can be fed into the fermentation using one or more feeds.
  • feedstock can be present in media charged to a vessel prior to inoculation.
  • feedstock can be added through one or more feed streams in addition to the media charged to the vessel.
  • Fatty acids refer to saturated and/or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, such as in free form or in the form of glycerides in fats and fatty oils.
  • Glycerides can include acylglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, tri-acyl glycerides, lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, and/or the like.
  • Double bonds refer two pairs of electrons shared by two atoms in a molecule.
  • the biological oil can be further processed into the biofuel with any suitable method, such as esterification, transesterification, hydrogenation, cracking, and/or the like.
  • the biological oil can be suitable for direct use as a biofuel.
  • Esterification refers to making and/or forming an ester, such as by reacting an acid with an alcohol to form an ester.
  • Transesterification refers to changing one ester into one or more different esters, such as by reaction of an alcohol with a triglyceride to form fatty acid esters and glycerol, for example.
  • Hydrogenation and/or hydrotreating refer to reactions to add hydrogen to molecules, such as to saturate and/or reduce materials.
  • Transesterification can include use of any suitable alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and/or the like.
  • the resulting biofuel can meet and/or exceed international standards
  • EN 14214:2008 Automotive fuels, Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines) and/or ASTM D6751 -09 (Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels).
  • FAME Fatty acid methyl esters
  • ASTM D6751 -09 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels.
  • the method and/or process can include temperature control, such as by addition of heat, cooling, and/or the like.
  • Heat can be supplied by steam, saturated stream, super heated stream, hot water, glycol, heat transfer oil, heat transfer fluid, other process streams, and/or the like.
  • Cooling can be supplied by cooling water, refrigerant, brine, glycol, heat transfer fluid, coolant, other process streams, and/or the like.
  • Temperature control can use any suitable technique and/or configuration, such as indirect heat exchange, direct heat exchange, convection, conduction, radiation, and/or the like.
  • ranges are to be construed as including all points between upper values and lower values, such as to provide support for all possible ranges contained between the upper values and the lower values including ranges with no upper bound and/or lower bound.
  • Basis for operations, percentages, and procedures can be on any suitable basis, such as a mass basis, a volume basis, a mole basis, and/or the like. If a basis is not specified, a mass basis or other appropriate basis should be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés, un appareil, et/ou un stock d'alimentation appropriés pour l'utilisation dans la production de biocarburants, ainsi que des compositions de biocarburants. L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un biocarburant qui inclut l'hydrotraitement de glycérides dérivés d'un micro-organisme oléagineux et composés d'au moins 10% en poids de chaînes d'acide gras de longueur de C16 ou moins, et la production d'un biocarburant ayant un point d'écoulement à froid d'environ 20° Celsius ou moins.
PCT/US2011/064367 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Dérivation et conversion d'huiles naturelles avec des compositions chimiques pour l'hydrotraitement en carburants pour les transports WO2012091905A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013547509A JP2014507511A (ja) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 ハイドロプロセシングのための化学組成を有する天然油の輸送燃料への誘導および変換
BR112013015512A BR112013015512A2 (pt) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 estoque de alimentação adequado para produção de biocombustíveis, biocombustível resultante de hidroprocessamento do mesmo e respectivo método de produção e biorrefinaria
EP11806049.0A EP2658953A1 (fr) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Dérivation et conversion d'huiles naturelles avec des compositions chimiques pour l'hydrotraitement en carburants pour les transports
KR1020137019753A KR20130133819A (ko) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 수송 연료로의 수소화처리를 위한 화학적 조성물에 의한 천연 오일의 유도 및 전환
US13/977,251 US20140290127A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Derivation and conversion of natural oilswith chemical compositions for hydroprocessing to transport fuels
CA2822348A CA2822348A1 (fr) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Derivation et conversion d'huiles naturelles avec des compositions chimiques pour l'hydrotraitement en carburants pour les transports
AU2011352922A AU2011352922A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Derivation and conversion of natural oils with chemical compositions for hydroprocessing to transport fuels
EA201300666A EA201300666A1 (ru) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Сырье, способ и установки для получения биотоплива
CN201180063392.0A CN103298917B (zh) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 具有用于氢化加工成运输燃料的化学组成的天然油的衍生和转化
MX2013007451A MX2013007451A (es) 2010-12-30 2011-12-12 Derivacion y conversion de aceites naturales con composiciones quimicas para hidroprocesamiento a combustibles de transporte.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201061428291P 2010-12-30 2010-12-30
US61/428,291 2010-12-30

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EP (1) EP2658953A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014507511A (fr)
KR (1) KR20130133819A (fr)
CN (1) CN103298917B (fr)
AU (1) AU2011352922A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013015512A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2822348A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201300666A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2013007451A (fr)
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US8785709B2 (en) 2011-03-30 2014-07-22 University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. Catalytic isomerisation of linear olefinic hydrocarbons

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WO2010144684A2 (fr) * 2009-06-12 2010-12-16 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Procédé de préparation de carburants diesel à l'aide d'huiles végétales ou de dérivés d'acides gras

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BR112012022108B1 (pt) * 2010-03-02 2022-01-18 Massachusetts Institute Technology Célula de levedura oleaginosa, cultura, bem como métodos para converter uma fonte de carboidrato em ácido graxo ou triacilglicerol e para modificar uma célula de levedura
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US20100170144A1 (en) * 2008-04-09 2010-07-08 Solazyme, Inc. Hydroprocessing Microalgal Oils
US20100151535A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-17 Solazyme, Inc. Renewable Chemical Production from Novel Fatty Acid Feedstocks
US20100175308A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-15 Cole Kathryn Y Co-processing of diesel biofeed and kerosene range hydrocarbons
WO2010144684A2 (fr) * 2009-06-12 2010-12-16 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Procédé de préparation de carburants diesel à l'aide d'huiles végétales ou de dérivés d'acides gras

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US20140290127A1 (en) 2014-10-02
CA2822348A1 (fr) 2012-07-05
CN103298917B (zh) 2015-09-02
BR112013015512A2 (pt) 2016-09-13
AU2011352922A1 (en) 2013-07-04
EA201300666A1 (ru) 2013-12-30
KR20130133819A (ko) 2013-12-09
CN103298917A (zh) 2013-09-11
EP2658953A1 (fr) 2013-11-06
JP2014507511A (ja) 2014-03-27
MX2013007451A (es) 2013-07-22

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