WO2012089885A1 - Absorber for dissipating strain energy using viscoelastic material - Google Patents

Absorber for dissipating strain energy using viscoelastic material Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089885A1
WO2012089885A1 PCT/ES2011/070907 ES2011070907W WO2012089885A1 WO 2012089885 A1 WO2012089885 A1 WO 2012089885A1 ES 2011070907 W ES2011070907 W ES 2011070907W WO 2012089885 A1 WO2012089885 A1 WO 2012089885A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
rings
shock absorber
base
face
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PCT/ES2011/070907
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Enrique GUINALDO FERNÁNDEZ
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations, S.L.
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Application filed by Airbus Operations, S.L. filed Critical Airbus Operations, S.L.
Publication of WO2012089885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012089885A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/40—Sound or heat insulation, e.g. using insulation blankets

Definitions

  • the present invention aims to provide an acoustic damper in which it uses viscoelastic material as a key element in energy dissipation.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a damper that dissipates deformation energy in elements subjected to spectra of a wide range of frequencies in which noise is generated and the displacements are of the order of tenths of a millimeter.
  • Classic damping means such as insulating blankets do not work when it comes to dissipating deformation energy in elements that are subject to spectra of frequencies below 1000 Hz. When there are structural elements subject to these frequencies and the displacements are of the order of tenths of a millimeter, noise is generated.
  • US4759428 discloses a viscoelastic shock absorber that controls the vibration of a structural member that can be caused by an earthquake or wind but that produces only a small reaction force when the structural member moves slowly as a result of thermal deformation of the member itself or Another connected member. This property is achieved using a dilating liquid that exhibits relatively small resistance when the movement speed is small and produces progressively large resistance as the movement speed increases.
  • US2875861 describes a shock absorber that uses a fluid to dissipate deformation energy.
  • the viscosity forces that appear in a fluid that is placed in the shock absorber are used as a thin, stable and continuous layer, between two adjacent surfaces very close to each other, that are coaxial to an axis and that are each of them rigidly coupled to a system that is parallel to said axis.
  • the shock absorber is used to decrease the relative oscillation between the two systems.
  • the CN101736828 patent describes a column beam capable of damping deformation stresses to reinforce the sector of the structure in which it is used.
  • a combination of viscoelastic material is used with which to absorb deformations and steel with which to give strength to the structure.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the problems posed by the state-of-the-art dampers to absorb deformation energy from elements that are subject to spectra of any frequency range.
  • the damper of the invention provides a more efficient result for high energy levels where viscoelastic dampers that are known in the state of the art are not capable of dissipating all the necessary deformation energy.
  • the present application has been designed for the absorption of dissipation energy of elements subjected to frequencies between 50Hz and 500Hz.
  • the frequencies at which energy is absorbed may be comprised between 1Hz to 50Hz.
  • the present invention proposes a shock absorber to absorb deformation energy in oscillating systems subjected to any frequency range.
  • the shock absorber object of the invention comprises a first base, a second base and a central body.
  • the novel feature of the present invention is that the central body of the shock absorber comprises at least two concentric rings that are a first ring and a second ring, and between them a layer of viscoelastic material is arranged.
  • the buffer of the invention also comprises a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the first base and said first base and a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the second base and said second base.
  • the first base and the second base of the shock absorber have lugs, are attached to eyebolts or use any other fastening means with which they are connected to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed.
  • the first base and the second base are connected to any area or element of the structure that is vibrating in each specific case in which it is applied.
  • the first base and the second base are rings that incorporate anchoring elements to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed.
  • Viscoelastic materials are known to have both viscous and elastic properties depending on the temperature at which they are. These materials dissipate energy when a load is applied.
  • the combination of stress-strain curves of a viscoelastic material when it is loaded and when it is discharged serves to determine the amount of energy that the material is able to dissipate.
  • the stress-strain curve of the material when it is loaded follows a certain trajectory depending on the properties of the material and the stress-strain curve of the material when it is unloaded follows a different path from the previous one.
  • the area that is limited by these two curves reflects the ability to dissipate the energy of the viscoelastic material in question for a given temperature.
  • Viscoelastic materials undergo a hysteresis cycle when subjected to a charge so that there is a difference between the charge period and the discharge period in which energy dissipates in the form of heat.
  • the main effort to be considered for the state of loading is the cut, and this depends on the area of material subjected to stress.
  • the damper of the present invention comprises several layers of viscoelastic material trying to maximize the area of each of those layers to obtain a total area of viscoelastic material much larger than that of the viscoelastic dampers of the state of the technique. In this way, much more energy is dissipated with the damper of the invention than with the prior art dampers.
  • the body of the shock absorber is formed by rings having a truncated conical shape.
  • the wall of the ring has the same thickness over the entire surface of the ring.
  • the rings are arranged in the central body such that a ring "fits" in the ring that is adjacent thereto. That is, considering a first ring and a second ring, the part of the first ring that has a smaller diameter that is the part of the upper face of the ring, is introduced into the second ring through the part of larger diameter (which matches the bottom face) of the second ring.
  • the layer of viscoelastic material is arranged between both rings. This layer of viscoelastic material is placed between the inner face of the second ring and the outer face of the first ring.
  • the connection between them is carried out in the same way as explained in the previous paragraph, introducing the part of smaller diameter of a ring through the larger diameter of a ring adjacent to him.
  • the smaller diameter of a ring is on the upper face of the ring while the larger diameter of a ring is on its lower face.
  • the rings are in the form of a washer with a bevelled upper face and a lower face.
  • the rings can be of two types.
  • a first type of ring has the upper face and the lower face beveled inwards. That is, the length of the inner face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction is less than the length of the outer face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction.
  • a second type of ring has the upper face and the lower face beveled outwards. That is, the length of the inner face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction is greater than the length of the outer face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction.
  • the adjacent rings are arranged such that, considering a first ring and a second ring, the first ring having its upper and lower faces beveled inwardly is placed on a second ring having its upper and lower faces beveled outwards.
  • the layer of viscoelastic material between the rings is disposed between the lower face of a first ring and the upper face of a second ring.
  • the first base has a conical shape that adapts to the inclination that the ring of the main body that is adjacent thereto has on its upper face.
  • the second base has a conical shape that adapts to the inclination that the ring of the main body that is adjacent thereto has on its lower face.
  • the main body rings are of a material of different stiffness than the material of the viscoelastic material layers to increase the efficiency of the shock absorber.
  • the rings are made of metal to improve heat dissipation in the form of heat.
  • more or less efficient configurations can be achieved both acoustically and in terms of weight or space available playing with the thickness of the rings.
  • the rings can be of different materials. You can have rings of any metal alloy. Also, you can have rings of any type of composite such as carbon fiber, glass, aramid (Kevlar®), composite with thermoplastic resin, thermosetting, reinforced with carbon nanotubes, etc.
  • the rings are made of carbon fiber to achieve a very light buffer.
  • the shock absorber of the present invention is not a main loading step so it is not necessary to guarantee the electrical continuity between the material of the viscoelastic material layers and the carbon fiber of the rings.
  • the viscoelastic material used is vulcanized rubber.
  • the rings are open to allow deformation of the rubber. This opening is a slot in the longitudinal direction that communicates the inside of the ring with the outside and that extends from the upper face of the ring to the lower face of the ring.
  • the present invention represents an important improvement over traditional shock absorbers that use viscoelastic material at the interface of a cylinder-piston system since when high energy levels are reached, these shock absorbers are not able to continue absorbing energy.
  • the shock absorber proposed in the present invention is capable of continuing to dissipate energy even though high levels of energy are reached.
  • Another important advantage of the invention is that it is applied to existing structures by adding to said existing structures without altering the static behavior of the structure.
  • shock absorber of the present application is in the aerospace sector to absorb the high levels of vibration at different frequencies that support some of the aircraft components such as the frames, stringers, stringers and beams that make up the structure of the airplane.
  • the shock absorber of the present invention has another application in the aerospace sector related to the one set forth above. Because the frames that make up the structure of the plane are vibrating at different frequencies, part of this vibration is shown in the form of noise. Thus, by placing the shock absorber of the present invention on elements of the airplane whose vibration produces noise, such as the frames, it is possible to reduce the noise heard by the passengers of the airplane.
  • Another important application of the shock absorbers of the present invention is in the automotive sector since the shock absorber of the present invention can be used in place of those known in the state of the art to improve the comfort of the users when traveling on roads in disrepair.
  • Figure 1 represents a first embodiment of the invention in which the rings have a frustoconical shape.
  • the figure shows a perspective view of the damper of the invention in its first preferred embodiment with conical rings.
  • figure Ib a section of the view of the figure is shown, where it is possible to see how the rings are placed and the layer of viscoelastic material between them.
  • the figure shows the elevation of the view Ib.
  • FIG. Id Another more schematic section of the damper of the invention in its first preferred embodiment is shown in Figure Id.
  • the figure shows the section BB that has been made in the figure Id and it shows two rings that are in their working position in the shock absorber so that one of them has been introduced into the other.
  • the rings that represented in this figure are those used when the viscoelastic material used is a vulcanized material so that they have a groove that allows the expansion of the viscoelastic material when it expands when it is dissipating energy.
  • Figure 2 shows a shock absorber ring in its first preferred embodiment in which it has a conical shape.
  • Figure 2a shows a ring of those used when the viscoelastic material is not a vulcanized material.
  • Figure 2b shows a ring like that of Figure 2a but which is used in embodiments in which vulcanized materials are used so that a groove has been made in the ring to allow the dilation of the vulcanized material when it is dissipating energy.
  • Figure 3 represents a second embodiment of the invention in which the rings are shaped like a washer with its lower face and its upper face beveled.
  • FIG 3a A perspective view of the shock absorber of the invention in its second preferred embodiment with bevelled upper and lower face rings is shown in Figure 3a.
  • Figure 3b A section of the view of Figure 3a is shown in Figure 3b, showing how the rings and the layer of viscoelastic material are placed between them.
  • Figure 3c shows the elevation of the view 3b.
  • FIG 3d Another more schematic section of the shock absorber of the invention in its second preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 3d.
  • Figure 3e shows the section AA that has been made in figure 3d and it shows a ring of those used when the viscoelastic material used is a vulcanized material so that it has a groove that allows the material to expand viscoelastic when it expands when it is dissipating energy.
  • the rings used in the second preferred embodiment of the invention are shown in the form of a bevel washer on their upper and lower faces.
  • a ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4a in which the upper and lower faces are beveled outwards.
  • a ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4b in which the upper and lower faces are beveled inwards.
  • a ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4c in which the upper and lower faces are beveled outwards and in which there is a groove for allowing the vulcanized material to dilate when energy is dissipating.
  • a ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4d in which the upper and lower faces are beveled inwardly and in which there is a groove for allowing the vulcanized material to dilate when energy is dissipating.
  • the present invention proposes a shock absorber to dissipate deformation energy in oscillating systems subjected to any frequency range.
  • the buffer of the present invention comprises:
  • the central body comprises at least two concentric rings that are a first ring (3) and a second ring (4), and between which a layer of viscoelastic material (5) is arranged;
  • the first base (1) and the second base (2) are rings that incorporate anchoring elements to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed.
  • the rings that make up the central body (6) have a truncated conical shape.
  • the wall (7) of each ring has the same thickness over the entire surface of the ring.
  • a first ring (3) and a second ring (4) are considered.
  • the rings are arranged so that the first ring (3) is inserted into the second ring (4).
  • all rings have the same measurements.
  • the smaller diameter (8) of a ring is always smaller than the larger diameter (9) of that same ring.
  • the smaller diameter (8) of a first ring (3) is always smaller than the larger diameter (9) of a second ring (4) adjacent to it to ensure that the first ring (3) can be introduced in this second ring (4).
  • the smaller diameter (8) of the cone trunk forming the ring is on the upper face (12) of said ring while the larger diameter (9) is on the lower face (13) of the ring.
  • a ring like the ones described here for the first preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 2a.
  • the inner face (10) of a ring is the one that remains on the inside of the cone trunk that forms the ring while the outer face (11) is the one that is on the outside of the cone trunk that forms the ring
  • a part of smaller diameter (8) located on the upper face (12) of a first ring (3) is inserted into a second ring (4) a through a larger diameter part (9) located on the lower face (13) of said second ring (4).
  • the layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the inner face (10) of a second ring (4) and the outer face (11) of a first ring (3) that has been inserted inside of the second ring (4).
  • the connection between them is made in the same way as explained above for a first ring (3) and a second ring (4), introducing the smaller diameter part (8) of a ring through the larger diameter (9) of a ring adjacent to it.
  • the first base (1) and the second base (2) are attached to the area or elements of the structure in which the shock absorber that is subjected to vibration is installed. They can be attached to the structure by eyebolts, lugs or any other means of attachment.
  • the rings that make up the central body (6) are in the form of a washer with an upper face (12) and a lower face (13) beveled.
  • a first type of rings has its upper face (12) and its lower face (13) beveled inwards and a second type of rings has its upper face (12) and its lower face (13) beveled outwards.
  • the main body when the main body is composed of several rings, these are positioned so that the rings that have a bevel inwardly are adjacent with the rings that have a beveled outward.
  • the inner face (10) of the ring is the one on the inside of the ring shaped like a bevel, while the outer face (11) of the ring is the one on the outside of the ring shaped like a washer. .
  • all rings have a constant smaller diameter (8) that is the same for all rings and a larger constant diameter (9) that is the same for all rings.
  • the smaller diameter (8) of a ring is always smaller than the larger diameter (9) of that same ring.
  • the rings are arranged so that a first ring (3) that has its upper and lower faces (12, 13) beveled inwardly is placed on a second ring (4) that has its upper and lower faces (12 , 13) beveled outwards.
  • the layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the lower face (12) of a first ring (3) and the upper face (13) of a second ring (4).
  • first ring (3) is the one with its upper face (12) and its lower face (13) beveled outwards, it is placed on a second ring (4) that has its upper and lower faces (12 , 13) beveled inwards.
  • the layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the lower face (12) of a first ring (3) and the upper face (13) of a second ring (4).
  • Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show the shock absorber described with the bevelled upper and lower face rings of the second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the first base (1) of the damper has a first surface (14) that is in contact with the upper face (12) of a ring adjacent thereto.
  • This first surface (14) has a conical shape with the same inclination as the upper face (12) of the ring adjacent thereto.
  • the second base (2) has a second surface (15) that is in contact with the lower face (13) of a ring adjacent thereto and said second surface (15) has a conical shape with the same inclination than the lower face (13) of the ring adjacent to it. This is seen in the 3d figure.
  • metal rings can be used to increase the efficiency of the damper by dissipating heat.
  • carbon fiber rings can be used to have a lighter shock absorber.
  • the static conditions of the elements in which the shock absorber is placed are not influenced.
  • metal rings and carbon fiber rings can be combined in the same buffer to increase the energy dissipated in the form of heat and at the same time have a light buffer.
  • the viscoelastic material used is vulcanized rubber.
  • the rings be open to allow dilation of the rubber when the shock absorber is working.
  • the rings have a groove (16) in the longitudinal direction that communicates an inner face (10) of the ring with an outer face (11) of the ring and extends from the upper face (12) of the ring to the underside (13) of the ring.
  • Figure 2b representing a conical shaped ring of the first embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 4c and 4d representing the beveled upper and lower face rings of the second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Abstract

The invention relates to an absorber for dissipating strain energy using a viscoelastic material. The absorber has been designed to absorb strain energy in oscillating systems subjected to any frequency range. The invention comprises a first base (1), a second base (2) and a central body (6). The central body of the absorber comprises at least two concentric rings, namely a first ring (3) and a second ring (4), with a layer of viscoelastic material (5) disposed therebetween. In addition, a layer of viscoelastic material is disposed between the first base (1) and the ring adjacent thereto and a layer of viscoelastic material is disposed between the second base (2) and the ring adjacent thereto. The first base (1) and the second base (2) are rings that include elements for anchoring to the structure in which the absorber is positioned.

Description

AMORTIGUADOR PARA DISIPAR ENERGÍA DE DEFORMACIÓN UTILIZANDO MATERIAL VISCOELASTICO  SHOCK ABSORBER TO DISSIP DEFORMATION ENERGY USING VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención tiene por objeto proporcionar un amortiguador acústico en el que utiliza material viscoelástico como elemento clave en la disipación de energía .  The present invention aims to provide an acoustic damper in which it uses viscoelastic material as a key element in energy dissipation.
El objetivo de la presente invención es proporcionar un amortiguador que disipe energía de deformación en elementos sometidos a espectros de amplio rango de frecuencias en las que se genera ruido y los desplazamientos son del orden de décimas de milímetro.  The objective of the present invention is to provide a damper that dissipates deformation energy in elements subjected to spectra of a wide range of frequencies in which noise is generated and the displacements are of the order of tenths of a millimeter.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIOR A LA INVENCIÓN  STATE OF THE PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION
Los medios clásicos de amortiguación como por ejemplo las mantas aislantes no funcionan cuando se trata de disipar energía de deformación en elementos que están sometidos a espectros de frecuencias inferiores a 1000 Hz . Cuando hay elementos estructurales sometidos a estas frecuencias y los desplazamientos son del orden de décimas de milímetro, se genera ruido.  Classic damping means such as insulating blankets do not work when it comes to dissipating deformation energy in elements that are subject to spectra of frequencies below 1000 Hz. When there are structural elements subject to these frequencies and the displacements are of the order of tenths of a millimeter, noise is generated.
La patente US4759428 divulga un amortiguador viscoelástico que controla la vibración de un miembro estructural que pueda producirse por un terremoto o viento pero que produciendo solo una pequeña fuerza de reacción cuando el miembro estructural se desplaza lentamente como resultado de la deformación térmica del miembro sí mismo u otro miembro conectado. Esta propiedad se consigue usando un líquido dilatante que presenta resistencia relativamente pequeña cuando la velocidad del movimiento es pequeña y produce resistencia progresivamente grande conforme aumenta la velocidad del movimiento . La patente US2875861 describe un amortiguador que utiliza un fluido para disipar la energía de deformación. Se utilizan las fuerzas de viscosidad que aparecen en un fluido que está colocado en el amortiguador a modo de una fina capa, estable y continua, entre dos superficies adyacentes muy cercanas entre sí, que son coaxiales a un eje y que están cada una de ellas acoplada de forma rígida a un sistema que es paralelo al mencionado eje. El amortiguador se utiliza para disminuir la oscilación relativa entre los dos sistemas. US4759428 discloses a viscoelastic shock absorber that controls the vibration of a structural member that can be caused by an earthquake or wind but that produces only a small reaction force when the structural member moves slowly as a result of thermal deformation of the member itself or Another connected member. This property is achieved using a dilating liquid that exhibits relatively small resistance when the movement speed is small and produces progressively large resistance as the movement speed increases. US2875861 describes a shock absorber that uses a fluid to dissipate deformation energy. The viscosity forces that appear in a fluid that is placed in the shock absorber are used as a thin, stable and continuous layer, between two adjacent surfaces very close to each other, that are coaxial to an axis and that are each of them rigidly coupled to a system that is parallel to said axis. The shock absorber is used to decrease the relative oscillation between the two systems.
La patente CN101736828 describe una viga-columna capaz de amortiguar esfuerzos de deformación para reforzar el sector de la estructura en el que se utiliza. Se emplea una combinación de material viscoelástico con el que absorber las deformaciones y acero con el que dar resistencia a la estructura.  The CN101736828 patent describes a column beam capable of damping deformation stresses to reinforce the sector of the structure in which it is used. A combination of viscoelastic material is used with which to absorb deformations and steel with which to give strength to the structure.
Ya se conoce del estado de la técnica la utilización de materiales viscoelásticos para amortiguar vibraciones por medio de dispositivos amortiguadores que disipan energía.  The use of viscoelastic materials for damping vibrations by means of damping devices that dissipate energy is already known from the state of the art.
Del estado de la técnica se conoce también la utilización de materiales viscoelásticos en la interfaz de un sistema cilindro-pistón.  The use of viscoelastic materials in the interface of a cylinder-piston system is also known from the state of the art.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN  DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención tiene por objeto superar los problemas que plantean los amortiguadores del estado de la técnica para absorber energía de deformación de elementos que están sometidos a espectros de cualquier rango de frecuencias.  The present invention aims to overcome the problems posed by the state-of-the-art dampers to absorb deformation energy from elements that are subject to spectra of any frequency range.
Así pues, el amortiguador de la invención proporciona un resultado más eficiente para altos niveles de energía donde los amortiguadores con viscoelástico que se conocen del estado de la técnica no son capaces de disipar toda la energía de deformación necesaria. En concreto, la presente solicitud se ha diseñado para la absorción de energía de disipación de elementos sometidos a frecuencias de entre 50Hz y 500Hz. En algunas realizaciones particulares de la presente invención en las que los materiales viscoelásticos que se utilizan son gomas o materiales vulcanizados, las frecuencias a las que se absorbe energía pueden estar comprendidas entre 1Hz a 50Hz. Thus, the damper of the invention provides a more efficient result for high energy levels where viscoelastic dampers that are known in the state of the art are not capable of dissipating all the necessary deformation energy. Specifically, the present application has been designed for the absorption of dissipation energy of elements subjected to frequencies between 50Hz and 500Hz. In some particular embodiments of the present invention in which the viscoelastic materials used are vulcanized gums or materials, the frequencies at which energy is absorbed may be comprised between 1Hz to 50Hz.
La presente invención propone un amortiguador para absorber energía de deformación en sistemas que oscilan sometidos a cualquier rango de frecuencias.  The present invention proposes a shock absorber to absorb deformation energy in oscillating systems subjected to any frequency range.
En elementos estructurales, las altas frecuencias de oscilación producen vibraciones de amplitud muy pequeña que se muestran como ruido. Una solución podría ser rigidizar la estructura. Esto hace que aumenten las frecuencias de resonancia. El problema es que rigidizar la estructura aumenta el peso, y en estructuras aeronáuticas o móviles esto no es aconsejable. Así pues, se debe tratar de absorber la energía que provoca la vibración.  In structural elements, high oscillation frequencies produce vibrations of very small amplitude that are shown as noise. One solution could be to stiffen the structure. This causes resonance frequencies to increase. The problem is that stiffening the structure increases the weight, and in aeronautical or mobile structures this is not advisable. So, you should try to absorb the energy that causes the vibration.
El amortiguador objeto de la invención comprende una primera base, una segunda base y un cuerpo central. La característica novedosa de la presente invención es que el cuerpo central del amortiguador comprende al menos dos anillos concéntricos que son un primer anillo y un segundo anillo, y entre ellos hay dispuesta una capa de material viscoelástico .  The shock absorber object of the invention comprises a first base, a second base and a central body. The novel feature of the present invention is that the central body of the shock absorber comprises at least two concentric rings that are a first ring and a second ring, and between them a layer of viscoelastic material is arranged.
El amortiguador de la invención comprende también una capa de material viscoelástico entre el anillo que queda adyacente a la primera base y dicha primera base y una capa de material viscoelástico entre el anillo que queda adyacente a la segunda base y dicha segunda base.  The buffer of the invention also comprises a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the first base and said first base and a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the second base and said second base.
La primera base y la segunda base del amortiguador tienen orejetas, están unidas a cáncamos o utilizan cualquier otro medio de sujeción con el que se conectan a la estructura en la que se coloca el amortiguador. The first base and the second base of the shock absorber have lugs, are attached to eyebolts or use any other fastening means with which they are connected to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed.
La primera base y la segunda base se conectan a cualquier zona o elemento de la estructura que esté vibrando en cada caso concreto en el que se aplique.  The first base and the second base are connected to any area or element of the structure that is vibrating in each specific case in which it is applied.
La primera base y la segunda base son anillos que incorporan elementos de anclaje a la estructura en la que se coloca el amortiguador.  The first base and the second base are rings that incorporate anchoring elements to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed.
Los materiales viscoelásticos son conocidos por presentar tanto propiedades viscosas como elásticas en función de la temperatura a la que se encuentren. Estos materiales disipan energía cuando se les aplica una carga .  Viscoelastic materials are known to have both viscous and elastic properties depending on the temperature at which they are. These materials dissipate energy when a load is applied.
La combinación de las curvas de tensión-deformación de un material viscoelástico cuando se carga y cuando se descarga sirve para determinar la cantidad de energía que el material es capaz de disipar. La curva de tensión- deformación del material cuando se carga sigue una trayectoria determinada en función de las propiedades del material y la curva de tensión-deformación del material cuando se descarga sigue una trayectoria distinta de la anterior. El área que queda limitada por estas dos curvas refleja la capacidad de disipar energía que tiene el material viscoelástico en cuestión para una temperatura determinada.  The combination of stress-strain curves of a viscoelastic material when it is loaded and when it is discharged serves to determine the amount of energy that the material is able to dissipate. The stress-strain curve of the material when it is loaded follows a certain trajectory depending on the properties of the material and the stress-strain curve of the material when it is unloaded follows a different path from the previous one. The area that is limited by these two curves reflects the ability to dissipate the energy of the viscoelastic material in question for a given temperature.
Los materiales viscoelásticos experimentan un ciclo de histéresis cuando se someten a una carga de forma que existe una diferencia entre el periodo de carga y el periodo de descarga en el que se disipa energía en forma de calor. Como en la presente invención se utilizan láminas de material viscoelástico, el principal esfuerzo a considerar por el estado de carga es la cortadura, y esta depende del área de material sometida a esfuerzo. Así pues, el amortiguador de la presente invención comprende varias capas de material viscoelástico tratando de maximizar el área de cada una de esas capas para obtener un área total de material de viscoelástico mucho mayor que la que hay en los amortiguadores con viscoelástico del estado de la técnica. De esta forma con el amortiguador de la invención se disipa mucha más energía que con los amortiguadores del estado de la técnica . Viscoelastic materials undergo a hysteresis cycle when subjected to a charge so that there is a difference between the charge period and the discharge period in which energy dissipates in the form of heat. As viscoelastic material sheets are used in the present invention, the main effort to be considered for the state of loading is the cut, and this depends on the area of material subjected to stress. Thus, the damper of the present invention comprises several layers of viscoelastic material trying to maximize the area of each of those layers to obtain a total area of viscoelastic material much larger than that of the viscoelastic dampers of the state of the technique. In this way, much more energy is dissipated with the damper of the invention than with the prior art dampers.
En una primera realización preferente de la invención, el cuerpo del amortiguador está formado por anillos que tienen una forma troncocónica . En estos anillos la pared del anillo tiene el mismo espesor en toda la superficie del anillo.  In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the body of the shock absorber is formed by rings having a truncated conical shape. In these rings the wall of the ring has the same thickness over the entire surface of the ring.
En esta primera realización preferente de la invención, los anillos están dispuestos en el cuerpo central de forma que un anillo "encaja" en el anillo que queda adyacente a él. Es decir, considerando un primer anillo y un segundo anillo, la parte del primer anillo que tiene un diámetro menor que es la parte de la cara superior del anillo, se introduce en el interior del segundo anillo a través de la parte de diámetro mayor (que coincide con la cara inferior) del segundo anillo. Entre ambos anillos está dispuesta la capa de material viscoelástico. Esta capa de material viscoelástico está colocada entre la cara interior del segundo anillo y la cara exterior del primer anillo.  In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the rings are arranged in the central body such that a ring "fits" in the ring that is adjacent thereto. That is, considering a first ring and a second ring, the part of the first ring that has a smaller diameter that is the part of the upper face of the ring, is introduced into the second ring through the part of larger diameter ( which matches the bottom face) of the second ring. The layer of viscoelastic material is arranged between both rings. This layer of viscoelastic material is placed between the inner face of the second ring and the outer face of the first ring.
En caso de que el cuerpo del amortiguador esté compuesto por más de dos anillos, la conexión entre ellos se realiza de igual modo que se ha explicado en el párrafo anterior, introduciendo la parte de diámetro menor de un anillo a través del diámetro mayor de un anillo adyacente a él. El diámetro menor de un anillo está en la cara superior del anillo mientras que el diámetro mayor de un anillo está en su cara inferior. If the body of the shock absorber is composed of more than two rings, the connection between them is carried out in the same way as explained in the previous paragraph, introducing the part of smaller diameter of a ring through the larger diameter of a ring adjacent to him. The smaller diameter of a ring is on the upper face of the ring while the larger diameter of a ring is on its lower face.
En una segunda realización preferente de la invención, los anillos tienen forma de arandela con una cara superior y una cara inferior biseladas.  In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the rings are in the form of a washer with a bevelled upper face and a lower face.
En esta segunda realización preferente de la invención los anillos pueden ser de dos tipos.  In this second preferred embodiment of the invention the rings can be of two types.
Un primer tipo de anillo tiene la cara superior y la cara inferior biseladas hacia el interior. Es decir, la longitud de la cara interior del anillo medida en dirección longitudinal es menor que la longitud de la cara exterior del anillo medida en dirección longitudinal .  A first type of ring has the upper face and the lower face beveled inwards. That is, the length of the inner face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction is less than the length of the outer face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction.
Un segundo tipo de anillo tiene la cara superior y la cara inferior biseladas hacia el exterior. Es decir, la longitud de la cara interior del anillo medida en dirección longitudinal es mayor que la longitud de la cara exterior del anillo medida en dirección longitudinal.  A second type of ring has the upper face and the lower face beveled outwards. That is, the length of the inner face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction is greater than the length of the outer face of the ring measured in the longitudinal direction.
En esta segunda realización preferente los anillos adyacentes están dispuestos de forma que, considerando un primer anillo y un segundo anillo, el primer anillo que tiene sus caras superior e inferior biseladas hacia el interior se coloca sobre un segundo anillo que tiene sus caras superior e inferior biseladas hacia el exterior. La capa de material viscoelástico que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara inferior de un primer amillo y la cara superior de un segundo anillo.  In this second preferred embodiment the adjacent rings are arranged such that, considering a first ring and a second ring, the first ring having its upper and lower faces beveled inwardly is placed on a second ring having its upper and lower faces beveled outwards. The layer of viscoelastic material between the rings is disposed between the lower face of a first ring and the upper face of a second ring.
En esta segunda realización preferente, cuando el cuerpo principal está compuesto por varios anillos, estos se colocan de forma que quedan adyacente los anillos que tienen un biselado hacia el interior con los anillos que tienen un biselado hacia el exterior. En esta segunda realización preferente de la invención, la primera base tiene una forma cónica que se adapta a la inclinación que tiene en su cara superior el anillo del cuerpo principal que queda adyacente a ella. In this second preferred embodiment, when the main body is composed of several rings, these are positioned so that the rings that have a bevel inwardly are adjacent with the rings that have a beveled outward. In this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the first base has a conical shape that adapts to the inclination that the ring of the main body that is adjacent thereto has on its upper face.
En esta segunda realización preferente de la invención, la segunda base tiene una forma cónica que se adapta a la inclinación que tiene en su cara inferior el anillo del cuerpo principal que queda adyacente a ella.  In this second preferred embodiment of the invention, the second base has a conical shape that adapts to the inclination that the ring of the main body that is adjacent thereto has on its lower face.
En una realización de la invención, los anillos del cuerpo principal son de un material de distinta rigidez que el material de las capas de material viscoelástico para aumentar la eficiencia del amortiguador.  In one embodiment of the invention, the main body rings are of a material of different stiffness than the material of the viscoelastic material layers to increase the efficiency of the shock absorber.
En una realización de la invención, los anillos se hacen de metal para mejorar de disipación de energía en forma de calor. Dependiendo de la rigidez del metal o la aleación metálica que se utilice, pueden conseguirse configuraciones más o menos eficientes tanto acústicamente como en cuestión de peso o espacio disponibles jugando con el espesor de los anillos.  In one embodiment of the invention, the rings are made of metal to improve heat dissipation in the form of heat. Depending on the rigidity of the metal or metal alloy used, more or less efficient configurations can be achieved both acoustically and in terms of weight or space available playing with the thickness of the rings.
Los anillos pueden ser de distintos materiales. Se pueden tener anillos de cualquier aleación metálica. Así mismo, se pueden tener anillos de cualquier tipo de composite como fibra de carbono, de vidrio, de aramida (Kevlar®) , composite con resina termoplástica, termoestable, reforzada con nanotubos de carbono, etc.  The rings can be of different materials. You can have rings of any metal alloy. Also, you can have rings of any type of composite such as carbon fiber, glass, aramid (Kevlar®), composite with thermoplastic resin, thermosetting, reinforced with carbon nanotubes, etc.
En una realización de la invención, los anillos se hacen de fibra de carbono para conseguir un amortiguador muy ligero. El amortiguador de la presente invención no es un paso de carga principal por lo que no es necesario garantizar la continuidad eléctrica entre el material de las capas de material viscoelástico y la fibra de carbono de los anillos.  In one embodiment of the invention, the rings are made of carbon fiber to achieve a very light buffer. The shock absorber of the present invention is not a main loading step so it is not necessary to guarantee the electrical continuity between the material of the viscoelastic material layers and the carbon fiber of the rings.
En una realización de la invención el material viscoelástico que se utiliza es goma vulcanizada. En este caso, los anillos están abiertos para permitir la deformación de la goma. Esta abertura es una ranura en dirección longitudinal que comunica el interior del anillo con el exterior y que se extiende desde la cara superior del anillo hasta la cara inferior del anillo. In one embodiment of the invention the viscoelastic material used is vulcanized rubber. In this case, the rings are open to allow deformation of the rubber. This opening is a slot in the longitudinal direction that communicates the inside of the ring with the outside and that extends from the upper face of the ring to the lower face of the ring.
La presente invención representa una importante mejora respecto a los amortiguadores tradicionales que utilizan material viscoelástico en la interfaz de un sistema cilindro-pistón ya que cuando se llega a altos niveles de energía, estos amortiguadores no son capaces de seguir absorbiendo energía. Sin embargo, el amortiguador propuesto en la presente invención sí es capaz de seguir disipando energía a pesar de que se alcancen altos niveles de energía.  The present invention represents an important improvement over traditional shock absorbers that use viscoelastic material at the interface of a cylinder-piston system since when high energy levels are reached, these shock absorbers are not able to continue absorbing energy. However, the shock absorber proposed in the present invention is capable of continuing to dissipate energy even though high levels of energy are reached.
Otra ventaja importante de la invención es que se aplica a estructuras ya existentes añadiéndose a dichas estructuras ya existentes sin alterar el comportamiento estático de la estructura.  Another important advantage of the invention is that it is applied to existing structures by adding to said existing structures without altering the static behavior of the structure.
Una de las aplicaciones más importantes del amortiguador de la presente solicitud es en el sector aeroespacial para absorber los altos niveles de vibración a distintas frecuencias que soportan algunos de los componentes del avión como por ejemplo las cuadernas, largueros, larguerillos y vigas que componen la estructura del avión.  One of the most important applications of the shock absorber of the present application is in the aerospace sector to absorb the high levels of vibration at different frequencies that support some of the aircraft components such as the frames, stringers, stringers and beams that make up the structure of the airplane.
El amortiguador de la presente invención tiene otra aplicación en el sector aeroespacial relacionada con la anteriormente expuesta. Debido a que las cuadernas que componen la estructura del avión están vibrando a distintas frecuencias, parte de esta vibración se muestra en forma de ruido. Así pues, mediante la colocación del amortiguador de la presente invención en elementos del avión cuya vibración produce ruido, como por ejemplo las cuadernas, se consigue reducir el ruido que escuchan los pasajeros del avión. Otra aplicación importante de los amortiguadores de la presente invención es en el sector de automocion ya que se puede utilizar el amortiguador de la presente invención en sustitución de los conocidos del estado de la técnica para mejorar el confort de los usuarios cuando se viaja sobre carreteras en mal estado. The shock absorber of the present invention has another application in the aerospace sector related to the one set forth above. Because the frames that make up the structure of the plane are vibrating at different frequencies, part of this vibration is shown in the form of noise. Thus, by placing the shock absorber of the present invention on elements of the airplane whose vibration produces noise, such as the frames, it is possible to reduce the noise heard by the passengers of the airplane. Another important application of the shock absorbers of the present invention is in the automotive sector since the shock absorber of the present invention can be used in place of those known in the state of the art to improve the comfort of the users when traveling on roads in disrepair.
También en el caso del sector de automocion parte de las vibraciones que sufre la estructura se muestran en forma de ruido. Asi pues, la aplicación del amortiguador de la invención en el sector del automóvil sirve también para reducir el ruido que escuchan los usuarios del vehículo .  Also in the case of the automotive sector, part of the vibrations suffered by the structure are shown in the form of noise. Thus, the application of the damper of the invention in the automobile sector also serves to reduce the noise heard by the users of the vehicle.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A continuación se presentan las figuras representativas de una de las realizaciones de la invención que sirven solamente a modo de ejemplo y, de esta manera, no son restrictivos dentro de la presente invención y donde:  The following are representative figures of one of the embodiments of the invention that serve only by way of example and, thus, are not restrictive within the present invention and where:
La figura 1 representa una primera realización de la invención en la que los anillos tienen forma troncocónica .  Figure 1 represents a first embodiment of the invention in which the rings have a frustoconical shape.
En la figura la se muestra una vista en perspectiva del amortiguador de la invención en su primera realización preferente con anillos troncocónicos . En la figura Ib se muestra un corte de la vista de la figura la donde se aprecia cómo están colocados los anillos y la capa de material viscoelástico entre ellos. En la figura le se muestra el alzado de la vista Ib.  The figure shows a perspective view of the damper of the invention in its first preferred embodiment with conical rings. In figure Ib a section of the view of the figure is shown, where it is possible to see how the rings are placed and the layer of viscoelastic material between them. The figure shows the elevation of the view Ib.
En la figura Id se muestra otro corte más esquemático del amortiguador de la invención en su primera realización preferente. En la figura le se muestra la sección B-B que se ha realizado en la figura Id y en ella se aprecian dos anillos que están en su posición de trabajo en el amortiguador de forma que uno de ellos ha sido introducido en el otro. Los anillos que se han representado en esta figura son los empleados cuando el material viscoelástico utilizado es un material vulcanizado de forma que tienen una ranura que permite la dilatación del material viscoelástico cuando se expande cuando está disipando energía. Another more schematic section of the damper of the invention in its first preferred embodiment is shown in Figure Id. The figure shows the section BB that has been made in the figure Id and it shows two rings that are in their working position in the shock absorber so that one of them has been introduced into the other. The rings that represented in this figure are those used when the viscoelastic material used is a vulcanized material so that they have a groove that allows the expansion of the viscoelastic material when it expands when it is dissipating energy.
La figura 2 muestra un anillo del amortiguador en su primera realización preferente en la que tiene forma troncocónica . La figura 2a muestra un anillo de los que se utilizan cuando el material viscoelástico no es un material vulcanizado. La figura 2b muestra un anillo como el de la figura 2a pero que se utiliza en las realizaciones en las que se emplean materiales vulcanizados de forma que se ha practicado una ranura en el anillo para permitir la dilatación del material vulcanizado cuando éste está disipando energía.  Figure 2 shows a shock absorber ring in its first preferred embodiment in which it has a conical shape. Figure 2a shows a ring of those used when the viscoelastic material is not a vulcanized material. Figure 2b shows a ring like that of Figure 2a but which is used in embodiments in which vulcanized materials are used so that a groove has been made in the ring to allow the dilation of the vulcanized material when it is dissipating energy.
La figura 3 representa una segunda realización de la invención en la que los anillos tienen forma de arandela con su cara inferior y su cara superior biseladas.  Figure 3 represents a second embodiment of the invention in which the rings are shaped like a washer with its lower face and its upper face beveled.
En la figura 3a se muestra una vista en perspectiva del amortiguador de la invención en su segunda realización preferente con anillos de caras superior e inferior biseladas. En la figura 3b se muestra un corte de la vista de la figura 3a donde se aprecia cómo están colocados los anillos y la capa de material viscoelástico entre ellos. En la figura 3c se muestra el alzado de la vista 3b.  A perspective view of the shock absorber of the invention in its second preferred embodiment with bevelled upper and lower face rings is shown in Figure 3a. A section of the view of Figure 3a is shown in Figure 3b, showing how the rings and the layer of viscoelastic material are placed between them. Figure 3c shows the elevation of the view 3b.
En la figura 3d se muestra otro corte más esquemático del amortiguador de la invención en su segunda realización preferente. En la figura 3e se muestra la sección A-A que se ha realizado en la figura 3d y en ella se aprecia un anillo de los que se emplean cuando el material viscoelástico utilizado es un material vulcanizado de forma que tiene una ranura que permite la dilatación del material viscoelástico cuando se expande cuando está disipando energía. En la figura 4 se muestran los anillos utilizados en la segunda realización preferente de la invención que tienen forma de arandela biselada por sus caras superior e inferior. Another more schematic section of the shock absorber of the invention in its second preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 3d. Figure 3e shows the section AA that has been made in figure 3d and it shows a ring of those used when the viscoelastic material used is a vulcanized material so that it has a groove that allows the material to expand viscoelastic when it expands when it is dissipating energy. In figure 4 the rings used in the second preferred embodiment of the invention are shown in the form of a bevel washer on their upper and lower faces.
En la figura 4a se muestra un anillo de la segunda realización preferente de la invención en el que las caras superior e inferior están biseladas hacia el exterior. En la figura 4b se muestra un anillo de la segunda realización preferente de la invención en el que las caras superior e inferior están biseladas hacia el interior .  A ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4a in which the upper and lower faces are beveled outwards. A ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4b in which the upper and lower faces are beveled inwards.
En la figura 4c se muestra un anillo de la segunda realización preferente de la invención en el que las caras superior e inferior están biseladas hacia el exterior y en el que hay una ranura para dejar que el material vulcanizado se dilate cuando esté disipando energía. En la figura 4d se muestra un anillo de la segunda realización preferente de la invención en el que las caras superior e inferior están biseladas hacia el interior y en el que hay una ranura para dejar que el material vulcanizado se dilate cuando esté disipando energía .  A ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4c in which the upper and lower faces are beveled outwards and in which there is a groove for allowing the vulcanized material to dilate when energy is dissipating. A ring of the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4d in which the upper and lower faces are beveled inwardly and in which there is a groove for allowing the vulcanized material to dilate when energy is dissipating.
Referencias :  References :
1 : primera base  1: first base
2 : segunda base 2: second base
3: primer anillo  3: first ring
4: segundo anillo  4: second ring
5: capa material viscoelástico  5: viscoelastic material layer
6: cuerpo central  6: central body
7: pared del anillo 7: ring wall
8 : diámetro menor  8: smaller diameter
9: diámetro mayor  9: larger diameter
10: cara interior  10: inner face
11: cara exterior  11: outer face
12: cara superior 13 cara inferior 12: upper face 13 lower face
14 primera superficie  14 first surface
15 segunda superficie  15 second surface
16 ranura  16 slot
MODOS DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN  EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Con el objeto de llegar a una mejor comprensión del objeto y funcionalidad de esta patente, y sin que se entienda como soluciones restrictivas, a continuación se realiza una descripción de una realización preferente de la invención basada en las figuras anteriormente indicadas .  In order to reach a better understanding of the object and functionality of this patent, and without being understood as restrictive solutions, a description of a preferred embodiment of the invention based on the figures indicated above is given below.
La presente invención propone un amortiguador para disipar energía de deformación en sistemas que oscilan sometidos a cualquier rango de frecuencias. El amortiguador de la presente invención comprende:  The present invention proposes a shock absorber to dissipate deformation energy in oscillating systems subjected to any frequency range. The buffer of the present invention comprises:
una primera base (1);  a first base (1);
una segunda base (2),-y  a second base (2), - and
un cuerpo central (6) .  a central body (6).
Las características novedosas que presenta invención en relación con los amortiguadores de viscoelástico que se conocen del estado de la técnica son :  The novel features of the invention in relation to viscoelastic dampers that are known from the state of the art are:
el cuerpo central comprende al menos dos anillos concéntricos que son un primer anillo (3) y un segundo anillo (4), y entre los cuales hay dispuesta una capa de material viscoelástico (5) ;  the central body comprises at least two concentric rings that are a first ring (3) and a second ring (4), and between which a layer of viscoelastic material (5) is arranged;
hay una capa de material viscoelástico entre el anillo que queda adyacente a la primera base (1) y dicha primera base (1); y  there is a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the first base (1) and said first base (1); Y
hay una capa de material viscoelástico entre el anillo que queda adyacente a la segunda base (2) y dicha segunda base (2) .  there is a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the second base (2) and said second base (2).
La primera base (1) y la segunda base (2) son anillos que incorporan elementos de anclaje a la estructura en la que se coloca el amortiguador. En una primera realización preferente de esta invención, los anillos que componen el cuerpo central (6) tienen forma troncocónica . La pared (7) de cada anillo tiene el mismo espesor en toda la superficie del anillo. The first base (1) and the second base (2) are rings that incorporate anchoring elements to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed. In a first preferred embodiment of this invention, the rings that make up the central body (6) have a truncated conical shape. The wall (7) of each ring has the same thickness over the entire surface of the ring.
Para explicar la posición de los anillos en el cuerpo central del amortiguador, se considera un primer anillo (3) y un segundo anillo (4) . Los anillos están dispuestos de forma que el primer anillo (3) se introduce en el interior del segundo anillo (4) .  To explain the position of the rings in the central body of the shock absorber, a first ring (3) and a second ring (4) are considered. The rings are arranged so that the first ring (3) is inserted into the second ring (4).
Esta realización se aprecia en las figuras la, Ib, le y Id.  This embodiment can be seen in figures la, Ib, le and Id.
En esta primera realización preferente de la invención, todos los anillos tienen las mismas medidas. Como el propio nombre indica, el diámetro menor (8) de un anillo siempre es más pequeño que el diámetro mayor (9) de ese mismo anillo. Asi pues, teniendo todos los anillos las mismas medidas, el diámetro menor (8) de un primer anillo (3) es siempre menor que el diámetro mayor (9) de un segundo anillo (4) contiguo a él para garantizar que el primer anillo (3) se pueda introducir en este segundo anillo (4) .  In this first preferred embodiment of the invention, all rings have the same measurements. As the name itself indicates, the smaller diameter (8) of a ring is always smaller than the larger diameter (9) of that same ring. Thus, all the rings having the same measurements, the smaller diameter (8) of a first ring (3) is always smaller than the larger diameter (9) of a second ring (4) adjacent to it to ensure that the first ring (3) can be introduced in this second ring (4).
El diámetro menor (8) del tronco de cono que forma el anillo está en la cara superior (12) de dicho anillo mientras que el diámetro mayor (9) está en la cara inferior (13) del anillo.  The smaller diameter (8) of the cone trunk forming the ring is on the upper face (12) of said ring while the larger diameter (9) is on the lower face (13) of the ring.
En la figura 2a se muestra un anillo como los aqui descritos para la primera realización preferente.  A ring like the ones described here for the first preferred embodiment is shown in Figure 2a.
La cara interior (10) de un anillo es la que queda en la parte de dentro del tronco de cono que forma el anillo mientras que la cara exterior (11) es la que queda en la parte de fuera del tronco de cono que forma el anillo .  The inner face (10) of a ring is the one that remains on the inside of the cone trunk that forms the ring while the outer face (11) is the one that is on the outside of the cone trunk that forms the ring
Asi pues, una parte de diámetro menor (8) situada en la cara superior (12) de un primer anillo (3) se introduce en el interior de un segundo anillo (4) a través de una parte de diámetro mayor (9) situada en la cara inferior (13) de dicho segundo anillo (4) . Thus, a part of smaller diameter (8) located on the upper face (12) of a first ring (3) is inserted into a second ring (4) a through a larger diameter part (9) located on the lower face (13) of said second ring (4).
La capa de material viscoelástico (5) que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara interior (10) de un segundo anillo (4) y la cara exterior (11) de un primer anillo (3) que se ha introducido en el interior del segundo anillo (4) .  The layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the inner face (10) of a second ring (4) and the outer face (11) of a first ring (3) that has been inserted inside of the second ring (4).
Cuando el cuerpo central (6) está compuesto por más de dos anillos, la conexión entre ellos se realiza de igual modo que se ha explicado anteriormente para un primer anillo (3) y un segundo anillo (4), introduciendo la parte de diámetro menor (8) de un anillo a través del diámetro mayor (9) de un anillo adyacente a él.  When the central body (6) is composed of more than two rings, the connection between them is made in the same way as explained above for a first ring (3) and a second ring (4), introducing the smaller diameter part (8) of a ring through the larger diameter (9) of a ring adjacent to it.
La primera base (1) y la segunda base (2) van unidas a la zona o elementos de la estructura en la que se instala el amortiguador que estén sometidas a vibración. Pueden unirse a la estructura mediante cáncamos, orejetas o cualquier otro medio de sujeción.  The first base (1) and the second base (2) are attached to the area or elements of the structure in which the shock absorber that is subjected to vibration is installed. They can be attached to the structure by eyebolts, lugs or any other means of attachment.
En una segunda realización preferente de la invención, los anillos que componen el cuerpo central (6) tienen forma de arandela con una cara superior (12) y una cara inferior (13) biseladas.  In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the rings that make up the central body (6) are in the form of a washer with an upper face (12) and a lower face (13) beveled.
En esta realización se tienen dos tipos de anillos que se colocan de forma alternativa componiendo el cuerpo central (6) del amortiguador.  In this embodiment there are two types of rings that are placed alternatively composing the central body (6) of the shock absorber.
Un primer tipo de anillos tiene su cara superior (12) y su cara inferior (13) biselados hacia el interior y un segundo tipo de anillos tiene su cara superior (12) y su cara inferior (13) biselados hacia el exterior.  A first type of rings has its upper face (12) and its lower face (13) beveled inwards and a second type of rings has its upper face (12) and its lower face (13) beveled outwards.
En esta segunda realización preferente, cuando el cuerpo principal está compuesto por varios anillos, estos se colocan de forma que quedan adyacentes los anillos que tienen un biselado hacia el interior con los anillos que tienen un biselado hacia el exterior. La cara interior (10) del anillo es la que queda en la parte de dentro del anillo con forma de arandela biselada mientras que la cara exterior (11) del anillo es la que queda por fuera de la parte del anillo con forma de arandela biselada. In this second preferred embodiment, when the main body is composed of several rings, these are positioned so that the rings that have a bevel inwardly are adjacent with the rings that have a beveled outward. The inner face (10) of the ring is the one on the inside of the ring shaped like a bevel, while the outer face (11) of the ring is the one on the outside of the ring shaped like a washer. .
En esta segunda realización preferente, todos los anillos tienen un diámetro menor constante (8) que es igual para todos los anillos y un diámetro mayor (9) constante que es igual para todos los anillos. Como el propio nombre indica, el diámetro menor (8) de un anillo siempre es más pequeño que el diámetro mayor (9) de ese mismo anillo.  In this second preferred embodiment, all rings have a constant smaller diameter (8) that is the same for all rings and a larger constant diameter (9) that is the same for all rings. As the name itself indicates, the smaller diameter (8) of a ring is always smaller than the larger diameter (9) of that same ring.
En concreto, los anillos están dispuestos de forma que un primer anillo (3) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el interior se coloca sobre un segundo anillo (4) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el exterior. En este caso, la capa de material viscoelástico (5) que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara inferior (12) de un primer amillo (3) y la cara superior (13) de un segundo anillo (4) .  Specifically, the rings are arranged so that a first ring (3) that has its upper and lower faces (12, 13) beveled inwardly is placed on a second ring (4) that has its upper and lower faces (12 , 13) beveled outwards. In this case, the layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the lower face (12) of a first ring (3) and the upper face (13) of a second ring (4).
De igual modo, cuando el primer anillo (3) es el tiene su cara superior (12) y su cara inferior (13) biseladas hacia el exterior, se coloca sobre un segundo anillo (4) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el interior. La capa de material viscoelástico (5) que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara inferior (12) de un primer amillo (3) y la cara superior (13) de un segundo anillo (4) .  Similarly, when the first ring (3) is the one with its upper face (12) and its lower face (13) beveled outwards, it is placed on a second ring (4) that has its upper and lower faces (12 , 13) beveled inwards. The layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the lower face (12) of a first ring (3) and the upper face (13) of a second ring (4).
En las figuras 3a, 3b y 3c se aprecia el amortiguador descrito con los anillos con cara superior y cara inferior biseladas de la segunda realización preferente de la invención.  Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show the shock absorber described with the bevelled upper and lower face rings of the second preferred embodiment of the invention.
En esta segunda realización preferente, la primera base (1) del amortiguador tiene una primera superficie (14) que queda en contacto con la cara superior (12) de un anillo adyacente a ella. Esta primera superficie (14) tiene una forma cónica con la misma inclinación que la cara superior (12) del anillo adyacente a ella. In this second preferred embodiment, the first base (1) of the damper has a first surface (14) that is in contact with the upper face (12) of a ring adjacent thereto. This first surface (14) has a conical shape with the same inclination as the upper face (12) of the ring adjacent thereto.
En esta segunda realización preferente, la segunda base (2) tiene una segunda superficie (15) que queda en contacto con la cara inferior (13) de un anillo adyacente a ella y dicha segunda superficie (15) tiene una forma cónica con la misma inclinación que la cara inferior (13) del anillo adyacente a ella. Esto se aprecia en la figura 3d.  In this second preferred embodiment, the second base (2) has a second surface (15) that is in contact with the lower face (13) of a ring adjacent thereto and said second surface (15) has a conical shape with the same inclination than the lower face (13) of the ring adjacent to it. This is seen in the 3d figure.
En una realización posible de la invención, se pueden utilizar anillos de metal para aumentar la eficiencia del amortiguador disipando calor.  In a possible embodiment of the invention, metal rings can be used to increase the efficiency of the damper by dissipating heat.
En otra realización posible de la invención, se pueden utilizar anillos de fibra de carbono para tener un amortiguador más ligero. Además, debido a la pequeña magnitud de los desplazamientos se garantiza que no se influye sobre las condiciones estáticas de los elementos en los que se coloca el amortiguador.  In another possible embodiment of the invention, carbon fiber rings can be used to have a lighter shock absorber. In addition, due to the small magnitude of the displacements it is guaranteed that the static conditions of the elements in which the shock absorber is placed are not influenced.
En otra realización preferente de la invención, se pueden combinar anillos de metal y anillos de fibra de carbono en un mismo amortiguador para conseguir aumentar la energía disipada en forma de calor y al mismo tiempo tener un amortiguador ligero.  In another preferred embodiment of the invention, metal rings and carbon fiber rings can be combined in the same buffer to increase the energy dissipated in the form of heat and at the same time have a light buffer.
En una realización de la invención, el material viscoelástico utilizado es goma vulcanizada. En este caso, es necesario que los anillos estén abiertos para permitir la dilatación de la goma cuando el amortiguador está trabajando. Así pues, cuando se utiliza goma, los anillos tienen una ranura (16) en dirección longitudinal que comunica una cara interior (10) del anillo con una cara exterior (11) del anillo y que se extiende desde la cara superior (12) del anillo a la cara inferior (13) del anillo. Una muestra de estos anillos con ranuras, especialmente diseñados para ser utilizados cuando se trabaja con materiales vulcanizados, se tiene en la figura 2b que representa un anillo de forma troncocónica de la primera realización de la invención y en las figuras 4c y 4d que representan los anillos con cara superior e inferior biseladas de la segunda realización preferente de la invención. In one embodiment of the invention, the viscoelastic material used is vulcanized rubber. In this case, it is necessary that the rings be open to allow dilation of the rubber when the shock absorber is working. Thus, when rubber is used, the rings have a groove (16) in the longitudinal direction that communicates an inner face (10) of the ring with an outer face (11) of the ring and extends from the upper face (12) of the ring to the underside (13) of the ring. A sample of these grooved rings, specially designed to be used when working with vulcanized materials, is shown in Figure 2b representing a conical shaped ring of the first embodiment of the invention and in Figures 4c and 4d representing the beveled upper and lower face rings of the second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Amortiguador para absorber energía de deformación en sistemas que oscilan sometidos a cualquier rango de frecuencias, que comprende: 1. Shock absorber to absorb deformation energy in oscillating systems subject to any frequency range, comprising:
una primera base (1);  a first base (1);
una segunda base (2),-y  a second base (2), - and
un cuerpo central (6);  a central body (6);
caracterizado por que: characterized by:
el cuerpo central comprende al menos dos anillos concéntricos que son un primer anillo (3) y un segundo anillo (4), y entre los cuales hay dispuesta una capa de material viscoelástico (5) ;  the central body comprises at least two concentric rings that are a first ring (3) and a second ring (4), and between which a layer of viscoelastic material (5) is arranged;
hay una capa de material viscoelástico entre el anillo que queda adyacente a la primera base (1) y dicha primera base (1); y  there is a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the first base (1) and said first base (1); Y
hay una capa de material viscoelástico entre el anillo que queda adyacente a la segunda base (2) y dicha segunda base (2),  there is a layer of viscoelastic material between the ring that is adjacent to the second base (2) and said second base (2),
donde la primera base (1) y la segunda base (2) son anillos que incorporan elementos de anclaje a la estructura en la que se coloca el amortiguador.  where the first base (1) and the second base (2) are rings that incorporate anchoring elements to the structure in which the shock absorber is placed.
2. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que los anillos tienen forma troncocónica teniendo la pared (7) del anillo el mismo espesor en toda la superficie del anillo. 2. Shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the rings have a conical shape having the wall (7) of the ring the same thickness over the entire surface of the ring.
3. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 2, caracterizado por que los anillos están dispuestos de forma que una parte de diámetro menor (8) situada en la cara superior (12) de un primer anillo (3) se introduce en el interior de un segundo anillo (4) a través de una parte de diámetro mayor (9) situada en la cara inferior (13) de dicho segundo anillo (4) y la capa de material viscoelástico (5) que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara interior (10) de un segundo anillo (4) y la cara exterior (11) de un primer anillo3. Shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that the rings are arranged so that a part of smaller diameter (8) located on the upper face (12) of a first ring (3) is inserted into a second ring (4) through a larger diameter part (9) located on the lower face (13) of said second ring (4) and the material layer viscoelastic (5) between the rings is disposed between the inner face (10) of a second ring (4) and the outer face (11) of a first ring
(3) que se ha introducido en el interior del segundo anillo (4) . (3) that has been introduced inside the second ring (4).
4. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que los anillos tienen forma de arandela con una cara superior (12) y una cara inferior (13) biseladas. 4. Shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the rings are shaped like a washer with an upper face (12) and a lower face (13) beveled.
5. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que los anillos están dispuestos de forma que un primer anillo (3) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el interior se coloca sobre un segundo anillo (4) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el exterior y la capa de material viscoelástico (5) que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara inferior (12) de un primer amillo (3) y la cara superior (13) de un segundo anillo (4) . 5. Shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the rings are arranged so that a first ring (3) having its upper and lower faces (12, 13) beveled inwardly is placed on a second ring (4) which it has its upper and lower faces (12, 13) beveled outwards and the layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the lower face (12) of a first ring (3) and the upper face ( 13) of a second ring (4).
6. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que los anillos están dispuestos de forma que un primer anillo (3) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el exterior se coloca sobre un segundo anillo (4) que tiene sus caras superior e inferior (12, 13) biseladas hacia el interior y la capa de material viscoelástico (5) que hay entre los anillos está dispuesta entre la cara inferior (12) de un primer amillo (3) y la cara superior (13) de un segundo anillo6. Shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the rings are arranged such that a first ring (3) having its upper and lower faces (12, 13) beveled outwardly is placed on a second ring (4) which it has its upper and lower faces (12, 13) beveled inwards and the layer of viscoelastic material (5) between the rings is disposed between the lower face (12) of a first ring (3) and the upper face ( 13) of a second ring
(4) . (4) .
7. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la primera base (1) tiene una primera superficie (14) que queda en contacto con la cara superior (12) de un anillo adyacente a ella y dicha primera superficie7. Shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the first base (1) has a first surface (14) that is in contact with the upper face (12) of a ring adjacent to it and said first surface
(14) tiene una forma cónica con la misma inclinación que la cara superior (12) del anillo adyacente a ella. (14) has a conical shape with the same inclination as the upper face (12) of the ring adjacent to it.
8. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que la segunda base (2) tiene una segunda superficie8. Shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the second base (2) has a second surface
(15) que queda en contacto con la cara inferior (13) de un anillo adyacente a ella y dicha segunda superficie (15) tiene una forma cónica con la misma inclinación que la cara inferior (13) del anillo adyacente a ella. (15) which is in contact with the lower face (13) of a ring adjacent to it and said second surface (15) has a conical shape with the same inclination as the lower face (13) of the ring adjacent to it.
9. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que los anillos son de composite. 9. Shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the rings are made of composite.
10. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que los anillos son de metal o una aleación metálica. 10. Shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the rings are made of metal or a metal alloy.
11. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que el material viscoelástico utilizado es un material vulcanizado. 11. Shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the viscoelastic material used is a vulcanized material.
12. Amortiguador según la reivindicación 11, caracterizado por que los anillos tienen una ranura (16) en dirección longitudinal que comunica una cara interior (10) del anillo con una cara exterior (11) del anillo y que se extiende desde la cara superior (12) del anillo a la cara inferior (13) del anillo. 12. Shock absorber according to claim 11, characterized in that the rings have a groove (16) in the longitudinal direction that communicates an inner face (10) of the ring with an outer face (11) of the ring and extends from the upper face ( 12) from the ring to the underside (13) of the ring.
PCT/ES2011/070907 2010-12-27 2011-12-27 Absorber for dissipating strain energy using viscoelastic material WO2012089885A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201031952A ES2399767B1 (en) 2010-12-27 2010-12-27 SHOCK ABSORBER TO DISSIP DEFORMATION ENERGY USING VISCOELASTIC MATERIAL.
ESP201031952 2010-12-27

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WO2012089885A1 true WO2012089885A1 (en) 2012-07-05

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB432304A (en) * 1934-04-20 1935-07-24 Dunlop Rubber Co Improvements in shock absorbing devices for spring suspensions
US3416783A (en) * 1965-11-19 1968-12-17 Firgat S N C Rubber-metal spring device
GB2204935A (en) * 1987-03-09 1988-11-23 Steven Odobasic Spring damper

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB432304A (en) * 1934-04-20 1935-07-24 Dunlop Rubber Co Improvements in shock absorbing devices for spring suspensions
US3416783A (en) * 1965-11-19 1968-12-17 Firgat S N C Rubber-metal spring device
GB2204935A (en) * 1987-03-09 1988-11-23 Steven Odobasic Spring damper

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ES2399767B1 (en) 2014-02-06

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