WO2012088823A1 - Forming method for microelectromechanical system sensor - Google Patents

Forming method for microelectromechanical system sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012088823A1
WO2012088823A1 PCT/CN2011/074292 CN2011074292W WO2012088823A1 WO 2012088823 A1 WO2012088823 A1 WO 2012088823A1 CN 2011074292 W CN2011074292 W CN 2011074292W WO 2012088823 A1 WO2012088823 A1 WO 2012088823A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dielectric layer
forming
sacrificial layer
groove
interlayer dielectric
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PCT/CN2011/074292
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
毛剑宏
唐德明
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上海丽恒光微电子科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012088823A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012088823A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B81MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
    • B81CPROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • B81C1/00Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
    • B81C1/00865Multistep processes for the separation of wafers into individual elements
    • B81C1/00888Multistep processes involving only mechanical separation, e.g. grooving followed by cleaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing, and in particular to a method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor.
  • MEMS Microelectromechanical System
  • MEMS Microelectromechanical System
  • MEMS Microelectromechanical System
  • MEMS is a micro system that integrates mechanical components, optical systems, drive components, and electronic control systems into one integral unit.
  • MEMS are commonly used in position sensors, rotating devices or sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and sound sensors.
  • a conventional prior art electromechanical sensor typically includes a body and one or more movable members that are suspended discrete structures relative to the body, the movable members being suspended from the cantilever.
  • the gas layer between the movable member, the main body, and the movable member and the main body constitutes a capacitance.
  • the movable member and the main body are relatively movable, and when the movable member and the main body are relatively moved, for example, moving up and down or moving left and right, the capacitance value of the capacitor is changed, so that the continuous measurement of the capacitance value can obtain the The speed or acceleration of the movable member and the body moving relative to the left or right or moving up and down.
  • microelectromechanical sensor for measuring the relative motion between the movable member and the body by measuring the capacitance value is also called a capacitive helium electromechanical sensor. More information on existing MEMS sensors can be found in the US patent document "US2010116057A1".
  • the prior art first forms a number of MEMS sensors on the same substrate, the MEMS sensor comprising a MEMS sensor region and a pad region adjacent to the MEMS sensor region; sensor.
  • the problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor, which reduces the complexity of the fabrication process of the microelectromechanical sensor.
  • the present invention provides a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor, the microelectromechanical sensor including a microelectromechanical sensing region and a pad region adjacent thereto, including:
  • a dielectric layer on the substrate wherein a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the dielectric layer, the first cavity exposing a surface of the microelectromechanical sensing electrode, in the first cavity Forming a movable member, the second cavity exposing the surface of the pad electrode;
  • the adjacent £ electromechanical sensor is diced and separated, the cutting opening extending through at least the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, separating the adjacent MEMS sensor.
  • the microelectromechanical sensing electrode comprises a top electrode and a bottom electrode of the microelectromechanical sensor.
  • the first cavity includes a first groove and a third groove penetrating the first groove
  • the second cavity includes a second groove and a fourth recess penetrating the second groove groove.
  • the dielectric layer comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially located on the substrate.
  • first groove and the second groove are located in the first dielectric layer, and the third groove and the fourth groove are located in the second dielectric layer.
  • the depositing a dielectric layer includes forming a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, and forming a first recess and a second recess in the first interlayer dielectric layer, the first A recess exposes the bottom electrode, and the second recess exposes the pad electrode.
  • first recess and the second recess are respectively filled with a first sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer.
  • the method further includes forming a first conductive plug in the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the first conductive plug is electrically connected to the top electrode.
  • the method further includes forming a movable component on the first interlayer dielectric layer, the movable component being connected to the top electrode through a first conductive plug, wherein one end of the movable component is covered with the first sacrificial layer .
  • the movable component has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, and the movable component has a width ranging from 10 to 1000 micrometers.
  • a second interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the second interlayer dielectric layer covers the movable component.
  • a third groove and a fourth groove are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the first groove and the third groove penetrate, the second groove and the fourth concave The groove is penetrated, and the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively filled with the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer.
  • a third interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the second interlayer dielectric layer, and a first opening and a second opening are formed in the third interlayer dielectric layer, the first opening is exposed The third sacrificial layer, the second opening exposing the third sacrificial layer.
  • the method further includes: introducing the etching gas through the first opening and the second opening, removing the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer, and the fourth sacrificial layer, after removing the sacrificial layer,
  • the first groove and the third groove constitute a first cavity
  • the second groove and the fourth groove constitute a second cavity.
  • the method further includes forming a cover on the third interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a cutting opening by cutting the cover, the cutting opening extending at least through the cover and the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed Finally, the adjacent £ electromechanical sensor is separated by the cutting opening.
  • the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer, and the fourth sacrificial layer are made of one of amorphous carbon, photoresist, polyimide, amorphous silicon, and molybdenum. .
  • the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer are processed by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, and the reaction temperature is 350 to 450 degrees Celsius.
  • the method for removing the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, and the third sacrificial layer is removed by plasma ashing using oxygen ions or nitrogen ions.
  • the material of the first interlayer dielectric layer, the second interlayer dielectric layer, and the third interlayer dielectric layer is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof.
  • the top electrode, the bottom electrode and the pad electrode are made of metal and have a thickness ranging from 0.05 to 10 micrometers, and the metal is silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, platinum, gold, nickel, cobalt or a combination thereof. .
  • the first conductive plug is made of a metal, and the metal is one or more of tungsten, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: by forming a second cavity on the pad region, the second cavity completely exposes the pad electrode, and when the MEMS sensor is subsequently cut, only It is necessary to make the cutting opening penetrate through the second cavity to perform separation, reduce the cutting difficulty of the MEMS sensor, and reduce the cutting cost of the MEMS sensor.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 to FIG. 15 are schematic cross-sectional views showing a method of forming a germanium electromechanical sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the prior art cutting the adjacent microelectromechanical sensor specifically includes forming a cover on the MEMS sensor region and the pad region, and by cutting the cover until the exposed portion of the pad region is completely exposed Pad electrodes to separate adjacent MEMS sensors.
  • the inventors have found that the pad electrode of the pad region is covered with an insulating material, and the insulating material on the pad electrode must be completely removed by wet etching or dry etching to completely expose the solder.
  • the surface of the disk electrode, and due to the large thickness of the insulating material located above the pad electrode, increases the complexity of the cutting process.
  • the present invention provides a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor, the microelectromechanical sensor including a microelectromechanical sensing region and a pad region adjacent thereto, and the forming method includes:
  • the substrate is formed with a plurality of MEMS sensor regions, and a pad region adjacent to each MEMS sensor region, wherein the surface of the MEMS sensing region is formed with a MEMS sensing electrode a pad electrode is formed on a surface of the pad region;
  • a dielectric layer on the substrate wherein a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the dielectric layer, the first cavity exposing a surface of the microelectromechanical sensing electrode, in the first cavity Forming a movable member, the second cavity exposing the surface of the pad electrode;
  • the adjacent £ electromechanical sensor is diced and separated, the cutting opening extending through at least the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, separating the adjacent MEMS sensor.
  • the present invention forms a second cavity on the pad region, the second cavity completely exposing the pad electrode, and when the microelectromechanical sensor is subsequently cut, it is only necessary to make the cutting port penetrate the second cavity Separation can be performed, the cutting difficulty of the MEMS sensor is reduced, and the cutting cost of the MEMS sensor is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically, As shown in Figure 1, it includes:
  • step SI providing a substrate, the substrate is formed with a plurality of MEMS device regions, and a pad region adjacent to each MEMS sensor region, wherein the surface of the MEMS sensing region is formed with a micro-electromechanical transmission a sensing electrode, a surface of the pad region is formed with a pad electrode;
  • Step S2 forming a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, the first interlayer dielectric layer is formed with a first groove and a second groove, the first groove exposing a bottom electrode, The second recess exposes the pad electrode, and the first recess and the second recess are also respectively filled with the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer, and the first inter-layer dielectric layer is further formed with the first a conductive plug, the first conductive plug being electrically connected to the top electrode;
  • Step S3 forming a movable member on the first interlayer dielectric layer, the movable member is connected to the top electrode through the first conductive plug, and one end of the movable member is covered with the first sacrificial layer;
  • Step S4 forming a second interlayer dielectric layer on the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the second interlayer dielectric layer covers the movable component;
  • Step S5 a third groove and a fourth groove are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the first groove and the third groove penetrate, the second groove and the fourth groove Throughout, and the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively filled with a third sacrificial layer and a fourth sacrificial layer;
  • Step S6 forming a third interlayer dielectric layer on the second interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a first opening and a second opening in the third interlayer dielectric layer, the first opening exposing a third sacrificial layer, the second opening exposing the third sacrificial layer;
  • Step S7 the etching gas is introduced through the first opening and the second opening, and the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer are removed, and after the sacrificial layer is removed, the first The groove and the third groove constitute a first cavity, and the second groove and the fourth groove constitute a second cavity;
  • Step S8 forming a cover on the third interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a cutting opening through the cover, the cutting opening at least penetrating the cover and the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, and finally passes The cutting port separates adjacent £ electromechanical sensors.
  • a substrate 100 is provided.
  • the substrate 100 of the present invention may be a semiconductor substrate such as silicon, germanium or gallium arsenide, or the substrate 100 may also be a glass substrate.
  • the substrate 100 is a semiconductor substrate. The following will be described by taking a substrate as a semiconductor substrate as an example.
  • micro-electromechanical devices are formed on the substrate on the substrate 100.
  • the sensor device region 1 each of the microelectromechanical sensor regions is also formed with a pad region 2 adjacent thereto.
  • This figure shows only one MEMS sensor area 1 and its adjacent pad area 2.
  • the pad region 2 is used to connect the MEMS sensor region 1 to an external device.
  • a control circuit (not shown) is formed in the substrate 100, and the control circuit is configured to provide a control signal to each device formed on the semiconductor substrate 100.
  • the control circuit may be formed in the semiconductor substrate and may be formed on the substrate Inside another semiconductor substrate.
  • the control circuit is formed in the semiconductor substrate 100 shown in Fig. 2, which saves chip area and is more suitable for a microdisplay system.
  • the substrate 100 is further formed with electrodes correspondingly connected to the control circuit, including a microelectromechanical sensing electrode located in the microelectromechanical sensor region 1, including a top electrode 120 and a bottom electrode.
  • the material of the pad electrode 110, the top electrode 120, and the bottom electrode 130 is metal.
  • the thickness ranges from 0.05 to 10 microns, and the metal is silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, platinum, gold, nickel, cobalt or a combination thereof.
  • a first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is formed on the substrate 100, and the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 covers the pad electrode 110, the top electrode 120 and the bottom electrode 130 on the substrate 100.
  • the material of the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
  • the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is patterned, and a first recess 210 and a second recess 220 are formed in the first interlayer dielectric layer 200.
  • the first recess 210 exposes the bottom electrode 130, and the first recess 210 may expose the bottom electrode 130 in whole or in part.
  • the second recess 220 exposes the pad electrode 110, and the second recess 220 may expose the pad electrode 110 in whole or in part.
  • a sacrificial layer is filled in the first recess 210 and the second recess 220 to form a first sacrificial layer 211 and a second sacrificial layer 221, respectively.
  • an interlayer dielectric layer is first formed, and then a recess is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill the sacrificial layer.
  • a sacrificial layer may be formed first, and then a recess is formed in the sacrificial layer.
  • the groove forms an interlayer dielectric layer. Because the sacrificial layer is located at a large ratio and the filling difficulty is low, it is preferable to form an interlayer dielectric layer first, and then form a groove in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill Sacrifice layer.
  • the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 formed by filling are filled in a subsequent process.
  • the cavity formed over the bottom electrode 130 and the cavity above the pad electrode 110 are removed by an ashing process or other processes, wherein the cavity on the pad electrode 110 can be easily followed. A dicing process by which the pad electrode 110 is exposed.
  • the sacrificial layer is made of one of amorphous carbon, photoresist, polyimide, amorphous silicon, and molybdenum.
  • the sacrificial layer is made of amorphous carbon, which can be fabricated by a common chemical vapor deposition process in a CMOS process, and can be removed by a plasma ashing process in a CMOS process.
  • the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 may use a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, and the specific parameters are: a temperature range of 350 ° C to 450 ° C,
  • the reaction gases include: C3H6 and HE2.
  • first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 are fabricated by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 may be redundant after deposition.
  • the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 cover the surface of the first interlayer dielectric layer 200, and a planarization process is required to remove excess sacrificial layer on the surface of the first interlayer dielectric layer 200.
  • the planarization process is a chemical mechanical polishing process.
  • the chemical mechanical polishing process is the same as the prior art, and is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is again patterned, an opening is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the opening is metal-filled to form the first conductive plug 230.
  • the bottom of the first conductive plug 230 is electrically connected to the top electrode 120.
  • the material of the first conductive plug 230 is metal, and the metal is one or more of tungsten, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel.
  • a movable member layer 300 of a ⁇ electromechanical sensor is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the material of the movable member layer 300 is metal gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, or the like. It is preferably aluminum.
  • the movable component 300 may also be a conductive non-metal such as polysilicon, amorphous silicon, polysilicon, conductive glass, etc., or a combination of a metal and an insulating medium or a combination of a conductive non-metal and an insulating medium, wherein the insulating member 300
  • the medium may be SiO 2 , SiON, SiN x, SiC, SiOC or the like. Among them, in the case of a metal material, it can be formed by a chemical vapor deposition process.
  • the metal layer is etched to form a movable member 310, and the movable member 310 passes A first conductive plug 230 is coupled to the top electrode 130 and receives a control signal transmitted by a control circuit located within the substrate 100 through the top electrode 130.
  • the movable member 310 simultaneously covers a part of the surface of the first sacrificial layer 230.
  • the movable member 310 has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, and the movable member 310 has a width ranging from 10 to 1000 micrometers.
  • a second interlayer dielectric layer 400 is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 covers the movable member 310.
  • the material of the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
  • the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 is patterned, and a third recess 410 and a fourth recess 420 are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer 400, the first recess
  • the groove and the third groove 410 are penetrated, and the second groove and the fourth groove 420 are penetrated.
  • the movable component 310 is located in the third recess 410, and the dielectric layers of the top and sidewall of the movable component 310 are removed, only the bottom and second interlayer dielectric layer 200 or the first sacrificial layer 220 contact.
  • the sacrificial layer material is filled in the third recess 410 and the fourth recess 420 to form a third sacrificial layer 411 and a fourth sacrificial layer 421, respectively.
  • the third sacrificial layer 411 covers the movable member 310.
  • an interlayer dielectric layer is first formed, and then a recess is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill the sacrificial layer.
  • a sacrificial layer may be formed first, and then a recess is formed in the sacrificial layer.
  • the groove forms an interlayer dielectric layer. Because the sacrificial layer is located at a large ratio and the filling difficulty is low, it is preferable to form an interlayer dielectric layer first, and then form a groove in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill Sacrifice layer.
  • the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 formed by the filling are removed by an ashing process or other processes in a subsequent process to form a cavity above the bottom electrode 130, and located in the pad.
  • the sacrificial layer is made of one of amorphous carbon, photoresist, polyimide, amorphous silicon, and molybdenum.
  • the sacrificial layer is made of amorphous carbon, which can be fabricated by a common chemical vapor deposition process in a CMOS process, and can be removed by a plasma ashing process in a CMOS process.
  • the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 may utilize a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, specifically the temperature range is: 350 ° C ⁇ 450 ° C, the reaction gases include: C3H6 and HE2.
  • PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
  • the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 are fabricated by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 may be redundant after deposition.
  • the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 cover the surface of the second interlayer dielectric layer 400, and a planarization process is required to remove excess sacrificial layer on the surface of the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 to form
  • the flat surface facilitates the subsequent process steps.
  • the flat chemical process is a chemical mechanical polishing process.
  • the chemical mechanical polishing process is the same as the prior art, and is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • a third interlayer dielectric layer 500 is formed on the second interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the third interlayer dielectric layer 500 has a thickness ranging from 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the third interlayer dielectric layer 500 is patterned to form a first opening 510 and a second opening 520.
  • the material of the third interlayer dielectric layer 500 is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
  • the first sacrificial layer 211, the second sacrificial layer 221, the third sacrificial layer 411, and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 are removed by the etching gas passing through the first opening 510 and the second opening 520.
  • the first groove 211, the second groove 221, the third groove 411, and the fourth groove 421 are exposed.
  • the cavity above the bottom electrode 130 is a first cavity
  • the first cavity is a first groove 211 and a third groove 411 penetrating therethrough
  • a cavity above the pad electrode 110 is
  • the second cavity is a second groove 221 and a fourth groove 420 therethrough.
  • the etching of the sacrificial layer is an ashing process using a nitrogen-containing or oxygen-containing plasma.
  • the etching of the sacrificial layer includes an etching method of the first sacrificial layer 211, the second sacrificial layer 221, the third sacrificial layer 411, and the fourth sacrificial layer 421, including: the removing material is Oxygen, the generated plasma is oxygen ions, and the etching process has a temperature range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C. At this temperature, the dense amorphous carbon does not undergo intense combustion, but can be oxidized to carbon dioxide gas.
  • the first sacrificial layer 211, the second sacrificial layer 221, the third sacrificial layer 411, and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 can be completely removed, and the rest of the device is not affected.
  • a cover layer 600 is formed on the third interlayer dielectric layer 500, and the cover layer 600 has a thickness ranging from 1 micrometer to 500 micrometers, and the cover layer 600 is mainly used for covering and protecting the Microelectromechanical sensing area.
  • the cap layer formed on the pad region needs to be removed in a subsequent process.
  • a cutting opening is formed on the cover layer 600, and adjacent ⁇ electromechanical sensors are separated by the cutting opening, wherein the cutting opening penetrates at least the covering layer and the first The two cavities are exposed until the surface of the pad electrode 110 is exposed.
  • the cutting as shown in Fig. 15 can also start from the bottom of the substrate 100 until the second cavity is exposed, so that the microelectromechanical sensor and the microelectromechanical sensor adjacent thereto are separated.
  • the present invention forms a second cavity on the pad region, the second cavity completely exposes the pad electrode, and when the MEMS sensor is subsequently cut, it is only necessary to make the cutting port penetrate the cover and the first
  • the two cavities can be separated, and the wet etching or dry etching is not required to remove the insulating material located on the pad region, the cutting difficulty of the micro electromechanical sensor is reduced, and the micro electromechanical sensor is reduced. Cutting costs.

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Abstract

A forming method for a Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) sensor is provided. The method includes: providing a substrate, on which some MEMS sensor regions and pads adjacent to each MEMS sensor region are formed, wherein the surface of the MEMS sensor regions is formed with MEMS sensor electrodes and the surface of the pads is formed with pad electrodes (S1); depositing a dielectric layer on the substrate, wherein a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the dielectric layer, the first cavity exposes the surface of the MEMS sensor electrodes and a movable part is formed in the first cavity and the second cavity exposes the surface of the pad electrodes (S2); cutting adjacent MEMS sensor regions to separate them, wherein the notch at least penetrates through the second cavity to expose the pad electrodes and separate the adjacent MEMS sensor (S3). That only the notch is need to break through the second cavity can separate the MEMS sensor regions, so that the cutting difficulty of the MEMS sensor is reduced.

Description

微机电传感器的形成方法  Method for forming MEMS sensor
本申请要求于 2010 年 12 月 31 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201010618301.2、 发明名称为'敫机电传感器的形成方法"的中国专利申请的优 先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。  The present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2010-011830, filed on Dec. 31, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
技术领域 Technical field
本发明涉及半导体制造领域, 特别涉及一种微机电传感器的形成方法。  The present invention relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing, and in particular to a method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor.
背景技术 Background technique
MEMS ( Microelectromechanical System, 微机电系统)技术是指对微米 /纳 米( micro/nanotechnology )材料进行设计、 加工、 制造、 测量和控制的技术。 MEMS 是由机械构件、 光学系统、 驱动部件、 电控系统集成为一个整体单元 的微型系统。 MEMS 通常应用在位置传感器、 旋转装置或者传感器中, 例如 加速度传感器、 陀螺仪和声音传感器。  MEMS (Microelectromechanical System) technology refers to the technology of designing, processing, manufacturing, measuring and controlling micro/nanotechnology materials. MEMS is a micro system that integrates mechanical components, optical systems, drive components, and electronic control systems into one integral unit. MEMS are commonly used in position sensors, rotating devices or sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and sound sensors.
现有的一种传统的 机电传感器通常包括主体和一个或多个可动部件,所 述可动部件相对于主体为悬置的分立结构, 可动部件可以由悬臂支撑而成悬 置。 而可动部件、 主体及可动部件和主体之间的气体层构成电容。 所述可动部 件和主体可以相对移动, 当可动部件和主体相对移动, 例如上下移动或者左右 移动, 则所述电容的电容值将发生变化,从而通过连续测量所述电容值可以获 得所述可动部件和主体相对左右运动或者上下移动的速度或加速度。上述通过 测量电容值来测量所述可动部件和主体之间相对运动的微机电传感器也叫做 电容式敫机电传感器。 在美国专利文献 "US2010116057A1" 中可以发现更多 关于现有的微机电传感器的信息。  A conventional prior art electromechanical sensor typically includes a body and one or more movable members that are suspended discrete structures relative to the body, the movable members being suspended from the cantilever. The gas layer between the movable member, the main body, and the movable member and the main body constitutes a capacitance. The movable member and the main body are relatively movable, and when the movable member and the main body are relatively moved, for example, moving up and down or moving left and right, the capacitance value of the capacitor is changed, so that the continuous measurement of the capacitance value can obtain the The speed or acceleration of the movable member and the body moving relative to the left or right or moving up and down. The above-described microelectromechanical sensor for measuring the relative motion between the movable member and the body by measuring the capacitance value is also called a capacitive helium electromechanical sensor. More information on existing MEMS sensors can be found in the US patent document "US2010116057A1".
现有技术首先在同一个基底上形成若干数目的微机电传感器,所述微机电 传感器包括微机电传感器区及与所述微机电传感器区相邻的焊盘区;然后通过 切割形成分立的 £机电传感器。  The prior art first forms a number of MEMS sensors on the same substrate, the MEMS sensor comprising a MEMS sensor region and a pad region adjacent to the MEMS sensor region; sensor.
但是在工艺制造过程中,对于相邻的微机电传感器进行分割的工艺较为繁 瑣, 且切割难度较大。  However, in the process of manufacturing, the process of dividing the adjacent MEMS sensors is cumbersome and difficult to cut.
发明内容 Summary of the invention
本发明解决的问题是提供一种微机电传感器的形成方法,减小了微机电传 感器制作工艺的复杂度。 为解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种微机电传感器的形成方法, 所述微机电 传感器包括微机电传感区及与其相邻的焊盘区, 包括: The problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor, which reduces the complexity of the fabrication process of the microelectromechanical sensor. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor, the microelectromechanical sensor including a microelectromechanical sensing region and a pad region adjacent thereto, including:
提供基底, 所述基底上形成有若干数目的微机电传感器区, 及与每个微机 电传感器区相邻的焊盘区, 所述微机电传感区表面形成有微机电传感电极, 所 述焊盘区表面形成有焊盘电极;  Providing a substrate having a plurality of MEMS sensor regions formed thereon, and a pad region adjacent to each MEMS sensor region, wherein the surface of the MEMS sensing region is formed with a microelectromechanical sensing electrode, a pad electrode is formed on a surface of the pad region;
在所述基底上沉积介质层, 所述介质层内形成有第一空腔及第二空腔, 所 述第一空腔暴露出所述微机电传感电极表面,所述第一空腔内还形成有可动部 件, 所述第二空腔暴露出所述焊盘电极表面;  Depositing a dielectric layer on the substrate, wherein a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the dielectric layer, the first cavity exposing a surface of the microelectromechanical sensing electrode, in the first cavity Forming a movable member, the second cavity exposing the surface of the pad electrode;
对相邻的 £机电传感器进行切割分离, 所述切割口至少贯穿所述第二空 腔, 直至暴露所述焊盘电极, 分离所述相邻的微机电传感器。  The adjacent £ electromechanical sensor is diced and separated, the cutting opening extending through at least the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, separating the adjacent MEMS sensor.
可选的, 所述微机电传感电极包括微机电传感器的顶部电极和底部电极。 可选的, 所述第一空腔包括第一凹槽和与第一凹槽贯穿的第三凹槽, 所述 第二空腔包括第二凹槽和与第二凹槽贯穿的第四凹槽。  Optionally, the microelectromechanical sensing electrode comprises a top electrode and a bottom electrode of the microelectromechanical sensor. Optionally, the first cavity includes a first groove and a third groove penetrating the first groove, the second cavity includes a second groove and a fourth recess penetrating the second groove groove.
可选的, 所述介质层包括依次位于基底上的第一介质层、 第二介质层和第 三介质层。  Optionally, the dielectric layer comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially located on the substrate.
可选的, 所述第一凹槽和第二凹槽位于第一介质层内, 所述第三凹槽和第 四凹槽位于第二介质层内。  Optionally, the first groove and the second groove are located in the first dielectric layer, and the third groove and the fourth groove are located in the second dielectric layer.
可选的, 所述沉积介质层包括在所述基底上形成第一层间介质层, 并在所 述第一层间介质层内形成有第一凹槽和第二凹槽,所述第一凹槽暴露出所述底 部电极, 所述第二凹槽暴露出焊盘电极。  Optionally, the depositing a dielectric layer includes forming a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, and forming a first recess and a second recess in the first interlayer dielectric layer, the first A recess exposes the bottom electrode, and the second recess exposes the pad electrode.
可选的, 所述第一凹槽和第二凹槽内分别填充有第一牺牲层和第二牺牲 层。  Optionally, the first recess and the second recess are respectively filled with a first sacrificial layer and a second sacrificial layer.
可选的,还包括在所述第一层间介质层内形成第一导电插塞, 所述第一导 电插塞与所述顶部电极电连接。  Optionally, the method further includes forming a first conductive plug in the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the first conductive plug is electrically connected to the top electrode.
可选的,还包括在所述第一层间介质层上形成可动部件, 所述可动部件通 过第一导电插塞与顶部电极连接, 所述可动部件的一端覆盖有第一牺牲层。  Optionally, the method further includes forming a movable component on the first interlayer dielectric layer, the movable component being connected to the top electrode through a first conductive plug, wherein one end of the movable component is covered with the first sacrificial layer .
可选的, 所述可动部件的厚度范围为 0.1~50微米, 所述可动部件的宽度 范围为 10~1000微米。  Optionally, the movable component has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, and the movable component has a width ranging from 10 to 1000 micrometers.
可选的,在所述第一层间介质层上形成第二层间介质层, 且所述第二层间 介质层覆盖所述可动部件。 可选的, 在所述第二层间介质层内形成第三凹槽和第四凹槽, 其中, 所述 第一凹槽和第三凹槽贯穿, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽贯穿,且所述第三凹槽和 第四凹槽分别对应填充有第三牺牲层和第四牺牲层。 Optionally, a second interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the second interlayer dielectric layer covers the movable component. Optionally, a third groove and a fourth groove are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the first groove and the third groove penetrate, the second groove and the fourth concave The groove is penetrated, and the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively filled with the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer.
可选的,在所述第二层间介质层上形成第三层间介质层, 并在所述第三层 间介质层内形成第一开口和第二开口, 所述第一开口暴露出所述第三牺牲层, 所述第二开口暴露出所述第三牺牲层。  Optionally, a third interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the second interlayer dielectric layer, and a first opening and a second opening are formed in the third interlayer dielectric layer, the first opening is exposed The third sacrificial layer, the second opening exposing the third sacrificial layer.
可选的,还包括通过第一开口和第二开口通入刻蚀气体, 去除所述第一牺 牲层、 第二牺牲层、 第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层, 去除牺牲层后, 所述第一凹槽 和第三凹槽构成第一空腔, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽构成第二空腔。  Optionally, the method further includes: introducing the etching gas through the first opening and the second opening, removing the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer, and the fourth sacrificial layer, after removing the sacrificial layer, The first groove and the third groove constitute a first cavity, and the second groove and the fourth groove constitute a second cavity.
可选的,还包括在所述第三层间介质层上形成覆盖物, 并通过切割覆盖物 形成切割口,所述切割口至少贯穿覆盖物和第二空腔,直至暴露所述焊盘电极, 最后通过所述切割口分离相邻的 £机电传感器。  Optionally, the method further includes forming a cover on the third interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a cutting opening by cutting the cover, the cutting opening extending at least through the cover and the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed Finally, the adjacent £ electromechanical sensor is separated by the cutting opening.
可选的, 所述第一牺牲层、 第二牺牲层、 第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层的材质 为非晶碳、 光刻胶、 聚酰亚胺、 非晶硅和鉬中的一种。  Optionally, the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer, and the fourth sacrificial layer are made of one of amorphous carbon, photoresist, polyimide, amorphous silicon, and molybdenum. .
可选的, 所述第一牺牲层、 第二牺牲层、 第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层利用等 离子体增强化学气相沉积工艺, 反应温度为 350~450摄氏度。  Optionally, the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer are processed by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, and the reaction temperature is 350 to 450 degrees Celsius.
可选的, 所述第一牺牲层、 第二牺牲层、 第三牺牲层的去除方法为利用氧 离子或氮离子的等离子体灰化去除。  Optionally, the method for removing the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, and the third sacrificial layer is removed by plasma ashing using oxygen ions or nitrogen ions.
可选的, 所述第一层间介质层、 第二层间介质层、 第三层间介质层的材料 为氧化硅、 氮氧化硅、 碳化硅、 氮化硅或者其中的组合。  Optionally, the material of the first interlayer dielectric layer, the second interlayer dielectric layer, and the third interlayer dielectric layer is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a combination thereof.
可选的, 所述顶部电极、 底部电极和焊盘电极材质为金属, 厚度范围为 0.05~10微米, 所述金属为银、 铝、 铜、 钛、 铂金、 金、 镍、 钴或者其中的组 合。  Optionally, the top electrode, the bottom electrode and the pad electrode are made of metal and have a thickness ranging from 0.05 to 10 micrometers, and the metal is silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, platinum, gold, nickel, cobalt or a combination thereof. .
可选的, 所述第一导电插塞的材质为金属, 所述金属为钨、 金、 银、 铜、 铝、 钛、 镍中的一种或多种。  Optionally, the first conductive plug is made of a metal, and the metal is one or more of tungsten, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel.
与现有技术相比, 本发明具有以下优点: 通过在焊盘区上形成第二空腔, 所述第二空腔完全暴露出所述焊盘电极, 在后续进行微机电传感器切割时候, 只需要使得切割口贯穿第二空腔即可进行分离,降低所述微机电传感器的切割 难度, 且降低所述微机电传感器的切割成本。 附图说明 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: by forming a second cavity on the pad region, the second cavity completely exposes the pad electrode, and when the MEMS sensor is subsequently cut, only It is necessary to make the cutting opening penetrate through the second cavity to perform separation, reduce the cutting difficulty of the MEMS sensor, and reduce the cutting cost of the MEMS sensor. DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明一个实施例的微机电传感器的形成方法流程图;  1 is a flow chart showing a method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图 2至图 15为本发明一个实施例的敫机电传感器形成方法剖面示意图。  2 to FIG. 15 are schematic cross-sectional views showing a method of forming a germanium electromechanical sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
现有技术对相邻的微机电传感器进行切割具体地包括在所述微机电传感 器区及焊盘区上形成覆盖物, 并通过切割所述覆盖物, 直至完全暴露出所述焊 盘区上的焊盘电极, 以分离相邻的微机电传感器。发明人发现其中所述焊盘区 的焊盘电极上覆盖有绝缘物质,必须通过湿法刻蚀或者干法刻蚀完全去除位于 所述焊盘电极上的绝缘物质, 才能完全暴露出所述焊盘电极的表面,且由于位 于焊盘电极上方的绝缘物质厚度较大, 增加了所述切割工艺的复杂度。  The prior art cutting the adjacent microelectromechanical sensor specifically includes forming a cover on the MEMS sensor region and the pad region, and by cutting the cover until the exposed portion of the pad region is completely exposed Pad electrodes to separate adjacent MEMS sensors. The inventors have found that the pad electrode of the pad region is covered with an insulating material, and the insulating material on the pad electrode must be completely removed by wet etching or dry etching to completely expose the solder. The surface of the disk electrode, and due to the large thickness of the insulating material located above the pad electrode, increases the complexity of the cutting process.
为解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种微机电传感器的形成方法, 所述微机电 传感器包括微机电传感区及与其相邻的焊盘区, 所述形成方法包括:  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor, the microelectromechanical sensor including a microelectromechanical sensing region and a pad region adjacent thereto, and the forming method includes:
提供基底, 所述基底上形成有若干数目的微机电传感器区, 及与每个微机 电传感器区相邻的的焊盘区, 所述微机电传感区表面形成有微机电传感电极, 所述焊盘区表面形成有焊盘电极;  Providing a substrate, the substrate is formed with a plurality of MEMS sensor regions, and a pad region adjacent to each MEMS sensor region, wherein the surface of the MEMS sensing region is formed with a MEMS sensing electrode a pad electrode is formed on a surface of the pad region;
在所述基底上沉积介质层, 所述介质层内形成有第一空腔及第二空腔, 所 述第一空腔暴露出所述微机电传感电极表面,所述第一空腔内还形成有可动部 件, 所述第二空腔暴露出所述焊盘电极表面;  Depositing a dielectric layer on the substrate, wherein a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the dielectric layer, the first cavity exposing a surface of the microelectromechanical sensing electrode, in the first cavity Forming a movable member, the second cavity exposing the surface of the pad electrode;
对相邻的 £机电传感器进行切割分离, 所述切割口至少贯穿所述第二空 腔, 直至暴露所述焊盘电极, 分离所述相邻的微机电传感器。  The adjacent £ electromechanical sensor is diced and separated, the cutting opening extending through at least the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, separating the adjacent MEMS sensor.
本发明通过在焊盘区上形成第二空腔,所述第二空腔完全暴露出所述焊盘 电极, 在后续进行微机电传感器切割时候, 只需要使得切割口贯穿所述第二空 腔即可进行分离, 降低所述微机电传感器的切割难度,且降低所述微机电传感 器的切割成本。  The present invention forms a second cavity on the pad region, the second cavity completely exposing the pad electrode, and when the microelectromechanical sensor is subsequently cut, it is only necessary to make the cutting port penetrate the second cavity Separation can be performed, the cutting difficulty of the MEMS sensor is reduced, and the cutting cost of the MEMS sensor is reduced.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂, 下面结合附图对 本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在以下描述中阐述了具体细节以便于充 分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以多种不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施, 本 领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广。因此本发明不受 下面公开的具体实施的限制。  The above described objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the aspects of the appended claims. Specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in a variety of other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar promotion without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
图 1是本发明一个实施例的微机电传感器形成方法流程示意图,具体地如 图 1所示, 包括: 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, specifically, As shown in Figure 1, it includes:
执行步骤 SI , 提供基底, 所述基底上形成有若干数目的微机电传感器件 区,及与每个微机电传感器区相邻的焊盘区, 所述微机电传感区表面形成有微 机电传感电极, 所述焊盘区表面形成有焊盘电极;  Performing step SI, providing a substrate, the substrate is formed with a plurality of MEMS device regions, and a pad region adjacent to each MEMS sensor region, wherein the surface of the MEMS sensing region is formed with a micro-electromechanical transmission a sensing electrode, a surface of the pad region is formed with a pad electrode;
执行步骤 S2, 在所述基底上形成第一层间介质层, 所述第一层间介质层 形成有第一凹槽和第二凹槽, 所述第一凹槽暴露出底部电极, 所述第二凹槽暴 露出焊盘电极,所述第一凹槽和第二凹槽还分别填充形成有第一牺牲层和第二 牺牲层, 所述第一层间介质层内还形成有第一导电插塞, 所述第一导电插塞与 顶部电极电连接;  Step S2, forming a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, the first interlayer dielectric layer is formed with a first groove and a second groove, the first groove exposing a bottom electrode, The second recess exposes the pad electrode, and the first recess and the second recess are also respectively filled with the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer, and the first inter-layer dielectric layer is further formed with the first a conductive plug, the first conductive plug being electrically connected to the top electrode;
执行步骤 S3 , 在所述第一层间介质层上形成可动部件, 所述可动部件通 过第一导电插塞与顶部电极连接, 且所述可动部件的一端覆盖有第一牺牲层; 执行步骤 S4, 在所述第一层间介质层上形成第二层间介质层, 且所述第 二层间介质层覆盖所述可动部件;  Step S3, forming a movable member on the first interlayer dielectric layer, the movable member is connected to the top electrode through the first conductive plug, and one end of the movable member is covered with the first sacrificial layer; Step S4, forming a second interlayer dielectric layer on the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the second interlayer dielectric layer covers the movable component;
执行步骤 S5, 在所述第二层间介质层内形成有第三凹槽和第四凹槽, 其 中, 第一凹槽和第三凹槽贯穿, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽贯穿, 且所述第三凹 槽和第四凹槽分别对应填充有第三牺牲层和第四牺牲层;  Step S5, a third groove and a fourth groove are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the first groove and the third groove penetrate, the second groove and the fourth groove Throughout, and the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively filled with a third sacrificial layer and a fourth sacrificial layer;
执行步骤 S6, 在所述第二层间介质层上形成第三层间介质层, 并在所述 第三层间介质层内形成第一开口和第二开口,所述第一开口暴露出所述第三牺 牲层, 所述第二开口暴露出所述第三牺牲层;  Step S6, forming a third interlayer dielectric layer on the second interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a first opening and a second opening in the third interlayer dielectric layer, the first opening exposing a third sacrificial layer, the second opening exposing the third sacrificial layer;
执行步骤 S7, 通过第一开口和第二开口通入刻蚀气体, 去除所述第一牺 牲层、 第二牺牲层、 第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层, 去除牺牲层后, 所述第一凹槽 和第三凹槽构成第一空腔, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽构成第二空腔;  Step S7, the etching gas is introduced through the first opening and the second opening, and the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer are removed, and after the sacrificial layer is removed, the first The groove and the third groove constitute a first cavity, and the second groove and the fourth groove constitute a second cavity;
执行步骤 S8, 在所述第三层间介质层上形成覆盖物, 并通过覆盖物形成 切割口, 所述切割口至少贯穿覆盖物和第二空腔, 直至暴露所述焊盘电极, 最 后通过所述切割口分离相邻的 £机电传感器。  Step S8, forming a cover on the third interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a cutting opening through the cover, the cutting opening at least penetrating the cover and the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, and finally passes The cutting port separates adjacent £ electromechanical sensors.
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。首先,如图 2所示,提供基底 100, 本发明所述的基底 100可以为半导体基底, 例如硅、 锗、 砷化镓, 或者所述基 底 100还可以为玻璃基底。 本实施例中, 所述基底 100为半导体基底。 后续将 以基底为半导体基底为例, 进行说明。  The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, as shown in Fig. 2, a substrate 100 is provided. The substrate 100 of the present invention may be a semiconductor substrate such as silicon, germanium or gallium arsenide, or the substrate 100 may also be a glass substrate. In this embodiment, the substrate 100 is a semiconductor substrate. The following will be described by taking a substrate as a semiconductor substrate as an example.
继续参考图 1 , 所述基底 100上所述基底上形成有 2个数目以上的微机电 传感器件区 1 , 每个微机电传感器区还形成有与其相邻的焊盘区 2。 本图仅示 出了一个微机电传感器区 1及与其相邻的焊盘区 2。 所述焊盘区 2用于将微机 电传感器区 1与外部器件进行对应连接。 With continued reference to FIG. 1, two or more micro-electromechanical devices are formed on the substrate on the substrate 100. The sensor device region 1, each of the microelectromechanical sensor regions is also formed with a pad region 2 adjacent thereto. This figure shows only one MEMS sensor area 1 and its adjacent pad area 2. The pad region 2 is used to connect the MEMS sensor region 1 to an external device.
其中, 所述基底 100内形成有控制电路(未图示), 所述控制电路用于向 半导体基底 100上形成的各个器件提供控制信号,所述控制电路可以形成于半 导体基底内, 可以形成于另一个半导体基底内。 作为优选的实施例, 所述控制 电路形成于图 2示出的半导体基底 100内, 这样节约芯片面积, 更适合于微显 示系统。  A control circuit (not shown) is formed in the substrate 100, and the control circuit is configured to provide a control signal to each device formed on the semiconductor substrate 100. The control circuit may be formed in the semiconductor substrate and may be formed on the substrate Inside another semiconductor substrate. As a preferred embodiment, the control circuit is formed in the semiconductor substrate 100 shown in Fig. 2, which saves chip area and is more suitable for a microdisplay system.
继续参考图 2,所述基底 100上还形成有与所述控制电路对应连接的电极, 包括位于微机电传感器区 1的微机电传感电极,包括顶部电极 120及底部电极 With continued reference to FIG. 2, the substrate 100 is further formed with electrodes correspondingly connected to the control circuit, including a microelectromechanical sensing electrode located in the microelectromechanical sensor region 1, including a top electrode 120 and a bottom electrode.
130, 及位于所述焊盘区 2的焊盘电极 110。 130, and a pad electrode 110 located in the pad region 2.
作为一个实施例, 所述焊盘电极 110、 顶部电极 120、 底部电极 130的材 质为金属。 厚度范围为 0.05~10微米, 所述金属为银、 铝、 铜、 钛、 铂金、 金、 镍、 钴或者其中的组合。  As an embodiment, the material of the pad electrode 110, the top electrode 120, and the bottom electrode 130 is metal. The thickness ranges from 0.05 to 10 microns, and the metal is silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, platinum, gold, nickel, cobalt or a combination thereof.
如图 3所示, 在所述基底 100上形成第一层间介质层 200, 所述第一层间 介质层 200覆盖位于所述基底 100上的焊盘电极 110, 顶部电极 120和底部电 极 130。 所述第一层间介质层 200的材质为氧化硅、 氮氧化硅、 碳化硅、 氮化 硅或者其中的组合。  As shown in FIG. 3, a first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is formed on the substrate 100, and the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 covers the pad electrode 110, the top electrode 120 and the bottom electrode 130 on the substrate 100. . The material of the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
如图 4所示, 图案化所述第一层间介质层 200, 在第一层间介质层 200内 形成第一凹槽 210和第二凹槽 220。 其中, 所述第一凹槽 210暴露出所述底部 电极 130, 所述第一凹槽 210可以全部或者部分暴露出所述底部电极 130。 所 述第二凹槽 220暴露出焊盘电极 110, 所述第二凹槽 220可以全部或者部分暴 露出所述焊盘电极 110。  As shown in FIG. 4, the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is patterned, and a first recess 210 and a second recess 220 are formed in the first interlayer dielectric layer 200. The first recess 210 exposes the bottom electrode 130, and the first recess 210 may expose the bottom electrode 130 in whole or in part. The second recess 220 exposes the pad electrode 110, and the second recess 220 may expose the pad electrode 110 in whole or in part.
如图 5所示, 在所述第一凹槽 210和第二凹槽 220内填充牺牲层, 分别形 成第一牺牲层 211和第二牺牲层 221。 本实施例为首先形成层间介质层, 接着 在层间介质层内形成凹槽以填充牺牲层,作为其他实施例,还可以首先形成牺 牲层, 接着在牺牲层内形成凹槽, 最后对所述凹槽形成层间介质层, 因为所述 牺牲层所在的比例较大, 填充难度较低, 所以优选地, 首先形成层间介质层, 再在所述层间介质层内形成凹槽以填充牺牲层。  As shown in FIG. 5, a sacrificial layer is filled in the first recess 210 and the second recess 220 to form a first sacrificial layer 211 and a second sacrificial layer 221, respectively. In this embodiment, an interlayer dielectric layer is first formed, and then a recess is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill the sacrificial layer. As another embodiment, a sacrificial layer may be formed first, and then a recess is formed in the sacrificial layer. The groove forms an interlayer dielectric layer. Because the sacrificial layer is located at a large ratio and the filling difficulty is low, it is preferable to form an interlayer dielectric layer first, and then form a groove in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill Sacrifice layer.
其中, 填充形成的第一牺牲层 211和第二牺牲层 221 , 在后续的工艺中将 通过灰化工艺或其他的工艺去除, 以在所述底部电极 130上方形成的空腔,及 位于焊盘电极 110上方的空腔,其中位于所述焊盘电极 110上的空腔可以易于 后续的切割工艺, 通过所述切割工艺即可暴露出所述焊盘电极 110。 Wherein, the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 formed by filling are filled in a subsequent process. The cavity formed over the bottom electrode 130 and the cavity above the pad electrode 110 are removed by an ashing process or other processes, wherein the cavity on the pad electrode 110 can be easily followed. A dicing process by which the pad electrode 110 is exposed.
作为本发明的优选实施例, 所述牺牲层的材质为非晶碳、 光刻胶、 聚酰亚 胺、 非晶硅和鉬中的一种。 本实施例中, 所述牺牲层的材质为非晶碳, 其可以 利用 CMOS工艺中的普通的化学气相沉积工艺制作, 并且可以利用 CMOS工 艺中的等离子体灰化工艺去除。  As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sacrificial layer is made of one of amorphous carbon, photoresist, polyimide, amorphous silicon, and molybdenum. In this embodiment, the sacrificial layer is made of amorphous carbon, which can be fabricated by a common chemical vapor deposition process in a CMOS process, and can be removed by a plasma ashing process in a CMOS process.
具体地,作为一个实施例, 所述第一牺牲层 211和第二牺牲层 221可以利 用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD ) 工艺, 具体地参数为: 温度范围为 350°C~450°C , 反应气体包括: C3H6和 HE2。  Specifically, as an embodiment, the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 may use a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, and the specific parameters are: a temperature range of 350 ° C to 450 ° C, The reaction gases include: C3H6 and HE2.
由于所述第一牺牲层 211和第二牺牲层 221是利用等离子体增强化学气相 沉积工艺制作, 因此, 所述第一牺牲层 211和第二牺牲层 221在沉积完毕后, 可能会有多余的第一牺牲层 211和第二牺牲层 221覆盖在所述第一层间层间介 质层 200表面, 需要进行平坦化工艺,去除位于所述第一层间介质层 200表面 的多余的牺牲层, 以形成平整的表面, 有利于后续工艺步骤的进行。 所述平坦 化工艺为化学机械研磨工艺。所述化学机械研磨工艺与现有技术相同,作为本 领域技术人员的公知技术, 在此不做详细地说明。  Since the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 are fabricated by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, the first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 may be redundant after deposition. The first sacrificial layer 211 and the second sacrificial layer 221 cover the surface of the first interlayer dielectric layer 200, and a planarization process is required to remove excess sacrificial layer on the surface of the first interlayer dielectric layer 200. In order to form a flat surface, it is advantageous for the subsequent process steps. The planarization process is a chemical mechanical polishing process. The chemical mechanical polishing process is the same as the prior art, and is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
如图 6所示,再次对所述第一层间介质层 200再次进行图案化处理, 在所 述层间介质层 200内形成开口,并对所述开口进行金属填充形成第一导电插塞 230, 所述第一导电插塞 230的底部与顶部电极 120电连接。 所述第一导电插 塞 230的材质为金属, 所述金属为钨、 金、 银、 铜、 铝、 钛、 镍中的一种或多 种。  As shown in FIG. 6, the first interlayer dielectric layer 200 is again patterned, an opening is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the opening is metal-filled to form the first conductive plug 230. The bottom of the first conductive plug 230 is electrically connected to the top electrode 120. The material of the first conductive plug 230 is metal, and the metal is one or more of tungsten, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel.
如图 7所示,在所述第一层间介质层 200上形成敫机电传感器的可动部件 层 300, 所述可动部件层 300的材质为金属金、 银、 铜、 铝、 钛等, 优选为铝。 所述可动部件 300还可以为导电非金属, 如多晶硅、 非晶硅、 多晶锗硅、 导电 玻璃等, 也可以是金属和绝缘介质的组合或者导电非金属和绝缘介质的组合, 其中绝缘介质可以是 Si02、 SiON、 SiNx、 SiC、 SiOC等。 其中, 若为金属材 质, 则可以利用化学气相沉积工艺形成。  As shown in FIG. 7, a movable member layer 300 of a 敫 electromechanical sensor is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the material of the movable member layer 300 is metal gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, or the like. It is preferably aluminum. The movable component 300 may also be a conductive non-metal such as polysilicon, amorphous silicon, polysilicon, conductive glass, etc., or a combination of a metal and an insulating medium or a combination of a conductive non-metal and an insulating medium, wherein the insulating member 300 The medium may be SiO 2 , SiON, SiN x, SiC, SiOC or the like. Among them, in the case of a metal material, it can be formed by a chemical vapor deposition process.
参考图 8, 刻蚀所述金属层, 形成可动部件 310, 所述可动部件 310通过 第一导电插塞 230与所述顶部电极 130连接, 并通过所述顶部电极 130, 接收 位于基底 100内的控制电路传输的控制信号。所述可动部件 310同时覆盖所述 第一牺牲层 230的部分表面。 所述可动部件 310的厚度范围为 0.1~50微米, 所述可动部件 310的宽度范围为 10~1000微米。 Referring to FIG. 8, the metal layer is etched to form a movable member 310, and the movable member 310 passes A first conductive plug 230 is coupled to the top electrode 130 and receives a control signal transmitted by a control circuit located within the substrate 100 through the top electrode 130. The movable member 310 simultaneously covers a part of the surface of the first sacrificial layer 230. The movable member 310 has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, and the movable member 310 has a width ranging from 10 to 1000 micrometers.
如图 9所示, 在所述第一层间介质层 200上形成第二层间介质层 400, 同 时所述第二层间介质层 400覆盖所述可动部件 310。 所述第二层间介质层 400 的材质为氧化硅、 氮氧化硅、 碳化硅、 氮化硅或者其中的组合。  As shown in FIG. 9, a second interlayer dielectric layer 400 is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 covers the movable member 310. The material of the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
如图 10所示, 对所述第二层间介质层 400进行图案化处理, 在所述第二 层间介质层 400内形成第三凹槽 410和第四凹槽 420, 所述第一凹槽和第三凹 槽 410贯穿, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽 420贯穿。所述可动部件 310位于所述 第三凹槽 410内, 所述可动部件 310的顶部和侧壁的介质层均已去除,仅底部 和第二层间介质层 200或第一牺牲层 220接触。  As shown in FIG. 10, the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 is patterned, and a third recess 410 and a fourth recess 420 are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer 400, the first recess The groove and the third groove 410 are penetrated, and the second groove and the fourth groove 420 are penetrated. The movable component 310 is located in the third recess 410, and the dielectric layers of the top and sidewall of the movable component 310 are removed, only the bottom and second interlayer dielectric layer 200 or the first sacrificial layer 220 contact.
如图 11所示, 对所述第三凹槽 410和第四凹槽 420内填充牺牲层材料, 分别形成第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421。 所述第三牺牲层 411覆盖所述可 动部件 310。  As shown in FIG. 11, the sacrificial layer material is filled in the third recess 410 and the fourth recess 420 to form a third sacrificial layer 411 and a fourth sacrificial layer 421, respectively. The third sacrificial layer 411 covers the movable member 310.
本实施例为首先形成层间介质层,接着在层间介质层内形成凹槽以填充牺 牲层, 作为其他实施例, 还可以首先形成牺牲层, 接着在牺牲层内形成凹槽, 最后对所述凹槽形成层间介质层, 因为所述牺牲层所在的比例较大, 填充难度 较低, 所以优选地, 首先形成层间介质层, 再在所述层间介质层内形成凹槽以 填充牺牲层。  In this embodiment, an interlayer dielectric layer is first formed, and then a recess is formed in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill the sacrificial layer. As another embodiment, a sacrificial layer may be formed first, and then a recess is formed in the sacrificial layer. The groove forms an interlayer dielectric layer. Because the sacrificial layer is located at a large ratio and the filling difficulty is low, it is preferable to form an interlayer dielectric layer first, and then form a groove in the interlayer dielectric layer to fill Sacrifice layer.
其中, 填充形成的第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421 , 在后续的工艺中将 通过灰化工艺或其他的工艺去除, 以在所述底部电极 130上方形成的空腔,及 位于焊盘电极 110上方的空腔,其中位于所述焊盘电极 110上的空腔可以易于 后续的切割工艺, 通过所述切割工艺即可暴露出所述焊盘电极 110。  The third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 formed by the filling are removed by an ashing process or other processes in a subsequent process to form a cavity above the bottom electrode 130, and located in the pad. A cavity above the electrode 110, wherein the cavity on the pad electrode 110 can facilitate a subsequent dicing process by which the pad electrode 110 can be exposed.
作为本发明的优选实施例, 所述牺牲层的材质为非晶碳、 光刻胶、 聚酰亚 胺、 非晶硅和鉬中的一种。 本实施例中, 所述牺牲层的材质为非晶碳, 其可以 利用 CMOS工艺中的普通的化学气相沉积工艺制作, 并且可以利用 CMOS工 艺中的等离子体灰化工艺去除。  As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sacrificial layer is made of one of amorphous carbon, photoresist, polyimide, amorphous silicon, and molybdenum. In this embodiment, the sacrificial layer is made of amorphous carbon, which can be fabricated by a common chemical vapor deposition process in a CMOS process, and can be removed by a plasma ashing process in a CMOS process.
具体地,作为一个实施例, 所述第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421可以利 用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD ) 工艺, 具体地参数为: 温度范围为 350°C~450°C , 反应气体包括: C3H6和 HE2。 Specifically, as an embodiment, the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 may utilize a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, specifically the temperature range is: 350 ° C ~ 450 ° C, the reaction gases include: C3H6 and HE2.
由于所述第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421是利用等离子体增强化学气相 沉积工艺制作, 因此, 所述第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421在沉积完毕后, 可能会有多余的第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421覆盖在所述第二层间介质层 400表面, 需要进行平坦化工艺, 去除位于所述第二层间介质层 400表面的多 余的牺牲层, 以形成平整的表面, 有利于后续工艺步骤的进行。 所述平坦化工 艺为化学机械研磨工艺。所述化学机械研磨工艺与现有技术相同,作为本领域 技术人员的公知技术, 在此不做详细地说明。  Since the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 are fabricated by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, the third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 may be redundant after deposition. The third sacrificial layer 411 and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 cover the surface of the second interlayer dielectric layer 400, and a planarization process is required to remove excess sacrificial layer on the surface of the second interlayer dielectric layer 400 to form The flat surface facilitates the subsequent process steps. The flat chemical process is a chemical mechanical polishing process. The chemical mechanical polishing process is the same as the prior art, and is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
如图 12所示, 在所述第二层间介质层 200上形成第三层间介质层 500, 所述第三层间介质层 500的厚度范围为 0.1微米 ~10微米。 并对所述第三层间 介质层 500进行图案化处理, 形成第一开口 510和第二开口 520。 所述第三层 间介质层 500的材质为氧化硅、 氮氧化硅、 碳化硅、 氮化硅或者其中的组合。  As shown in FIG. 12, a third interlayer dielectric layer 500 is formed on the second interlayer dielectric layer 200, and the third interlayer dielectric layer 500 has a thickness ranging from 0.1 μm to 10 μm. The third interlayer dielectric layer 500 is patterned to form a first opening 510 and a second opening 520. The material of the third interlayer dielectric layer 500 is silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
如图 13所示, 通过所述第一开口 510和第二开口 520通入刻蚀气体, 去 除所述第一牺牲层 211、 第二牺牲层 221、 第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421 , 暴露出所述第一凹槽 211、 第二凹槽 221、 第三凹槽 411及第四凹槽 421。 位 于所述底部电极 130上方的空腔为第一空腔,所述第一空腔为第一凹槽 211和 与其贯穿的第三凹槽 411 , 位于所述焊盘电极 110上方的空腔为第二空腔, 所 述第二空腔为第二凹槽 221和与其贯穿的第四凹槽 420。  As shown in FIG. 13, the first sacrificial layer 211, the second sacrificial layer 221, the third sacrificial layer 411, and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 are removed by the etching gas passing through the first opening 510 and the second opening 520. The first groove 211, the second groove 221, the third groove 411, and the fourth groove 421 are exposed. The cavity above the bottom electrode 130 is a first cavity, the first cavity is a first groove 211 and a third groove 411 penetrating therethrough, and a cavity above the pad electrode 110 is The second cavity is a second groove 221 and a fourth groove 420 therethrough.
所述牺牲层的刻蚀为利用含氮或含氧的等离子体进行的灰化工艺。所述作 为一个实施例, 所述牺牲层的刻蚀, 包括第一牺牲层 211、 第二牺牲层 221、 第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421的刻蚀方法包括: 所述去除材料为氧气, 产 生的等离子体为氧离子, 所述刻蚀工艺的温度范围为 150°C~450°C , 在此温度 下, 致密非晶碳并不会发生剧烈燃烧, 而可以被氧化成二氧化碳气体, 第一牺 牲层 211、 第二牺牲层 221、 第三牺牲层 411和第四牺牲层 421能够彻底地去 除, 而器件的其余部分并不会受到影响。  The etching of the sacrificial layer is an ashing process using a nitrogen-containing or oxygen-containing plasma. As an embodiment, the etching of the sacrificial layer includes an etching method of the first sacrificial layer 211, the second sacrificial layer 221, the third sacrificial layer 411, and the fourth sacrificial layer 421, including: the removing material is Oxygen, the generated plasma is oxygen ions, and the etching process has a temperature range of 150 ° C to 450 ° C. At this temperature, the dense amorphous carbon does not undergo intense combustion, but can be oxidized to carbon dioxide gas. The first sacrificial layer 211, the second sacrificial layer 221, the third sacrificial layer 411, and the fourth sacrificial layer 421 can be completely removed, and the rest of the device is not affected.
如图 14所示, 在所述第三层间介质层 500上形成覆盖层 600, 所述覆盖 层 600的厚度范围为 1微米 ~500微米, 所述覆盖层 600主要用于覆盖并保护 所述微机电传感区。 形成在焊盘区上的覆盖层在后续工艺中需要被去除。  As shown in FIG. 14, a cover layer 600 is formed on the third interlayer dielectric layer 500, and the cover layer 600 has a thickness ranging from 1 micrometer to 500 micrometers, and the cover layer 600 is mainly used for covering and protecting the Microelectromechanical sensing area. The cap layer formed on the pad region needs to be removed in a subsequent process.
如图 15所示, 在所述覆盖层 600上形成切割口, 并通过所述切割口对相 邻的敫机电传感器进行分离, 其中, 所述切割口至少贯穿所述覆盖层和所述第 二空腔, 直至暴露出所述焊盘电极 110的表面。 As shown in FIG. 15, a cutting opening is formed on the cover layer 600, and adjacent 敫 electromechanical sensors are separated by the cutting opening, wherein the cutting opening penetrates at least the covering layer and the first The two cavities are exposed until the surface of the pad electrode 110 is exposed.
进一步地, 如图 15所示所述切割还可以从所述基底 100的底部开始, 直 至暴露出所述第二空腔,使得所述微机电传感器和与其相邻的微机电传感器分 离。  Further, the cutting as shown in Fig. 15 can also start from the bottom of the substrate 100 until the second cavity is exposed, so that the microelectromechanical sensor and the microelectromechanical sensor adjacent thereto are separated.
本发明通过在焊盘区上形成第二空腔,所述第二空腔完全暴露出所述焊盘 电极, 在后续进行微机电传感器切割时候, 只需要使得切割口贯穿所述覆盖物 及第二空腔即可进行分离,不需要采用湿法刻蚀或者干法刻蚀去除位于所述焊 盘区上的绝缘物质, 降低所述微机电传感器的切割难度,且降低所述微机电传 感器的切割成本。  The present invention forms a second cavity on the pad region, the second cavity completely exposes the pad electrode, and when the MEMS sensor is subsequently cut, it is only necessary to make the cutting port penetrate the cover and the first The two cavities can be separated, and the wet etching or dry etching is not required to remove the insulating material located on the pad region, the cutting difficulty of the micro electromechanical sensor is reduced, and the micro electromechanical sensor is reduced. Cutting costs.
本发明虽然以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并不是用来限定本发明,任何本 领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内, 都可以做出可能的变动和修 改, 因此本发明的保护范围应当以本发明权利要求所界定的范围为准。  The present invention has been disclosed in the above preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the invention, and the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection should be determined by the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 Rights request
1、 一种微机电传感器的形成方法, 所述微机电传感器包括微机电传感区 及与其相邻的焊盘区, 其特征在于, 包括:  A method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor, the MEMS sensor comprising a MEMS sensing region and a pad region adjacent thereto, and comprising:
提供基底, 所述基底上形成有若干数目的微机电传感器区,及与每个微机 电传感器区相邻的焊盘区, 所述微机电传感区表面形成有微机电传感电极, 所 述焊盘区表面形成有焊盘电极;  Providing a substrate having a plurality of microelectromechanical sensor regions formed thereon, and a pad region adjacent to each of the microelectromechanical sensor regions, wherein the surface of the microelectromechanical sensing region is formed with a microelectromechanical sensing electrode, a pad electrode is formed on a surface of the pad region;
在所述基底上沉积介质层, 所述介质层内形成有第一空腔及第二空腔, 所 述第一空腔暴露出所述微机电传感电极表面,所述第一空腔内还形成有可动部 件, 所述第二空腔暴露出所述焊盘电极表面;  Depositing a dielectric layer on the substrate, wherein a first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the dielectric layer, the first cavity exposing a surface of the microelectromechanical sensing electrode, in the first cavity Forming a movable member, the second cavity exposing the surface of the pad electrode;
对相邻的微机电传感器进行切割分离, 所述切割口至少贯穿所述第二空 腔, 直至暴露所述焊盘电极, 分离所述相邻的微机电传感器。  An adjacent microelectromechanical sensor is diced and separated, the cutting opening extending through at least the second cavity until the pad electrode is exposed, separating the adjacent MEMS sensor.
2、 如权利要求 1所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述微 机电传感电极包括微机电传感器的顶部电极和底部电极。  2. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the microelectromechanical sensing electrode comprises a top electrode and a bottom electrode of the microelectromechanical sensor.
3、 如权利要求 1所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述第 一空腔包括第一凹槽和与第一凹槽贯穿的第三凹槽,所述第二空腔包括第二凹 槽和与第二凹槽贯穿的第四凹槽。  3. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first cavity comprises a first groove and a third groove penetrating the first groove, the second cavity A second groove and a fourth groove penetrating the second groove are included.
4、 如权利要求 3所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述介 质层包括依次位于基底上的第一介质层、 第二介质层和第三介质层。  4. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 3, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third dielectric layer sequentially on the substrate.
5、 如权利要求 4所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述第 一凹槽和第二凹槽位于第一介质层内 ,所述第三凹槽和第四凹槽位于第二介质 层内。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 4, wherein the first groove and the second groove are located in the first dielectric layer, and the third groove and the fourth groove are located Within the second dielectric layer.
6、 如权利要求 5所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述沉 积介质层包括在所述基底上形成第一层间介质层,并在所述第一层间介质层内 形成有第一凹槽和第二凹槽, 所述第一凹槽暴露出所述底部电极, 所述第二凹 槽暴露出焊盘电极。  6. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 5, wherein the depositing the dielectric layer comprises forming a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, and in the first interlayer dielectric layer A first recess and a second recess are formed, the first recess exposing the bottom electrode, and the second recess exposing the pad electrode.
7、 如权利要求 6所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 在所述 第一凹槽和第二凹槽内分别填充第一牺牲层和第二牺牲层。  7. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 6, wherein the first sacrificial layer and the second sacrificial layer are filled in the first recess and the second recess, respectively.
8、 如权利要求 7所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 还包括 在所述第一层间介质层内形成第一导电插塞,所述第一导电插塞与所述顶部电 极电连接。 8. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 7, further comprising forming a first conductive plug in the first interlayer dielectric layer, the first conductive plug and the top The electrodes are electrically connected.
9、 如权利要求 8所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 还包括 在所述第一层间介质层上形成可动部件,所述可动部件通过第一导电插塞与顶 部电极连接, 所述可动部件的一端覆盖有第一牺牲层。 9. The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 8, further comprising forming a movable member on the first interlayer dielectric layer, the movable member passing through the first conductive plug and the top The electrodes are connected, and one end of the movable member is covered with a first sacrificial layer.
10、 如权利要求 9所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述可 动部件的厚度范围为 0.1~50微米,所述可动部件的宽度范围为 10~1000微米。  The method of forming a MEMS sensor according to claim 9, wherein the movable member has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 50 μm, and the movable member has a width ranging from 10 to 1000 μm.
11、 如权利要求 10所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 在所 述第一层间介质层上形成第二层间介质层,且所述第二层间介质层覆盖所述可 动部件。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 10, wherein a second interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the first interlayer dielectric layer, and the second interlayer dielectric layer covers the Movable parts.
12、 如权利要求 11所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 在所 述第二层间介质层内形成第三凹槽和第四凹槽, 其中, 所述第一凹槽和第三凹 槽贯穿, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽贯穿,且所述第三凹槽和第四凹槽分别对应 填充有第三牺牲层和第四牺牲层。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 11, wherein a third groove and a fourth groove are formed in the second interlayer dielectric layer, wherein the first groove and The third groove penetrates, the second groove and the fourth groove penetrate, and the third groove and the fourth groove are respectively filled with the third sacrificial layer and the fourth sacrificial layer.
13、 如权利要求 12所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 在所 述第二层间介质层上形成第三层间介质层,并在所述第三层间介质层内形成第 一开口和第二开口, 所述第一开口暴露出所述第三牺牲层, 所述第二开口暴露 出所述第三牺牲层。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 12, wherein a third interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the second interlayer dielectric layer and formed in the third interlayer dielectric layer a first opening and a second opening, the first opening exposing the third sacrificial layer, and the second opening exposing the third sacrificial layer
14、 如权利要求 13所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 还包 括通过第一开口和第二开口通入刻蚀气体,去除所述第一牺牲层、第二牺牲层、 第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层,去除牺牲层后, 所述第一凹槽和第三凹槽构成第一 空腔, 所述第二凹槽和第四凹槽构成第二空腔。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 13, further comprising: introducing an etching gas through the first opening and the second opening to remove the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, After the sacrificial layer is removed, the first recess and the third recess constitute a first cavity, and the second recess and the fourth recess constitute a second cavity.
15、 如权利要求 14所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 还包 括在所述第三层间介质层上形成覆盖物, 并通过切割覆盖物形成切割口, 所述 切割口至少贯穿覆盖物和第二空腔, 直至暴露所述焊盘电极, 最后通过所述切 割口分离相邻的敫机电传感器。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 14, further comprising forming a cover on the third interlayer dielectric layer, and forming a cutting opening by cutting the cover, the cutting opening being at least The cover and the second cavity are passed through until the pad electrode is exposed, and the adjacent germanium electromechanical sensor is finally separated by the cutting port.
16、 如权利要求 15所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第一牺牲层、第二牺牲层、第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层的材质为非晶碳、光刻胶、 聚酰亚胺、 非晶硅和鉬中的一种。  The method of forming a MEMS sensor according to claim 15, wherein the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer, and the fourth sacrificial layer are made of amorphous carbon and lithography. One of glue, polyimide, amorphous silicon and molybdenum.
17、 如权利要求 16所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第一牺牲层、第二牺牲层、第三牺牲层及第四牺牲层利用等离子体增强化学气 相沉积工艺, 反应温度为 350~450摄氏度。 The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 16, wherein the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, the third sacrificial layer, and the fourth sacrificial layer are processed by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, The reaction temperature is 350 to 450 degrees Celsius.
18、 如权利要求 17所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第一牺牲层、第二牺牲层、第三牺牲层的去除方法为利用氧离子或氮离子的等 离子体灰化去除。 The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 17, wherein the first sacrificial layer, the second sacrificial layer, and the third sacrificial layer are removed by plasma ash using oxygen ions or nitrogen ions. Removal.
19、 如权利要求 1至 18任一项的所述微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征 在于, 所述第一层间介质层、 第二层间介质层、 第三层间介质层的材料为氧化 硅、 氮氧化硅、 碳化硅、 氮化硅或者其中的组合。  The method of forming the MEMS sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the material of the first interlayer dielectric layer, the second interlayer dielectric layer, and the third interlayer dielectric layer is Silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride or a combination thereof.
20、 如权利要求 1至 18任一项的所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特 征在于,所述顶部电极、底部电极和焊盘电极材质为金属,厚度范围为 0.05~10 微米, 所述金属为银、 铝、 铜、 钛、 铂金、 金、 镍、 钴或者其中的组合。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the top electrode, the bottom electrode and the pad electrode are made of metal and have a thickness ranging from 0.05 to 10 micrometers. The metal is silver, aluminum, copper, titanium, platinum, gold, nickel, cobalt or a combination thereof.
21、 如权利要求 8或 9所述的微机电传感器的形成方法, 其特征在于, 所 述第一导电插塞的材质为金属, 所述金属为钨、 金、 银、 铜、 铝、 钛、 镍中的 一种或多种。  The method of forming a microelectromechanical sensor according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first conductive plug is made of metal, and the metal is tungsten, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, One or more of nickel.
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