WO2012083549A1 - 一种模具钢 - Google Patents

一种模具钢 Download PDF

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WO2012083549A1
WO2012083549A1 PCT/CN2010/080203 CN2010080203W WO2012083549A1 WO 2012083549 A1 WO2012083549 A1 WO 2012083549A1 CN 2010080203 W CN2010080203 W CN 2010080203W WO 2012083549 A1 WO2012083549 A1 WO 2012083549A1
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content
mass fraction
forging
mold
steel
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PCT/CN2010/080203
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈蕴博
王淼辉
葛学元
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机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心
天津那诺机械制造有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2010/080203 priority Critical patent/WO2012083549A1/zh
Priority to AT0900110U priority patent/AT12365U1/de
Priority to DE201021000038 priority patent/DE212010000038U1/de
Publication of WO2012083549A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012083549A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of steel material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a mold steel. Background technique
  • Mold manufacturing technology covering advanced mold materials and heat treatment processes is the foundation and core of manufacturing modernization.
  • the development level of mold technology and its industrialization is an important indicator to measure the level of manufacturing in a country, and is an important factor in promoting the development of advanced net forming technology.
  • Supporting technology, especially for cold stamping dies represented by automobile covers and high-speed progressive dies, and precision complex long-life dies for near-net forming, the amount of mold materials used are 28% and 50%, respectively.
  • the invention provides a mold steel, wherein: the mass fraction of C is 0.30% - 0.40%, the mass fraction of Cr is 3.0-10.00%, the mass fraction of N content is 0% - 0.15%, and the mass fraction of Mn is 0.50 - 1.00 %, the mass fraction of Si is 0.30-1.00%, the mass fraction of Mo is 1.00_2.40%, and the mass fraction of V content is 0.5% _ 1.00%, ⁇ .030%, S ⁇ O.030%, The amount is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the content of the N element is preferably 0.04-0.06%, the Cr content is 3.00%, the Mo content is 1.9%, the Mn content is 0.70%, the Si content is 0.80%, and the V content is 0.94%.
  • Ingot forging heating, initial forging temperature, deformation speed, final forging temperature, forging and annealing of the test piece, according to the current process of H13 steel.
  • the forging ratio is chosen to be 5-6.
  • Heat treatment quenching heat temperature 1060 ° C -1080 ° C; tempering temperature 550 ° C -600 ° C.
  • Electroslag ingot ⁇ Solution treatment
  • Normalizing treatment ⁇ Isotropic forging ⁇ Spheroidizing annealing - Ultrafine grain processing One machining One inspection and storage
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram comparing the service life of various mold steels. Best practice
  • Example 1 According to the proportioning ingredients in Table 1. Manufacturing method: Ingot forging heating system, initial forging temperature, deformation speed, final forging temperature, forging and annealing of the test piece, according to the current process of H13 steel. The forging ratio is chosen to be 5-6. Quenching heat treatment 1060 ° C -1080 ° C. Tempering temperature 550 ° C -600 ° C. Get the RX4 - RX9 product.
  • Example 2 Hot forging die for fast forging machine: After the electric arc furnace smelting + refining outside the furnace to obtain the primary steel ingot, after two electroslag remelting, the super superior steel ingot is obtained, after annealing and forging, using a six-face forging process to control The forging ratio is such that the material isotropic performance is 0.85 or more, and after forging, spheroidizing annealing is performed to obtain a module. The module is subjected to roughing, quenching + tempering heat treatment, and then finishing
  • the service life of the mold made of the new material is about twice that of the Chinese-made H13 steel.
  • the distribution ratio is in accordance with RX4 in Table 1.
  • Example 3 Aluminum alloy die-casting mold: After the electric arc furnace smelting + refining outside the furnace to obtain the primary steel ingot, and then re-melting by electroslag to obtain high-quality steel ingot, after forging and forging, using a six-face forging process to control the forging ratio to make the material direction The performance is above 0.8, and after spheroidizing, spheroidizing annealing is performed to obtain a module. After rough machining, the module is subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment, and then refined to obtain a mold. New The service life of the mold made of materials is about 1.5 times that of China's H 13 steel. The distribution ratio is in accordance with RX8 in Table 1.
  • Low-carbon does not contain nickel or cobalt, and a small amount of non-metallic element lanthanum is added at the same time to form a strengthening phase; it has unique advantages in technical and economic performance, and fully complies with the processability, usability, durability and economy. That is, the smelting process meets the economic purity index, the thermal processing process is easy, and the comprehensive performance at high temperature and toughness above 600 °C is superior to that of H13 and other hot work die materials, and the price is equivalent to H13.
  • the new preparation process can select different material preparation process according to the actual working condition of the mold, and the S, P, N, H, and ⁇ "residual elements" indicators of the S and P grades are determined. 300ppm, isotropic >0.9, non-metallic inclusion size ⁇ 1 71 ⁇ , all reached the international advanced level. The specific results are shown in Table 2. Among them, D2 is a US product and H13 is a Chinese product.
  • RX's new mold materials have a surface life of more than 8,000 times, which exceeds the service life of similar mold materials in Germany, and the production cost is only 50%-60% of the similar mold materials in Germany.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

一种模具钢 技术领域
本发明属于钢铁材料制造领域, 具体涉及一种模具钢。 背景技术
涵盖先进模具材料与热处理工艺的模具制造技术是制造业现代化的 基础与核心, 模具技术及其产业化的发展水平是衡量一个国家制造水平 高低的一个重要标志, 是推进先进净成形技术发展的重要支撑技术, 特 别是以汽车覆盖件和高速级进模为代表的冷冲模以及近净成形用精密复 杂长寿命模, 其模具材料用量分别为 28%和 50%。 发明内容
本发明提供一种模具钢, 其中: C 的质量分数在 0.30%— 0.40%,, Cr 的质量分数为 3.0— 10.00%, N 含量质量分数为 0%— 0.15%, Mn 的 质量分数为 0.50— 1.00 %, Si 的质量分数为 0.30— 1.00%, Mo 的质量 分数为 1.00_2.40%, V含量质量分数为 0.5% _ 1.00%, Ρ^ΞΟ.030%, S^O.030%, 余量为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。
其中优选 N元素的含量为 0.04-0.06%, Cr含量为 3.00%,, Mo含 量为 1.9%, Mn含量为 0.70%, Si含量为 0.80%, V含量为 0.94%。
冶炼: 电弧炉冶炼 +电渣重熔处理。
钢锭锻造: 加热、 始锻温度、 变形速度、 终锻温度、 锻件及试件的 退火工艺, 按 H13 钢现行工艺进行。 锻造比选择为 5-6。
热处理: 淬火热温度 1060°C-1080°C; 回火温度 550°C-600°C。 通过对目前常用各种制备工艺条件下, 模具材料 "残留元素"含量、 非金属夹杂等级及等向性达到的指标等的比较, 在综合考虑制备成本, 提供种不同类级别模具材料的最佳制备工艺。
S级 (super)超级:
废钢铁材料 一 电弧炉冶炼 一 LF精炼 一 VD脱气 一浇铸(底 浇吹氩) →电渣 (双重)
重熔 → 电渣铸锭→ 固溶处理 → 正火处理 → 等向锻造 → 球 化退火一超细晶处理 一机械加工 一探伤入库
P级 (premium )优质:
废钢铁材料 → 电弧炉冶炼 → LF 精炼 (可选) → 化验 → 浇铸 (底浇吹氩) 一 电渣重熔 一 电渣铸锭 一 缓冷 一 正火 一 等向锻 造 → 球化退火 → 机械加工 → 探伤入库
M 级 (medium ) —般:
废钢铁材料或废模具钢 +合金 → 中频冶炼 → 浇铸 → 电渣重熔 → 缓冷 一 正火 一 钢锭加热 一 锻造 → 球化退火 → 机械加工 → 探伤入库
根据实际工况条件对材料达到性能要求选择不同的材料制备工艺流 程。 其中 s级和 P级工艺制备的模具材料 "残留元素"指标 <300ppm, 等向性 >0.9, 非金属夹杂尺寸<17um, 均达到国际先进水平。 附图说明
图 1 为各种模具钢的使用寿命比较示意图。 最佳实施方式
并采用电弧炉冶炼 +电渣重熔处理, 其化学成分元素含量如表 1 所 示。 钢种 C Si Mn Cr Mo V N S、 P
4Cr3Mo1 SiV1 (RX3) 0.41 0.53 0.68 3.00 1 .66 0.91 0.019
4Cr3Mo2SiV1 (RX4) 0.37 0.56 0.69 3.04 2.41 0.94 0.024 ¾≡0.03
4Cr3Mo2SiV(RX5) 0.40 0.54 0.70 3.12 2.36 0.59 0.021
35Cr3MoSiV(RX6) 0.34 0.46 0.58 3.22 1 .08 0.92 0.042
35Cr3Mo1 SiV(RX7) 0.37 0.61 0.60 3.28 1 .46 0.95 0.052 0.03
35Cr3Mo1 SiV(RX8) 0.35 0.73 0.59 3.25 1 .90 0.94 0.050
35Cr3Mo2SiV(RX9) 0.36 0.72 0.61 3.30 2.1 7 0.92 0.044 制造方法: 钢锭锻造加热制度、 始锻温度、 变形速度、 终锻温度、 锻件及试件的退火工艺, 按 H13钢现行工艺进行。 锻造比选择为 5-6。
淬火热处理 1060 °C -1080 °C。 回火温度 50°C-600°C。
实施例 1、 按照表 1 中的配比成分。 制造方法: 钢锭锻造加热制度、 始锻温度、 变形速度、 终锻温度、 锻件及试件的退火工艺, 按 H13钢现 行工艺进行。锻造比选择为 5-6。淬火热处理 1060°C-1080°C。 回火温度 550°C-600°C。 得到 RX4— RX9产品。
实施例 2、 快锻机用热锻模: 经过电弧炉冶炼 +炉外精炼获得初级钢 锭, 再经两次电渣重熔后获得超优钢锭, 经退火后锻造, 采用六面锻造 工艺,控制锻造比使材料等向性能达到 0.85以上,锻造后进行球化退火, 获得模块。 模块经粗加工后进行淬火 +回火热处理, 再经精加工
后获得模具。 新材料所制模具的使用寿命为中国产 H13钢的 2倍 左右。 其中成分配比按照表 1 中的 RX4。
实施例 3、铝合金压铸模:经过电弧炉冶炼 +炉外精炼获得初级钢锭, 再经电渣重熔后获得优质钢锭, 经退火后锻造, 采用六面锻造工艺, 控 制锻造比使材料等向性能达到 0.8 以上, 锻造后进行球化退火, 获得模 块。模块经粗加工后进行淬火 +回火热处理, 再经精加工后获得模具。 新 材料所制模具的使用寿命为中国产 H 13钢的 1 .5倍左右。其中成分配比 按照表 1 中的 RX8。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的优点在于:
( 1 )低碳不含镍、钴, 同时添加少量非金属元素 Ν 等, 形成强化相; 在技术经济性能上有独特优异之处, 充分兼顾了工艺性、 使用性、 耐用 性和经济性, 即冶炼工艺满足经济纯净度指标,热加工工艺容易,在 600 °C以上的高温强韧性等综合性能优于 H13 等热作模具材料, 且价格与 H13相当。 合金元素含量低, 制备成本低廉; 多种合金成分并存, 并且 各种合金成分含量可控, 克服了现有技术中各种合金成分和组分的缺陷, 例如现有技术中没有如本申请同时具有 C、 Si、 Mn、 Cr、 Mo、 N、 V, 也没有上述元素的含量范围。 当具备上述条件时, 钢的综合性能优异。
(2) 新制备工艺可根据模具实际工况条件对材料性能要求选择不同 的材料制备工艺流程, 其中 S级与 P 级制备的模具材料 S、 P、 N、 H、 〇 "残留元素"指标 <300ppm, 等向性 >0.9, 非金属夹杂尺寸<1 71^, 均达到国际先进水平。 具体结果如表 2。 其中 D2 为美国产品, H13为 中国产品。
Figure imgf000006_0001
模具的使用寿命得到了大幅提高, 如图 1 示。 国产 H13 工作寿命 2000-3000 次, ASSAB产 8402 钢 4000-5000 次, 国产 HM1 钢 5000 次, 德国产 2365 钢 5600-5900 次, 实施例工作 RX 钢 7000 次以上。
同时, RX 新型模具材料经过表面处理后寿命超过 8000 次, 也超过 了德国同类模具材料经过表面处理后的使用寿命, 而生产成本仅相当于 德国同类模具材料的 50%-60%。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种模具钢, 其中: c 的质量分数在 0.30%_0.40%,, Cr 的质量分 数为 3.0_10.00%, N含量质量分数为 0%_0.15%,Mn 的质量分数 为 0.50— 1.00 %, Si 的质量分数为 0.30— 1.00%, Mo 的质量分数 为 1.00_2.40%, V含量质量分数为 0.5% _1.00%, 0.030%, S 0.030%, 余量为 Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2. 权利要求 1 所述的模具钢, 其特征在于: N 元素的含量为 0.04-0.06%, Cr含量为 3.00%,, Mo含量为 1.9%, Mn 含量为 0.70 %,Si含量为 0.80%, V含量为 0.94%。
3. —种模具, 其特征在于采用如权利要求 1 或 2所述的模具钢。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的模具, 其特征在于采用如下流程制备: 废钢铁材 料, 电弧炉冶炼, LF精炼, VD 脱气, 浇铸, 电渣, 重熔, 电渣 铸锭, 固溶处理, 正火处理, 等向锻造, 球化退火, 超细晶处理, 机械加工, 探伤入库。
5. 如权利要求 3所述的模具, 其特征在于采用如下流程制备: 废钢铁材 料, 电弧炉冶炼, LF精炼, 化验, 浇铸, 电渣重熔, 电渣铸锭, 缓 冷, 正火处理, 等向锻造, 球化退火, 超细晶处理, 机械加工, 探 伤入库。
6. 如权利要求 3所述的模具, 其特征在于采用如下流程制备: 废钢铁材 料或废模具钢或合金, 中频冶炼, 浇铸, 电渣重熔,缓冷, 正火处理, 钢锭加热, 锻造, 球化退火, 机械加工, 探伤入库。
PCT/CN2010/080203 2010-12-23 2010-12-23 一种模具钢 WO2012083549A1 (zh)

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CN111961985A (zh) * 2020-08-19 2020-11-20 合肥工业大学 一种低成本且高温下具有高热导率的模具钢及其制备方法

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