WO2012071698A1 - 一种仿生胶及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种仿生胶及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012071698A1
WO2012071698A1 PCT/CN2010/079249 CN2010079249W WO2012071698A1 WO 2012071698 A1 WO2012071698 A1 WO 2012071698A1 CN 2010079249 W CN2010079249 W CN 2010079249W WO 2012071698 A1 WO2012071698 A1 WO 2012071698A1
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Prior art keywords
biomimetic
deionized water
added
mass percentage
catalyst
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PCT/CN2010/079249
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐常青
陈君
余柳英
Original Assignee
中国医学科学院药用植物研究所
佛山市三水翔海胶粘剂有限公司
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Application filed by 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所, 佛山市三水翔海胶粘剂有限公司 filed Critical 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所
Priority to CN201080041740.XA priority Critical patent/CN102712835B/zh
Priority to US13/989,873 priority patent/US9226496B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/079249 priority patent/WO2012071698A1/zh
Publication of WO2012071698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012071698A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/24Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10Esters
    • C08F220/12Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1804C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C09J133/10Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of plant pest control, and particularly relates to a biomimetic adhesive having the characteristics of armyworm, and a preparation method and use of the bionic rubber.
  • Harmful organisms in agricultural production such as various pests, pathogenic microorganisms, etc., are one of the main obstacles to high yield and stable production of agricultural production, especially for various small pests, due to large amount of occurrence, strong adaptability, and easy to produce drug resistance. The problem becomes a difficult point in prevention and control in production.
  • Current pest control master book
  • the first type gel or semi-solid state at room temperature (5 ⁇ 40 °C), mainly composed of rosin, paraffin or polybutene, adding castor oil Or oily gums of other organic solvents, usually added with a thickener, etc., such as sticky gums have high viscosity, such as CN200410008453, CN200510014730, CN200510064422, CN200720006978 and the like.
  • This type of shellac can only be used by brushing, or it must be applied to the base material, such as cardboard, swatch, plastic paper, etc., in combination with other insect attractants (such as sex pheromones).
  • the role of armyworm The main problems of this glue are: It is toxic to plants and cannot be in direct contact with young branches such as plant branches and leaves. Secondly, because of its high adhesive consistency, it can not be sprayed, and the application is inconvenient, and the control efficiency is low.
  • the second type liquid at room temperature, the main component of this mucopolysaccharide is an organic solvent, such as the adhesive shellac of polyacrylamide and Taikoo oil (sulfonated castor oil) as disclosed in CN200610025325.
  • the problem with this kind of mucilage is: It is harmful to plant tissues and cannot be sprayed directly on plant leaves and young tissues. Secondly, the organic solvent contained will pollute the environment. (3)
  • the third type is a liquid state at room temperature, and has a quick-drying adhesive shellac after spraying.
  • JP84023352 and JP53124181 disclose resin derivatives, polysaccharide derivatives, such as natural or synthetic rubber, poly(iso).
  • the problems with this type of muscoid gum are: (a) must be sprayed directly onto the pest to act as a moldworm; (b) the viscous component loses its viscosity within a few minutes after spraying and does not maintain the performance of the armyworm for a long time; (c) Volatile solvent components contaminate the environment; (d) Do not spray on the surface of plants and leaves, causing damage to plants. Therefore, this type of adhesive shellac can only be used for the prevention and control of indoor sanitary pests.
  • Chinese patent CN99120025. X discloses an adhesive shelly consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble silicate, surfactant, polyvinylpyrrolidone and water.
  • the shellac glue cures rapidly within a few minutes after spraying, fixing the pests.
  • the appendages such as the feet and the wings make it incapable of moving, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing pests.
  • the sticky shellac also has the following problems: It must be sprayed directly on the pest worm to effectively fix the pest. Secondly, the viscous component fails quickly, and the sticky worm has a short effective period, and must be sprayed frequently to function, wasting manpower and material resources. high cost.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a biomimetic adhesive having the characteristics of armyworm, which has good effect and long duration, and can be sprayed on the surface of the stem and leaves of the plant without affecting the normal growth of the plant.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned biomimetic glue.
  • the acrylic soft monomer described in the above biomimetic rubber is ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid.
  • the acrylic monomer described in the above biomimetic rubber means acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
  • the nonionic emulsifier described in the above biomimetic rubber is one of a nonylphenol ethoxylate, a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether mixture, a polyether modified trisiloxane, or the like, or a mixture thereof.
  • the anionic emulsifier described in the above biomimetic rubber refers to a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, a sulfhydryl group.
  • the preservatives described in the above biomimetic rubber are isothiazolinone compounds, or bronopol compounds.
  • bronopol compounds such as the American Rohm and Haas Kathon® LXE fungicide (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), bronopol A water-soluble preservative such as an alcohol (2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, C 3 H 6 BrN0 4 ).
  • the antifoaming agent described in the above biomimetic rubber is a polysiloxane type compound (for example, polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) (silicone), defoaming agent such as cyclomethicone), polyether Compounds (such as polyoxypropylene glycerol ether), mineral oil defoamers (such as polyether mineral oil defoamer, non-silicone mineral oil defoamer, polyether silicone oil mineral oil defoamer) Foaming agent.
  • polysiloxane type compound for example, polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) (silicone), defoaming agent such as cyclomethicone), polyether Compounds (such as polyoxypropylene glycerol ether), mineral oil defoamers (such as polyether mineral oil defoamer, non-silicone mineral oil defoamer, polyether silicone oil mineral oil defoamer) Foaming agent.
  • the above-mentioned biomimetic rubber may further contain at least one of the following components: a fluorescent substance or an insect pheromone. 1% ⁇ The pheromone is added in a ratio of 0. 01 ⁇ 0.
  • the fluorescent substance is a long-lasting luminous powder, such as an alkaline earth aluminate base, a silicate-based light-storing luminescent material, a zinc sulfide or a calcium sulfide series phosphor, etc., preferably a rare earth aluminate group or a rare earth silicate group.
  • Luminous powder such as an alkaline earth aluminate base, a silicate-based light-storing luminescent material, a zinc sulfide or a calcium sulfide series phosphor, etc., preferably a rare earth aluminate group or a rare earth silicate group.
  • the insect pheromones are at least one of an insect pheromone, an aggregate pheromone or a warning pheromone.
  • the preparation method of the above biomimetic rubber comprises the following steps:
  • Reactor 2 is cooled to 40 ⁇ 50 °C, preservative, defoamer, nonionic emulsifier is added to the reaction kettle 2, stirred for 10 ⁇ 15 min, filtered by 80 ⁇ 100 mesh, and the filtrate is collected.
  • the filtrate is a biomimetic glue.
  • the amount of deionized water added in the above step (1) of the preparation method is preferably 10 to 15% by mass based on the total amount of deionized water.
  • the anionic emulsifier described in the above production method step (1) is preferably sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
  • the anionic emulsifier described in the above production method step (1) is preferably added in an amount of 80% by mass based on the total amount of the anionic emulsifier.
  • the acrylic soft monomer described in the above production method step (1) is preferably butyl acrylate and/or isooctyl acrylate.
  • the acrylic monomer described in the above production method step (1) is preferably acrylic acid.
  • the anionic emulsifier added in the above step (2) of the production method is preferably added in an amount of 20% by mass based on the total amount thereof.
  • the reaction temperature described in the above step (2) of the production method is preferably 80 to 85 °C.
  • the mass percentage of the emulsion extracted in the above step (3) of the preparation method is preferably 10 to 15%.
  • the mass percentage of the emulsion extracted in the above step (4) of the preparation method is preferably 85 to 90%.
  • the holding time in the step (4) of the above preparation method is preferably 60 min.
  • a fluorescent substance is added to the above-mentioned bionic rubber in a ratio of 0.1 to 5% by mass, stirred uniformly, filtered through a 100-mesh filter, and sealed for storage.
  • the fluorescent substance described in the above production method is preferably a rare earth aluminate-based luminous powder.
  • the biomimetic glue of the invention can be sprayed directly on the branches and leaves of the target plant by spraying, and viscous glue droplets are formed on the branches and leaves, and the glue droplets can remain sticky for dozens of days or even months, forming a "ray” which can be sticky at any time.
  • "Region” which causes obstacles to the normal feeding, reproduction, and habitat of pests, thereby inhibiting the development of pest populations, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting plants from pests.
  • the long-lasting phosphor contained in the bionic rubber of the invention absorbs sunlight energy during the day, emits light of different colors (bands) at night, synergizes with the plant odor to enhance the attracting effect of the pest, and improves the efficiency of the bionic gum.
  • the bionic rubber of the invention can be sprayed on the wintering and summering places of the pests, and the adhesion to the wintering and the summery insects can not reach the normal wintering and summering places, and the wintering and the summering base are reduced, thereby reducing the pests.
  • the biomimetic glue of the present invention can also be sprayed on various color plates to form viscous glue drops on the color plates to trap pests which are apt to color, thereby protecting the target plants from pests.
  • the biomimetic glue of the invention has the following advantages: (1)
  • the biomimetic glue of the invention is an aqueous glue, uses water as a solvent, completely avoids organic solvent, is safe, non-toxic and non-polluting; (2)
  • the bionic rubber has high contact viscosity and good wettability, and the touched glue droplets of any part of the body such as the feet, tentacles and wings of the pest are adhered; (3)
  • the bionic rubber of the invention is not afraid of wind, rain, sun, Anti-ultraviolet, anti-aging, can play the role of armyworm for a long time;
  • the biomimetic glue of the invention has low viscosity at room temperature (10 ⁇ 40 °C), and can be directly sprayed on the surface of plant leaves by ordinary agricultural sprayer, and It will have adverse effects on photosynthesis and normal growth of plants, and the method of use is relatively simple; (5)
  • the fluorescent substances or insect pheromones contained in the biomimetic rubber of the invention can enhance
  • the raw material composition of the biomimetic rubber is: 25 kg of butyl acrylate, 20 kg of isooctyl acrylate, 1 kg of acrylic acid, 200 g of sodium decyl sulfate, 200 g of ammonium persulfate, and C25 (isothiazolone) 10 g, silicone defoamer 20 g, nonylphenol ethoxylate (OP-10) 100 g, go
  • the ionized water is 53.47 kg; the blue-violet aluminate long afterglow luminous powder 1 Kg and the thrips sex pheromone 1 g are added.
  • the pheromone sex pheromone lg was added to the phosphor-containing biomimetic gel prepared above before use, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to obtain a biomimetic gel containing an insect sex pheromone.
  • the raw material composition of the bionic rubber is: 30 kg of butyl acrylate, 16 kg of methyl methacrylate, 3 kg of methacrylic acid, 600 g of sodium decyl sulfate, 400 g of potassium persulfate, and Broll (BR0N0P0L) (bronol) anti-fungal agent 10 g, mineral oil defoamer 100 g, nonylphenol ethoxylate (OP-10) 300 g, deionized water 49. 59 kg o
  • the raw material composition of the biomimetic rubber is: butyl methacrylate 30 kg, octyl acrylate 20 kg, acrylic acid 5 kg, mercapto ether sulfate 800 g, sodium persulfate 600 g, Huake-108 (2-n-octyl group- 4-isothiazolin-3-one) 10 g antifungal agent, silicone defoamer 200 g, nonylphenol ethoxylate (OP-10) 300 g, deionized water 43. 09 kg; additional silicon Aluminate long afterglow phosphor 4 kg.
  • the key indicator of the performance of bionic rubber is the initial viscosity.
  • the detection method refers to the "People's Republic of China National Standard GB/T 4852-2002 Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape Initial Adhesion Test Method (Rolling Ball Method)" Method B: Chute Rolling Ball Method ".
  • the specific method is as follows:
  • test piece Apply bionic rubber to a 25-inch wide, 150-inch-long hard paper (produced by Guangdong Junda Paper Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 10-15 ⁇ m. The test was allowed to stand horizontally for 2 hours at 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity before the test. The test samples were the biomimetic gels prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3.
  • the test piece is glued face up and fixed flat on the position specified by the BF-NX-770 tape initial tack tester (manufactured by Dongguan Bell Test Equipment Co., Ltd.).
  • the inclined groove ball device has an inclination angle of 21. 30'. Place the ball (14 fl steel ball (diameter 11.112 ⁇ )) at the specified starting position, operate the lever to roll the ball, and measure the distance the ball stops rolling. This distance is the length from the end of the inclined groove to the center point where the ball contacts the adhesive surface when the ball stops. Repeat 3 times. The initial viscosity of the bionic rubber was expressed by the average of 3 times.
  • Example 1 The bionic rubber of Example 1 had the shortest rolling distance and the highest initial tack, while the bionic rubber prepared in Example 3 had the longest rolling distance and a low initial tack.
  • the smaller the detection value the larger the initial viscosity of the biomimetic rubber, the higher the sensitivity, and the pest insects are gently contacted with the glue droplets to be stuck, and the small insects of the insect body can also exert the armyworm effect.
  • Biomimetic glue prepared in Example 3 65 mm Example 5. Comparison of bionic rubber in the control of thrips and hibiscus in the garden
  • Example 1 The biomimetic rubber prepared in Example 1 was added to the Hummer sex pheromone (manufactured by Zhangzhou Yinggeer Technology Development Co., Ltd.) before use, and mixed uniformly.
  • the dosage is 40 kg/667m 2 .
  • Control 1 Deionized water; dosage 50 kg/667m
  • Control 2 Myxoplasma liquid: Prepared according to the method described in the patent "A Blotting Liquid and Its Application” (CN200610025325.0). The formula is 5% polyacrylamide and 95% Taikoo oil. The dosage is 40Kg/667m 2 .
  • Test method Select the normal-managed 5-year-old garden, and randomly select 20 trees for each treatment. Spray in the eucalyptus canopy with ordinary agricultural sprayer in late May, starting from the first day after spraying, every day at 10:00 am 00-11:00 test the net photosynthetic rate (P) of functional leaves in the middle of different treatments with LI-6400 photosynthetic apparatus (produced by LI-C0R, USA), measure 20 leaves per treatment, and measure for 7 days continuously. . Two weeks after the spraying, 10 trees were investigated for each treatment, and each tree was investigated for five leaves in the canopy according to the east, west, south and north directions. The Lima stuck on each leaf was counted ⁇ Psilothrips in icusB afti) Para trioza sinica Yang & Li, calculate the average number and standard deviation of pests on each leaf
  • Control Mythimna, prepared according to the method of Example 1 disclosed in Patent CN 99120025.
  • X the composition and ratio thereof are: 5% polyvinyl alcohol, 2% calcium 12-dodecylbenzenesulfonate, silicon Sodium 15%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1%, water 77%. Diluted 200 times when used.
  • biomimetic adhesive of the invention has good effect on the armyworm, and when it is kept sticky The length is long.
  • Example 3 The biomimetic rubber prepared in Example 3 was sprayed on both sides of a commercially available yellow paperboard (color wax paper, manufactured by Guangdong Junda Paper Co., Ltd.) with a hand held sprayer.
  • a commercially available yellow paperboard color wax paper, manufactured by Guangdong Junda Paper Co., Ltd.
  • Control A commercially available yellow armyworm paper (double-sided film-adhesive board, CN 200820141844. 8 Zhangzhou Jiahe Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was used as a control.
  • Test method Cut the bionic rubber-treated yellow cardboard and the control yellow armyworm paper into lOcm X 10cm paper and hang it in the severely grown cucumber greenhouse (Trialeurodes vaporarioru (Westwood)). Hang 9 pieces, the height of the suspension is 10cm from the new shoot of cucumber, and 2 days after hanging, check the number of sticky white meal.
  • results See Table 4
  • the amount of yellow paperboard sprayed with the bionic rubber of the present invention was twice as high as that of the commercially available yellow armyworm paper.
  • the bionic rubber of the invention can not only kill the whitefly in the daytime, but also emit yellow fluorescence at night, and has a stronger attracting effect.
  • the results show that the bionic gummy insect of the present invention has a good effect.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了属于植物虫害防治领域的仿生胶,其原料组成成分及其比例为:丙烯酸软单体25~50%,丙烯酸单体1~5%,非离子乳化剂0.1~0.3%,阴离子乳化剂0.1~0.8%,催化剂0.2~0.6%,防腐剂0.1~0.3%,消泡剂0.02~0.05%,余量为去离子水。所述仿生胶还可以添加荧光类物质或昆虫信息素。本发明仿生胶粘虫效果好,而且不受环境影响,作用时间长;其次,本发明为水性胶,安全、无毒、无污染;此外,本发明在常温下粘稠度小,可以用普通喷雾器直接喷洒在植物枝、叶表面,且对植物的光合作用和正常生长没有不良影响。本发明还公开了该仿生胶的制备方法,其制备方法简单、成本低。

Description

一种仿生胶及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于植物害虫防治领域, 具体涉及一种具有粘虫特性的仿生胶, 以及该仿生胶的制备方法和用途。
背景技术 说
农业生产中的有害生物, 如各种害虫、 病原微生物等危害, 是农业生产 获得高产稳产的主要障碍之一, 尤其是各种微小害虫, 由于发生量大、 适应 性强、 易产生抗药性等问题, 成为生产中防治的难点。 目前有害生物防治主 书
要采用化学防治, 但是此种方法易导致农药残留问题, 不仅对环境造成严重 污染, 而且破坏了生态系统的生物多样性。
防治有害生物的另一种方法是物理方法, 其中使用粘虫胶防治害虫, 不 存在农药残留和污染环境的问题。 目前应用的粘虫胶主要有三类: (1 ) 第一 类: 常温(5〜40 °C )下为凝胶或半固体状态, 主要由松香、 石蜡或聚丁烯等 成分组成, 添加蓖麻油或其它有机溶剂的油性胶, 通常加有增稠剂等, 此类 粘虫胶粘稠度高, 如 CN200410008453、 CN200510014730, CN200510064422 , CN200720006978等公开的粘虫胶。 这类粘虫胶只能以涂刷方式使用, 或者必 须涂抹在基底材料上, 如纸板、 色板、 塑料纸等, 与其它诱虫物质 (如性信 息素) 结合使用, 才能更好地发挥粘虫作用。 此胶存在的主要问题是: 对植 物有毒害作用, 不能与植物枝、 叶等幼嫩组织直接接触; 其次, 由于此胶粘 稠度高, 不能喷雾, 施用不便, 防治效率低。 (2 ) 第二类: 常温下为液态, 此种粘虫胶的主要成分为有机溶剂,如 CN200610025325公开的以聚丙烯酰胺 和太古油 (磺化蓖麻油)为主要成分的粘虫胶, 用于垃圾场等场所粘附害虫。 此种粘虫胶存在的问题是: 对植物组织有害, 不能直接喷洒于植物枝叶和幼 嫩组织; 其次, 含有的有机溶剂会对环境造成污染。 (3 ) 第三类: 常温下为 液态, 喷洒后具有速干性的粘虫胶, 如 JP84023352和 JP53124181公开了以 树脂衍生物、 多萜衍生物, 如天然或人工合成橡胶, 聚 (异) 丁烯 、 羊毛脂 等和有机溶剂 (环己胺, 芳香烃, 如二甲苯、 苯、 卤化烃) 以及雾化剂 (二 甲基醚等) 等为主要成分的喷雾剂, JP5501 1546和 JP82057001 则公开了以 醋酸乙烯树脂和低毒溶剂为主要成分的低温成膜性粘虫胶。 这类速干性粘虫 胶特点在于: 室温 (25°C ) 条件下喷洒到害虫虫体上后粘性成分迅速固化, 在固化过程中固定害虫足、 翅等附肢, 使害虫失去活动能力。 这类粘虫胶存 在的问题是: (a) 必须直接喷洒在害虫虫体上才能起到粘虫作用; (b ) 粘性 成分在喷洒后数分钟内失去粘性, 不能长时间保持粘虫性能; (c ) 挥发性溶 剂成分污染环境; (d) 不能喷洒到植物枝叶表面, 对植物造成伤害。 因此这 类粘虫胶只能用于居室卫生害虫等防治。
中国专利 CN99120025. X公开了由聚乙烯醇、水溶性硅酸盐、表面活性剂、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮和水组成的粘虫胶, 该粘虫胶在喷洒后几分钟内迅速固化, 固定害虫足、 翅等附肢, 使其无法活动, 由此实现降低害虫为害的目的。 但 该粘虫胶同样存在如下问题: 必须直接喷洒在害虫虫体上才能起到有效固定 害虫, 其次, 粘性成分失效快, 粘虫的有效期短, 必须经常喷洒才能发挥作 用, 浪费人力、 物力, 成本高。
发明内容
本发明第一目的在于提供一种具有粘虫特性的仿生胶, 该仿生胶粘虫效 果好、 持续时间长, 可以在植物茎、 叶表面喷洒而不影响植物正常生长。
本发明另一个目的在于提供上述仿生胶的制备方法。
本发明再一个目的在于提供上述仿生胶的用途。
为实现上述目的, 本发明的技术方案为:
本发明一种仿生胶, 其原料组成成分及其质量百分比为: 丙烯酸软单体 25〜50%,丙烯酸单体 1〜5%,非离子乳化剂 0. 1〜0. 3%,阴离子乳化剂 0. 1〜 0. 8%, 催化剂 0. 2〜0. 6%, 防腐剂 0. 1〜0. 3%, 消泡剂 0. 02〜0. 05%, 余量为 去离子水。
上述仿生胶中所述的丙烯酸软单体为丙烯酸乙酯、 甲基丙烯酸乙酯、 丙 烯酸丁酯、 甲基丙烯酸丁酯、 丙烯酸辛酯、 丙烯酸异辛酯、 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 或甲基丙烯酸异丁酯等之一种或它们之间的混合物。
上述仿生胶中所述的丙烯酸单体是指丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。
上述仿生胶中所述的非离子乳化剂为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、 脂肪醇聚氧乙 烯醚混合物、 聚醚改性三硅氧垸等之一种或它们之间的混合物。
上述仿生胶中所述的阴离子乳化剂是指脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、 垸基 醚硫酸盐、 垸芳基醚硫酸盐或琥珀酸酯磺酸盐等之一种或它们之间的混合物 上述仿生胶中所述的催化剂为无机过氧化物, 所述的无机过氧化物优选 为过硫酸钠、 过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾等。
上述仿生胶中所述的防腐剂为异噻唑啉酮类化合物, 或溴硝醇类化合物 等。如美国罗门哈斯 Kathon®LXE杀菌剂(5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3_酮+2- 甲基 -4-异噻唑啉 -3-酮), 溴硝丙醇(2-溴 -2-硝基 -1. 3-丙二醇, C3H6BrN04) 等水溶性防腐剂。
上述仿生胶中所述的消泡剂为聚硅氧垸类化合物(如聚二甲基硅氧垸(硅 酮) (有机硅)、 环甲基硅氧垸等消泡剂)、 聚醚类化合物(如聚氧化丙烯丙三 醇醚)、 矿物油消泡剂(如聚醚矿物油消泡剂、 非硅酮类矿物油消泡剂、 聚醚 硅油矿物油消泡剂) 等水溶性消泡剂。
上述仿生胶还可以添加以下成分:荧光类物质或昆虫信息素等至少一种。 其中所述的荧光类物质按照质量百分比为 0. 1〜5%的比例添加; 所述的昆虫 信息素按照质量百分比为 0. 01〜0. 1%的比例添加。
所述的荧光类物质为长余辉夜光粉, 如碱土铝酸盐基、 硅酸盐基蓄光发 光材料、 硫化锌或硫化钙系列荧光粉等, 优选为稀土铝酸盐基或稀土硅酸盐 基夜光粉。
所述的昆虫信息素为昆虫性外激素、 聚集信息素或警告信息素等至少一 种。
上述仿生胶的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )按照比例向反应釜 1内加入去离子水、 阴离子乳化剂、 丙烯酸软单 体和丙烯酸单体, 在转速为 40〜60 rpm条件下搅拌 15〜20 min, 得乳化液; 其中去离子水的加入比例约为去离子水总添加量的 7〜25% (质量百分比); 阴离子乳化剂的加入比例约为阴离子乳化剂总添加量的 70〜90% (质量百分 比);
(2)向反应釜 2内加入去离子水、阴离子乳化剂、 催化剂,然后在 70〜 90°C、 转速 40〜50 rpm条件下进行搅拌反应 10〜15 min; 反应釜 2自始至终 以 40〜50 rpm转速进行搅拌; 其中所述的去离子水的加入量约为去离子水总 添加量的 70〜88% (质量百分比); 所述的阴离子乳化剂的加入量为阴离子乳 化剂总添加量的 10〜30% (质量百分比); 所述的催化剂的加入量为催化剂总 添加量的 10~20% (质量百分比);
(3 )从反应釜 1中抽取质量百分比为 5〜30%的乳化液注入反应釜 2中, 然后搅拌 10〜15 min;
(4)将催化剂置于去离子水中溶解; 将反应釜 1内余下的乳化液滴加入 反应釜 2中,滴加时间为 3〜4 hr;同时滴加溶解后的催化剂,滴加时间为 20〜 30 rnin; 滴加完毕后, 保温 50〜70 min; 其中所述的去离子水的用量为其总 添加量的 5〜23 % (质量百分比); 所述的催化剂的加入量为催化剂添加总量 的 80〜90% (质量百分比); 所述的余下的乳化液为乳化液总量的 70〜95%
(质量百分比);
(5 ) 反应釜 2降温至 40〜50°C, 按照比例向反应釜 2中加入防腐剂、 消泡剂、 非离子乳化剂, 搅拌 10〜15 min, 80〜100 目过滤, 收集滤液, 所 得滤液即为仿生胶。
上述制备方法步骤(1 )中所述的去离子水的加入量优选为去离子水总添 加总量的 10~15% (质量百分比)。
上述制备方法步骤(1 )中所述的阴离子乳化剂优选为十二垸基硫酸钠或 十二垸基苯磺酸钠。
上述制备方法步骤(1 )中所述的阴离子乳化剂的加入量优选为阴离子乳 化剂添加总量的 80% (质量百分比)。
上述制备方法步骤 (1 ) 中所述的丙烯酸软单体优选为丙烯酸丁酯和 /或 丙烯酸异辛酯。
上述制备方法步骤 (1 ) 中所述的丙烯酸单体优选为丙烯酸。
上述制备方法步骤(2)中所述的阴离子乳化剂添加量优选为其添加总量 的 20% (质量百分比为)。
上述制备方法步骤 (2 ) 中所述的反应温度优选为 80〜85°C。
上述制备方法步骤 (3 ) 中抽取乳化液的质量百分比优选为 10〜15%。 上述制备方法步骤 (4 ) 中抽取乳化液的质量百分比优选为 85〜90%。 上述制备方法步骤 (4 ) 中保温时间优选为 60 min。
上述仿生胶的制备方法, 按照质量百分比为 0.1〜5%的比例向上述所制 备的仿生胶中加入荧光类物质, 搅拌均匀, 100目滤网过滤, 密封保存备用。
上述制备方法中所述的荧光类物质优选为稀土铝酸盐基夜光粉。 本发明仿生胶的制备方法, 在使用前按照质量百分比为 0. 01〜0. 1%的比 例向上述仿生胶中加入昆虫信息素, 搅拌均匀即可。
本发明仿生胶可以通过喷雾方法直接喷洒在目标植物的枝、 叶表面, 在 枝、 叶表面形成粘性胶滴, 这些胶滴可以数十天甚至数月保持粘性, 形成随 时可以粘虫的 "雷区", 对害虫正常的取食、 生殖、 栖息等行为造成障碍, 从 而抑制害虫种群的发展, 由此达到保护植物免受害虫危害的目的。
本发明仿生胶中所含的长余辉荧光物质白天吸收太阳光能量, 夜间发出 不同颜色 (波段) 的光, 协同植物气味增强对害虫引诱作用, 提高仿生胶粘 虫效率。
本发明仿生胶可以喷洒在害虫越冬、 越夏场所, 通过对越冬、 越夏虫态 的粘附, 使其不能抵达正常越冬、 越夏场所, 降低越冬、 越夏基数, 由此达 到降低害虫对目标植物危害的目的。
本发明仿生胶还可以喷洒在各种色板上, 在色板上形成粘性胶滴, 诱杀 对颜色具有趋性的害虫, 由此保护目标植物免受害虫的危害。
相对于现有的粘虫胶, 本发明仿生胶具有如下优点: (1 ) 本发明仿生胶 为水性胶, 以水作为溶剂, 完全不用有机溶剂, 安全、 无毒、 无污染; (2 ) 本发明仿生胶的触粘性高, 润湿性好, 害虫身体的足、 触角、 翅等任何部位 轻触胶滴即被黏住; (3 ) 本发明仿生胶不怕风吹、 雨淋、 日晒, 抗紫外线、 耐老化, 能够长时间发挥粘虫作用; (4)本发明仿生胶在常温下 (10〜40°C ) 粘稠度小, 可以用普通农用喷雾器直接喷洒在植物枝叶表面, 且不会对植物 的光合作用和正常生长造成不良影响, 使用方法比较简单; (5 ) 本发明仿生 胶中所含的荧光类物质或昆虫信息素, 可增强对害虫的吸引, 提高防治害虫 的效果; (6 ) 本发明仿生胶的制备方法简单, 成本低。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明, 但是不对本发明的保护范围 构成任何限制。
实施例 1 仿生胶的制备
仿生胶的原料组成成分为: 丙烯酸丁酯 25 kg, 丙烯酸异辛酯 20 kg, 丙 烯酸 l kg, 十二垸基硫酸钠 200 g, 过硫酸胺 200 g, 百杀净 C25 (异噻唑酮 类化合物) 10 g, 有机硅消泡剂 20 g, 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10) 100 g, 去 离子水 53.47 kg;另加入蓝紫色铝酸盐长余辉夜光粉 1 Kg和蓟马性信息素 1 g。 按照如下方法制备:
( 1 ) 向反应釜 1内加入去离子水 8.5 kg、 十二垸基硫酸钠 140 g, 加入 丙烯酸丁酯 25 kg、 丙烯酸异辛酯 20 kg和丙烯酸 lkg, 在转速为 40 rpm下 搅拌 15 min, 约得乳化液 54.64kg;
(2) 向反应釜 2加入去离子水 41.0 kg、 十二垸基硫酸钠 60 g, 过硫酸 胺 20 g, 在 70°C、 转速 50 rpm下搅拌反应 15 min; 在整个聚合反应过程中 反应釜 2自始至终以 50 rpm转速搅拌;
(3 ) 从反应釜 1中抽取乳化液 5 kg直接注入聚合反应釜 2中; 搅拌 15 min;
(4) 用去离子水 3.97kg将过硫酸铵 180g溶解, 得过硫酸铵溶液; 将反 应釜 1中剩余的乳化液滴加入反应釜 2, 滴加时间为 3 hr; 同时滴加入过硫酸 胺溶液, 滴加时间为 30 min; 整个滴加过程中自始至终以 50 rpm转速搅拌;
(5 ) 滴加完毕后, 保温 60 min; 降温至 50°C, 加入百杀净 C25 (异噻 唑酮类化合物, 浙江省衢州市百斯特化学有限公司) 10g,有机硅消泡剂 20g, 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (OP-10) 100g, 搅拌 10 min, 以 100 目滤网过滤, 所得 滤液即为仿生胶。
向上述所制备的仿生胶中加入蓝紫色铝酸盐长余辉夜光粉 (如浙江兰溪 明辉光电材料有限公司的顯、 MH-W系列产品, 或大连路名发光科技股份有限 公司的 LMS系列产品) lKg, 充分搅拌均匀, 以 100目滤网过滤, 收集滤液, 即得含有荧光粉的仿生胶, 密封保存备用。
在使用前向上述所制备的含有荧光粉的仿生胶中加入蓟马性信息素 lg, 充分搅拌均匀, 即得含有昆虫性信息素的仿生胶。
实施例 2 仿生胶的制备
仿生胶的原料组成成分为: 丙烯酸丁酯 30 kg, 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 16 kg, 甲基丙烯酸 3 kg,十二垸基硫酸钠 600 g,过硫酸钾 400 g,布罗波尔(BR0N0P0L) (溴硝醇)防霉剂 10 g,矿物油消泡剂 100 g,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (OP-10) 300g, 去离子水 49. 59 kg o
按照如下方法制备:
( 1 ) 向反应釜 1内加入去离子水 10 kg 、 丙烯酸丁酯 30 kg、 甲基丙烯 酸甲酯 16 kg、 甲基丙烯酸 3 kg、 十二垸基硫酸钠 480 g, 在转速为 50 rpm 下搅拌 20分钟, 约得乳化液 59.48 kg;
(2) 向反应釜 2内加入去离子水 35.0 kg、 十二垸基硫酸钠 120 g、 过 硫酸钾 80 g, 在 80°C、 转速 45 rpm下搅拌反应 10 min; 反应釜 2自始至终 以 45 rpm转速搅拌;
(3 ) 从反应釜 1抽取乳化液 9.0 kg注入反应釜 2, 搅拌 10 min;
(4)用 4.59kg去离子水将过硫酸钾 320 g溶解, 得过硫酸钾溶液; 将反 应釜 1内剩余的乳化液滴加入反应釜 2, 滴加时间为 4 hr; 同时滴加过硫酸钾 溶液, 滴加时间为 30 min;
(5 )滴加完毕后,保温 50 min; 降温至 50°C,加入布罗波尔(BR0N0P0L) (溴硝醇)防霉剂 10g,矿物油消泡剂 100g,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10 ) 300g, 搅拌 12 min, 100目滤网过滤, 收取滤液, 即得仿生胶。
实施例 3 仿生胶的制备
仿生胶的原料组成成份为: 甲基丙烯酸丁酯 30 kg, 丙烯酸辛酯 20 kg, 丙烯酸 5 kg, 垸基醚硫酸盐 800 g, 过硫酸钠 600 g, 华科 -108 ( 2-正辛基 -4- 异噻唑啉 -3-酮)防霉剂 10 g,有机硅消泡剂 200 g,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (OP-10) 300 g, 去离子水 43. 09 kg; 另外添加硅铝酸盐长余辉荧光粉 4 kg。
按照如下方法制备:
( 1 ) 向反应釜 1内加入去离子水 10 kg、 垸基醚硫酸盐 560 g, 甲基丙烯 酸丁酯 30 kg、 丙烯酸辛酯 20 kg和丙烯酸 5 kg, 在转速为 40〜60 rpm下搅 拌 20 min, 得乳化液 65.56 kg;
(2) 向反应釜 2加入去离子水 30 kg、 垸基醚硫酸盐 240 g, 过硫酸胺 90 g, 在 70〜90°C、 转速50卬111下搅拌反应151^11; 反应釜 2自始至终以 50 rpm转速搅拌;
(3 ) 从反应釜 1中抽取乳化液 18 kg直接注入聚合反应釜 2中; 搅拌 15min;
(4) 用去离子水 3.09kg将过硫酸铵 510g溶解, 得过硫酸铵溶液; 将反 应釜 1中剩余的乳化液滴加入反应釜 2, 滴加时间为 3 hr; 同时滴加入过硫酸 胺溶液, 滴加时间为 20 min;
(5 ) 滴加完毕后, 保温 60 min; 降温至 50°C, 加入华科 -108 (2-正辛 基 -4-异噻唑啉 -3-酮) 防霉剂 10g,有机硅消泡剂 200g, 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (OP-10 ) 300g; 搅拌 10分钟;
(6)将硅铝酸盐长余辉荧光粉 4kg加入, 搅拌均匀; 然后 100目滤网过 滤, 收取滤液, 即得含有荧光粉的仿生胶。
实施例 4 仿生胶粘性测定
仿生胶性能的关键指标是初粘性, 检测方法参照 《中华人民共和国国家 标准 GB/T 4852-2002压敏胶粘带初粘性试验方法 (滚球法)》 之 "方法 B: 斜 槽滚球法"。 具体方法如下:
( 1 ) 试片制备: 将仿生胶涂抹在宽 25匪, 长 150匪的硬纸片 (广东骏 达纸业有限公司生产) 上, 胶层厚度 10-15 μ πι。 测试前在 23 °C、 相对湿度 50%条件下水平静置 2小时。 检测样品为实施例 1、 2、 3制备的仿生胶。
(2 )将试片胶面朝上, 平整地固定在 BF-NX-770胶带初粘性试验机(东 莞市贝尔试验设备有限公司生产) 规定的位置上。 斜槽滚球装置的倾斜角为 21。 30'。 把滚球 (14fl钢球 (直径 11. 112匪)) 安置在规定的起始位置, 操作 控制杆, 使滚球滚下, 测定滚球停止滚动的距离。 该距离是从倾斜槽末端到 滚球停止时与胶粘面接触的中心点之间的长度。 重复 3次。 以 3次平均值表 示仿生胶初粘性大小。 结果 (见表 1 ) 实施例 1 的仿生胶的滚动距离最短, 它的初粘性最大, 而实施例 3制备的仿生胶的滚动距离最长, 其初粘性较低。 检测值越小, 表示仿生胶的初粘性越大, 则灵敏度越高, 害虫虫体轻轻接触 到胶滴即被黏住, 对虫体小的害虫也能发挥粘虫作用。 检测值越大, 表示仿 生胶的初粘性越小, 灵敏度越小, 害虫必须以较大的力量接触到胶滴才能被 黏住, 因此只能对较大的害虫发挥粘虫作用, 对虫体较小的害虫则效果不明 显。
表 1 仿生胶初粘性测试结果
仿生胶来源 滚动距离
实施例 1制备的仿生胶 35 mm
实施例 2制备的仿生胶 55 mm
实施例 3制备的仿生胶 65 mm 实施例 5.利用仿生胶防治枸杞园中蓟马和木虱对比试验
(一) 试验设计:
(1)处理: 实施例 1制备的仿生胶, 在使用前加入蓟马性信息素(漳州 英格尔科技开发有限公司生产), 混合均匀。 用量 40 kg/667m2
(2) 对照 1: 去离子水; 用量 50 kg/667m
( 3 ) 对照 2 : 粘虫液: 按照专利 《一种黏凝液及其应用》 (CN200610025325.0)所述方法制备, 配方为聚丙烯酸酰胺 5%和太古油 95%, 混合均匀。 用量 40Kg/667m2
(二) 试验方法: 选择正常管理的 5年生枸杞园, 每个处理随机选择 20 棵树, 于 5月下旬分别以普通农用喷雾器在枸杞树冠喷洒, 从喷雾后第一天 开始, 每天上午 10:00-11:00以 LI-6400光合仪(美国 LI-C0R公司生产)测 试不同处理树冠中部功能叶片的净光合速率(P), 每个处理测 20片叶, 连续 测 7天, 求平均数。 喷雾后 2周, 每个处理分别调查 10株树, 每株树分别按 东、 西、 南、 北 4个方位各调查树冠上的 5片叶, 统计每个叶片上被黏住的 莉马 {Psilothrips in icusB afti)禾口木虱 ( Para trioza sinica Yang & Li ) 的数量, 计算每个叶片上害虫的平均数及标准差
仿生胶对枸杞叶片光合效率及木虱蓟马防治的粘虫效果对比
Figure imgf000010_0001
结果 (见表 2): 和对照 1相比, 采用实施例 1的仿生胶处理对枸杞叶片 和嫩梢的光合作用的影响无显著性差异, 说明用本发明仿生胶对枸杞的叶片 的光合作用没有影响; 而采用对照 2的油性胶处理对枸杞叶片和嫩梢进行喷 雾, 枸杞叶片和嫩梢很快就萎蔫干枯, 失去光合作用能力。
喷雾后 2周 (见表 2), 采用实施例 1的仿生胶处理叶片上的胶滴依然具 有粘性, 可以继续黏住枸杞蓟马和木虱, 而对照 2叶片喷雾处理虽然在开始 阶段也可以黏住少量害虫, 但是叶片受害迅速干枯, 嫩梢萎蔫, 因此无法在 树冠进行喷雾。 说明本发明仿生胶粘虫效果好, 且对植物的光合作用没有不 良影响。
实施例 6 利用仿生胶防治枸杞红瘿蚊对比试验
(一) 试验处理:
( 1 ) 处理: 实施例 2制备的仿生胶。 用量 35 kg/667m2
( 2)对照: 粘虫胶, 按照专利 CN 99120025. X公开的实施例 1的方法制 备, 其组成成份及其比例为: 聚乙烯醇 5%、 十二垸基苯磺酸钙 2%、 硅酸钠 15%、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮 1%、 水 77%。 使用时稀释 200倍。
(二) 试验方法: 选择正常管理且枸杞红瘿蚊 ( aapiella sp. 发生严 重的枸杞园, 于红瘿蚊虫苞 (虫果) 开裂前在树盘内覆盖一层小麦秸杆, 分 别以普通农用喷雾器在树盘内的覆盖物表面喷洒实施例 2的仿生胶或对照粘 虫胶的 200倍稀释液, 各 20株。 喷洒完毕后保持原状, 待红瘿蚊老熟幼虫从 虫苞内完全脱落后, 在不同处理区的树冠下分别东西南北四个方位取样, 每 个处理调查 5棵树, 以直径 8cm的土壤取样器挖取表层 20cm内的土壤, 调查 枸杞红瘿蚊在土中所做茧数。
表 3 仿生胶防治枸杞红瘿蚊试验结果 (单位: 头)
Figure imgf000011_0001
结果 (见表 3 ) 与对照相比, 采用实施例 2 的仿生胶处理的枸杞红瘿蚊 老熟幼虫入土结茧数量显著降低。 据观察, 对照处理在进行喷雾后, 秸杆表 面迅速干燥, 很快丧失粘虫功能, 所形成的微膜容易破裂, 而红瘿蚊老熟幼 虫具弹跳能力, 能够从地面覆盖物缝隙入土化蛹, 对照处理不能有效阻止枸 杞红瘿蚊老熟幼虫入土化蛹, 而本发明仿生胶处理后, 在长达数月的时间内 保持粘性, 枸杞红瘿蚊老熟幼虫降落在秸杆上, 被仿生胶黏住无法弹跳, 从 而无法入土, 暴露在空气中很快失水而亡, 个别漏脱的幼虫虽能化蛹, 但成 虫羽化出土时, 秸杆上的仿生胶依然保持粘性, 继续发挥粘虫作用, 成虫被 黏住, 无法完成交配和产卵。 说明本发明仿生胶的粘虫效果好, 保持粘性时 间长。
实施例 7 利用仿生胶处理过的色板防治白粉虱对比试验
(一) 试验设计:
( 1 )处理: 以手持喷雾器将实施例 3制备的仿生胶在市售黄色纸板(彩 色蜡光纸, 广东骏达纸业有限公司生产) 的正反两面进行喷雾。
( 2 ) 对照: 以市售黄色粘虫纸 (双面覆膜粘虫板, CN 200820141844. 8 沧州佳和生物科技有限公司) 作为对照。
(二) 试验方法: 将仿生胶处理的黄色纸板和对照黄色粘虫纸分别剪成 lOcm X 10cm的纸片,悬挂于白粉虱( Trialeurodes vaporarioru (Westwood) ) 发生严重的黄瓜大棚内, 每个处理分别悬挂 9 片, 悬挂高度距离黄瓜新梢 10cm, 悬挂后 2天, 检查黏住的白粉虱数量。
表 4在黄色板上喷洒仿生胶诱杀白粉虱的对比试验结果 (单位: 头)
Figure imgf000012_0001
结果 (见表 4 ) 采用本发明仿生胶喷洒的黄色纸板诱杀白粉虱的数量比 市售黄色粘虫纸诱杀数量高出一倍。本发明仿生胶不仅白天可以诱杀白粉虱, 夜间还可以发射黄色荧光, 具有更强的引诱效果。 结果说明本发明仿生胶粘 虫效果好。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式, 但本发明的实施方式并不受上述 实施例的限制, 其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、 修饰、 替代、 组合、 简化, 均应为等效的置换方式, 都包含在本发明的保护 范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种仿生胶, 其特征在于其原料组成成分及其质量百分比为: 丙烯酸 软单体 25〜50%, 丙烯酸单体 1〜5%, 非离子乳化剂 0. 1〜0. 3%, 阴离子乳 化剂 0. 1〜0. 8%, 催化剂 0. 2〜0. 6%, 防腐剂 0. 1〜0. 3%, 消泡剂 0. 02— 0. 05%, 余量为去离子水。
2、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的丙烯酸软单体为 丙烯酸乙酯、 甲基丙烯酸乙酯、 丙烯酸丁酯、 甲基丙烯酸丁酯、 丙烯酸辛酯、 丙烯酸异辛酯、 甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸异丁酯之一种或它们之间的混
3、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的丙烯酸单体是指 丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸。
4、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的非离子乳化剂为 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、 脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、 聚醚改性三硅氧垸之一种或它们之 间的混合物。
5、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的阴离子乳化剂是 指脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、 垸基醚硫酸盐、 垸芳基醚硫酸盐或琥珀酸酯磺 酸盐之一种或它们之间的混合物。
6、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的催化剂为无机过 氧化物; 所述的无机过氧化物为过硫酸钠、 过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
7、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的防腐剂为异噻唑 啉酮类化合物或溴硝醇类化合物。
8、 按照权利要求 1所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于所述的消泡剂为聚硅氧 垸类化合物、 聚醚类化合物或矿物油消泡剂。
9、 按照权利要求 1〜8 任一所述的仿生胶, 其特征在于还添加以下成 分: 荧光类物质或昆虫信息素至少一种; 其中所述的荧光类物质按照质量百 分比为 0. 1〜5%的比例添加; 所述的昆虫信息素按照质量百分比为 0. 01〜
10、 权利要求 1所述的仿生胶的制备方法, 其特征在于包括以下步骤: ( 1 )按照比例向反应釜 1内加入去离子水、 阴离子乳化剂、 丙烯酸软单 体和丙烯酸单体, 在转速为 40〜60 rpm条件下搅拌 15〜20 min, 得乳化液; 其中去离子水的加入质量百分比约为去离子水总添加量的 7〜25%;阴离子乳 化剂的加入质量百分比约为阴离子乳化剂总添加量的 70〜90%;
(2)向反应釜 2内加入去离子水、阴离子乳化剂、 催化剂,然后在 70〜 90°C、 转速 40〜50 rpm条件下进行搅拌反应 10〜15 min; 反应釜 2自始至终 以 40〜50 rpm转速进行搅拌; 其中所述的去离子水的加入量约为去离子水总 添加量的 70〜88%; 所述的阴离子乳化剂的加入质量百分比为阴离子乳化剂 总添加量的 10〜30%; 所述的催化剂的加入质量百分比为催化剂总添加量的 10-20%;
(3 )从反应釜 1中抽取质量百分比为 5〜30%的乳化液注入反应釜 2中, 然后搅拌 10〜15 min;
(4)将催化剂置于去离子水中溶解; 将反应釜 1内余下的乳化液滴加入 反应釜 2中,滴加时间为 3〜4 hr;同时滴加溶解后的催化剂,滴加时间为 20〜 30 min; 滴加完毕后, 保温 50〜70 min; 其中所述的去离子水的加入质量百 分比为其总添加量的 5〜23 % ; 所述的催化剂的加入质量百分比为催化剂添 加总量的 80〜90%, 其中余下的乳化液的质量百分比为乳化液总量的 70〜 95%;
(5 ) 反应釜 2降温至 40〜50°C, 按照比例向反应釜 2中加入防腐剂、 消泡剂、 非离子乳化剂, 搅拌 10〜15 min, 80〜100 目过滤, 收集滤液, 所 得滤液即为仿生胶。
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