WO2012069542A1 - Medizinisches gerät - Google Patents
Medizinisches gerät Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012069542A1 WO2012069542A1 PCT/EP2011/070823 EP2011070823W WO2012069542A1 WO 2012069542 A1 WO2012069542 A1 WO 2012069542A1 EP 2011070823 W EP2011070823 W EP 2011070823W WO 2012069542 A1 WO2012069542 A1 WO 2012069542A1
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- Prior art keywords
- led
- radiation
- medical device
- carrier
- optical
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
- A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
- A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
- A61B1/00096—Optical elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/043—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances for fluorescence imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0653—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements with wavelength conversion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0676—Endoscope light sources at distal tip of an endoscope
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
- A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
- A61B1/0684—Endoscope light sources using light emitting diodes [LED]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
- A61B2090/309—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure using white LEDs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/30—Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a medical device having a lighting or irradiation device having at least one LED according to the preamble of claim 1. Due to their size, LEDs are suitable for being arranged as illumination or irradiation device at the distal end of an endoscope. Such a lighting or irradiation device has the advantage that it is possible to dispense with light guides for illumination in the endoscope shaft and that only electrical connection lines are required here.
- This light or this radiation then does not contribute to the illumination or irradiation, but merely leads to an additional heating of the LED. It is possible and known to arrange the LED surrounding a reflector, which, however, leads to an increase in the lateral extent, which is problematic in view of the small installation space at the distal endoscope tip. Another problem arises from the fact that the optical converter is heated by the waste heat of the LED, whereby the efficiency of the fluorescent dyes is reduced.
- optical filters which are designed as interference filters, is that the wavelength-related selectivity of such filters depends on the angle of the incident beam. Since the incident rays are directed in various directions, only limited effect can be achieved with such an optical filter, so that the unwanted heating of the LED is only limitedly avoided and the efficiency can only be increased to a limited extent.
- an object of the invention to provide an improved medical device with a lighting device having at least one LED which, when the size is smaller, results in greater efficiency, i.e. greater efficiency. allows an increased light or radiation output while reduced power consumption.
- the medical device according to the invention has athereging. Irradiation device, which has at least one light emitting diode or an LED.
- Irradiation device which has at least one light emitting diode or an LED.
- a medical device may, for example, be a light projector which generates radiation or light which is used for illumination in a medical instrument, for example an endoscope.
- the light projector for coupling the generated radiation into a light guide cable or the fibers of a Lichtleitka- lever can be configured.
- the medical device may be an endoscope.
- the illumination or irradiation device is preferably at the distal end, d. H. however, it could also be arranged in the proximal direction at a distance from the distal tip of the endoscope, in which case an optical waveguide could additionally be arranged between the illumination or irradiation device and the distal end of the endoscope. In this case, the lighting or irradiation device could be the described light projector.
- an optical converter is mounted downstream, so that the radiation emitted by the LED strikes the optical converter or passes through the optical converter.
- the optical converter contains at least one fluorescent dye. This can be embedded in a transparent body, for example made of transparent plastic or glass.
- the fluorescent dyes in the form of particles are preferably distributed uniformly in the optical converter or the body forming it. It is also possible to arrange the fluorescent dyes on one or more surfaces of the optical converter or a support body of the optical converter.
- the at least one fluorescence Cenz dye is chosen so that it causes a long-wave extension or a complete long-wave conversion of the light emitted by the LED radiation or light spectrum.
- the light or radiation spectrum emitted by the LED is, for example, in the short-wave blue spectral range.
- an optical converter in which a suitably chosen fluorescent dye or several suitable selected fluorescent dyes are included, it is possible to extend this short-wave radiation in the long-wavelength spectral range or completely convert it into radiation of the long-wavelength range by the short-wavelength of the LED generated light or the short-wave radiation generated by the LED which excites fluorescent dyes, so that they emit light or radiation in the long-wave range, in particular broadband in the yellow area.
- the thickness of the optical converter and / or the concentration of the fluorescent dyes can be selected so that the entire radiation emitted by the LED and arriving in the converter is converted by the fluorescent dyes.
- the thickness of the optical converter and / or the concentration of the fluorescent color substance is chosen such that not all of the light emitted by the LED or the entire radiation emitted by the LED is converted by the fluorescent dyes, then the short wavelength of the LED is complementary light emitted or the short-wave radiation emitted by the LED and the long-wavelength light emitted by the fluorescent dye (s).
- white light or white radiation can be composed of the short-wave blue and the long-wave yellow light or the short-wave blue and the long-wave yellow radiation.
- a broadband light or radiation spectrum can thus be generated.
- the fluorescent dye (s) may also be selected to emit narrow band in one or more long wavelength spectral regions, for example, light or radiation of wavelengths around 540 or 560 nm. If human tissue is illuminated with such light or radiation, one will succeed High contrast representation of the near-surface vessels. Due to the high absorption of radiation from these wavelength ranges by the hemoglobin contained in the blood, the vessels appear more or less black compared to the surrounding tissue. In this way, a more targeted differentiation between different tissue or tissue shapes can be achieved.
- the endoscope more radiation for the desired illumination purpose available is the endoscopically visible space more light or radiation available.
- the optical and thermal decoupling between optical converter and LED can preferably be achieved by arranging at least one optical separating means and preferably one thermal separating means between the at least one LED and the optical converter.
- a thermal release agent By a thermal release agent, a thermal decoupling or heat insulation between the LED and converter can be achieved, so that in particular an undesirable heating of the optical converter can be prevented by the waste heat of the LED.
- the above-described radiation transition between LED and converter and in the opposite direction is selectively influenced, so that the generated radiation can be directed in particular in a desired direction, namely targeted in the distal direction, so that the backward, ie proximally, directed radiation is emitted from the fluorescent dyes, can be minimized or at least not fully reach the LED.
- a thermal separating means is arranged between the at least one LED and the optical converter, which consists of a transparent, thermally insulating material emitted from the radiation emitted to the LED.
- the optical converter and the at least one LED are spaced apart so that an air layer or another thermally insulating gas is arranged between the two.
- an evacuated space between converter and LED may be provided to minimize the heat transfer.
- an optical separating means is further arranged between the at least one LED and the optical converter in the beam path, which optionally may simultaneously serve as a thermal release agent.
- This optical separating means is designed as an optical low-pass filter which is substantially transparent to the radiation generated by the LED and substantially reflective to the radiation of longer wavelength from the at least one fluorescent dye.
- Such an optical low-pass filter ensures that the short-wave radiation emitted by the LED can pass through the filter unhindered and thus can enter the optical converter from the LED and strike the fluorescent dye (s) there.
- the longer-wavelength light emitted by the fluorescent dyes or the longer-wave radiation emitted by the fluorescent dyes can not pass through the low-pass filter and is reflected at this.
- the radiation component emitted by the fluorescent dyes which is directed in the proximal direction, ie toward the at least one LED, does not strike the LED, but is reflected at the low-pass filter and thus likewise in the desired distal direction, ie desired direction of illumination or irradiation is directed.
- the optical low-pass filter is applied on a carrier arranged between the LED and the optical converter on its surface facing the optical converter.
- the carrier is spaced from the LED and between the carrier and the LED a medium is arranged in the beam path from the LED to the carrier, which has a lower refractive index for the radiation emitted by the LED than the material from which the carrier is formed.
- the insufficient effect of the low-pass filter due to its angle-dependent selectivity can be reduced.
- the optical low-pass filter is preferably designed as an interference filter.
- An interference filter is an optical filter, which usually consists of a plurality of dielectric thin layers, which are applied to the carrier. Such a filter transmits light or radiation of specific wavelengths and at the same time reflects light or radiation of other wavelengths. This wavelength-related selectivity is based on constructive and destructive interference between direct light and radiation reflected multiple times at the junctions between the thin layers. Based on this functional principle almost any transmission spectra can be generated. This makes it possible to design the low-pass filter such that a virtually unhindered transmission of the radiation emitted by the LED is made possible, and at the same time a substantially complete reflection of the radiation emitted by the fluorescent dyes is achieved.
- this wavelength-dependent selectivity is also angle-dependent. Ie. it depends on the angle of the beam incident on the layer sequence of the interference filter. Ie. The above-described wavelength-related selectivity can only be ensured for certain angles of incidence of the radiation. With angles deviating more strongly from the vertical incidence, the change in the wavelength-related transmission behavior increases disproportionately.
- the LED can be regarded as a Lambert radiator or at least as a radiator similar to the Lambert radiator, that is to say as a radiation source in which the lambertian cosine law applies to the emitted light or the emitted radiation. This means that the LED emits its emitted radiation in all directions of the half-space in front of it.
- the spectrum of the angles with which the rays emitted by the LED strike the optical low-pass filter is correspondingly large, and the deviation of the wavelength-related transmission behavior is correspondingly strong, so that the low-pass filter does not exhibit the desired effect for all the beams.
- the medium between the carrier and the LED has a lower refractive index than the material of the carrier causes a refractive index jump at the interface between this medium and the carrier of the optical low-pass filter.
- the rays emanating from the LED in all directions of the half-space lying in front of it are refracted to the solder when hitting the carrier in accordance with Snell's law of refraction.
- the carrier on which the optical low-pass filter is applied, consists of a material which is transparent to the radiation emitted by the LED and has a significantly higher refractive index than the medium between the carrier and the LED.
- the refractive index of the carrier for the radiation emitted by the LED is particularly preferably at least 0.4, more preferably at least 0.75 and particularly preferably at least 1 higher than that of the carrier Refractive index of the medium between the LED and the carrier.
- the medium between the carrier and the LED for the radiation emitted by the LED has a refractive index> 1.
- the medium between the LED and the carrier has a refractive index which corresponds to the refractive index of the material terminating the LED towards the medium.
- a refractive index which corresponds to the refractive index of the material terminating the LED towards the medium.
- the carrier on which the optical low-pass filter is applied should be provided with an antireflection coating on the surface facing the LED, which is preferably designed for the wavelength range and the angular range of the light emitted by the LED or the radiation emitted by the LED is.
- This coating reduces the Fresnel losses that occur at the LED-facing surface of the optical filter carrier so that the losses due to reflection of beams as they move from the medium between the LED and the carrier toward the carrier are reduced.
- the medium between LED and carrier may be a gas, in particular air.
- the medium can be an elastic and inherently stable material. terial, such as an elastomer.
- the medium is glued between the LED and the carrier with the LED and / or the carrier. This can be carried out particularly preferably in that the medium itself has sticky properties.
- the LED of the medical device according to the invention can emit a radiation spectrum which comprises visible light and / or non-visible radiation.
- the visible light can be used for lighting purposes.
- the non-visible radiation can be used, for example, for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes and be used simultaneously or alternatively to the visible light.
- the selected fluorescent dyes are tuned to the radiation emitted by the LED that the illumination or irradiation device emits the desired radiation spectrum on the output side of the converter, which may also consist of visible light and / or non-visible radiation.
- the separate carrier for the optical low-pass filter may preferably be firmly connected to the converter, in particular glued. In this way, a good optical transition between the carrier and the optical low-pass filter and the converter is achieved.
- the converter may be further preferably connected to at least one of its surfaces with at least one réelleleit- element whose material preferably has a greater thermal conductivity than the material of the converter.
- a material can cover the converter, for example, on a surface or surround it on the outer circumference, so that the heat loss generated in the converter can be dissipated by the heat-conducting element, preferably in the late-riser direction. In this way, the loss of heat generated in the converter can in any case be dissipated so that, if possible, it does not lead to additional heating of the LED. representation
- heat removal via a heat lightener may maintain the temperature of the converter within the optimum range, thereby improving the efficiency of the fluorescent dyes by reducing the temperatures encountered.
- the heat-conducting element can also be formed by a protective glass covering the optical converter at the distal end, which is preferably in direct heat-conducting connection with the converter.
- the protective glass can extend laterally beyond the converter, so that an enlarged surface for heat dissipation is created.
- the heat-conducting element with adjacent parts of the device, in particular a device shaft in heat-conducting connection.
- the medical device is an endoscope.
- the heat-conducting element is preferably with adjacent parts of the endoscope, in particular an endoscope shaft in thermally conductive connection. In this way, the heat generated in the converter by the heat-conducting to adjacent device or endoscope parts, in particular the Adjustcre. Endoscope shaft are derived.
- the heat-conducting element is formed, for example, by a protective glass or cover glass connected to the converter, this can extend beyond the outer circumference of the converter in the radial or lateral direction and in this region with parts of the endoscope tip and in particular parts of the endoscope shaft in heat-conducting connection be to distribute the heat in the endoscope tip and remove it from the optical converter.
- the optical converter is arranged directly adjacent to the distal tip of the endoscope or directly adjacent to a protective glass arranged on the distal tip of the endoscope.
- the light emitted by the converter or the radiation emitted by the converter can be used for illumination or irradiation. be optimally conducted or scattered in the area to be illuminated, without causing unwanted reflection losses.
- the converter itself may form the final protective or cover glass at the distal tip of the endoscope.
- the optical converter can be additionally coated on its distal side, ie the side facing the distal end of the endoscope, for example in order to increase the scratch resistance or wear resistance of the surface.
- known coatings can be used.
- the material of the converter or its body itself is selected so that it fulfills the desired requirements for mechanical, chemical and optionally thermal resistance.
- it may be a glass or glass-like material in which the fluorescent dye particles are embedded.
- the at least one LED is connected on a side facing away from the optical converter with a heat-conducting element, which is designed for heat dissipation in the proximal direction.
- a heat-conducting element which is designed for heat dissipation in the proximal direction.
- This may be, for example, the electrical connection line, which simultaneously serves for heat dissipation in the proximal direction.
- the electrical connection line may be formed as a coaxial cable with enlarged conductor cross-sections in order to improve the heat dissipation.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of a lighting or
- FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of a lighting or
- FIG. 14 shows the spectral intensity distribution for a combination of
- the distal endoscope tip 2 shown by way of example in FIG. 1 has a centrally arranged image recording unit 4 in the form of a camera.
- This image pickup unit 4 has, in a known manner, an objective 6, an image sensor 8 located behind it, electronic components 10 and connection lines 12.
- two illumination or irradiation units 14 are arranged, which constitute the essential component of the invention represent.
- the illumination or irradiation units 14 each have at least one LED 16 as the light or radiation source, which is supplied with electrical energy via a connection line 18 extending proximally.
- the at least one LED ie the actual LED chip 16 is arranged at the distal end of a carrier 20, which may be part of an electrical connection line.
- the carrier 20 serves to dissipate the heat generated by the LED heat loss.
- the LED is followed by an optical converter 22.
- the optical converter 22 is formed by a transparent body 24, for example made of epoxy resin or silicone, in which evenly distributed, fluorescent dye particles 26 are embedded.
- the illumination unit 14 is terminated on the distal side by a protective glass 28.
- a thermal separation between the LED 1 6 and the optical converter 22 is provided by a free space or air gap 30. Ie. the LED 16 does not directly adjoin the optical converter 22 and is not directly connected thereto. In this way, direct heat transfer between the LED 16 and the optical converter 22 is prevented, so that heating of the optical converter 22 by the waste heat of the LED can be reduced or prevented.
- the converter 22 may be provided with an antireflection coating on its side facing the air gap 30.
- the free space which forms the air gap 30 could also be filled with a material which is characterized by a low thermal conductivity but at the same time is transparent to the radiation emitted by the LED.
- the material may also be selected to achieve refractive index matching between the LED 16 on the one side and the optical converter 22 on the other side, thereby reducing optical losses at the junctions.
- the material with which the free space of the air gap 30 is filled can be, for example, silicone or an optical cement.
- the entire lighting unit 14 is mounted in a hollow cylinder 32.
- the hollow cylinder 32 is designed to be highly reflective on its inner wall both for the radiation emitted by the fluorescent dye particle 26 and for the light emitted by the LED 16, so that the radially or laterally directed radiation components are also reflected in the distal direction towards the protective glass 28, and for the Lighting or irradiation are used.
- the optical converter 22 can also form the protective glass closing the illumination or irradiation unit at the distal end, ie the transparent body 24 is covered by a glass, a vitreous material or a durable plastic, eg. B. formed a suitable epoxy resin in which the fluorescent dye particles 26 are embedded.
- the additional protective glass 28, as shown in the examples, can be dispensed with here. This is indicated in FIGS. 2, 7, 11 and 12 by the dashed representation of the protective glass 28.
- the structure is simplified.
- the optical converter 22 may be provided at its distal surface with a suitable coating to increase its mechanical and chemical resistance.
- an optical low-pass filter 34 is provided in the beam path between LED 16 and converter 22, which is arranged on the proximal side of the optical converter 22, ie between the air gap 30 and the optical converter 22.
- This optical low-pass filter 34 is designed such that it is transparent to the short-wave radiation emitted by the LED 1 6 and reflective for the long-wave radiation emitted by the fluorescent dye particles 26. This configuration ensures that the short-wave radiation emitted by the LED 16 can pass through the optical low-pass filter 34 and enter the optical converter 22, where it then partially or completely strikes the fluorescent dye particle 26 and this emits long-wave radiation stimulates. This long-wave radiation will in part be directed back in the proximate direction and then impinges again on the optical low-pass filter 34.
- the thickness or height of the converter 22 When reducing the thickness or height of the converter 22, it must be taken into account that less short-wave radiation emitted by the LED 16 is converted into longer-wave converter radiation by the implementation of this measure, and accordingly a higher proportion of the short-wave radiation emitted by the LED 16 Radiation in the room to be illuminated, for example the endoscopically visible space available than at not reduced thickness or height of the converter 22. To compensate for this, but still the original ratio of radiation from the short-wave spectrum and radiation from the longer-wave To maintain the spectrum, the thickness or height of the converter 22 must be reduced less than if it were only intended to restore the portion of longer-wave radiation available without the optical low-pass filter 34 in the space to be illuminated.
- the proportion of longer-wave radiation must also be higher than in the configuration without optical low-pass filter 34, which is achieved by a correspondingly adapted reduction of the thickness or height of the converter 22.
- the realization of the optical low-pass filter thus produces several positive effects with regard to efficiency optimization: more light or radiation is produced directly for the room to be illuminated, since longer-wave light emitted in the proximal direction is deflected in the distal direction.
- an optical separation between the optical converter 22 and the LED 16 is realized by the low-pass filter 34, which forms an optical isolating element.
- the air gap 30 or free space 30 can be filled with a medium which is characterized by a low thermal conductivity, for which the radiation emitted by the LED is transparent and performs a refractive index adaptation as described above.
- the optical low-pass filter 34 is applied to a separate carrier 36, which is not shown in FIG. 2.
- the optical low-pass filter 34 is on the distal, d. H. the optical converter 22 facing surface of the carrier 36 is applied.
- the carrier 36 may for example be a glass plate but also be made of another suitable transparent material.
- the carrier 36 with the low-pass filter 34 may be bonded to the body 24.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the spectrum 41 of a conventional LED-based white-light illumination. It can be seen that the intensity profile has a first spectrally narrow-band maximum 38 at a wavelength of approximately 450 nm. The light from the entire region around this maximum 38 to the adjacent curve minimum in the long wave - in Fig. 3 at about 480 nm - essentially comes from the LED 16. A second broadband spectral maximum 4 is in the long wave at 550 nm. The light from the entire range around this maximum 40, ie from the aforementioned curve minimum to the long-wave end of the curve at approximately 720 nm essentially originates from the fluorescent dye particles 26 of the converter 22.
- the optical low-pass filter 34 due to its spatial positioning between the LED 1 6 and the converter 22 with respect to its transmission characteristic 37 is selected so that it for the light or the radiation which in the 3 is the narrow spectral range around the first maximum 38 to the minimum of about 480 nm, is transparent and that it is for the light, which is essentially the fluorescent dye particles 26, ie in Fig. 3, the broad spectral range around the second maximum 40 at about 550 nm from the minimum curve to about 480 nm, is reflective.
- the optical low-pass filter 34 is designed as an interference filter.
- an optical low-pass filter 34 which is shown in FIG. 3 and is ideal in terms of efficiency optimization, applies only to a certain angle of the incident beam, namely to the angle for which it is located. calculated and realized, for example for the vertical angle of incidence (0 °). With increasingly different angles of incidence from the vertical angle of incidence, the filter edge 39 shifts further and further to the shortwave and at the same time loses its steepness.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates this situation: while for beams with an angle of incidence of 0 °, the filter edge 39 (0 °) is located at the minimum of the spectrum 41 and is still characterized by a steep drop, the filter edge 39 (20 °) for rays with an angle of incidence of 20 ° visibly shifted into the short-wave, where they can still maintain their steepness substantially.
- the shift of the filter edge 39 (40 °) to short-wave has already increased disproportionately, so that it is now in the range of the maximum 38 of the spectrum 41. In addition, she has lost significantly in steepness.
- the LED 1 6 can be considered in a first approximation as Lambert emitters, ie from them go - albeit in accordance with the Lambert cosine law with different weighting - the rays in all directions of lying before her half-space, see Fig. 5. There is shown the LED 1 6 and the angle-dependent light intensity or radiant intensity. The relative amount of the angle-dependent light intensity or radiant intensity is indicated by the different lengths of the arrows.
- FIG. 6 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2 and shows, by way of example, arbitrarily selected beams 51, 52, 53, 54 of the beam, which emanates, for example, from an arbitrarily selected point 50 of the surface of the LED 16.
- the optical low-pass filter 34 embodied as an interference filter, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 12, is applied to a separate carrier 36 on the side of the carrier 36 facing the converter.
- the carrier 36 with the optical low-pass filter 34 can be used for reduction the Fresnel losses at the transition from the optical low-pass filter 34 to the body 24 can be glued to the body 24.
- the carrier 36 consists of a radiation or light, transparent medium, emitted by the LED 16.
- the material or medium of the carrier 36 is characterized by a refractive index which is higher, for example, at least 0.4 higher than the refractive index of the material or medium in the space 30 between the LED 1 6 and the carrier 36 for the interference filter.
- the carrier 36 for the illustrated application (conventional LED-based white light illumination or broadband LED-based yellow illumination), for example, with a refractive index for the radiation emitted by the LED should be> 1.5. Rays emitted by the LED which impinge on the carrier 36 are refracted by the refractive index jump from the medium in the clearance 30 to the medium of the carrier 36 towards the solder, so that they impinge at smaller angles on the layer sequence of the optical low-pass filter 34 embodied as an interference filter as shown in Fig. 6. The efficiency of the designed as an interference filter optical Low-pass filter 34 is thus improved over the arrangement as shown in FIG.
- a material or medium is selected for the carrier 36 whose refractive index for the radiation emitted by the LED 16 is significantly greater, for example at least 0.75, than the refractive index of the medium in the free space 30
- a material or medium is selected for the carrier 36 whose refractive index for the radiation emitted by the LED 16 is at least 1 greater than the refractive index of the medium in the free space 30.
- the carrier 36 for the illustrated application in the first case, for example, in YAG with a refractive index for the radiation emitted by the LED be executed greater than 1, 8, and in the second case, for example e in extremely high index glass with a refractive index of 2.2.
- the rays emitted by the LED 16 are, on entering the medium of the carrier 36, broken even more strongly towards the solder in relation to the previously described case, so that they with even smaller angles on the layer sequence of the executed as an interference filter optical low-pass filter 34 encounter. The efficiency can be further increased thereby.
- FIG. 8 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 7 and shows, for example, the beams 51, 52, 53, 54 of the beam previously selected arbitrarily, which emanate, for example, from an arbitrarily selected point 50 of the surface of the LED 16. It becomes clear that the rays emanating from this point 50 are now at a much smaller angle on the optical filter designed as an interference filter. see low-pass filter 34 impinge. This means that even for those beams which leave the point 50 of the LED at a relatively large angle, thus for example for the beams 53 and 54, the transmission characteristic now valid for them only insignificantly from the specified transmissioncharacteristic risk 37, as they is shown in Fig. 3, deviates.
- the designed as interference filter optical low-pass filter 34 can thus work much more efficient.
- FIG. 9 shows an LED 16, which is closed, for example, with a transparent and flat glass disk 60, for example a glass sheet with a refractive index of 1.5, that is transparent to the radiation of the LED 1 6.
- the converter 22 as well as the optical low-pass filter 34 and its carrier 36 are limited in their lateral extent-for example due to their design.
- only a region of the converter 22 which is limited in the lateral direction should be excited to fluoresce, in order for example to generate a light source with a correspondingly limited emission surface, for example for efficient light / radiation coupling into a thin fiber bundle.
- the medium in the space 30 between the LED 16 and the carrier 36 is a medium with a lower refractive index, for example air with a refractive index of approximately 1, then a substantial part of the radiation generated in the LED may be due to total reflection caused by the refractive index jump from the glass disc 60 to the medium in the clearance 30, do not leave the LED 16, as shown, for example, on the beam 61.
- This jet 61 hits the interface between the two media at a relatively large angle.
- another part can emerge from the LED 16 or the final glass disc 60, but undergoes Fresnel losses due to the aforementioned refractive index jump, as shown for example at the beam 62 with the additional dashed arrow.
- the LED 16 generated radiation is deflected by the aforementioned refractive index jump on entry into the medium in the free space 30 to the side so that it does not hit the converter 22 or at least not incident in the optionally required material bounded area of the converter 22, as For example, shown on the beam 63, and accordingly can not contribute in the required manner for lighting or irradiation.
- the medium in the free space 30 between the LED 16 and the carrier 36 is characterized by a refractive index which corresponds to higher than 1 or ideally, as shown in FIG. 10, to the refractive index of the glass wafer 60 used by way of example therein, Accordingly, it is in the range of 1, 5.
- the total reflection then plays a significantly lower or no role for the radiation generated in the LED 16, as is shown by way of example with reference to FIG. 10 on the beam 61, which in FIG. 9 still totally reflects at the interface of glass disks 60 and free space 30 has been.
- the Fresnel losses at the interface of glass discs 60 and space 30 a significantly lower or no role, as shown for example on the beam 62, which could leave in Fig.
- the medium in the free space 30 is preferably formed by an elastic and intrinsically stable material. This ensures that the medium in the space 30 both to the LED 16 as also attaches the carrier 36 well.
- the medium in the clearance 30 may be an elastomer. Particularly preferred may be a silicone or silicone gel.
- the medium may be designed as a sticky medium, so that it adheres on the one hand to the LED 16 and on the other hand to the carrier 36. As a result, a permanent coupling of LED 16 and carrier 36 via the medium in the free space 30 is ensured.
- a medium may for example be designed as a mixture of silicone, rubber and silicone oil.
- the plane and smooth glass disc 60 of the LED 1 6, which is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, represents a possible embodiment and could for example also be formed by the LED conductor material itself.
- an antireflection coating 64 is applied to the carrier 36 on the proximal side, that is to say on the side toward the free space 30.
- the antireflection coating is embodied, for example, as an interference filter and optimized for the wavelength range of the radiation emitted by the LED 16 and its angular range. This antireflection coating 64 eliminates or at least reduces the Fresnel losses that would be incurred in the transition from the medium in the free space 30 to the medium of the support 36 without antireflection coating.
- the protective glass 28 and the carrier 36 of the optical low-pass filter 34 are extended in the lateral direction or in the radial direction beyond the extent of the optical converter 22.
- the carrier 36 and the protective glass 28 in this embodiment preferably not only have sufficiently transparent properties, but moreover preferably also a good thermal conductivity, the carrier 36 and / or the protective glass 28 may be made of sapphire, for example. In addition, they are preferably in good heat-conducting connection with the body 24 of the optical converter 22. With respect to the further features of this embodiment, reference is also made to the preceding description.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 show two further examples of the spectral composition of the radiation emitted by the illumination unit 14.
- the intensity is plotted against the wavelength.
- the transmission characteristic 37 of the optical low-pass filter 34 is shown in the diagrams.
- FIG. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment in which a special illumination for improved vessel imaging in human tissue is desired.
- the radiation pattern has a first maximum 38 in the short-wave range. Again, this is the radiation that is emitted by the LED 1 6.
- the radiation profile also has a second maximum 42 in the longer wavelength region at about 550 nm. This is the radiation emitted by the fluorescent dye particles 26.
- the fluorescent dyes or the fluorescent dye is selected such that the short-wave radiation of the LED is converted in a region around 405 nm or 410 nm into longer-wave radiation in the region of 550 nm.
- the optical low-pass filter 34 is selected so that the short-wave radiation in the region of the first maximum 38th ⁇ ransmi ⁇ ier ⁇ and the longer-wave radiation in the region of the second maximum 42 is reflected.
- FIG. 14 Another application is shown in the diagram of FIG. 14. Again, there is a first intensity maximum 38 in the short-wave range, which corresponds to the radiation emitted by the LED 16.
- the fluorescent dyes are selected so that a second maximum 40 with a longer wavelength, as shown in Fig. 3, is generated.
- the maxima 38 and 40 together form a white light illumination.
- a fluorescent dye is provided here, which generates a third maximum 44 in a narrow band in the longer wavelength region around 830 nm. This illumination is used for angiography by means of fluorescent markers.
- an optical low-pass filter 34 in the manner described above can be adapted in its transmission such that the short-wave radiation, in particular in the region of the first maximum 38, is transmitted and the longer-wavelength radiation is reflected in the region of the second and third maxima.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE112011103919T DE112011103919A5 (de) | 2010-11-25 | 2011-11-23 | Endoskop |
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DE102013201809A1 (de) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-08-07 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Medizinisches Instrument |
JP2017225861A (ja) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-28 | オリンパス株式会社 | 光源装置およびそれを備えた内視鏡装置 |
WO2019158168A1 (de) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Medizinisch-endoskopisches instrument |
WO2019187637A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 内視鏡用発光装置及びそれを用いた内視鏡、並びに蛍光イメージング方法 |
WO2020162243A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-04 | 2020-08-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発光装置及びそれを用いた医療装置 |
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JPWO2020217671A1 (de) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | ||
DE102020216541A1 (de) | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-23 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Vorrichtung und Verfahren für eine Fluoreszenzmessung für eine Analyse einer biochemischen Probe |
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CN111918598B (zh) * | 2018-02-14 | 2024-06-14 | 理查德·沃尔夫有限公司 | 医疗内窥镜器械 |
KR20200119318A (ko) * | 2018-02-14 | 2020-10-19 | 리하르트 볼프 게엠베하 | 의료용 내시경기구 |
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CN111885953B (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2023-11-07 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 内窥镜用发光装置及使用了该发光装置的内窥镜以及荧光成像方法 |
US11395583B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-07-26 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Endoscope light emitting device, endoscope using same, and fluorescence imaging method |
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WO2020162243A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-04 | 2020-08-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発光装置及びそれを用いた医療装置 |
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JPWO2020162243A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-04 | 2021-12-09 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発光装置及びそれを用いた医療装置 |
JPWO2020217669A1 (de) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | ||
JPWO2020217670A1 (de) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | ||
JP7361346B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 | 2023-10-16 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発光装置並びにそれを用いた医療システム、電子機器及び検査方法 |
JP7361347B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 | 2023-10-16 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 波長変換体、並びにそれを用いた発光装置、医療システム、電子機器及び検査方法 |
JP7361345B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 | 2023-10-16 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 発光装置並びにそれを用いた医療システム、電子機器及び検査方法 |
JPWO2020217671A1 (de) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | ||
WO2020217671A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 波長変換体、並びにそれを用いた発光装置、医療システム、電子機器及び検査方法 |
DE102020216541A1 (de) | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-23 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Vorrichtung und Verfahren für eine Fluoreszenzmessung für eine Analyse einer biochemischen Probe |
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