WO2012069057A1 - An apparatus for removing volatile components from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant - Google Patents

An apparatus for removing volatile components from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012069057A1
WO2012069057A1 PCT/DK2011/050445 DK2011050445W WO2012069057A1 WO 2012069057 A1 WO2012069057 A1 WO 2012069057A1 DK 2011050445 W DK2011050445 W DK 2011050445W WO 2012069057 A1 WO2012069057 A1 WO 2012069057A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
condensation
exhaust gases
condensation body
plant
volatile components
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2011/050445
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lars Witt
Original Assignee
Flsmidth A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flsmidth A/S filed Critical Flsmidth A/S
Publication of WO2012069057A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012069057A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
    • B01D5/0096—Cleaning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/364—Avoiding environmental pollution during cement-manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0233—Other waste gases from cement factories

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant, which plant comprises a preheater for preheating cement raw materials, a kiln for burning cement clinker, and a transition zone between the preheater and the kiln, said apparatus comprising a cooled condensation body having an outer surface temperature which is lower than the condensation temperature of the volatile components and being placed into the exhaust gases at a location where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the mentioned condensation temperature so that volatile components when brought into contact with the condensation body are cooled to a level below their condensation temperature and are thereby condensed and deposited on the condensation body.
  • volatile components such as chloride, alkali and sulphur
  • An apparatus of the aforementioned kind is known from DK 176861 .
  • This known apparatus which is used to reduce the quantity of volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur which have been introduced to a cement manufacturing plant together with the cement raw materials and the fuel, and which circulate in the kiln system of the plant, with potential to cause clogging and unsteady kiln operation, operate, briefly described, according to a principle where the condensation body is alternately introduced into the exhaust gases for collecting volatile components by condensation and deposition of such volatile components on the condensation body and taken out from the exhaust gases for cleaning of deposited condensation products.
  • this known apparatus would require an airtight compartment located outside the location where the condensation body is placed into the exhaust gases and fully enclosing the condensation body and/or the opening through which it is introduced into the exhaust gases and taken out for cleaning.
  • the cleaning procedure involves an interruption of the gas cleaning process, which of course reduces the overall cleaning capacity of the known cleaning equipment.
  • the condensation body may in principle have any appropriate form, however, it is preferred that it have the form of an elongated bar shaped body, which extends into the exhaust gases to be cleaned from a wall of the plant.
  • Such elongated bar may have a cross section of any appropriate form, such as polygonal, however, it is preferred that it has a circular cross section.
  • the means for cleaning the condensation body may be means allowing relative movement of sections of the condensation body itself, however, as such a solution suffers from a high risk of failing because of the dusty environment may probably cause interlocking of neighbouring sections.
  • the means for cleaning the condensation body comprises a stationary elongated scraper bar having essentially the same length as the condensation body and being positioned in close vicinity to the latter.
  • a relative movement between the condensation body and the stationary elongated scarper bar would cause the deposited layer of condensation product to crack and fall off the condensation body, and it is therefore preferred that the condensation body comprises rotation means for rotating it about its centre line. Only a minor angular rotation of a few degrees, i.e. 1 to 5 degrees, should be enough to ensure cracking and falling off of the condensation products.
  • the means for cleaning the condensation body may comprise a thin mantle enveloping the condensation body in tight relation and having a longitudinal slit allowing the mantle to expand, and means for providing such expansion of the mantle, which e.g. may be a lever having an oval cross section and being arranged in the said slit.
  • Some condensation products, such as alkali and sulphur, may be allowed to fall down into the kiln, thus being included in the produced cement clinker. However, condensation products such as chloride would evaporate if allowed to fall down into the kiln and should therefore be removed from the plant.
  • the apparatus may comprise a hopper arranged below the condensation body and a sluice, e.g. a wheel sluice, being in communication with the hopper for sluicing out the condensation products.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a cement manufacturing plant viewed from the side which comprises an apparatus according to the present invention for removing volatile components
  • Fig. 2 shows details of the apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows details of an alternative embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 a sectional view of a plant for manufacturing cement clinker, which plant comprises a preheater 1 for preheating cement raw materials, a rotary kiln 5 in which cement raw materials in counter flow to hot kiln exhaust gases are burned into cement clinker, as well as a transition zone 3 in the form of a riser duct for diverting exhaust gases from the rotary kiln 5 and onward to the preheater 1 .
  • the shown plant further comprises an apparatus 7 according to the invention for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from the cement manufacturing plant, which apparatus 7, in the shown embodiment, is arranged in the transition zone 3 where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the condensation temperature of the volatile components, and comprising a condensation body 9.
  • apparatus 7 for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from the cement manufacturing plant, which apparatus 7, in the shown embodiment, is arranged in the transition zone 3 where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the condensation temperature of the volatile components, and comprising a condensation body 9.
  • the condensation body 9 comprises an elongated bar 9 having a circular cross section and extending into the exhaust gases to be cleaned from a wall 10 of the transition zone 3.
  • means for cleaning the elongated bar 9 is constantly located inside the transition zone 3 accommodating the exhaust gases to be cleaned, thus an airtight compartment located outside the transition zone 3 may be omitted.
  • the means for cleaning the elongated bar 9 comprises a stationary elongated scraper bar 1 1 having essentially the same length as the elongated bar 9 and being positioned in close vicinity to the latter.
  • the elongated bar 9 is connected to rotation means 12 enabling the elongated bar 9 to be rotated about its centre line, thus providing relative movement between the elongated bar 9 and the stationary elongated scarper bar 1 1 , thereby causing the deposited layer, indicated in the cross section view A-A by 13, of condensation product to crack and fall off the elongated bar 9. Only a minor angular rotation of a few degrees, i.e.
  • the means for cleaning the elongated bar 9 comprises a thin mantle 14 enveloping the elongated bar 9 in tight relation and having a longitudinal slit 15 allowing the mantle 14 to expand, and a lever 16 having an oval cross section and being arranged in the said slit 15 for providing such expansion of the mantle 14.
  • the apparatus may comprise a hopper 17 arranged below the elongated bar 9 and a sluice 18, e.g. a wheel sluice, being in communication with the hopper 17 for sluicing out the condensation products, preferably into a silo 19.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Described is an apparatus (7) for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant, which plant comprises a preheater (1) for preheating cement raw materials, a kiln (5) for burning cement clinker, and a transition zone(3)between the preheater (1) and the kiln (5), said apparatus (7) comprising a cooled condensation body (9)having an outer surface temperature which is lower than the condensation temperature of the volatile components and being placed into the exhaust gases at a location where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the mentioned condensation temperature so that volatile components when brought into contact with the condensation body (9) are cooled to a level below their condensation temperature and are thereby condensed and deposited on the condensation body (9).The apparatus is peculiar in that means (11; 14, 16) for cleaning the condensation body (9) is constantly located inside the plant accommodating the exhaust gases to be cleaned. It is hereby obtained that the cleaning procedure of the condensation body may take place inside the plant, thus an airtight compartment may be omitted,and essential without any interruption.

Description

APPARATUS FOR REMOVING VOLATILE COMPONENTS FROM EXHAUST GASES IN A CEMENT MANUFACTURING PLANT
The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant, which plant comprises a preheater for preheating cement raw materials, a kiln for burning cement clinker, and a transition zone between the preheater and the kiln, said apparatus comprising a cooled condensation body having an outer surface temperature which is lower than the condensation temperature of the volatile components and being placed into the exhaust gases at a location where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the mentioned condensation temperature so that volatile components when brought into contact with the condensation body are cooled to a level below their condensation temperature and are thereby condensed and deposited on the condensation body.
An apparatus of the aforementioned kind is known from DK 176861 . This known apparatus which is used to reduce the quantity of volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur which have been introduced to a cement manufacturing plant together with the cement raw materials and the fuel, and which circulate in the kiln system of the plant, with potential to cause clogging and unsteady kiln operation, operate, briefly described, according to a principle where the condensation body is alternately introduced into the exhaust gases for collecting volatile components by condensation and deposition of such volatile components on the condensation body and taken out from the exhaust gases for cleaning of deposited condensation products. First of all, in order to avoid false air to enter the plant this known apparatus would require an airtight compartment located outside the location where the condensation body is placed into the exhaust gases and fully enclosing the condensation body and/or the opening through which it is introduced into the exhaust gases and taken out for cleaning.
In addition, by some of the shown embodiments the cleaning procedure involves an interruption of the gas cleaning process, which of course reduces the overall cleaning capacity of the known cleaning equipment.
It is the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for removing volatile components from a cement manufacturing plant by means of which the aforementioned disadvantages are eliminated or significantly reduced.
According to the invention this is achieved by an apparatus of the kind mentioned in the introduction, and being characterized in that means for cleaning the condensation body is constantly located inside the plant accommodating the exhaust gases to be cleaned.
It is hereby obtained that the cleaning procedure of the condensation body may take place inside the plant, thus an airtight compartment may be omitted, and essential without any interruption.
The condensation body may in principle have any appropriate form, however, it is preferred that it have the form of an elongated bar shaped body, which extends into the exhaust gases to be cleaned from a wall of the plant. Such elongated bar may have a cross section of any appropriate form, such as polygonal, however, it is preferred that it has a circular cross section.
The means for cleaning the condensation body may be means allowing relative movement of sections of the condensation body itself, however, as such a solution suffers from a high risk of failing because of the dusty environment may probably cause interlocking of neighbouring sections. Thus, it is preferred that the means for cleaning the condensation body comprises a stationary elongated scraper bar having essentially the same length as the condensation body and being positioned in close vicinity to the latter. In such embodiment, a relative movement between the condensation body and the stationary elongated scarper bar would cause the deposited layer of condensation product to crack and fall off the condensation body, and it is therefore preferred that the condensation body comprises rotation means for rotating it about its centre line. Only a minor angular rotation of a few degrees, i.e. 1 to 5 degrees, should be enough to ensure cracking and falling off of the condensation products.
In an alternative embodiment, the means for cleaning the condensation body may comprise a thin mantle enveloping the condensation body in tight relation and having a longitudinal slit allowing the mantle to expand, and means for providing such expansion of the mantle, which e.g. may be a lever having an oval cross section and being arranged in the said slit. Some condensation products, such as alkali and sulphur, may be allowed to fall down into the kiln, thus being included in the produced cement clinker. However, condensation products such as chloride would evaporate if allowed to fall down into the kiln and should therefore be removed from the plant. For this purpose the apparatus may comprise a hopper arranged below the condensation body and a sluice, e.g. a wheel sluice, being in communication with the hopper for sluicing out the condensation products.
The invention will now be explained in further details with reference to the drawing, being diagrammatical, and where
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a cement manufacturing plant viewed from the side which comprises an apparatus according to the present invention for removing volatile components , and Fig. 2 shows details of the apparatus according to the invention, and
Fig. 3 shows details of an alternative embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention. In Fig. 1 is seen a sectional view of a plant for manufacturing cement clinker, which plant comprises a preheater 1 for preheating cement raw materials, a rotary kiln 5 in which cement raw materials in counter flow to hot kiln exhaust gases are burned into cement clinker, as well as a transition zone 3 in the form of a riser duct for diverting exhaust gases from the rotary kiln 5 and onward to the preheater 1 . The shown plant further comprises an apparatus 7 according to the invention for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from the cement manufacturing plant, which apparatus 7, in the shown embodiment, is arranged in the transition zone 3 where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the condensation temperature of the volatile components, and comprising a condensation body 9.
In the embodiments shown in Fig. 2 and 3 the condensation body 9 comprises an elongated bar 9 having a circular cross section and extending into the exhaust gases to be cleaned from a wall 10 of the transition zone 3.
According to the invention means for cleaning the elongated bar 9 is constantly located inside the transition zone 3 accommodating the exhaust gases to be cleaned, thus an airtight compartment located outside the transition zone 3 may be omitted.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 the means for cleaning the elongated bar 9 comprises a stationary elongated scraper bar 1 1 having essentially the same length as the elongated bar 9 and being positioned in close vicinity to the latter. In this embodiment, the elongated bar 9 is connected to rotation means 12 enabling the elongated bar 9 to be rotated about its centre line, thus providing relative movement between the elongated bar 9 and the stationary elongated scarper bar 1 1 , thereby causing the deposited layer, indicated in the cross section view A-A by 13, of condensation product to crack and fall off the elongated bar 9. Only a minor angular rotation of a few degrees, i.e. 1 to 5 degrees, should be enough to ensure cracking and falling off of the condensation products. In the alternative embodiment shown in Fig 3, the means for cleaning the elongated bar 9 comprises a thin mantle 14 enveloping the elongated bar 9 in tight relation and having a longitudinal slit 15 allowing the mantle 14 to expand, and a lever 16 having an oval cross section and being arranged in the said slit 15 for providing such expansion of the mantle 14.
Some condensation products, such as alkali and sulphur, may be allowed to fall down into the kiln 5, thus being included in the produced cement clinker. However, condensation products such as chloride would evaporate if allowed to fall down into the kiln 5 and should therefore be removed from the plant. For this purpose the apparatus may comprise a hopper 17 arranged below the elongated bar 9 and a sluice 18, e.g. a wheel sluice, being in communication with the hopper 17 for sluicing out the condensation products, preferably into a silo 19.

Claims

Claims
1 . An apparatus (7) for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant, which plant comprises a preheater (1 ) for preheating cement raw materials, a kiln (5) for burning cement clinker, and a transition zone (3) between the preheater (1 ) and the kiln (5), said apparatus (7) comprising a cooled condensation body (9) having an outer surface temperature which is lower than the condensation temperature of the volatile components and being placed into the exhaust gases at a location where the temperature of the exhaust gases exceeds the mentioned condensation temperature so that volatile components when brought into contact with the condensation body (9) are cooled to a level below their condensation temperature and are thereby condensed and deposited on the condensation body (9), characterized in that means (1 1 ; 14, 16) for cleaning the condensation body (9) is constantly located inside the plant accommodating the exhaust gases to be cleaned.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that the condensation body (9) have the form of an elongated bar (9), which extends into the exhaust gases to be cleaned from a wall (10) of the plant.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the elongated bar (9) has a circular cross section.
4. An apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means (1 1 ) for cleaning the condensation body (9) comprises a stationary elongated scraper bar (1 1 ) having essentially the same length as the condensation body (9) and being positioned in close vicinity to the latter.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in the condensation body (9) comprises rotation means (12) for rotating it about its centre line.
6. An apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means (1 1 ) for cleaning the condensation body (9) comprises a thin mantle (14) enveloping the condensation body (9) in tight relation and having a longitudinal slit (15) allowing the mantle (14) to expand, and means (16) for providing such expansion of the mantle (14).
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the means (16) for providing the expansion of the mantle (14) comprises a lever (16) having an oval cross section and being arranged in the said slit (15).
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a hopper (17) arranged below the condensation body (9) and a sluice (18) being in communication with the hopper (17) for sluicing out condensation products.
PCT/DK2011/050445 2010-11-23 2011-11-22 An apparatus for removing volatile components from exhaust gases in a cement manufacturing plant WO2012069057A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201001059 2010-11-23
DKPA201001059 2010-11-23

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WO2012069057A1 true WO2012069057A1 (en) 2012-05-31

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198247A (en) * 1958-08-05 1965-08-03 Fuller Co Apparatus for the production of hydraulic cement
US3291205A (en) * 1964-05-21 1966-12-13 American Cement Corp Apparatus for alkali metal condensation in cement kilns
DE3212892A1 (en) * 1982-04-06 1983-10-06 Ltg Lufttechnische Gmbh Process for self-cleaning of a surface filter and self-cleaning filter device
WO2009095120A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Flsmidth A/S Method and apparatus for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from a cement manufacturing plant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3198247A (en) * 1958-08-05 1965-08-03 Fuller Co Apparatus for the production of hydraulic cement
US3291205A (en) * 1964-05-21 1966-12-13 American Cement Corp Apparatus for alkali metal condensation in cement kilns
DE3212892A1 (en) * 1982-04-06 1983-10-06 Ltg Lufttechnische Gmbh Process for self-cleaning of a surface filter and self-cleaning filter device
WO2009095120A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Flsmidth A/S Method and apparatus for removing volatile components, such as chloride, alkali and sulphur, from a cement manufacturing plant
DK176861B1 (en) 2008-02-01 2010-01-11 Smidth As F L Device for removing volatile components, such as chlorine, alkali and sulfur, from a cement manufacturing plant

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