WO2012067242A1 - Antenna attachment structure - Google Patents

Antenna attachment structure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012067242A1
WO2012067242A1 PCT/JP2011/076713 JP2011076713W WO2012067242A1 WO 2012067242 A1 WO2012067242 A1 WO 2012067242A1 JP 2011076713 W JP2011076713 W JP 2011076713W WO 2012067242 A1 WO2012067242 A1 WO 2012067242A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiating element
mounting structure
short
conductive path
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/076713
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佑一郎 山口
官　寧
広樹 新田
武 戸倉
雄紀 野口
Original Assignee
株式会社フジクラ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社フジクラ filed Critical 株式会社フジクラ
Priority to DE112011103812T priority Critical patent/DE112011103812T5/en
Publication of WO2012067242A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012067242A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present invention mainly belongs to the technical field of antennas corresponding to wireless devices mounted on mobile objects such as automobiles.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • VICS Vehicle Information and Communication System
  • ETC Electronic Toll Collection; non-stop automatic payment
  • ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
  • the use frequency band of the vehicle-mounted antenna includes the AM frequency from 526.5 kHz to 1606.5 kHz, the VHF frequency from 60 MHz band or 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz, or three large areas in recent years, Kanto, Kinki, and Chukyo.
  • the UHF frequency (470 MHz to 770 MHz) of terrestrial digital broadcasting whose service has been started in the service area is also included and covers a wide range.
  • Patent Document 1 shown below, as shown in FIG. 23, a seat 51 mounted on the inner side of a resin interior material constituting the indoor side of the front pillar of the vehicle body, and the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the seat 51 are arranged.
  • An antenna 53 having an antenna line 52 is disclosed.
  • the sheet 51 has a substantially rectangular shape and a film shape.
  • the antenna wire 52 is formed by embedding or sticking a metal wire along the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the sheet 51, or by printing and applying conductive ink.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that a distance of 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less is required as a separation distance between the antenna 53 and a metal plate on the outdoor side constituting the front pillar. This is because if the distance between the metal plate and the antenna 53 is smaller than 5 mm, the influence of the electrostatic capacitance is generated between the metal plate and the antenna 53, and the gain of the antenna 53 is reduced. If the distance between the antenna 53 and the antenna 53 is larger than 50 mm, the directivity becomes strong due to the influence of the metal plate, the thickness of the automobile interior material becomes large, the indoor space becomes narrow, and it becomes impractical. Is described in Patent Document 1.
  • JP-A-7-58535 Japanese Patent Publication “JP 2000-295017 A” (published on October 20, 2000) Japanese Patent Publication “JP-A-5-29821” (published on Feb. 05, 1993)
  • the antenna described in the above cited reference 1 requires a relatively large separation distance from the metal plate. For this reason, it is difficult to dispose the antenna in a relatively narrow space where the metal plate exists in the vicinity.
  • pillars that support the roof of a vehicle often have a hollow structure at least partially made of an exterior material made of a metal plate.
  • an antenna is provided in the hollow portion. It is possible to install it.
  • the antenna described in the above cited reference 1 requires a relatively large distance from the metal surface, depending on the thickness of the pillar and the size of the hollow portion, the distance from the metal plate may be reduced. It can be considered that it may be difficult to provide the space. Further, when it is predetermined that cables or harnesses of various electric devices are wired in the hollow portion, it is more difficult to dispose the antenna in the hollow portion, or It may be necessary to appropriately design the positional relationship between the cable or the like and the antenna.
  • the pillar is a place having an environment in which a certain antenna performance can be ensured due to the presence of the window glass in the vicinity thereof, and therefore, the pillar is a suitable place for installing the antenna. Since it is difficult to install the antenna on the pillar, an antenna having a higher degree of installation freedom has been required.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an antenna mounting structure having high antenna performance and high flexibility in installation.
  • an antenna mounting structure is composed of a flat radiating element in which a conductive path is formed two-dimensionally and a feeder line connected to the radiating element.
  • the radiating element includes a first root portion having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, a second root portion having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path, and the first root portion.
  • an intermediate portion that relays between the second root portion and a feeding portion connected to a feeding line is formed at the tip region of the first and second root portions, and a folding pattern is formed at the intermediate portion.
  • a meander-shaped conductive path having a shape is formed. It is a mounting structure of the antenna.
  • the flat plate shape is not limited to a two-dimensional plane, but also includes a flat plate shape having a three-dimensional shape formed by cutting a part of a curved surface such as a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, a paraboloid, or a hyperboloid.
  • the antenna mounting structure of the present invention since the conductive path has the meander shape, the antenna can be disposed even in a relatively narrow space where the conductor surface exists in the vicinity.
  • the degree of freedom of the location of the antenna is significantly improved as compared with the conventional case. As a result, there is an effect of providing a high degree of freedom of installation while having high antenna performance.
  • FIG. 8 when the thickness of the dielectric layer is changed. It is a graph which shows the radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG. 8, (a) shows the radiation pattern in xy plane, (b) shows the radiation pattern in yz plane, (c) shows the radiation pattern in zz plane, respectively. Yes. It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the modification to which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the state by which the antenna to which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied was affixed and arrange
  • FIG. 17 It is an enlarged view of the pillar which supports a roof (roof) among the external appearance structures shown in FIG.
  • the antenna to which the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is applied is mounted on, for example, a moving body.
  • the moving body include automobiles, orbital or non-orbital vehicles in general, manned or unmanned satellites, manned or unmanned submersibles, and the type thereof is not particularly limited.
  • An automobile is assumed as a moving body.
  • the moving body may be referred to as a mobile machine that requires power for movement.
  • the influence from the conductor member is inevitable.
  • the antenna when the antenna is mounted on the conductor member, it is necessary to design the antenna while considering the influence from the conductor member, unlike when the antenna alone is in a vacuum free space.
  • the antenna to which the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is applied is configured in consideration of the influence from the conductor member when mounted on the conductor member.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an example of an antenna to which an antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is applied.
  • the antenna 201 includes a flat plate-like radiating element 215 in which a conductive path is two-dimensionally formed, and a feed line 221 connected to the radiating element 215.
  • the flat radiating element 215 includes a first root portion 225 having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, and a second root portion 226 having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path. And an intermediate portion that relays between the first root portion 225 and the second root portion 226, and is connected to a feeder line 221 at the tip region of the first and second root portions 225 and 226.
  • a power feeding unit 222 is formed.
  • a meander-shaped (meander line antenna shape, meander-shaped portion) conductive path having a folded pattern at least once, more preferably twice or more is formed.
  • the flat radiating element 215 of the antenna 201 is embedded and integrated in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material.
  • the antenna 201 having the above-described configuration has high antenna performance by including a conductive path having a meander shape.
  • the antenna 201 includes the flat plate-like radiating element 215.
  • the antenna 201 is embedded in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material and is integrated or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material. By adopting the mounting structure, the antenna 201 can be disposed even in a relatively narrow space in which the conductor surface is present in the vicinity, and has a high degree of freedom in installation.
  • the antenna 201 preferably has the following configuration.
  • the radiating element 215 is a single line. From the point of having a conductive path continuous from one end to the other, it can be said that it is formed in a loop shape. The loop shape can improve the gain of the antenna. And the radiation element 215 is arrange
  • a part of the intermediate part constitutes a radiation part 212, and the radiation part 212 has the meander shape (meander shape part).
  • the remaining part of the intermediate portion constitutes a first wide portion 213 and a second wide portion 214.
  • the two root parts 225 and 226 constitute a winding part 211.
  • the first wide portion 213 and the second wide portion 214 share a part of each other.
  • the conductive path starts from the first root portion 225 from one end to the other end of the radiating element 215, and includes the first wide portion 213, the second wide portion 214, and the radiating portion 212.
  • the second root part 226 continues in the order of the second root part 226, and the second root part 226 returns to a position adjacent to the first root part 225.
  • the direction of taking out the conductive path from one end to the other end is leftward in FIG. 1 (the negative direction of the X axis), and in the second root portion 226, one end from the other end to the other end.
  • the direction of taking out the conductive path toward the right is rightward in FIG. 1 (positive direction of the X axis). That is, the two directions of taking out are opposite to each other.
  • the direction of taking out the two root portions 225 and 226 is the same as the direction in which the power supply line 221 extends, that is, the left direction in FIG. 1 (the negative direction of the X axis).
  • the feeding line 221 is in a direction opposite to the direction extending from the feeding portion 222 described later to the power supply side.
  • the extending direction of the first root part 225 is upward from the one end of the radiating element 215 (positive direction of the Z axis), and then leftward.
  • the extending direction of the second root portion 226 is from the other end of the radiating element 215 downward (negative direction of the Z axis) and then rightward (positive direction of the X axis, direction of extraction). It has become. That is, the second root portion 226 includes a second straight portion 226o1 extending downward, and a second bent portion 226o2 (second rear end straight portion) extending rightward from an end portion of the second straight portion 226o1. have.
  • each of the two root parts 225 and 226 rotates 90 ° in the opposite directions so as to surround the power feeding part 222. .
  • a part of the intermediate portion of the radiating element 215 has a meander shape formed of a folding pattern of two or more times in the radiating portion 212.
  • the folding direction (positive direction or negative direction of the Z-axis) of this meander-shaped folding pattern is the direction of taking out the second root part 226 in the winding unit 211 (positive direction of the X-axis), that is, It is perpendicular to the direction of the second bent portion 226o2 (rear end straight portion).
  • the above-described feeding part 222 is formed in each of the two root parts 225 and 226.
  • Each of the two root portions 225 and 226 is supplied with power from a power supply line 221 connected to the power supply portion 222.
  • FIG. 21 shows details of the connection configuration between the power supply line 221 and the power supply unit 222.
  • the outer conductor 122 of the coaxial cable constituting the feeder line 221 supplies power to the first root portion 225
  • the inner conductor 123 of the coaxial cable supplies power to the second root portion 226.
  • a portion that is adjacent to a portion where the external conductor 122 is exposed and is covered with an insulating outer shell is disposed on the first wide portion 213.
  • a signal in a predetermined frequency band is applied to the second root unit 226 via the inner conductor 123 of the coaxial cable, and via the outer conductor 122.
  • the ground potential is applied to the first root portion 225.
  • the line width (length in the X-axis direction) of the first wide portion 213 that is positioned below the feeder line 221 and overlaps the feeder line 221 is the winding portion 211 of the radiating element 215 and the radiation. It is wider than the line width of the part constituting the part 212. As a result, impedance matching between the power supply unit 222 and the power supply line 221 can be realized.
  • the second wide portion 214 is also wider than the line width of the portions constituting the winding portion 211 and the radiating portion 212.
  • the second wide portion 214 serves as the first wide portion 213. . That is, in this case, the line width (the length in the Z-axis direction) of the second wide portion 214 that is positioned below the power supply line 221 and overlaps with the power supply line 221 constitutes the winding unit 211 and the radiation unit 212. It can be said that it is wider than the line width of the part.
  • the length in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) in FIG. 1 is 92 mm, and the length in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) is 52 mm.
  • a short-circuit member 231 for partially short-circuiting the conductive path is disposed in the meander shape of the radiating portion 212.
  • the role of the short-circuit member 231 will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state in which the short-circuit member 331 is arranged in the radiating element 315 having a meander shape and a plurality of conductive paths are generated in the radiating element 315.
  • the antenna 301 has a radiating element 315 that is a single line, and the radiating element 315 has a meander shape (meander structure). That is, the radiating element 315 is meandered.
  • a feed line is connected to the radiating element 315 at the feed unit 322.
  • the short-circuit member 331 short-circuits, for example, two or more different points (a plurality of points) of the meandering radiation element 315.
  • the two straight portions extending in the vertical direction located at both ends of the short-circuit member 331 are short-circuited.
  • the radiation element 315 includes a first path (first conductive path) indicated by a solid line corresponding to the first wavelength ⁇ 1 and a second path indicated by a broken line corresponding to the second wavelength ⁇ 2.
  • a path (second conductive path) is formed.
  • the short circuit member 331 is provided so as to short-circuit a plurality of different points in the meandering radiating element 315, and the number of conductive paths having different lengths is increased. Can be increased. Thereby, the VSWR characteristic of the antenna 301 in the use band can be improved.
  • the use band for example, 470 MHz to 770 MHz for a terrestrial digital broadcast antenna for Japan, terrestrial digital for North America
  • the VSWR characteristics at 470 MHz to 860 MHz for a broadcasting antenna and 470 to 890 MHz for a terrestrial digital broadcasting antenna for Europe may deteriorate (VSWR value increases).
  • a VSWR characteristic in the use band is obtained.
  • Deterioration increase in VSWR value
  • the position where the short-circuit member 331 short-circuits in the radiating element 315 is determined in the state where the dummy conductive member is disposed in the vicinity of the radiating element 315, and the short-circuit member 331 is disposed.
  • the number of conductive paths having different lengths increases and the resonance frequency of the antenna 301 increases.
  • the short-circuit member 231 is arranged in the meandering radiation portion 212 as the short-circuit member 331 as described above. Determination of the position and location which arrange
  • the arrangement of the short-circuit member 231 is smaller than that in the case where the short-circuit member 231 is not arranged in a state where the radiating element 215 is arranged on the metal plate via the dielectric, and at each frequency in the use band. Decide as follows. More preferably, the VSWR value at each frequency in the use band is determined to be 3.5 or less in a state where the radiating element 215 is disposed on the metal plate via the dielectric.
  • the short-circuit member 231 is moved while monitoring the VSWR value in the use band. . And when the position where VSWR value becomes smaller than the case where the short circuit member is not arrange
  • the short-circuit member 231 is for short-circuiting predetermined positions of the radiating element 215, and for example, a conductive material such as a metal material can be used.
  • a conductive material such as a metal material can be used.
  • the short-circuit member 231 directly contacts the radiating element 215 and short-circuits the radiating element 215.
  • an antenna 401 was mounted on a metal plate 403 as a conductor member of 350 mm ⁇ 250 mm through a dielectric layer 402.
  • the dielectric layer 402 will be described later.
  • the size of the antenna 401 is about 100 mm ⁇ 50 mm, when the antenna 401 is mounted on a conductor member such as an automobile bonnet, the characteristics are almost the same as when the antenna 401 is mounted on a conductor member of 350 mm ⁇ 250 mm. Can also be obtained.
  • the antenna 401 As the antenna 401, the antenna 201 shown in FIG. 1 and the antenna 501 shown in FIG. 4 were used, and the VSWR characteristics were measured for each of them. Note that the antenna 501 in FIG. 4 has the same configuration as the antenna 201 in FIG. 1 except that the short-circuit member 231 provided in the antenna 201 in FIG. 1 is not provided.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 201 and the antenna 501.
  • the graph of “with short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 201
  • the graph of “without short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 501.
  • the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 was 5 mm
  • the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r was 1.
  • the short circuit member 231 is arranged in the antenna 201 to cause a short circuit, so that the VSWR is 3.5 or less in a band of 800 MHz or less with respect to the terrestrial digital television band (470 MHz to 770 MHz). It can be seen that
  • the VSWR is suppressed to 3.5 or less in the frequency band of about 650 MHz to 750 MHz, so that satisfactory transmission / reception can be performed in this frequency band. This is considered to be an effect of the antenna 501 including the radiating element 215 having a meander-shaped conductive path.
  • a good frequency band is about 650 MHz to 750 MHz, but this is merely an example. That is, depending on the meander shape design, the value and range of the frequency at which the VSWR is 3.5 or less can be changed variously. Therefore, depending on the frequency band used, the short-circuit member may not be provided.
  • a short-circuit member having a non-linear shape may be short-circuited, or a two-layer structure may be provided on a surface different from the antenna 201 to short-circuit two or more points separated by interlayer conduction.
  • the inventors provide a dielectric layer 402 between the antenna 401 and a metal plate 403 as a conductor member, whereby the distance between the antenna 401 and the conductor member (metal plate 403). It has been found that an antenna having a VSWR characteristic that can withstand practical use can be realized even if the value is reduced to about several millimeters.
  • the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the dielectric layer 402 is preferably set to 1 or more and 10 or less. This is because if the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r is greater than 10, the reduction in radiation efficiency cannot be ignored.
  • FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 401 at each thickness d when the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is changed.
  • the antenna 201 in FIG. 1 is used as the antenna 401.
  • D infinity, that is, if the antenna 201 is not mounted on the metal plate 403, the antenna 201 is not affected by the metal plate 403. In other words, if the antenna 201 approaches the metal plate 403 gradually from infinity to the metal plate 403, the closer to the metal plate 403, the stronger the influence from the metal plate 403 should be.
  • FIG. 6 shows a case where an antenna base material having a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of about 2 to 3 and a thickness of 1 mm or less is used, and a distance other than the base material, that is, the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is expressed as a relative dielectric constant.
  • the VSWR deteriorates in the vicinity of 670 MH.
  • the VSWR in the 670 MHz band does not necessarily deteriorate. This is because the characteristics shown in FIG. 11 can be adjusted by optimizing the short-circuit member or the meander shape, the relative permittivity ⁇ r and thickness of the antenna substrate, the relative permittivity ⁇ r of the dielectric layer 402, and the like. It is.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing a radiation pattern in the 550 MHz band of the antenna 201 shown in FIG. 3A shows a radiation pattern on the xy plane of the xyz coordinate system shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 3B shows a radiation pattern on the yz plane, and FIG. 3C shows a radiation pattern on the zx plane.
  • the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 in this case is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant epsilon r was 1.
  • E ⁇ shown in FIG. 7 represents the radiation power of the antenna with respect to the vertical polarization V
  • E ⁇ represents the radiation power of the antenna with respect to the horizontal polarization H
  • Etotal represents the total radiation power of the antenna.
  • the radiation omnidirectionality is realized in any of the radiation pattern on the xy plane, the radiation pattern on the yz plane, and the radiation pattern on the zz plane.
  • the antenna 201 is configured to include the flat radiating element 215 in which the conductive path is two-dimensionally formed, and the feed line 221 connected to the radiating element 215.
  • the radiating element 215 includes a first root portion 225 having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, a second root portion 226 having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path, and a first root.
  • a feed portion 222 connected to the feed line 221 is formed in the tip region of the first and second root portions 225 and 226.
  • the intermediate portion that relays the portion 225 and the second root portion 226 is formed. Yes.
  • a meander-shaped conductive path having a folded pattern at least once, more preferably twice or more is formed in the intermediate portion.
  • a flat radiating element 215 of the antenna 201 is embedded in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material and integrated, or is fixed along the surface shape of the interior material.
  • FIG. 8 shows an antenna 201 a which is a modification of the antenna 201.
  • FIG. 8 shows an antenna 201 a which is a modification of the antenna 201.
  • a detailed description will be given of portions different from the antenna 201 described above, and description of similar portions will be omitted.
  • the size of the antenna 201a is 83 mm in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) in FIG. 8 and 56 mm in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction).
  • a power feeding part 222a is formed on each of the two root parts 225a and 226a of the radiating element 215a.
  • Each of the two root portions 225a and 226a is supplied with power from a power supply line 221a connected to the power supply portion 222a.
  • the 1st root part 225a has the 1st linear part 225a1 and the 1st bending part 225a2 (1st back end linear part).
  • the first straight portion 225a1 and the first bent portion 225a2 correspond to the first straight portion 225o1 and the first bent portion 225o2 of the first root portion 225 shown in FIG.
  • the second root portion 226a has a second straight portion 226a1 and a second bent portion 226a2 (second rear end straight portion).
  • the second straight portion 226a1 and the second bent portion 226a2 correspond to the second straight portion 226o1 and the second bent portion 226o2 of the second root portion 226 shown in FIG.
  • the power supply line 221a extends in the negative direction of the Z axis shown in FIG. 8, unlike the power supply line 221 in the first embodiment.
  • the direction in which the two root portions 225a and 226a are taken out is orthogonal to the direction in which the power supply line 221 extends in FIG. 1 and is parallel to the direction in which the power supply line 221a extends. .
  • the first wide portion 213a is formed below the feeder line 221a, and the line width (the length in the X-axis direction) of the portion overlapping the feeder line 221a constitutes the winding portion 211a and the radiating portion 212a. It is wider than the line width of the part.
  • the power supply line 221a may be extended from the power supply line 222a in the negative direction of the X axis.
  • the short-circuit member 231a and the short-circuit member 232a are disposed in the meander shape of the radiation portion 212a.
  • the roles of the short-circuit member 231a and the short-circuit member 232a are the same as those of the short-circuit member 231 described above.
  • the inventors mounted the antenna 401 via a dielectric layer 402 on a 350 mm ⁇ 250 mm metal plate 403 as shown in FIG.
  • the antenna 401, the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 8, the antenna 502 shown in FIG. 9, and the antenna 503 shown in FIG. 10 were used, and the VSWR characteristics were measured for each of them.
  • the antenna 502 shown in FIG. 9 has the same configuration as the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 8 except that the short-circuit member 232a shown in FIG. 8 is not arranged in the meander shape portion of the radiating portion 212a.
  • the antenna 503 shown in FIG. 10 has the same configuration as the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 8 except that the short-circuit members 231a and 232a shown in FIG. 8 are not arranged in the meander shape portion of the radiating portion 212a. Yes.
  • FIG. 11 shows measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 201a, the antenna 502, and the antenna 503.
  • the graph “with short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 201 a
  • the graph “without short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 503
  • the graph “without second short circuit member” is the antenna 502. It is a measurement result.
  • the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 was 5 mm
  • the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r was 1.
  • the VSWR is suppressed to 3.5 or less even in the high frequency band of the terrestrial digital television band (470 MHz to 770 MHz).
  • the VSWR is suppressed to 3.5 or less in the frequency band of about 550 MHz to 620 MHz and the frequency band of about 680 MHz to 770 MHz. Good transmission and reception can be performed in this frequency band.
  • This is considered to be an effect of the antenna 503 including the radiating element 215a having a meander-shaped conductive path. Therefore, the number of short-circuit members installed, including zero, can be changed depending on the frequency band used.
  • FIG. 12 shows the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 401 at each thickness d when the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is changed.
  • the antenna 201 a in FIG. 8 is used as the antenna 401.
  • FIG. 12 shows a case where an antenna base material having a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of about 2 to 3 and 1 mm or less is used, and a distance other than the base material, that is, the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is expressed as a relative dielectric constant.
  • the VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less, and good transmission / reception can be performed.
  • the antenna provided with the meander-shaped radiating element of the present invention is made as close as possible while keeping the state insulated from the conductor surface. Can be installed.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing a radiation pattern in the 550 MHz band of the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 13A shows a radiation pattern on the xy plane of the xyz coordinate system shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 13B shows a radiation pattern on the yz plane, and FIG. 13C shows a radiation pattern on the zx plane.
  • the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 in this case is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant epsilon r was 1.
  • radiation omnidirectionality is realized in any of the radiation pattern on the xy plane, the radiation pattern on the yz plane, and the radiation pattern on the zz plane.
  • FIG. 14 shows an antenna 504 which is a modification of the antenna 201 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 shows an antenna 504 which is a modification of the antenna 201 shown in FIG.
  • a detailed description will be given of portions different from the antenna 201 described above, and description of similar portions will be omitted.
  • the lengths of the first wide portion 213b and the winding portion 211b in the positive Z-axis direction are longer than those of the first wide portion 213 and the winding portion 211 of the antenna 201. Therefore, the upper ends on the Z-axis positive direction side of the first wide portion 213b and the winding portion 211b protrude from the position of the upper end portion on the Z-axis positive direction side of the radiating element 215 to the Z-axis positive direction side.
  • the short-circuit member 231 of the antenna 201 is provided as an independent member, in the antenna 504, the conductive material is made of the same material as that of the conductive path forming the radiating element 215b at the lower end portion on the Z-axis negative direction side.
  • a short-circuit portion 231c integrated with the path is formed.
  • two conductive paths that are folded back along the Z axis and run side by side are integrated into one, and the width in the X-axis direction is approximately three times the width of one conductive path.
  • the short-circuit part 231d thus formed is formed. Needless to say, the number of parallel conductive paths in the case of integration into one may be appropriately adjusted so as to obtain good VSWR characteristics. Similarly, the length of the short-circuit portion 231c in the X-axis direction can be adjusted as appropriate.
  • the short-circuit member instead of using the short-circuit member as an independent member, it is possible to form the conductive path and the short-circuit member at the same time by forming the short-circuit member integrally with the conductive path using the same material as the conductive path. As a result, the manufacturing process is simplified.
  • the flat radiating element 215 (215a, 215b) of each antenna is fixed by being embedded along the surface shape of the interior material or embedded in the interior material for a moving body made of an insulating material.
  • the numbering of each antenna is collectively expressed as “100”.
  • the interior material of the moving body in general is not necessarily formed by a dielectric (insulator) such as a resin.
  • insulator such as a resin
  • the interior material of the moving body is a dielectric (insulator). It is assumed that it is formed.
  • each antenna 100 is disposed along the shape of the surface 105a of the interior material 105, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 There is a structure where is directly attached.
  • the antenna 100 it is possible to dispose the antenna 100 in a relatively narrow space, and the antenna 100 has a distance of 5 to 50 mm from the metal surface as compared with the related art.
  • the separation distance is small. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, when the interior material made of an insulating material and the exterior material made of a conductor face each other (when the radiating element 215 is disposed between the exterior material and the interior material). Further, the distance L between the antenna (radiating element) and the exterior material may be 2 mm or more. Therefore, the antenna 100 requires a small space for installation, and has a high degree of installation freedom.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of an external configuration on the front side in an automobile
  • FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a pillar that supports a roof (roof) in the external configuration shown in FIG.
  • each antenna 100 can be installed in a pillar 106, for example. Since the pillar 106 is close to the window glass, it can be expected to receive strong radio waves as a result of radio waves coming from outside.
  • an example of a portion of the pillar 106 where the antenna 100 can be installed is indicated by a dotted line.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cut surface when the pillar 106 illustrated in FIG. 17 is cut at a predetermined position by a plane H that intersects the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the 18 includes the exterior material (exterior body) 107 made of a conductor and the vehicle interior material 108 made of a synthetic resin. While the exterior material 107 has an arc shape in cross section, the interior material 108 has a cross section shape such as a straight cross section or a cross section arc shape (in FIG. 18, a short arc cross section is continuous at both ends of the straight cross section. It shows an interior material having a cross-sectional shape).
  • the pillar 106 is formed by connecting the exterior material 107 and the interior material 108 in a state where the end of the cross section of the exterior material 107 and the end of the cross section of the interior material 108 are in contact with each other. (Hollow structure).
  • the antennas 100 can be installed in the installation manner shown in FIG. 15 along the cavity-side surface 108a of the interior material 108 in the pillar 106. Note that. In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 18, the shortest separation distance L between the antenna 100 and the exterior material 107 may be 2 mm or more.
  • the antenna 100 can be installed by sticking to the cavity side surface 108 a of the interior material 108.
  • 19A shows a state immediately before the antenna 100 is attached to the cavity-side surface 108a of the interior material 108
  • FIG. 19B shows the antenna 100 of the interior material 108. It is a figure which shows the state affixed on the cavity side surface 108a.
  • the antenna 100 since the antenna 100 has flexibility, it can be easily pasted while keeping the shape along the inner surface shape of the cavity-side surface 108a.
  • the antenna 100 can be attached along the shape of the inner surface of the cavity-side surface 108a and the shape of the rib.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the configuration of the air guide port portion 120 extended on the back side of the air outlet of the air conditioner and the surroundings thereof.
  • the antennas 100 are attached to the outer peripheral surface 120a (the upper surface in FIG. 20) of the air guide portion 120 as shown in FIG. Can be installed.
  • FIG. 20 shows the car feed through the upper plate of the car navigation housing through the feeder 109 connected to the antenna 100. It shows the state introduced in the navigation.
  • Each of the antennas 100 includes not only the inside of the pillar 106 and the outer peripheral surface 120a of the air guide port 120, but also, for example, a roof trim indicated by an arrow Q3, a door trim indicated by an arrow Q4, and an arrow Q5 as shown in FIG.
  • the sun visor indicated by the arrow, the dashboard indicated by the arrow Q6, the console box indicated by the arrow Q7, and the handle indicated by the arrow Q8 can also be the installation target parts of the antenna 100.
  • four corners near a window glass are preferable when making transmission / reception sensitivity favorable.
  • a tonneau cover, a seat belt, a seat, and a weather trim can also be installation target parts of the antenna 100.
  • the installation surface of the antenna 100 may be a flat surface or a curved surface. However, when the installation surface is a curved surface, the antenna can maintain good characteristics if the curved surface has a curvature radius of 3 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more.
  • the antenna 100 can be installed on the inner surface of the synthetic resin material constituting the door mirror.
  • the antenna 100 in addition to a mode in which the antenna 100 is attached along the surface shape of the interior material, it is also possible to embed the antenna 100 in an interior material made of an insulating material and to fix it integrally.
  • a method for embedding and integrating the antenna 100 in the interior material for example, a method of molding an insulator such as a synthetic resin including the antenna 100 when the interior material is manufactured is considered as an example. In this case, the molded product is attached when the vehicle is manufactured.
  • the radiating element 215 of the antenna 3 is normally connected to the tuner unit 4 (transmission / reception circuit) via the feeder line 222 as shown in FIG.
  • the tuner unit 4 are preferably attached to the interior material. Further, it is more preferable that the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4 are provided on the same surface of the interior material and connected to each other. With this configuration, since the conductive path connecting the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4 can be shortened, loss due to the conductive path can be suppressed, and the conductive path can be formed thin. . Further, the antenna 3 can be made thinner as compared with the configuration in which the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4 are arranged on different surfaces, so that a high degree of installation freedom can be obtained. Further, since the tuner unit can be adjacent to the antenna, there is an effect that it is not necessary to consider the impedance of the transmission path between the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4.
  • the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is the above-described antenna composed of a flat radiating element in which a conductive path is two-dimensionally formed and a feeder line connected to the radiating element.
  • An antenna mounting structure in which a flat radiating element is embedded and integrated in an interior material for a moving body made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material, and the flat radiating element is A first root portion having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path; a second root portion having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path; and the first root portion and the second root portion.
  • a conductive path having a shape is formed.
  • the antenna can be disposed close to the conductor (for example, the distance between the antenna and the conductor surface is set). It can be as close as 2mm). Accordingly, the antenna can be disposed even in a relatively narrow space where the conductor surface is present in the vicinity, and the degree of freedom of the location where the antenna is disposed is significantly improved as compared with the conventional case.
  • Patent Document 1 has a restriction that an antenna must be arranged avoiding a place where a wire harness in which a copper wire is bundled is stretched between a resin interior material and a body.
  • the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention does not have such a restriction.
  • the flat radiating element of the antenna is integrated by being embedded in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material. Therefore, it does not occupy a narrow space where this antenna is arranged.
  • the flat plate-like radiating element is preferably provided with a short-circuit portion for short-circuiting the meander-shaped conductive path.
  • the number of conductive paths having different lengths can be increased.
  • the resonance point of the antenna can be increased, so that the usable frequency band of the antenna can be further expanded.
  • the resonance point of the antenna is increased or the resonance point of the antenna is increased.
  • the position and location where the short-circuit portion is arranged can be determined so as to reduce the VSWR value in the use band.
  • the first and second root portions form a winding portion that surrounds the feeding portion, and further, the first and second portions.
  • a wide portion where the width of the conductive path at a position overlapping with the power supply line connected to the power supply section is wider than other positions may be formed on at least one of the root portions of the power supply section.
  • the usable frequency band of the radiating element can be further expanded.
  • the flat plate-like radiating element is preferably a single line that is continuous from one end to the other end.
  • the radiating element is disposed between the exterior material of the mobile body and the interior material, and is separated from the surface of the exterior material made of a conductor material. It is good to be arranged.
  • the antenna is disposed away from the surface of the exterior material, so that the antenna characteristics deteriorate due to the influence of the conductor. It will be easier to avoid that.
  • the separation distance of the flat plate-shaped radiation element with respect to the exterior material of the moving body is at least 2 mm.
  • a flat plate-shaped radiating element having flexibility may be fixed along the surface of the interior material.
  • the flat plate-shaped radiating element having flexibility is fixed along the surface of the interior material, so that the antenna can be easily installed.
  • the interior material for a moving body is generally formed of a dielectric material such as a resin
  • the surface of the interior material for the moving body is a place that is not easily affected by a conductor, and is also suitable as a place for installing an antenna. It is.
  • the flat radiating element may be mounted with a curvature radius of 5 mm or more along the surface shape of the interior material.
  • a transmission / reception circuit connected to the radiation element via the feeder is provided on the same plane as the plate-shaped radiation element, and the transmission / reception circuit is integrated with the radiation element. Alternatively, it may be attached to the interior material.
  • the conductive path connecting the antenna and the transmission / reception circuit can be shortened, loss due to the conductive path can be suppressed, and the conductive path can be formed thin.
  • the antenna and the transmission / reception circuit are arranged on the same plane, the antenna mounting structure can be made thinner as compared with a configuration in which the antenna and the transmission / reception circuit are arranged on different planes. Therefore, a high degree of installation freedom can be obtained.
  • the present invention can be applied to, for example, an antenna for receiving a broadcast wave mounted on a mobile body such as an automobile that can transmit and receive in both the VHF broadcast band and the UHF digital terrestrial broadcast band.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

A planar radiating element (215) of an antenna (201) forms a meandering conductive path comprising: an intermediate part for relaying between a first base part (225) and a second base part (226); and at least one repeated pattern in the intermediate part. The radiating element (215) is embedded in an interior material for a movable body comprising an insulating material and forms a single unit, or is fixed along the surface shape of the interior material.

Description

アンテナの取付構造Antenna mounting structure
　本発明は、主として、自動車などの移動体に搭載される無線機器に対応したアンテナの技術分野に属するものである。 The present invention mainly belongs to the technical field of antennas corresponding to wireless devices mounted on mobile objects such as automobiles.
　例えば自動車に搭載される車載用アンテナの分野では、近年の通信網の発達により、多様な使用周波数帯域に適合した種々のアンテナが開発されている。 For example, in the field of in-vehicle antennas mounted on automobiles, various antennas adapted to various use frequency bands have been developed due to the recent development of communication networks.
　その一例として、カーナビゲーションシステムには、ＧＰＳ（Ｇｌｏｂａｌ　Ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ；衛星測位システム）、ＶＩＣＳ（Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ　Ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ；道路交通情報通信システム：登録商標）およびＥＴＣ（Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃ　Ｔｏｌｌ　Ｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ；ノンストップ自動料金支払いシステム）などのようなＩＴＳ（Ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔ　Ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ　Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ；高度道路交通システム）において使用される１ＧＨｚ～１０ＧＨｚのマイクロ波の送受信に対応可能な各種のアンテナが接続されている。 For example, GPS (Global Positioning System), VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System; registered trademark) and ETC (Electronic Toll Collection; non-stop automatic payment) Various antennas capable of transmitting and receiving 1 GHz to 10 GHz microwaves used in ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) such as a system) are connected.
　また、カーナビゲーションシステムには、上記ＩＴＳのみならず、ラジオ放送および地上デジタル放送を受信するチューナーが一体的に搭載されることが一般的になっている。したがって、車載用アンテナの使用周波数帯域には、５２６．５ｋＨｚ～１６０６．５ｋＨｚまでのＡＭ周波数、６０ＭＨｚ帯または８７．５ＭＨｚ～１０８ＭＨｚのＶＨＦ周波数、あるいは近年になって関東・近畿・中京の３大広域圏でサービスが開始された地上デジタル放送のＵＨＦ周波数（４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚ）なども含まれ、広範囲にわたっている。 In addition, it is common for a car navigation system to be integrated with a tuner that receives not only the ITS but also radio broadcasts and terrestrial digital broadcasts. Therefore, the use frequency band of the vehicle-mounted antenna includes the AM frequency from 526.5 kHz to 1606.5 kHz, the VHF frequency from 60 MHz band or 87.5 MHz to 108 MHz, or three large areas in recent years, Kanto, Kinki, and Chukyo. The UHF frequency (470 MHz to 770 MHz) of terrestrial digital broadcasting whose service has been started in the service area is also included and covers a wide range.
　上記地上デジタル放送では、デジタル・ハイビジョンの高画質・高音質番組に加えて、双方向番組を提供することが可能となり、走行している電車やバスなどに設置したテレビでもチラツキがなくきれいに番組を視聴することが可能になる。また、携帯情報端末などで、動画、データ放送、または音声放送を受信・視聴するサービスも予定されている。 In the above terrestrial digital broadcasting, it is possible to provide interactive programs in addition to digital high-definition high-definition and high-quality programs, and even TVs installed on trains and buses that are running are flicker-free and beautifully displayed. It becomes possible to watch. In addition, a service for receiving and viewing moving images, data broadcasting, or audio broadcasting with a portable information terminal or the like is also planned.
　このような種々のアンテナの一例としての車載用アンテナが、下記特許文献１に記載されている。 An in-vehicle antenna as an example of such various antennas is described in Patent Document 1 below.
　下記特許文献１には、図２３に示すように、車体のフロントピラーの室内側を構成する樹脂製内装材の内側に装着されるシート５１と、このシート５１の外周部近傍に沿って配されたアンテナ線５２とを備えたアンテナ５３が開示されている。上記シート５１の形状は、略矩形状且つフィルム状である。上記アンテナ線５２は、シート５１の外周部近傍に沿って、金属線を埋設又は貼着することにより、或いは、導電性のインクを印刷塗布することにより形成されている。 In Patent Document 1 shown below, as shown in FIG. 23, a seat 51 mounted on the inner side of a resin interior material constituting the indoor side of the front pillar of the vehicle body, and the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the seat 51 are arranged. An antenna 53 having an antenna line 52 is disclosed. The sheet 51 has a substantially rectangular shape and a film shape. The antenna wire 52 is formed by embedding or sticking a metal wire along the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the sheet 51, or by printing and applying conductive ink.
　また、下記特許文献１には、上記アンテナ５３と上記フロントピラーを構成する室外側の金属板との離間距離として５ｍｍ以上５０ｍｍ以下の寸法が必要となる点が記載されている。これは、金属板とアンテナ５３との間の間隔を５ｍｍより小さくすると、金属板とアンテナ５３との間に静電容量の影響が発生して、アンテナ５３の利得が低下する一方、金属板とアンテナ５３との間の間隔を５０ｍｍより大きくすると、金属板の影響により指向性が強くなるとともに、この自動車用内装材の厚さ寸法が大きくなり、室内空間が狭くなって、実用的ではなくなるからであると、特許文献１には記載されている。 Further, Patent Document 1 below describes that a distance of 5 mm or more and 50 mm or less is required as a separation distance between the antenna 53 and a metal plate on the outdoor side constituting the front pillar. This is because if the distance between the metal plate and the antenna 53 is smaller than 5 mm, the influence of the electrostatic capacitance is generated between the metal plate and the antenna 53, and the gain of the antenna 53 is reduced. If the distance between the antenna 53 and the antenna 53 is larger than 50 mm, the directivity becomes strong due to the influence of the metal plate, the thickness of the automobile interior material becomes large, the indoor space becomes narrow, and it becomes impractical. Is described in Patent Document 1.
日本国公開特許公報「特開平７－５８５３５号公報」（１９９５年０３月０３日公開）Japanese Patent Publication “JP-A-7-58535” (published March 03, 1995) 日本国公開特許公報「特開２０００－２９５０１７号公報」（２０００年１０月２０日公開）Japanese Patent Publication “JP 2000-295017 A” (published on October 20, 2000) 日本国公開特許公報「特開平５－２９８２１号公報」（１９９３年０２月０５日公開）Japanese Patent Publication “JP-A-5-29821” (published on Feb. 05, 1993)
　このように、上記引用文献１に記載のアンテナは、金属板との間に比較的大きな離間距離を要する。そのため、金属板が近傍に存在する比較的狭い空間には上記アンテナを配設することが困難となる。 Thus, the antenna described in the above cited reference 1 requires a relatively large separation distance from the metal plate. For this reason, it is difficult to dispose the antenna in a relatively narrow space where the metal plate exists in the vicinity.
　例えば、車両の屋根を支持するピラーは、少なくとも一部が金属板からなる外装材で構成された中空の構造となっていることが多いが、スペースの有効利用のため、該中空部分にアンテナを設置することが考えられる。 For example, pillars that support the roof of a vehicle often have a hollow structure at least partially made of an exterior material made of a metal plate. For effective use of space, an antenna is provided in the hollow portion. It is possible to install it.
　ところが、上記引用文献１に記載のアンテナは、金属面との間に比較的大きな離間距離を要するため、ピラーの太さや中空部分の大きさによっては、上記金属板との間に上記離間距離を設けることがスペース的に困難となる場合が生じ得ると考えられる。また、各種電気機器のケーブルまたはハーネスが上記中空部分に配線されることが予め決められている場合には、該中空部分に対して上記アンテナを配設することがより一層困難となったり、或いは、上記ケーブル等と該アンテナとの位置関係を適切に設計する必要性が生じたりすることが考えられる。 However, since the antenna described in the above cited reference 1 requires a relatively large distance from the metal surface, depending on the thickness of the pillar and the size of the hollow portion, the distance from the metal plate may be reduced. It can be considered that it may be difficult to provide the space. Further, when it is predetermined that cables or harnesses of various electric devices are wired in the hollow portion, it is more difficult to dispose the antenna in the hollow portion, or It may be necessary to appropriately design the positional relationship between the cable or the like and the antenna.
　ピラーは、近傍に窓ガラスが存在することから一定のアンテナ性能を確保することができる環境を有する場所であるため、アンテナの設置場所として好適な場所であるが、上記のように引用文献１のアンテナを該ピラーに設置することは困難となるため、より高い設置自由度を有するアンテナが要求されていた。 The pillar is a place having an environment in which a certain antenna performance can be ensured due to the presence of the window glass in the vicinity thereof, and therefore, the pillar is a suitable place for installing the antenna. Since it is difficult to install the antenna on the pillar, an antenna having a higher degree of installation freedom has been required.
　本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、高いアンテナ性能を有しつつ、高い設置自由度を備えたアンテナの取付構造を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an antenna mounting structure having high antenna performance and high flexibility in installation.
　上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造は、導電性経路が二次元的に形成された平板状の放射素子と、上記放射素子に接続される給電線とから構成されるアンテナの上記平板状の放射素子を、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定するアンテナの取付構造であって、上記平板状の放射素子は、導電性経路の一端から所定の長さ部分の第１の根本部と、上記導電性経路の他端から所定の長さ部分の第２の根本部と、上記第１の根本部と第２の根本部とを中継する中間部とを有し、上記第１及び第２の根本部の先端領域には給電線に接続される給電部が形成され、上記中間部には折り返しパターンを有するメアンダ形状の導電性経路が形成されていることを特徴とするアンテナの取付構造である。 In order to achieve the above object, an antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is composed of a flat radiating element in which a conductive path is formed two-dimensionally and a feeder line connected to the radiating element. An antenna mounting structure in which the flat radiating element of the antenna is embedded and integrated in an interior material for a moving body made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material. The radiating element includes a first root portion having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, a second root portion having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path, and the first root portion. And an intermediate portion that relays between the second root portion and a feeding portion connected to a feeding line is formed at the tip region of the first and second root portions, and a folding pattern is formed at the intermediate portion. A meander-shaped conductive path having a shape is formed. It is a mounting structure of the antenna.
　なお、上記平板状とは、二次元平面に限定されず、円筒面、球面、放物面または双曲面のような曲面の一部を切り取ってなる三次元形状を持った平板状も含む。 The flat plate shape is not limited to a two-dimensional plane, but also includes a flat plate shape having a three-dimensional shape formed by cutting a part of a curved surface such as a cylindrical surface, a spherical surface, a paraboloid, or a hyperboloid.
　本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造によれば、上記メアンダ形状を有する導電性経路を有しているので、導体面が近傍に存在する比較的狭い空間でも当該アンテナを配設することが可能となり、該アンテナの配設場所の自由度が従来に比して格段に向上する。その結果、高いアンテナ性能を有しつつ、高い設置自由度を備えるという効果を奏する。 According to the antenna mounting structure of the present invention, since the conductive path has the meander shape, the antenna can be disposed even in a relatively narrow space where the conductor surface exists in the vicinity. The degree of freedom of the location of the antenna is significantly improved as compared with the conventional case. As a result, there is an effect of providing a high degree of freedom of installation while having high antenna performance.
本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナの第１の実施形態の概略構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows schematic structure of 1st Embodiment of the antenna with which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied. メアンダ形状を有する放射素子内に短絡部材を配置して、放射素子内に複数の導電性経路を生じさせた状態を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which has arrange | positioned the short circuit member in the radiation element which has a meander shape, and produced the some electroconductive path | route in the radiation element. アンテナの効果を示すための実験の測定状況を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the measurement condition of the experiment for showing the effect of an antenna. 図１に示すアンテナの比較例の概略構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the comparative example of the antenna shown in FIG. 図１及び図４に示す各アンテナのＶＳＷＲ特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the VSWR characteristic of each antenna shown in FIG.1 and FIG.4. 誘電体層の厚さを変化させたときにおける、図１に示すアンテナのＶＳＷＲ特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the VSWR characteristic of the antenna shown in FIG. 1 when changing the thickness of a dielectric material layer. 図１に示すアンテナの放射パターンを示すグラフであり、（ａ）は、ｘｙ面における放射パターン、（ｂ）は、ｙｚ面における放射パターン、（ｃ）は、ｚｘ面における放射パターンをそれぞれ示している。It is a graph which shows the radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG. 1, (a) shows the radiation pattern in xy plane, (b) shows the radiation pattern in yz plane, (c) shows the radiation pattern in zz plane, respectively. Yes. 本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナの変形例の概略構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the modification of the antenna to which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied. 図８に示すアンテナの変形例に対する比較例の概略構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the comparative example with respect to the modification of the antenna shown in FIG. 図８に示すアンテナの変形例に対する比較例の概略構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the comparative example with respect to the modification of the antenna shown in FIG. 図８、図９及び図１０に示す各アンテナのＶＳＷＲ特性を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the VSWR characteristic of each antenna shown in FIG.8, FIG9 and FIG.10. 誘電体層の厚さを変化させたときにおける、図８に示すアンテナのＶＳＷＲ特性を示すグラフである。9 is a graph showing the VSWR characteristics of the antenna shown in FIG. 8 when the thickness of the dielectric layer is changed. 図８に示すアンテナの放射パターンを示すグラフであり、（ａ）は、ｘｙ面における放射パターン、（ｂ）は、ｙｚ面における放射パターン、（ｃ）は、ｚｘ面における放射パターンをそれぞれ示している。It is a graph which shows the radiation pattern of the antenna shown in FIG. 8, (a) shows the radiation pattern in xy plane, (b) shows the radiation pattern in yz plane, (c) shows the radiation pattern in zz plane, respectively. Yes. 本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用される変形例の概略構成を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the modification to which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied. 本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナが、内装材の表面に貼り付けられて配設された状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state by which the antenna to which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied was affixed and arrange | positioned on the surface of interior material. 自動車の車内のうち前方側の外観構成の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the external appearance structure of the front side among the insides of a motor vehicle. 図１６に示す外観構成のうち、ルーフ（屋根）を支持するピラーの拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the pillar which supports a roof (roof) among the external appearance structures shown in FIG. 図１７に示すピラーを所定位置で長手方向に交差する平面Ｈによって切断した場合の切断面の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of a cut surface at the time of cut | disconnecting the pillar shown in FIG. 17 by the plane H which cross | intersects a longitudinal direction at a predetermined position. 本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナを内装材の表面に貼付ける状態を示す図であり、（ａ）は、上記アンテナを上記表面に貼付ける直前の状態を示し、（ｂ）は、上記アンテナを上記表面に貼付けた後の状態を示している。It is a figure which shows the state which affixes the antenna to which the attachment structure of the antenna which concerns on this invention is applied to the surface of interior material, (a) shows the state just before affixing the said antenna on the said surface, (b) Shows a state after the antenna is attached to the surface. 本発明に係るアンテナが、センターコンソールにおけるエアコンの空気吹出し口の背面側において延設された導風口部の表面に設置された状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state in which the antenna which concerns on this invention was installed in the surface of the airflow inlet part extended in the back side of the air blower outlet of the air conditioner in a center console. 図１に示すアンテナにおける給電線と給電部との接続構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the connection structure of the feed line and feed part in the antenna shown in FIG. アンテナとチューナー部との配設例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the example of arrangement | positioning with an antenna and a tuner part. 従来技術の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of a prior art.
　以下、本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造の実施形態を、図面を用いて説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of an antenna mounting structure according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
　本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナは、例えば移動体に搭載される。上記移動体には、自動車、軌道用または無軌道用の乗り物全般、有人または無人の人工衛星、有人または無人の潜水艇などが含まれ、その種類は特に限定されないが、以下の説明においては、上記移動体として自動車を想定するものとする。なお、移動体を、移動に動力を必要とする移動式機械と呼び換えてもよい。 The antenna to which the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is applied is mounted on, for example, a moving body. Examples of the moving body include automobiles, orbital or non-orbital vehicles in general, manned or unmanned satellites, manned or unmanned submersibles, and the type thereof is not particularly limited. An automobile is assumed as a moving body. Note that the moving body may be referred to as a mobile machine that requires power for movement.
　アンテナは、周囲の影響を強く受けるため、その搭載箇所にどのように実装するかということは重要な事柄になる。 Since the antenna is strongly influenced by the surroundings, how to mount it on the mounting location is an important matter.
　特に、アンテナが金属板等からなる導体部材上に搭載される場合、導体部材からの影響が避けられない。つまり、アンテナが導体部材に搭載される場合、アンテナ単体が真空の自由空間にある場合とは異なり、その導体部材からの影響を考慮しつつ、アンテナを設計することが必要となる。 Especially when the antenna is mounted on a conductor member made of a metal plate or the like, the influence from the conductor member is inevitable. In other words, when the antenna is mounted on the conductor member, it is necessary to design the antenna while considering the influence from the conductor member, unlike when the antenna alone is in a vacuum free space.
　本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナは、導体部材に搭載される場合において、導体部材から受ける影響を考慮した形態としている。 The antenna to which the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is applied is configured in consideration of the influence from the conductor member when mounted on the conductor member.
　図１は、本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造が適用されるアンテナの一例の概略構成を示す平面図である。 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of an example of an antenna to which an antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is applied.
　図１に示すように、アンテナ２０１は、導電性経路が二次元的に形成された平板状の放射素子２１５と、上記放射素子２１５に接続される給電線２２１とを備えて構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the antenna 201 includes a flat plate-like radiating element 215 in which a conductive path is two-dimensionally formed, and a feed line 221 connected to the radiating element 215.
　上記平板状の放射素子２１５は、導電性経路の一端から所定の長さ部分の第１の根本部２２５と、上記導電性経路の他端から所定の長さ部分の第２の根本部２２６と、上記第１の根本部２２５と第２の根本部２２６とを中継する中間部とを有し、上記第１及び第２の根本部２２５，２２６の先端領域には給電線２２１に接続される給電部２２２が形成されている。 The flat radiating element 215 includes a first root portion 225 having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, and a second root portion 226 having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path. And an intermediate portion that relays between the first root portion 225 and the second root portion 226, and is connected to a feeder line 221 at the tip region of the first and second root portions 225 and 226. A power feeding unit 222 is formed.
　上記中間部には少なくとも１回、より好ましくは２回以上の折り返しパターンを有するメアンダ形状（メアンダラインアンテナ形状、メアンダ形状部）の導電性経路が形成されている。 In the intermediate portion, a meander-shaped (meander line antenna shape, meander-shaped portion) conductive path having a folded pattern at least once, more preferably twice or more is formed.
　アンテナ２０１の上記平板状の放射素子２１５は、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化されている、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定されている。 The flat radiating element 215 of the antenna 201 is embedded and integrated in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material.
　上記のような構成を有するアンテナ２０１は、メアンダ形状を有する導電性経路を備えることにより、高いアンテナ性能を有する。 The antenna 201 having the above-described configuration has high antenna performance by including a conductive path having a meander shape.
　また、上記アンテナ２０１は上記平板状の放射素子２１５を備え、該アンテナ２０１を、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定するという取付構造を採用することで、導体面が近傍に存在する比較的狭い空間に対しても該アンテナ２０１を配設することが可能となり、高い設置自由度を有している。 The antenna 201 includes the flat plate-like radiating element 215. The antenna 201 is embedded in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material and is integrated or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material. By adopting the mounting structure, the antenna 201 can be disposed even in a relatively narrow space in which the conductor surface is present in the vicinity, and has a high degree of freedom in installation.
　上記アンテナ２０１は、好ましくは次のような構成を有する。 The antenna 201 preferably has the following configuration.
　上記放射素子２１５は、１本の線路である。一端から他端に連続する導電性経路を持っている点から、ループ形状に形成されているともいえる。ループ形状は、アンテナの利得を向上させることができる。そして、放射素子２１５は、同一平面上に配置されており、その部材としては、例えば、導体ワイヤーや導体フィルム、あるいはプリント配線を用いることができる。 The radiating element 215 is a single line. From the point of having a conductive path continuous from one end to the other, it can be said that it is formed in a loop shape. The loop shape can improve the gain of the antenna. And the radiation element 215 is arrange | positioned on the same plane, As a member, a conductor wire, a conductor film, or a printed wiring can be used, for example.
　上記中間部の一部は、放射部２１２を構成し、この放射部２１２が上記メアンダ形状（メアンダ形状部）を有する。上記中間部の残りの一部は、第１の幅広部２１３及び第２の幅広部２１４を構成している。一方、上記２つの根本部２２５、２２６は、巻込部２１１を構成している。第１の幅広部２１３と第２の幅広部２１４とは、お互いに、各々の一部分を共有しあっている。 A part of the intermediate part constitutes a radiation part 212, and the radiation part 212 has the meander shape (meander shape part). The remaining part of the intermediate portion constitutes a first wide portion 213 and a second wide portion 214. On the other hand, the two root parts 225 and 226 constitute a winding part 211. The first wide portion 213 and the second wide portion 214 share a part of each other.
　以上の構成をまとめると、放射素子２１５の一端から他端に向かって、導電性経路は、第１の根本部２２５から始まり、第１の幅広部２１３、第２の幅広部２１４、放射部２１２、第２の根本部２２６の順に連続し、第２の根本部２２６は、第１の根本部２２５と隣接する位置に戻っている。 To summarize the above configuration, the conductive path starts from the first root portion 225 from one end to the other end of the radiating element 215, and includes the first wide portion 213, the second wide portion 214, and the radiating portion 212. The second root part 226 continues in the order of the second root part 226, and the second root part 226 returns to a position adjacent to the first root part 225.
　第１の根本部２２５において、一端から他端へ向かう導電性経路の取り出しの向きは、図１における左向き（Ｘ軸の負の向き）であり、第２の根本部２２６において、他端から一端へ向かう導電性経路の取り出しの向きは、図１における右向き（Ｘ軸の正の向き）である。すなわち、これら２つの取り出しの向きは互いに反対向きとなっている。 In the first root portion 225, the direction of taking out the conductive path from one end to the other end is leftward in FIG. 1 (the negative direction of the X axis), and in the second root portion 226, one end from the other end to the other end. The direction of taking out the conductive path toward the right is rightward in FIG. 1 (positive direction of the X axis). That is, the two directions of taking out are opposite to each other.
　すなわち、２つの根本部２２５および２２６のいずれにおいても、それらの延びる向きが、給電部２２２を取り囲むようにして、１８０°回転している。 That is, in both of the two base portions 225 and 226, the extending direction thereof is rotated by 180 ° so as to surround the power feeding portion 222.
　このため、低周波帯域側の電波及び高周波帯域側の電波のいずれを送受信する場合であっても、それぞれの電波に関する高い放射利得を得ることができる。 Therefore, a high radiation gain for each radio wave can be obtained regardless of whether the radio wave on the low frequency band side or the radio wave on the high frequency band side is transmitted / received.
　さらに、２つの根本部２２５、２２６の各取り出しの向きは、第１の根本部２２５の場合、給電線２２１が延在する向き、つまり、図１における左向き（Ｘ軸の負の向き）と同じ向きになり、第２の根本部２２６の場合、給電線２２１が後述する給電部２２２から電源側へ延在する向きと反対の向きとなっている。 Further, in the case of the first root portion 225, the direction of taking out the two root portions 225 and 226 is the same as the direction in which the power supply line 221 extends, that is, the left direction in FIG. 1 (the negative direction of the X axis). In the case of the second root portion 226, the feeding line 221 is in a direction opposite to the direction extending from the feeding portion 222 described later to the power supply side.
　具体的には、巻込部２１１においては、図１において、第１の根本部２２５の延在する向きが、放射素子２１５の上記一端から、上向き（Ｚ軸の正の向き）、その後、左向き（Ｘ軸の負の向き、取り出しの向き）となっている。すなわち、第１の根本部２２５は、上向きに延びる第１の直線部２２５ｏ１、及びこの第１の直線部２２５ｏ１の端部から左向きに延びる第１の屈曲部２２５ｏ２（第１の後端直線部）を有している。 Specifically, in the winding part 211, in FIG. 1, the extending direction of the first root part 225 is upward from the one end of the radiating element 215 (positive direction of the Z axis), and then leftward. (The negative direction of the X axis, the direction of removal). That is, the first root portion 225 includes a first straight portion 225o1 extending upward, and a first bent portion 225o2 (first rear straight portion) extending leftward from an end portion of the first straight portion 225o1. have.
　また、第２の根本部２２６の延在する向きが、放射素子２１５の上記他端から、下向き（Ｚ軸の負の向き）、その後、右向き（Ｘ軸の正の向き、取り出しの向き）となっている。すなわち、第２の根本部２２６は、下向きに延びる第２の直線部２２６ｏ１、及びこの第２の直線部２２６ｏ１の端部から右向きに延びる第２の屈曲部２２６ｏ２（第２の後端直線部）を有している。 Further, the extending direction of the second root portion 226 is from the other end of the radiating element 215 downward (negative direction of the Z axis) and then rightward (positive direction of the X axis, direction of extraction). It has become. That is, the second root portion 226 includes a second straight portion 226o1 extending downward, and a second bent portion 226o2 (second rear end straight portion) extending rightward from an end portion of the second straight portion 226o1. have.
　このように、巻込部２１１においては、２つの根本部２２５、２２６のいずれにおいても、それらの延在する向きが、給電部２２２を取り囲むようにして、互いに反対回りに９０°回転している。 As described above, in the winding part 211, the extending direction of each of the two root parts 225 and 226 rotates 90 ° in the opposite directions so as to surround the power feeding part 222. .
　また、放射素子２１５の中間部の一部が、放射部２１２において、２回以上の折り返しパターンからなるメアンダ形状を有している。そして、このメアンダ形状の折り返しパターンの折り返し方向（Ｚ軸の正の向き又は負の向き）は、巻込部２１１における第２の根本部２２６の取り出しの向き（Ｘ軸の正の向き）、すなわち第２の屈曲部２２６ｏ２（後端直線部）の向きと垂直である。 Further, a part of the intermediate portion of the radiating element 215 has a meander shape formed of a folding pattern of two or more times in the radiating portion 212. The folding direction (positive direction or negative direction of the Z-axis) of this meander-shaped folding pattern is the direction of taking out the second root part 226 in the winding unit 211 (positive direction of the X-axis), that is, It is perpendicular to the direction of the second bent portion 226o2 (rear end straight portion).
　ところで、上記巻込部２１１において、２つの根本部２２５、２２６のそれぞれには、上述した給電部２２２が形成されている。２つの根本部２２５、２２６のそれぞれは、給電部２２２に接続された給電線２２１から給電されている。 By the way, in the winding part 211, the above-described feeding part 222 is formed in each of the two root parts 225 and 226. Each of the two root portions 225 and 226 is supplied with power from a power supply line 221 connected to the power supply portion 222.
　この給電線２２１と給電部２２２との接続構成の詳細を図２１に示す。この接続構成においては、給電線２２１を構成する同軸ケーブルの外部導体１２２が上記第１の根本部２２５に給電し、その同軸ケーブルの内部導体１２３が上記第２の根本部２２６に給電する。また、外部導体１２２が露出した部分と隣り合う、絶縁性外皮にて覆われている部分（外部導体１２２が露出していない部分）は、第１の幅広部２１３上に配置されている。 FIG. 21 shows details of the connection configuration between the power supply line 221 and the power supply unit 222. In this connection configuration, the outer conductor 122 of the coaxial cable constituting the feeder line 221 supplies power to the first root portion 225, and the inner conductor 123 of the coaxial cable supplies power to the second root portion 226. In addition, a portion that is adjacent to a portion where the external conductor 122 is exposed and is covered with an insulating outer shell (a portion where the external conductor 122 is not exposed) is disposed on the first wide portion 213.
　給電線２２１からの給電に関し、具体的には、給電部２２２において、同軸ケーブルの内部導体１２３を介して、所定の周波数帯の信号が第２の根本部２２６に印加され、外部導体１２２を介して、アース電位が第１の根本部２２５に印加される。  Regarding power supply from the power supply line 221, specifically, in the power supply unit 222, a signal in a predetermined frequency band is applied to the second root unit 226 via the inner conductor 123 of the coaxial cable, and via the outer conductor 122. Thus, the ground potential is applied to the first root portion 225.
　図１に戻り、給電線２２１の下方に位置し、給電線２２１と重畳する、第１の幅広部２１３の線幅（Ｘ軸方向の長さ）は、放射素子２１５の巻込部２１１及び放射部２１２を構成する部分の線幅よりも広くなっている。これにより、給電部２２２において、給電線２２１との間のインピーダンス整合を実現することができる。 Returning to FIG. 1, the line width (length in the X-axis direction) of the first wide portion 213 that is positioned below the feeder line 221 and overlaps the feeder line 221 is the winding portion 211 of the radiating element 215 and the radiation. It is wider than the line width of the part constituting the part 212. As a result, impedance matching between the power supply unit 222 and the power supply line 221 can be realized.
　第２の幅広部２１４も、第１の幅広部２１３と同様、巻込部２１１及び放射部２１２を構成する部分の線幅よりも広くなっている。 As with the first wide portion 213, the second wide portion 214 is also wider than the line width of the portions constituting the winding portion 211 and the radiating portion 212.
　図１とは異なり、給電線２２１が給電部２２２からＺ軸の負の向きに延在する場合であれば、この第２の幅広部２１４が第１の幅広部２１３の役割を果たすことになる。すなわち、この場合、給電線２２１の下方に位置し、給電線２２１と重畳する、第２の幅広部２１４の線幅（Ｚ軸方向の長さ）が、巻込部２１１及び放射部２１２を構成する部分の線幅よりも広くなっている、といえる。 Unlike FIG. 1, if the power supply line 221 extends from the power supply unit 222 in the negative direction of the Z axis, the second wide portion 214 serves as the first wide portion 213. . That is, in this case, the line width (the length in the Z-axis direction) of the second wide portion 214 that is positioned below the power supply line 221 and overlaps with the power supply line 221 constitutes the winding unit 211 and the radiation unit 212. It can be said that it is wider than the line width of the part.
　なお、アンテナ２０１のサイズの一例は、図１における左右方向（Ｘ軸方向）の長さが９２ｍｍ、上下方向（Ｚ軸方向）の長さが５２ｍｍである。 As an example of the size of the antenna 201, the length in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) in FIG. 1 is 92 mm, and the length in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) is 52 mm.
　更に、放射部２１２が有するメアンダ形状内に、上記導電性経路を部分的に短絡させる短絡部材２３１が配置されるのが好ましい。ここで、図２を用いて、この短絡部材２３１の役割について、以下、説明する。 Furthermore, it is preferable that a short-circuit member 231 for partially short-circuiting the conductive path is disposed in the meander shape of the radiating portion 212. Here, the role of the short-circuit member 231 will be described below with reference to FIG.
　（短絡部材２３１の役割）
　図２は、メアンダ形状を有する放射素子３１５内に短絡部材３３１を配置して、放射素子３１５内に複数の導電性経路を生じさせた状態を示す模式図である。 (Role of the short-circuit member 231)
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state in which the short-circuit member 331 is arranged in the radiating element 315 having a meander shape and a plurality of conductive paths are generated in the radiating element 315.
　図２に示すように、アンテナ３０１は１本の線路である放射素子３１５を有し、この放射素子３１５はメアンダ形状（メアンダ構造）を有する。すなわち、放射素子３１５はメアンダ化されている。放射素子３１５には給電部３２２において給電線が接続される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the antenna 301 has a radiating element 315 that is a single line, and the radiating element 315 has a meander shape (meander structure). That is, the radiating element 315 is meandered. A feed line is connected to the radiating element 315 at the feed unit 322.
　短絡部材３３１は、メアンダ化された放射素子３１５の例えば異なる２点以上を（複数の点を）短絡させる。図２の例では、短絡部材３３１の両端部に位置する上下方向に延びた２本の直線部間が短絡されている。これにより、放射素子３１５には、第１の波長λ１に対応した実線にて示す第１のパス（第１の導電性経路）と、第２の波長λ２に対応した破線にて示す第２のパス（第２の導電性経路）とが形成される。 The short-circuit member 331 short-circuits, for example, two or more different points (a plurality of points) of the meandering radiation element 315. In the example of FIG. 2, the two straight portions extending in the vertical direction located at both ends of the short-circuit member 331 are short-circuited. Accordingly, the radiation element 315 includes a first path (first conductive path) indicated by a solid line corresponding to the first wavelength λ1 and a second path indicated by a broken line corresponding to the second wavelength λ2. A path (second conductive path) is formed.
　このように、アンテナ３０１では、メアンダ化された放射素子３１５において、複数の異なる点同士を短絡させるように短絡部材３３１を設けて、長さの異なる導電性経路の数を増やすことにより、アンテナ３０１の共振周波数を増加させることができる。これにより、使用帯域におけるアンテナ３０１のＶＳＷＲ特性を向上させることができる。 In this manner, in the antenna 301, the short circuit member 331 is provided so as to short-circuit a plurality of different points in the meandering radiating element 315, and the number of conductive paths having different lengths is increased. Can be increased. Thereby, the VSWR characteristic of the antenna 301 in the use band can be improved.
　ここで、上述したように、アンテナでは、導体部材に搭載された場合、導体部材の影響を受けて、使用帯域（例えば、日本向け地上デジタル放送用アンテナであれば４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚ、北米向け地上デジタル放送用アンテナであれば４７０ＭＨｚ～８６０ＭＨ、欧州向け地上デジタル放送用アンテナであれば４７０～８９０ＭＨｚ）におけるＶＳＷＲ特性が悪化する（ＶＳＷＲ値が上昇する）場合がある。 Here, as described above, when an antenna is mounted on a conductor member, it is affected by the conductor member, so that the use band (for example, 470 MHz to 770 MHz for a terrestrial digital broadcast antenna for Japan, terrestrial digital for North America) The VSWR characteristics at 470 MHz to 860 MHz for a broadcasting antenna and 470 to 890 MHz for a terrestrial digital broadcasting antenna for Europe may deteriorate (VSWR value increases).
　このような場合には、図２のアンテナ３０１において示したように、メアンダ化された放射素子３１５において、複数の異なる点同士を短絡させるように短絡部材３３１を設けることによって、使用帯域におけるＶＳＷＲ特性の悪化（ＶＳＷＲ値の上昇）を抑制することができる。すなわち、導体部材からの影響を考慮し、放射素子３１５の近傍にダミーの導電部材を配置した状態で、放射素子３１５において短絡部材３３１により短絡させる位置を決定して短絡部材３３１を配置する。これにより、長さの異なる導電性経路の数が増加してアンテナ３０１の共振周波数が増加する。この結果、アンテナ３０１を導体部材に搭載した場合でも、導体部材の影響による使用帯域におけるＶＳＷＲ特性の悪化（ＶＳＷＲ値の上昇）を抑制することができる。 In such a case, as shown in the antenna 301 of FIG. 2, in the meandering radiating element 315, by providing a short-circuit member 331 so as to short-circuit a plurality of different points, a VSWR characteristic in the use band is obtained. Deterioration (increase in VSWR value) can be suppressed. That is, in consideration of the influence from the conductor member, the position where the short-circuit member 331 short-circuits in the radiating element 315 is determined in the state where the dummy conductive member is disposed in the vicinity of the radiating element 315, and the short-circuit member 331 is disposed. As a result, the number of conductive paths having different lengths increases and the resonance frequency of the antenna 301 increases. As a result, even when the antenna 301 is mounted on a conductor member, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the VSWR characteristics (increase in the VSWR value) in the use band due to the influence of the conductor member.
　図１に示したアンテナ２０１では、上で述べたような短絡部材３３１として、短絡部材２３１が、メアンダ化された放射部２１２に配置されている。この短絡部材２３１を配置する位置及び箇所の決定は、例えば、次のようにして行われる。 In the antenna 201 shown in FIG. 1, the short-circuit member 231 is arranged in the meandering radiation portion 212 as the short-circuit member 331 as described above. Determination of the position and location which arrange | positions this short circuit member 231 is performed as follows, for example.
　短絡部材２３１の配置は、放射素子２１５が誘電体を介して金属板上に配置された状態で、使用帯域内の各周波数におけるＶＳＷＲ値が、短絡部材２３１を配置していない場合よりも小さくなるように決める。より好ましくは、放射素子２１５が誘電体を介して金属板上に配置された状態で、使用帯域内の各周波数におけるＶＳＷＲ値が、３.５以下になるように決める。 The arrangement of the short-circuit member 231 is smaller than that in the case where the short-circuit member 231 is not arranged in a state where the radiating element 215 is arranged on the metal plate via the dielectric, and at each frequency in the use band. Decide as follows. More preferably, the VSWR value at each frequency in the use band is determined to be 3.5 or less in a state where the radiating element 215 is disposed on the metal plate via the dielectric.
　より具体的に言えば、ダミー金属板上に誘電体を介して配置された放射素子２１５上に短絡部材２３１を仮置きした上で、使用帯域におけるＶＳＷＲ値をモニタしながら短絡部材２３１を移動する。そして、使用帯域内の各周波数においてＶＳＷＲ値が短絡部材を配置していない場合よりも小さくなる位置が見出された場合、その短絡部材２３１をその位置に固定する。一方、使用帯域内の各周波数においてＶＳＷＲ値が短絡部材を配置していない場合よりも小さくなる位置を見出せなかった場合、使用する短絡部材２３１を形状またはサイズの異なるものに取り替えながら、上記の試行を繰り返す。 More specifically, after the short-circuit member 231 is temporarily placed on the radiating element 215 disposed on the dummy metal plate via the dielectric, the short-circuit member 231 is moved while monitoring the VSWR value in the use band. . And when the position where VSWR value becomes smaller than the case where the short circuit member is not arrange | positioned in each frequency in a use band is found, the short circuit member 231 is fixed to the position. On the other hand, when the position where the VSWR value becomes smaller than the case where the short-circuit member is not arranged at each frequency in the use band cannot be found, the above-described trial is performed while replacing the short-circuit member 231 to be used with one having a different shape or size. repeat.
　短絡部材２３１は、放射素子２１５の所定の位置同士を短絡させるものであり、例えば、金属材料などの導電材料を用いることができる。短絡部材２３１は、例えば放射素子２１５に直接接触し、放射素子２１５を短絡させる。 The short-circuit member 231 is for short-circuiting predetermined positions of the radiating element 215, and for example, a conductive material such as a metal material can be used. For example, the short-circuit member 231 directly contacts the radiating element 215 and short-circuits the radiating element 215.
　ここで、短絡部材２３１の有無とＶＳＷＲ特性との関係について調べた実験結果について、以下に説明する。 Here, the experimental results of examining the relationship between the presence / absence of the short-circuit member 231 and the VSWR characteristics will be described below.
　（短絡部材の有無による効果）
　この実験においては、図３に示すように、３５０ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍの導体部材としての金属板４０３上に、誘電体層４０２を介してアンテナ４０１を搭載した。誘電体層４０２については後述する。なお、アンテナ４０１のサイズが１００ｍｍ×５０ｍｍ程度であれば、アンテナ４０１を３５０ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍの導体部材上に搭載したときと概ね同じ特性が、アンテナ４０１を自動車のボンネット等の導体部材上に搭載した場合にも得られる。 (Effects due to the presence or absence of short-circuit members)
In this experiment, as shown in FIG. 3, an antenna 401 was mounted on a metal plate 403 as a conductor member of 350 mm × 250 mm through a dielectric layer 402. The dielectric layer 402 will be described later. In addition, if the size of the antenna 401 is about 100 mm × 50 mm, when the antenna 401 is mounted on a conductor member such as an automobile bonnet, the characteristics are almost the same as when the antenna 401 is mounted on a conductor member of 350 mm × 250 mm. Can also be obtained.
　アンテナ４０１には、図１に示したアンテナ２０１、及び図４に示すアンテナ５０１を使用し、それぞれについてＶＳＷＲ特性を測定した。なお、図４のアンテナ５０１は、図１のアンテナ２０１に設けられている短絡部材２３１が設けられていない点を除き、図１のアンテナ２０１と同一の構成を有している。 As the antenna 401, the antenna 201 shown in FIG. 1 and the antenna 501 shown in FIG. 4 were used, and the VSWR characteristics were measured for each of them. Note that the antenna 501 in FIG. 4 has the same configuration as the antenna 201 in FIG. 1 except that the short-circuit member 231 provided in the antenna 201 in FIG. 1 is not provided.
　図５は、アンテナ２０１及びアンテナ５０１の各ＶＳＷＲ特性の測定結果を示すグラフである。図５において、「短絡部材有り」のグラフがアンテナ２０１の測定結果であり、「短絡部材無し」のグラフがアンテナ５０１の測定結果である。なお、この測定時においては、誘電体層４０２の厚さｄは５ｍｍ、比誘電率εｒは１であった。 FIG. 5 is a graph showing measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 201 and the antenna 501. In FIG. 5, the graph of “with short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 201, and the graph of “without short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 501. At the time of this measurement, the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 was 5 mm, and the relative dielectric constant ε r was 1.
　図５に示す実験結果からは、アンテナ２０１において短絡部材２３１を配置し、短絡を生じさせることにより、地上波デジタルテレビ帯域（４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚ）に対し、８００ＭＨｚ以下の帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることが分かる。 From the experimental results shown in FIG. 5, the short circuit member 231 is arranged in the antenna 201 to cause a short circuit, so that the VSWR is 3.5 or less in a band of 800 MHz or less with respect to the terrestrial digital television band (470 MHz to 770 MHz). It can be seen that
　ただし、アンテナ５０１においても、約６５０ＭＨｚ～７５０ＭＨｚの周波数帯では、ＶＳＷＲが３．５以下に抑えられているので、この周波数帯では良好な送受信を行うことができる。これは、アンテナ５０１がメアンダ形状の導電性経路を持つ放射素子２１５を備えていることによる効果であると考えられる。 However, also in the antenna 501, the VSWR is suppressed to 3.5 or less in the frequency band of about 650 MHz to 750 MHz, so that satisfactory transmission / reception can be performed in this frequency band. This is considered to be an effect of the antenna 501 including the radiating element 215 having a meander-shaped conductive path.
　アンテナ５０１の場合には、良好な周波数帯が約６５０ＭＨｚ～７５０ＭＨｚという結果になっているが、これは単なる一例に過ぎない。すなわち、メアンダ形状の設計によって、ＶＳＷＲを３．５以下とする周波数の値と範囲とを様々に変えることができる。したがって、使用周波数帯によっては、短絡部材は無くてもよい。 In the case of the antenna 501, a good frequency band is about 650 MHz to 750 MHz, but this is merely an example. That is, depending on the meander shape design, the value and range of the frequency at which the VSWR is 3.5 or less can be changed variously. Therefore, depending on the frequency band used, the short-circuit member may not be provided.
　なお、本実施の形態では、同一平面上の隣合う複数の点を短絡することで説明したが、隣合っていない複数の点を短絡してもよい。例えば直線形状ではない短絡部材で短絡したり、２層構造として短絡部材をアンテナ２０１とは異なる面に配置して層間導通により離れた２点以上の点を短絡しても良い。 In addition, in this Embodiment, although demonstrated by short-circuiting several adjacent points on the same plane, you may short-circuit several points which are not adjacent. For example, a short-circuit member having a non-linear shape may be short-circuited, or a two-layer structure may be provided on a surface different from the antenna 201 to short-circuit two or more points separated by interlayer conduction.
　このように、短絡部材２３１を配置する位置及び箇所を決定することによって、放射素子２１５の共振点を増加させ、ＶＳＷＲ値を低下させることが一層好ましいことを見出した。この短絡部材２３１の使用により、アンテナ２０１が導体部材に搭載される場合でも、使用可能帯域の拡大を図ることができる。 Thus, it has been found that it is more preferable to increase the resonance point of the radiating element 215 and decrease the VSWR value by determining the position and location where the short-circuit member 231 is disposed. By using the short-circuit member 231, the usable bandwidth can be expanded even when the antenna 201 is mounted on the conductor member.
　（誘電体の厚さによる効果）
　発明者等は、図３に示すように、アンテナ４０１と導体部材としての金属板４０３との間に誘電体層４０２を設けることにより、アンテナ４０１と導体部材（金属板４０３）との間の距離を数ｍｍ程度に小さくしても実用に耐えるＶＳＷＲ特性を有するアンテナを実現できることを見出した。この際、誘電体層４０２の比誘電率εｒは１以上１０以下に設定することが望ましい。これは、比誘電率εｒを１０よりも大きくすると、放射効率の低下が無視できなくなるためである。 (Effects of dielectric thickness)
As shown in FIG. 3, the inventors provide a dielectric layer 402 between the antenna 401 and a metal plate 403 as a conductor member, whereby the distance between the antenna 401 and the conductor member (metal plate 403). It has been found that an antenna having a VSWR characteristic that can withstand practical use can be realized even if the value is reduced to about several millimeters. At this time, the relative dielectric constant ε r of the dielectric layer 402 is preferably set to 1 or more and 10 or less. This is because if the relative dielectric constant ε r is greater than 10, the reduction in radiation efficiency cannot be ignored.
　図６に、誘電体層４０２の厚さｄを変化させ、各厚さｄにおけるアンテナ４０１のＶＳＷＲ特性の測定結果を示す。ここでは、図１のアンテナ２０１をアンテナ４０１として用いている。 FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 401 at each thickness d when the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is changed. Here, the antenna 201 in FIG. 1 is used as the antenna 401.
　また、厚さｄとして、ｄ＝無限大（∞）、ｄ＝５ｍｍ、ｄ＝２ｍｍ、ｄ＝０ｍｍ、の４条件を用意した。なお、ｄ＝無限大とは、アンテナ２０１と金属板４０３との距離が無限大、つまり、金属板４０３が存在しない状況を意味する条件である。また、ｄ＝０ｍｍは、アンテナ２０１が金属板４０３に対して可能な限り薄い絶縁膜等の絶縁部材を介して接触するように搭載されている状況を意味する条件である。つまり、ｄ＝０ｍｍは、アンテナ２０１の導体部分と金属板４０３とが直接接触しないで絶縁状態を保ち、可能な限りアンテナ２０１と金属板４０３とが接近している状態の距離を示している。 Also, as the thickness d, four conditions of d = infinity (∞), d = 5 mm, d = 2 mm, d = 0 mm were prepared. Note that d = infinity is a condition that means that the distance between the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403 is infinite, that is, the metal plate 403 does not exist. D = 0 mm is a condition that means a situation in which the antenna 201 is mounted so as to contact the metal plate 403 through an insulating member such as an insulating film that is as thin as possible. That is, d = 0 mm indicates a distance in which the conductor portion of the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403 are kept in an insulating state without being in direct contact and the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403 are as close as possible.
　図６に示すように、ｄ＝無限大、ｄ＝５ｍｍの２つ条件において、４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚの帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることが分かる。また、ｄ＝２ｍｍとした場合でも、６７０ＭＨｚ近傍の帯域を除けば、４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚの帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることが分かる。このことから次のようなことがいえる。 As shown in FIG. 6, it is understood that VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the band of 470 MHz to 770 MHz under the two conditions of d = infinity and d = 5 mm. Further, even when d = 2 mm, it can be seen that VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the band of 470 MHz to 770 MHz except for the band near 670 MHz. From this, the following can be said.
　ｄ＝無限大、すなわち、アンテナ２０１が金属板４０３に搭載されていなければ、アンテナ２０１は金属板４０３からの影響を受けることは無い。言い換えると、アンテナ２０１が金属板４０３に無限遠から徐々に金属板４０３に近づくとすれば、金属板４０３に近づけば近づくほど、金属板４０３からの影響を強く受けるはずである。 D = infinity, that is, if the antenna 201 is not mounted on the metal plate 403, the antenna 201 is not affected by the metal plate 403. In other words, if the antenna 201 approaches the metal plate 403 gradually from infinity to the metal plate 403, the closer to the metal plate 403, the stronger the influence from the metal plate 403 should be.
　したがって、図６の結果からいえることは、アンテナ２０１と金属板４０３との間の誘電体層４０２の厚さｄ、すなわち、アンテナ２０１と金属板４０３との間の距離を５ｍｍ以上とすれば、４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚの帯域において、ＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることができるといえる。また、アンテナ２０１と金属板４０３との間の距離を２ｍｍ以上とすれば、一部の例外的な帯域を除けば、４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚの帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることができるといえる。 Therefore, what can be said from the result of FIG. 6 is that if the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 between the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403, that is, the distance between the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403 is 5 mm or more, It can be said that VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the band of 470 MHz to 770 MHz. Further, if the distance between the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403 is 2 mm or more, the VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the band of 470 MHz to 770 MHz except for some exceptional bands. I can say that.
　ここで、図６は、比誘電率εｒが約２～３の厚み１ｍｍ以下のアンテナ基材を使用した場合で、基材以外の離隔、すなわち誘電体層４０２の厚さｄを、比誘電率εｒ＝約１の材料（発泡スチロールなど）で設けた場合の特性を示している。 Here, FIG. 6 shows a case where an antenna base material having a relative dielectric constant εr of about 2 to 3 and a thickness of 1 mm or less is used, and a distance other than the base material, that is, the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is expressed as a relative dielectric constant. The characteristic is shown when the material is provided with a material of εr = about 1 (such as polystyrene foam).
　従って、図６に示す特性では、厚さｄ＝２ｍｍのとき、６７０ＭＨ近傍でＶＳＷＲが劣化するが、本発明では必ずしも６７０ＭＨｚ帯域のＶＳＷＲが劣化するわけではない。これは、図１１に示す特性が、短絡部材やメアンダ形状、アンテナ基材の比誘電率εｒ及び厚さ、誘電体層４０２の比誘電率εｒ等を最適化することにより調整することが可能だからである。 Therefore, in the characteristics shown in FIG. 6, when the thickness is d = 2 mm, the VSWR deteriorates in the vicinity of 670 MH. However, in the present invention, the VSWR in the 670 MHz band does not necessarily deteriorate. This is because the characteristics shown in FIG. 11 can be adjusted by optimizing the short-circuit member or the meander shape, the relative permittivity εr and thickness of the antenna substrate, the relative permittivity εr of the dielectric layer 402, and the like. It is.
　図７は、図１に示したアンテナ２０１の５５０ＭＨｚ帯域における放射パターンを示すグラフである。（ａ）は、図３に示すｘｙｚ座標系のｘｙ面における放射パターン、（ｂ）は、ｙｚ面における放射パターン、（ｃ）は、ｚｘ面における放射パターンをそれぞれ示している。このときの誘電体層４０２の厚さｄは５ｍｍ、比誘電率εｒは１であった。また、図７中に示すＥθは、垂直偏波Ｖに対するアンテナの放射パワーを表わし、Ｅφは、水平偏波Ｈに対するアンテナの放射パワーを表わし、Ｅtotalはアンテナの全放射パワーを表している。 FIG. 7 is a graph showing a radiation pattern in the 550 MHz band of the antenna 201 shown in FIG. 3A shows a radiation pattern on the xy plane of the xyz coordinate system shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 3B shows a radiation pattern on the yz plane, and FIG. 3C shows a radiation pattern on the zx plane. The thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 in this case is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant epsilon r was 1. Further, Eθ shown in FIG. 7 represents the radiation power of the antenna with respect to the vertical polarization V, Eφ represents the radiation power of the antenna with respect to the horizontal polarization H, and Etotal represents the total radiation power of the antenna.
　図７によれば、ｘｙ面における放射パターン、ｙｚ面における放射パターン、ｚｘ面における放射パターンのいずれにおいても、放射無指向性が実現されていることが分かる。 7 that the radiation omnidirectionality is realized in any of the radiation pattern on the xy plane, the radiation pattern on the yz plane, and the radiation pattern on the zz plane.
　以上のように、アンテナ２０１は、導電性経路が二次元的に形成された平板状の放射素子２１５と、放射素子２１５に接続される給電線２２１とを備えて構成されている。放射素子２１５は、導電性経路の一端から所定の長さ部分の第１の根本部２２５と、導電性経路の他端から所定の長さ部分の第２の根本部２２６と、第１の根本部２２５と第２の根本部２２６とを中継する中間部とを有し、第１及び第２の根本部２２５，２２６の先端領域には給電線２２１に接続される給電部２２２が形成されている。中間部には少なくとも１回、より好ましくは２回以上の折り返しパターンを有するメアンダ形状の導電性経路が形成されている。アンテナ２０１の平板状の放射素子２１５を、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定されている。 As described above, the antenna 201 is configured to include the flat radiating element 215 in which the conductive path is two-dimensionally formed, and the feed line 221 connected to the radiating element 215. The radiating element 215 includes a first root portion 225 having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, a second root portion 226 having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path, and a first root. A feed portion 222 connected to the feed line 221 is formed in the tip region of the first and second root portions 225 and 226. The intermediate portion that relays the portion 225 and the second root portion 226 is formed. Yes. A meander-shaped conductive path having a folded pattern at least once, more preferably twice or more is formed in the intermediate portion. A flat radiating element 215 of the antenna 201 is embedded in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material and integrated, or is fixed along the surface shape of the interior material.
　これにより、高いアンテナ性能を有しつつ、高い設置自由度を備えたアンテナの取付構造を提供することができる。 Thereby, it is possible to provide an antenna mounting structure having high installation performance while having high antenna performance.
　（変形例）
　図８は、アンテナ２０１の変形例であるアンテナ２０１ａを示している。以下、上記のアンテナ２０１と異なる部分について、その詳細な説明を行うものとし、同様の部分については、説明を省略する。 (Modification)
FIG. 8 shows an antenna 201 a which is a modification of the antenna 201. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given of portions different from the antenna 201 described above, and description of similar portions will be omitted.
　アンテナ２０１ａのサイズは、図８における左右方向（Ｘ軸方向）の長さが８３ｍｍ、上下方向（Ｚ軸方向）の長さが５６ｍｍである。 The size of the antenna 201a is 83 mm in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) in FIG. 8 and 56 mm in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction).
　巻込部２１１ａにおいて、放射素子２１５ａの２つの根本部２２５ａ、２２６ａのそれぞれに、給電部２２２ａが形成されている。２つの根本部２２５ａ、２２６ａのそれぞれは、給電部２２２ａに接続された給電線２２１ａから給電されている。 In the winding part 211a, a power feeding part 222a is formed on each of the two root parts 225a and 226a of the radiating element 215a. Each of the two root portions 225a and 226a is supplied with power from a power supply line 221a connected to the power supply portion 222a.
　なお、第１の根本部２２５ａは、第１の直線部２２５ａ１及び第１の屈曲部２２５ａ２（第１の後端直線部）を有している。第１の直線部２２５ａ１および第１の屈曲部２２５ａ２は、図７に示した第１の根本部２２５の第１の直線部２２５ｏ１および第１の屈曲部２２５ｏ２に対応している。同様に、第２の根本部２２６ａは、第２の直線部２２６ａ１及び第２の屈曲部２２６ａ２（第２の後端直線部）を有している。第２の直線部２２６ａ１および第２の屈曲部２２６ａ２は、図７に示した第２の根本部２２６の第２の直線部２２６ｏ１および第２の屈曲部２２６ｏ２に対応している。 In addition, the 1st root part 225a has the 1st linear part 225a1 and the 1st bending part 225a2 (1st back end linear part). The first straight portion 225a1 and the first bent portion 225a2 correspond to the first straight portion 225o1 and the first bent portion 225o2 of the first root portion 225 shown in FIG. Similarly, the second root portion 226a has a second straight portion 226a1 and a second bent portion 226a2 (second rear end straight portion). The second straight portion 226a1 and the second bent portion 226a2 correspond to the second straight portion 226o1 and the second bent portion 226o2 of the second root portion 226 shown in FIG.
　給電線２２１ａは、給電部２２２ａから延在する向きが、上記第１の実施形態における上記給電線２２１とは異なり、図８に示すＺ軸の負の向きとなっている。 Unlike the power supply line 221 in the first embodiment, the power supply line 221a extends in the negative direction of the Z axis shown in FIG. 8, unlike the power supply line 221 in the first embodiment.
　このため、２つの根本部２２５ａ、２２６ａの取り出しの向きは、いずれも、図１において給電線２２１が延在する向きとは直交し、給電線２２１ａが延在する向きとは平行になっている。 For this reason, the direction in which the two root portions 225a and 226a are taken out is orthogonal to the direction in which the power supply line 221 extends in FIG. 1 and is parallel to the direction in which the power supply line 221a extends. .
　また、第１の幅広部２１３ａは、給電線２２１ａの下方において形成され、給電線２２１ａと重畳する部分の線幅（Ｘ軸方向の長さ）が、巻込部２１１ａ及び放射部２１２ａを構成する部分の線幅よりも広くなっている。 The first wide portion 213a is formed below the feeder line 221a, and the line width (the length in the X-axis direction) of the portion overlapping the feeder line 221a constitutes the winding portion 211a and the radiating portion 212a. It is wider than the line width of the part.
　図８に示す構成に代えて、上記給電線２２１ａを上記給電線２２２ａからＸ軸の負の向きに延在させてもよい。 Instead of the configuration shown in FIG. 8, the power supply line 221a may be extended from the power supply line 222a in the negative direction of the X axis.
　更に、放射部２１２ａが有するメアンダ形状内に短絡部材２３１ａ及び短絡部材２３２ａが配置されている。この短絡部材２３１ａ及び短絡部材２３２ａの役割については、上述した短絡部材２３１と同様である。 Furthermore, the short-circuit member 231a and the short-circuit member 232a are disposed in the meander shape of the radiation portion 212a. The roles of the short-circuit member 231a and the short-circuit member 232a are the same as those of the short-circuit member 231 described above.
　次に、上記短絡部材２３１ａ及び２３２ａの有無により、ＶＳＷＲ特性がどの程度向上するかについて、発明者等が実験を行った。その実験結果について、以下に説明する。 Next, the inventors conducted experiments on how much the VSWR characteristics are improved by the presence or absence of the short- circuit members 231a and 232a. The experimental results will be described below.
　（短絡部材の有無による効果）
　発明者等は、上記アンテナ２０１と同様、図３に示すように、３５０ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍの金属板４０３上に、誘電体層４０２を介してアンテナ４０１を搭載した。 (Effects due to the presence or absence of short-circuit members)
The inventors mounted the antenna 401 via a dielectric layer 402 on a 350 mm × 250 mm metal plate 403 as shown in FIG.
　アンテナ４０１には、図８に示したアンテナ２０１ａ、図９に示すアンテナ５０２、及び、図１０に示すアンテナ５０３を使用し、それぞれについてＶＳＷＲ特性を測定した。図９に示すアンテナ５０２は、図８に示す短絡部材２３２ａが放射部２１２ａのメアンダ形状部内に配置されていないことを除き、図８に示すアンテナ２０１ａと同一の構成を有している。また、図１０に示すアンテナ５０３は、図８に示す短絡部材２３１ａ及び２３２ａが放射部２１２ａのメアンダ形状部内に配置されていないことを除き、図８に示すアンテナ２０１ａと同一の構成を有している。 As the antenna 401, the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 8, the antenna 502 shown in FIG. 9, and the antenna 503 shown in FIG. 10 were used, and the VSWR characteristics were measured for each of them. The antenna 502 shown in FIG. 9 has the same configuration as the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 8 except that the short-circuit member 232a shown in FIG. 8 is not arranged in the meander shape portion of the radiating portion 212a. Further, the antenna 503 shown in FIG. 10 has the same configuration as the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 8 except that the short- circuit members 231a and 232a shown in FIG. 8 are not arranged in the meander shape portion of the radiating portion 212a. Yes.
　図１１に、アンテナ２０１ａ、アンテナ５０２及びアンテナ５０３の各ＶＳＷＲ特性の測定結果を示す。図１１において、「短絡部材有り」のグラフがアンテナ２０１ａの測定結果であり、「短絡部材無し」のグラフがアンテナ５０３の測定結果であり、「第２の短絡部材無し」のグラフがアンテナ５０２の測定結果である。なお、この測定時においては、誘電体層４０２の厚さｄは５ｍｍ、比誘電率εｒは１であった。 FIG. 11 shows measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 201a, the antenna 502, and the antenna 503. In FIG. 11, the graph “with short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 201 a, the graph “without short circuit member” is the measurement result of the antenna 503, and the graph “without second short circuit member” is the antenna 502. It is a measurement result. At the time of this measurement, the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 was 5 mm, and the relative dielectric constant ε r was 1.
　図１１に示すように、先ず、「第２の短絡部材無し」のグラフから、短絡部材２３１ａを配置し、短絡を生じさせることにより、地上波デジタルテレビ帯域（４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚ）のうち、低周波帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることが分かる。 As shown in FIG. 11, first, from the graph of “no second short-circuit member”, by arranging the short-circuit member 231a and causing a short-circuit, a low frequency in the terrestrial digital television band (470 MHz to 770 MHz) is obtained. It can be seen that VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the band.
　更に、「短絡部材有り」のグラフから、短絡部材２３２ａを配置し、短絡を生じさせることにより、地上波デジタルテレビ帯域（４７０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚ）のうち、高周波帯域においてもＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることが分かる。 Furthermore, from the graph of “with short circuit member”, by arranging the short circuit member 232a and causing a short circuit, the VSWR is suppressed to 3.5 or less even in the high frequency band of the terrestrial digital television band (470 MHz to 770 MHz). You can see that
　ただし、「短絡部材無し」のグラフから、前述したように、アンテナ５０３においても、約５５０ＭＨｚ～６２０ＭＨｚの周波数帯および約６８０ＭＨｚ～７７０ＭＨｚの周波数帯では、ＶＳＷＲが３．５以下に抑えられているので、この周波数帯では良好な送受信を行うことができる。これは、アンテナ５０３がメアンダ形状の導電性経路を持つ放射素子２１５ａを備えていることによる効果であると考えられる。したがって、使用周波数帯によって、短絡部材の設置数は０も含んで変更可能である。 However, from the graph of “no short-circuit member”, as described above, in the antenna 503, the VSWR is suppressed to 3.5 or less in the frequency band of about 550 MHz to 620 MHz and the frequency band of about 680 MHz to 770 MHz. Good transmission and reception can be performed in this frequency band. This is considered to be an effect of the antenna 503 including the radiating element 215a having a meander-shaped conductive path. Therefore, the number of short-circuit members installed, including zero, can be changed depending on the frequency band used.
　（誘電体の厚さによる効果）
　図１２に、誘電体層４０２の厚さｄを変化させ、各厚さｄにおけるアンテナ４０１のＶＳＷＲ特性の測定結果を示す。ここでは、図８のアンテナ２０１ａをアンテナ４０１として用いている。 (Effects of dielectric thickness)
FIG. 12 shows the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna 401 at each thickness d when the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is changed. Here, the antenna 201 a in FIG. 8 is used as the antenna 401.
　また、厚さｄとして、ｄ＝無限大（∞）、ｄ＝５ｍｍ、ｄ＝２ｍｍ、ｄ＝０ｍｍ、の４条件を用意した。 Also, as the thickness d, four conditions of d = infinity (∞), d = 5 mm, d = 2 mm, d = 0 mm were prepared.
　図１２に示すように、ｄ＝無限大、ｄ＝５ｍｍの２つの条件において、４２０ＭＨｚ～９２０ＭＨｚの帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．１以下に抑えられることが分かる。 As shown in FIG. 12, it can be seen that VSWR can be suppressed to 3.1 or less in the band of 420 MHz to 920 MHz under the two conditions of d = infinity and d = 5 mm.
　また、ｄ＝無限大、ｄ＝５ｍｍ、ｄ＝２ｍｍの３つの条件において、４２０ＭＨｚ～８７０ＭＨｚの帯域においてＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることが分かる。 It can also be seen that VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the 420 MHz to 870 MHz band under the three conditions of d = infinity, d = 5 mm, and d = 2 mm.
　このことから、アンテナ２０１と金属板４０３との間の距離を２ｍｍ以上とすれば、４２０ＭＨｚ～８７０ＭＨｚの帯域において、ＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられることができるといえる。ここで、図１２は、比誘電率εｒが約２～３の１ｍｍ以下のアンテナ基材を使用した場合で、かつ、基材以外の離隔、すなわち誘電体層４０２の厚さｄを、比誘電率εｒ＝約１の材料（発泡スチロールなど）によって設けた場合の特性を示している。 From this, it can be said that if the distance between the antenna 201 and the metal plate 403 is 2 mm or more, the VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less in the band of 420 MHz to 870 MHz. Here, FIG. 12 shows a case where an antenna base material having a relative dielectric constant εr of about 2 to 3 and 1 mm or less is used, and a distance other than the base material, that is, the thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 is expressed as a relative dielectric constant. The characteristic when provided by a material (such as polystyrene foam) having a ratio εr = about 1 is shown.
　なお、ｄ＝０ｍｍの場合でも、例えば、４５０ＭＨｚ近傍の周波数帯、約５２０ＭＨｚ～６９０ＭＨｚおよび約７５０ＭＨｚ～８３０ＭＨｚなどの周波数帯では、ＶＳＷＲを３．５以下に抑えられ、良好な送受信を行うことができる。したがって、使用周波数帯が特定の周波数帯に限定して構わない場合には、本発明のメアンダ形状の放射素子を備えたアンテナを、導体面とは絶縁した状態を保った状態で、できるだけ接近させて設置することができる。 Even when d = 0 mm, for example, in a frequency band near 450 MHz, a frequency band such as about 520 MHz to 690 MHz and about 750 MHz to 830 MHz, the VSWR can be suppressed to 3.5 or less, and good transmission / reception can be performed. . Therefore, when the frequency band to be used may be limited to a specific frequency band, the antenna provided with the meander-shaped radiating element of the present invention is made as close as possible while keeping the state insulated from the conductor surface. Can be installed.
　図１３は、図８に示したアンテナ２０１ａの５５０ＭＨｚ帯域における放射パターンを示すグラフである。図１３の（ａ）は、図３に示すｘｙｚ座標系のｘｙ面における放射パターン、図１３の（ｂ）は、ｙｚ面における放射パターン、図１３の（ｃ）は、ｚｘ面における放射パターンをそれぞれ示している。このときの誘電体層４０２の厚さｄは５ｍｍ、比誘電率εｒは１であった。 FIG. 13 is a graph showing a radiation pattern in the 550 MHz band of the antenna 201a shown in FIG. 13A shows a radiation pattern on the xy plane of the xyz coordinate system shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 13B shows a radiation pattern on the yz plane, and FIG. 13C shows a radiation pattern on the zx plane. Each is shown. The thickness d of the dielectric layer 402 in this case is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant epsilon r was 1.
　図１３によれば、ｘｙ面における放射パターン、ｙｚ面における放射パターン、ｚｘ面における放射パターンのいずれにおいても、放射無指向性が実現されていることが分かる。 Referring to FIG. 13, it can be seen that radiation omnidirectionality is realized in any of the radiation pattern on the xy plane, the radiation pattern on the yz plane, and the radiation pattern on the zz plane.
　図１４は、図１に示すアンテナ２０１の変形例であるアンテナ５０４を示している。以下、上記のアンテナ２０１と異なる部分について、その詳細な説明を行うものとし、同様の部分については、説明を省略する。 FIG. 14 shows an antenna 504 which is a modification of the antenna 201 shown in FIG. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given of portions different from the antenna 201 described above, and description of similar portions will be omitted.
　アンテナ５０４では、第１の幅広部２１３ｂおよび巻込部２１１ｂのＺ軸正方向における長さが、アンテナ２０１の第１の幅広部２１３および巻込部２１１より長くなっている。したがって、第１の幅広部２１３ｂおよび巻込部２１１ｂのＺ軸正方向側の上端部は、放射素子２１５のＺ軸正方向側の上端部の位置から、Ｚ軸正方向側に張り出している。 In the antenna 504, the lengths of the first wide portion 213b and the winding portion 211b in the positive Z-axis direction are longer than those of the first wide portion 213 and the winding portion 211 of the antenna 201. Therefore, the upper ends on the Z-axis positive direction side of the first wide portion 213b and the winding portion 211b protrude from the position of the upper end portion on the Z-axis positive direction side of the radiating element 215 to the Z-axis positive direction side.
　また、アンテナ２０１の短絡部材２３１は、独立した部材として設けられているが、アンテナ５０４では、Ｚ軸負方向側の下端部において、放射素子２１５ｂを形成する導電性経路と同じ材料により、導電性経路と一体化された短絡部２３１ｃが形成されている。さらに、Ｚ軸に沿って折り返され、隣り合って並走する２本の導電性経路を１本に一体化し、そのＸ軸方向の幅を、１本の導電性経路の幅のほぼ３倍とした短絡部２３１ｄが形成されている。１本に一体化する場合の並走する導電性経路の本数は、良好なＶＳＷＲ特性が得られるように適宜調整すればよいことはいうまでもない。上記短絡部２３１ｃのＸ軸方向の長さについても、同様に適宜調整可能である。 Further, although the short-circuit member 231 of the antenna 201 is provided as an independent member, in the antenna 504, the conductive material is made of the same material as that of the conductive path forming the radiating element 215b at the lower end portion on the Z-axis negative direction side. A short-circuit portion 231c integrated with the path is formed. Further, two conductive paths that are folded back along the Z axis and run side by side are integrated into one, and the width in the X-axis direction is approximately three times the width of one conductive path. The short-circuit part 231d thus formed is formed. Needless to say, the number of parallel conductive paths in the case of integration into one may be appropriately adjusted so as to obtain good VSWR characteristics. Similarly, the length of the short-circuit portion 231c in the X-axis direction can be adjusted as appropriate.
　このように、短絡部材を、独立した部材とするのではなく、導電性経路と同じ材料により、導電性経路と一体化して形成する方が、導電性経路と短絡部材とを同時に形成することができるので、製造工程が簡便になる。 In this way, instead of using the short-circuit member as an independent member, it is possible to form the conductive path and the short-circuit member at the same time by forming the short-circuit member integrally with the conductive path using the same material as the conductive path. As a result, the manufacturing process is simplified.
　（アンテナの配設例１）
　上記各アンテナの平板状の放射素子２１５（２１５ａ、２１５ｂ）は、前述したように、上記内装材の表面形状に沿って、若しくは絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化して固定されている。以下、上記各アンテナの具体的な取付構造について説明する。なお、以下の説明においては、説明の都合上、上記各アンテナの付番をまとめて「１００」と表すものとする。 (Antenna placement example 1)
As described above, the flat radiating element 215 (215a, 215b) of each antenna is fixed by being embedded along the surface shape of the interior material or embedded in the interior material for a moving body made of an insulating material. Has been. Hereinafter, a specific mounting structure of each antenna will be described. In the following description, for convenience of explanation, the numbering of each antenna is collectively expressed as “100”.
　また、移動体全般の内装材は、樹脂のような誘電体（絶縁体）によって形成されているとは限らないが、以下の説明では、移動体の内装材は、誘電体（絶縁体）によって形成されていることを前提とする。 In addition, the interior material of the moving body in general is not necessarily formed by a dielectric (insulator) such as a resin. However, in the following description, the interior material of the moving body is a dielectric (insulator). It is assumed that it is formed.
　上記各アンテナ１００が上記内装材１０５の表面１０５ａの形状に沿って配設される取付構造の具体的な例として、例えば図１５に示すように、上記内装材１０５の表面１０５ａに上記各アンテナ１００が直接貼着される構造がある。 As a specific example of a mounting structure in which each antenna 100 is disposed along the shape of the surface 105a of the interior material 105, for example, as shown in FIG. There is a structure where is directly attached.
　この態様では、比較的狭い空間に対し上記アンテナ１００を配設することが可能となり、上記各アンテナ１００は、金属面からの離間距離が５～５０ｍｍ必要であった従来技術に比して、上記離間距離が少なくて済む。すなわち、図１５に示すように、絶縁材からなる内装材と導体からなる外装材とが対向している場合（放射素子２１５が上記外装材と上記内装材との間に配設される場合）に、上記アンテナ（放射素子）と外装材との離間距離Ｌを２ｍｍ以上設ければよい。よって、アンテナ１００は、その設置に要するスペースが少なくて済み、高い設置自由度を有する。 In this aspect, it is possible to dispose the antenna 100 in a relatively narrow space, and the antenna 100 has a distance of 5 to 50 mm from the metal surface as compared with the related art. The separation distance is small. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, when the interior material made of an insulating material and the exterior material made of a conductor face each other (when the radiating element 215 is disposed between the exterior material and the interior material). Further, the distance L between the antenna (radiating element) and the exterior material may be 2 mm or more. Therefore, the antenna 100 requires a small space for installation, and has a high degree of installation freedom.
　（アンテナの配設例２）
　以上のような設置方法を用いて上記各アンテナ１００が設置可能な設置場所の具体例について説明する。図１６は、自動車内のうち前方側の外観構成の一例を示す図、図１７は、図１６に示す外観構成のうち、ルーフ（屋根）を支持するピラーの拡大図である。 (Example 2 of antenna arrangement)
A specific example of an installation location where each antenna 100 can be installed using the above installation method will be described. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of an external configuration on the front side in an automobile, and FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of a pillar that supports a roof (roof) in the external configuration shown in FIG.
　図１６，図１７に示すように、上記各アンテナ１００は、例えばピラー１０６に設置し得る。ピラー１０６は、窓ガラスから近い位置にあるので、外から来た電波が回り込む結果、強い電波を受信できることが期待できる設置場所である。図１６，図１７には、上記ピラー１０６のうち上記各アンテナ１００を設置し得る部位の一例を点線で示している。図１８は、図１７に示すピラー１０６を所定位置でその長手方向に交差する平面Ｈによって切断した場合の切断面の一例を示す図である。 As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, each antenna 100 can be installed in a pillar 106, for example. Since the pillar 106 is close to the window glass, it can be expected to receive strong radio waves as a result of radio waves coming from outside. In FIGS. 16 and 17, an example of a portion of the pillar 106 where the antenna 100 can be installed is indicated by a dotted line. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cut surface when the pillar 106 illustrated in FIG. 17 is cut at a predetermined position by a plane H that intersects the longitudinal direction thereof.
　図１８に示すピラー１０６は、導体で構成された上記外装材（外装ボディ）１０７と、合成樹脂で構成された上記車両用内装材１０８とを有する。上記外装材１０７は断面円弧状を呈する一方、上記内装材１０８は断面直線状や断面円弧状などの断面形状（図１８には、直線状の断面の両端にそれぞれ短円弧状の断面が連続した断面形状を有する内装材を示している）を呈している。ピラー１０６は、上記外装材１０７の断面の端部と上記内装材１０８の断面の端部とが互いに当接した状態で、上記外装材１０７と上記内装材１０８とが連結されることにより、筒状（中空構造）を成している。 18 includes the exterior material (exterior body) 107 made of a conductor and the vehicle interior material 108 made of a synthetic resin. While the exterior material 107 has an arc shape in cross section, the interior material 108 has a cross section shape such as a straight cross section or a cross section arc shape (in FIG. 18, a short arc cross section is continuous at both ends of the straight cross section. It shows an interior material having a cross-sectional shape). The pillar 106 is formed by connecting the exterior material 107 and the interior material 108 in a state where the end of the cross section of the exterior material 107 and the end of the cross section of the interior material 108 are in contact with each other. (Hollow structure).
　このようなピラー１０６における上記内装材１０８の空洞側表面１０８ａに沿って、図１５に示す前述した設置態様で上記各アンテナ１００を設置し得る。なお。図１８に示す構成の場合、アンテナ１００と上記外装材１０７との最短の離間距離Ｌが２ｍｍ以上設けられればよい。 The antennas 100 can be installed in the installation manner shown in FIG. 15 along the cavity-side surface 108a of the interior material 108 in the pillar 106. Note that. In the case of the configuration shown in FIG. 18, the shortest separation distance L between the antenna 100 and the exterior material 107 may be 2 mm or more.
　そして、例えば図１９の（ａ），（ｂ）に示すように、上記アンテナ１００を上記内装材１０８の空洞側表面１０８ａに貼付けることにより設置し得る。なお、図１９の（ａ）は、上記アンテナ１００を上記内装材１０８の空洞側表面１０８ａに貼付ける直前の状態を示す図、図１９の（ｂ）は、上記アンテナ１００を上記内装材１０８の空洞側表面１０８ａに貼付けた状態を示す図である。 Then, for example, as shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B, the antenna 100 can be installed by sticking to the cavity side surface 108 a of the interior material 108. 19A shows a state immediately before the antenna 100 is attached to the cavity-side surface 108a of the interior material 108, and FIG. 19B shows the antenna 100 of the interior material 108. It is a figure which shows the state affixed on the cavity side surface 108a.
　図１９の（ｂ）に示すように、アンテナ１００は可撓性を備えているので、空洞側表面１０８ａの内面形状に沿った形状としながら、容易に貼付けることができる。 As shown in FIG. 19B, since the antenna 100 has flexibility, it can be easily pasted while keeping the shape along the inner surface shape of the cavity-side surface 108a.
　また、アンテナ１００を保持するシート状の基材として、例えば２（ｍｍ）以上の厚みを持つ柔軟性の高い粘着テープなどを用いると、空洞側表面１０８ａの貼着箇所に、リブのような隆起物が存在していても、空洞側表面１０８ａの内面形状およびリブの形状に沿わせて、アンテナ１００を貼着することができる。 In addition, when a highly flexible adhesive tape having a thickness of 2 (mm) or more is used as a sheet-like base material for holding the antenna 100, a rib-like bulge is formed at the sticking portion of the cavity side surface 108a. Even if an object is present, the antenna 100 can be attached along the shape of the inner surface of the cavity-side surface 108a and the shape of the rib.
　（アンテナの配設例３）
　上記各アンテナ１００は、上記ピラー１０６の他、例えば図１６の矢印Ｑ１で示されるセンターコンソールにおけるエアコンの空気吹出し口の背面側にも設置し得る。図２０は、上記エアコンの空気吹出し口の背面側において延設された導風口部１２０及びその周辺の構成を示す図である。上記導風口部１２０が合成樹脂などの絶縁体で形成されている場合、図２０に示すように、上記各アンテナ１００は、上記導風口部１２０の外周面１２０ａ（図２０では上面）に貼付けることで設置可能である。 (Antenna arrangement example 3)
Each of the antennas 100 can be installed on the back side of the air outlet of the air conditioner in the center console indicated by the arrow Q1 in FIG. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the configuration of the air guide port portion 120 extended on the back side of the air outlet of the air conditioner and the surroundings thereof. When the air guide portion 120 is formed of an insulator such as a synthetic resin, the antennas 100 are attached to the outer peripheral surface 120a (the upper surface in FIG. 20) of the air guide portion 120 as shown in FIG. Can be installed.
　なお、図２０の矢印Ｑ２は、カーナビゲーションの筐体（ボックス）を示しており、図２０は、アンテナ１００に接続される上記給電線１０９を上記カーナビゲーションの筐体上板を貫通してカーナビゲーション内部に導入した状態を示している。 Note that an arrow Q2 in FIG. 20 indicates a car navigation housing (box), and FIG. 20 shows the car feed through the upper plate of the car navigation housing through the feeder 109 connected to the antenna 100. It shows the state introduced in the navigation.
　（アンテナのその他の配設例）
　上記各アンテナ１００は、上記ピラー１０６の内部や上記導風口部１２０の上記外周面１２０ａだけでなく、図１６に示すように、例えば、矢印Ｑ３で示すルーフトリム、矢印Ｑ４で示すドアトリム、矢印Ｑ５で示すサンバイザー、矢印Ｑ６で示すダッシュボード、矢印Ｑ７で示すコンソールボックス、矢印Ｑ８で示すハンドルも上記アンテナ１００の設置対象部位となり得る。なお、上記アンテナ１００をルーフトリムに設置する際には、窓ガラスに近い４隅が送受信感度を良好にする上で好ましい。さらに、図示していないが、トノカバー、シートベルト、シート、ウェザートリムも上記アンテナ１００の設置対象部位となり得る。 (Other antenna arrangement examples)
Each of the antennas 100 includes not only the inside of the pillar 106 and the outer peripheral surface 120a of the air guide port 120, but also, for example, a roof trim indicated by an arrow Q3, a door trim indicated by an arrow Q4, and an arrow Q5 as shown in FIG. The sun visor indicated by the arrow, the dashboard indicated by the arrow Q6, the console box indicated by the arrow Q7, and the handle indicated by the arrow Q8 can also be the installation target parts of the antenna 100. In addition, when installing the said antenna 100 in a roof trim, four corners near a window glass are preferable when making transmission / reception sensitivity favorable. Further, although not shown, a tonneau cover, a seat belt, a seat, and a weather trim can also be installation target parts of the antenna 100.
　上記アンテナ１００の設置面は、平面でもよいし曲面でもよい。ただし、上記設置面が曲面の場合には、３ｍｍ以上、より好ましくは５ｍｍ以上の曲率半径を有する曲面であれば、アンテナは良好な特性を維持することができる。 The installation surface of the antenna 100 may be a flat surface or a curved surface. However, when the installation surface is a curved surface, the antenna can maintain good characteristics if the curved surface has a curvature radius of 3 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more.
　また、上記アンテナ１００は、ドアミラーを構成する合成樹脂材の内側表面にも設置し得る。 Also, the antenna 100 can be installed on the inner surface of the synthetic resin material constituting the door mirror.
　また、アンテナ１００を内装材の表面形状に沿って取り付ける形態の他、絶縁材料からなる内装材に埋設して一体化して固定することも可能である。アンテナ１００を内装材に埋設して一体化する方法としては、例えば、内装材を製造する際に、上記アンテナ１００を含めて合成樹脂などの絶縁物をモールド成型する方法が一例として考えられる。なお、この場合は、その成型物が車両の製造時に取り付けられる。 Further, in addition to a mode in which the antenna 100 is attached along the surface shape of the interior material, it is also possible to embed the antenna 100 in an interior material made of an insulating material and to fix it integrally. As a method for embedding and integrating the antenna 100 in the interior material, for example, a method of molding an insulator such as a synthetic resin including the antenna 100 when the interior material is manufactured is considered as an example. In this case, the molded product is attached when the vehicle is manufactured.
　上記記載の中では特に言及しなかったが、アンテナ３の放射素子２１５は、通常、図２２に示すように、チューナー部４（送受信回路）に給電線２２２を介して接続されるが、アンテナ３とチューナー部４とを一体的に内装材に取り付けるとよい。さらに、上記アンテナ３とチューナー部４とを内装材の同一表面に併設して、両者を接続するのがより好ましい。このように構成することで、アンテナ３とチューナー部４とを接続する導電路を短くすることができるので、導電路による損失を抑制することができ、導電路を細く形成することも可能になる。また、上記アンテナ３と上記チューナー部４とをそれぞれ異なる面上に配置する構成に比して、アンテナ３を薄型化することができるため、高い設置自由度が得られる。また、チューナー部をアンテナに隣接させられるのでアンテナ３とチューナー部４間の伝送路のインピーダンスを考慮する必要がないという効果を奏する。 Although not particularly mentioned in the above description, the radiating element 215 of the antenna 3 is normally connected to the tuner unit 4 (transmission / reception circuit) via the feeder line 222 as shown in FIG. And the tuner unit 4 are preferably attached to the interior material. Further, it is more preferable that the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4 are provided on the same surface of the interior material and connected to each other. With this configuration, since the conductive path connecting the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4 can be shortened, loss due to the conductive path can be suppressed, and the conductive path can be formed thin. . Further, the antenna 3 can be made thinner as compared with the configuration in which the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4 are arranged on different surfaces, so that a high degree of installation freedom can be obtained. Further, since the tuner unit can be adjacent to the antenna, there is an effect that it is not necessary to consider the impedance of the transmission path between the antenna 3 and the tuner unit 4.
　〔まとめ〕
　本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造は、以上のように、導電性経路が二次元的に形成された平板状の放射素子と、上記放射素子に接続される給電線とから構成されるアンテナの上記平板状の放射素子を、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定するアンテナの取付構造であって、上記平板状の放射素子は、導電性経路の一端から所定の長さ部分の第１の根本部と、上記導電性経路の他端から所定の長さ部分の第２の根本部と、上記第１の根本部と第２の根本部とを中継する中間部とを有し、上記第１及び第２の根本部の先端領域には給電線に接続される給電部が形成され、上記中間部には折り返しパターンを有するメアンダ形状の導電性経路が形成されていること、を特徴としている。 [Summary]
As described above, the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention is the above-described antenna composed of a flat radiating element in which a conductive path is two-dimensionally formed and a feeder line connected to the radiating element. An antenna mounting structure in which a flat radiating element is embedded and integrated in an interior material for a moving body made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material, and the flat radiating element is A first root portion having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path; a second root portion having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path; and the first root portion and the second root portion. An intermediate portion that relays to the root portion of the first power supply portion, a power supply portion connected to a power supply line is formed at the tip region of the first and second root portions, and a meander having a folded pattern at the intermediate portion. A conductive path having a shape is formed.
　本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記メアンダ形状を有する導電性経路を有しているので、アンテナを導体に近接させて配置することができる（例えば、アンテナと導体面との間の距離を２ｍｍ程度まで近づけることができる）。したがって、導体面が近傍に存在する比較的狭い空間でも上記アンテナを配設することが可能となり、該アンテナの配設場所の自由度が従来に比して格段に向上する。 In the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention, since the conductive path having the meander shape is provided, the antenna can be disposed close to the conductor (for example, the distance between the antenna and the conductor surface is set). It can be as close as 2mm). Accordingly, the antenna can be disposed even in a relatively narrow space where the conductor surface is present in the vicinity, and the degree of freedom of the location where the antenna is disposed is significantly improved as compared with the conventional case.
　例えば、特許文献１には、樹脂製内装材とボディとの間に銅線を束ねたワイヤーハーネスが張り巡らされている箇所を避けてアンテナを配置せねばならないという制約がある。これに対して、本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造においては、このような制約がない。また、本発明に係るアンテナの取付構造は、アンテナの上記平板状の放射素子を、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定するので、このアンテナが配置される狭い空間を占有してしまうことがない。 For example, Patent Document 1 has a restriction that an antenna must be arranged avoiding a place where a wire harness in which a copper wire is bundled is stretched between a resin interior material and a body. On the other hand, the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention does not have such a restriction. In the antenna mounting structure according to the present invention, the flat radiating element of the antenna is integrated by being embedded in a moving body interior material made of an insulating material, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material. Therefore, it does not occupy a narrow space where this antenna is arranged.
　また、上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記平板状の放射素子は、メアンダ形状の導電性経路を短絡させるための短絡部が設けられていることが好ましい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, the flat plate-like radiating element is preferably provided with a short-circuit portion for short-circuiting the meander-shaped conductive path.
　これにより、長さの異なる導電性経路の数が増える結果、アンテナの共振点を増加させることができるので、アンテナの使用可能な周波数帯域をより拡大することができる。 As a result, the number of conductive paths having different lengths can be increased. As a result, the resonance point of the antenna can be increased, so that the usable frequency band of the antenna can be further expanded.
　この場合、メアンダ形状の導電性経路上において短絡箇所を発生させるための１つまたは複数の短絡部を配置する際に、アンテナの共振点が増加するように、あるいはアンテナの共振点を増加させるとともに、使用帯域内におけるＶＳＷＲ値を低下させるように、短絡部を配置する位置及び箇所を決定することができる。 In this case, when arranging one or a plurality of short-circuit portions for generating a short-circuit portion on the meander-shaped conductive path, the resonance point of the antenna is increased or the resonance point of the antenna is increased. The position and location where the short-circuit portion is arranged can be determined so as to reduce the VSWR value in the use band.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記平板状の放射素子において、上記第１及び第２の根本部は、上記給電部を取り囲む巻込部を形成し、さらに上記第１及び第２の根本部の少なくとも一方に、上記給電部に接続される給電線と重畳する位置における導電性経路の幅が他の位置より広い幅広部が形成されていてもよい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, in the flat plate-shaped radiating element, the first and second root portions form a winding portion that surrounds the feeding portion, and further, the first and second portions. A wide portion where the width of the conductive path at a position overlapping with the power supply line connected to the power supply section is wider than other positions may be formed on at least one of the root portions of the power supply section.
　この構成によれば、給電部における放射素子と給電線とのインピーダンス整合を実現し、そうすることにより、放射素子のＶＳＷＲ値を低下させる、すなわち、ＶＳＷＲ特性を向上させることができる。 According to this configuration, impedance matching between the radiating element and the feeder line in the power feeding unit is realized, and by doing so, the VSWR value of the radiating element can be reduced, that is, the VSWR characteristic can be improved.
　このため、放射素子の高い放射利得を実現させながら、そのＶＳＷＲ特性を向上させることができるので、放射素子の使用可能な周波数帯域をさらに拡大することができる。 For this reason, since the VSWR characteristic can be improved while realizing a high radiation gain of the radiating element, the usable frequency band of the radiating element can be further expanded.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記平板状の放射素子は、一端から他端まで連続した一本の線路であるのが好ましい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, the flat plate-like radiating element is preferably a single line that is continuous from one end to the other end.
　この構成によれば、ループ形状を有するループアンテナの取付構造と同様、高い放射利得を実現することができる。 According to this configuration, a high radiation gain can be realized in the same manner as the loop antenna mounting structure having a loop shape.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記放射素子は、上記移動体の外装材と上記内装材との間に配置されているとともに、導体材料からなる上記外装材の表面から離間して配置されているとよい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, the radiating element is disposed between the exterior material of the mobile body and the interior material, and is separated from the surface of the exterior material made of a conductor material. It is good to be arranged.
　この構成によれば、上記外装材が導体で構成されている場合であっても、その外装材の表面から離間してアンテナが配置されるので、導体の影響を受けてアンテナの特性が劣化することを回避しやすくなる。 According to this configuration, even when the exterior material is composed of a conductor, the antenna is disposed away from the surface of the exterior material, so that the antenna characteristics deteriorate due to the influence of the conductor. It will be easier to avoid that.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記移動体の外装材に対する上記平板状の放射素子の離間距離は、少なくとも２ｍｍであることが好ましい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, it is preferable that the separation distance of the flat plate-shaped radiation element with respect to the exterior material of the moving body is at least 2 mm.
　この構成によれば、アンテナを導体付近に搭載する場合でも、ＶＳＷＲ値を３．５以下に抑えた使用可能な周波数帯域を発現させることができる。 According to this configuration, even when the antenna is mounted near the conductor, a usable frequency band in which the VSWR value is suppressed to 3.5 or less can be expressed.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造は、可撓性をもつ平板状の放射素子を、上記内装材の表面に沿わせて固定してもよい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, a flat plate-shaped radiating element having flexibility may be fixed along the surface of the interior material.
　この構成によれば、可撓性をもつ平板状の放射素子を、上記内装材の表面に沿わせて固定するので、アンテナを簡単に設置することができる。また、移動体用内装材は樹脂のような誘電体で形成されることが一般的なので、移動体用内装材の表面は、導体の影響を受けにくい場所であり、アンテナの設置場所としても好適である。 According to this configuration, the flat plate-shaped radiating element having flexibility is fixed along the surface of the interior material, so that the antenna can be easily installed. Further, since the interior material for a moving body is generally formed of a dielectric material such as a resin, the surface of the interior material for the moving body is a place that is not easily affected by a conductor, and is also suitable as a place for installing an antenna. It is.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記平板状の放射素子が、上記内装材の表面形状に沿って曲率半径５ｍｍ以上で湾曲して取り付けられていてもよい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, the flat radiating element may be mounted with a curvature radius of 5 mm or more along the surface shape of the interior material.
　この構成によれば、曲率半径が５ｍｍ以上の曲面に沿って取り付けることで、良好な特性を維持することができる。 According to this configuration, good characteristics can be maintained by attaching along a curved surface having a radius of curvature of 5 mm or more.
　上記各実施形態に係るアンテナの取付構造では、上記平板状の放射素子と同一面上に、上記給電線を介して放射素子に接続される送受信回路を設け、上記送受信回路を上記放射素子と一体的に上記内装材に取り付けていてもよい。 In the antenna mounting structure according to each of the above embodiments, a transmission / reception circuit connected to the radiation element via the feeder is provided on the same plane as the plate-shaped radiation element, and the transmission / reception circuit is integrated with the radiation element. Alternatively, it may be attached to the interior material.
　この構成によれば、アンテナと送受信回路とを接続する導電路を短くすることができるので、導電路による損失を抑制することができ、導電路を細く形成することも可能になる。また、上記アンテナと上記送受信回路とを同一面上に配したので、上記アンテナと上記送受信回路とをそれぞれ異なる面上に配する構成に比して、アンテナの取付構造を薄型化することができるため、高い設置自由度が得られる。 According to this configuration, since the conductive path connecting the antenna and the transmission / reception circuit can be shortened, loss due to the conductive path can be suppressed, and the conductive path can be formed thin. In addition, since the antenna and the transmission / reception circuit are arranged on the same plane, the antenna mounting structure can be made thinner as compared with a configuration in which the antenna and the transmission / reception circuit are arranged on different planes. Therefore, a high degree of installation freedom can be obtained.
　本発明は上述した各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope shown in the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining technical means disclosed in different embodiments. Is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.
　本発明は、例えば、ＶＨＦ放送帯域とＵＨＦ地上デジタル放送帯域の両帯域で送受信可能な、自動車などの移動体に搭載される放送波受信用のアンテナに適用できる。 The present invention can be applied to, for example, an antenna for receiving a broadcast wave mounted on a mobile body such as an automobile that can transmit and receive in both the VHF broadcast band and the UHF digital terrestrial broadcast band.
３，１００（２０１，２０１ａ，３０１，４０１，５０１，５０２，５０３，５０４）　アンテナ
２２５，２２５ａ　第１の根本部
２２６，２２６ａ　第２の根本部
２１３，２３１ｂ，２１４，２１４ｂ　幅広部
２２２，２２２ａ，３２２　給電部
２２５ｏ２，２２５ａ２　第１の屈曲部（後端直線部）
２２６ｏ２，２２６ａ２　第２の屈曲部（後端直線部）
２３１，２３１ａ，２３１ｂ，３３１，２３２ａ　短絡部材（短絡部）
１０５，１０８，１２０　内装材（移動体用内装材）
１０５ａ，１０８ａ　表面
１２０ａ　外周面（移動体用内装材の表面）
４　チューナー部（送受信回路） 3, 100 (201, 201a, 301, 401, 501, 502, 503, 504) Antennas 225, 225a First root portions 226, 226a Second root portions 213, 231b, 214, 214b Wide portions 222, 222a, 322 Power feeding part 225o2, 225a2 First bent part (rear end straight part)
226o2, 226a2 second bent portion (rear end straight portion)
231, 231a, 231b, 331, 232a Short-circuit member (short-circuit part)
105, 108, 120 Interior materials (interior materials for mobile objects)
105a, 108a Surface 120a Outer peripheral surface (surface of interior material for moving body)
4 Tuner section (transmission / reception circuit)

Claims (9)

  1. 　導電性経路が二次元的に形成された平板状の放射素子と、上記放射素子に接続される給電線とから構成されるアンテナの上記平板状の放射素子を、絶縁材料からなる移動体用内装材に埋設して一体化、若しくは上記内装材の表面形状に沿って固定するアンテナの取付構造であって、
    　上記平板状の放射素子は、
    　導電性経路の一端から所定の長さ部分の第１の根本部と、上記導電性経路の他端から所定の長さ部分の第２の根本部と、上記第１の根本部と第２の根本部とを中継する中間部とを有し、上記第１及び第２の根本部の先端領域には給電線に接続される給電部が形成され、上記中間部には折り返しパターンを有するメアンダ形状の導電性経路が形成されていることを特徴とするアンテナの取付構造。     An interior for a moving body made of an insulating material comprising the flat radiating element of an antenna composed of a flat radiating element in which a conductive path is formed two-dimensionally and a feeder line connected to the radiating element. It is an antenna mounting structure that is embedded in the material and integrated, or fixed along the surface shape of the interior material,
    The flat radiation element is
    A first root portion having a predetermined length from one end of the conductive path, a second root portion having a predetermined length from the other end of the conductive path, the first root portion, and the second root portion A meander shape having an intermediate portion that relays to the root portion, a feed portion connected to a feed line is formed in the tip region of the first and second root portions, and a folding pattern is formed in the intermediate portion An antenna mounting structure in which a conductive path is formed.
  2. 　上記平板状の放射素子は、メアンダ形状の導電性経路を短絡させるための短絡部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアンテナの取付構造。 2. The antenna mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the flat radiating element is provided with a short-circuit portion for short-circuiting the meander-shaped conductive path.
  3. 　上記平板状の放射素子において、
    　上記第１及び第２の根本部は、上記給電部を取り囲む巻込部を形成し、
    　さらに上記第１及び第２の根本部の少なくとも一方に、上記給電部に接続される給電線と重畳する位置における導電性経路の幅が他の位置より広い幅広部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載のアンテナの取付構造。     In the flat radiation element,
    The first and second root parts form a winding part surrounding the power feeding part,
    Further, at least one of the first and second root portions is formed with a wide portion where the width of the conductive path at the position overlapping the power supply line connected to the power supply portion is wider than the other positions. The antenna mounting structure according to claim 1 or 2.
  4. 　上記平板状の放射素子は、一端から他端まで連続した一本の線路であることを特徴とする請求項１～３の何れか１項に記載のアンテナの取付構造。 4. The antenna mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the flat radiating element is a single line continuous from one end to the other end.
  5. 　上記放射素子は、上記移動体の外装材と上記内装材との間に配置されているとともに、導体材料からなる上記外装材の表面から離間して配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１～４の何れか１項に記載のアンテナの取付構造。 The radiating element is disposed between the exterior material of the movable body and the interior material, and is disposed apart from the surface of the exterior material made of a conductive material. 5. The antenna mounting structure according to any one of 1 to 4.
  6. 　上記移動体の外装材に対する上記平板状の放射素子の離間距離は、少なくとも２ｍｍであることを特徴とする請求項１～５の何れか１項に記載のアンテナの取付構造。 The antenna mounting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a separation distance of the flat plate-shaped radiating element with respect to the exterior material of the moving body is at least 2 mm.
  7. 　可撓性をもつ平板状の放射素子を、上記内装材の表面に沿わせて固定することを特徴とする請求項１～６に何れか１項に記載のアンテナの取付構造。 The antenna mounting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a flexible plate-shaped radiating element is fixed along the surface of the interior material.
  8. 　上記平板状の放射素子が、上記内装材の表面形状に沿って曲率半径５ｍｍ以上で湾曲して取り付けられていることを特徴とする請求項１～６の何れか１項に記載のアンテナの取付構造。 The antenna mounting according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the flat radiating element is mounted with a curvature radius of 5 mm or more along the surface shape of the interior material. Construction.
  9. 　上記平板状の放射素子と同一面上に、上記給電線を介して放射素子に接続される送受信回路を設け、
    　上記送受信回路を上記放射素子と一体的に上記内装材に取り付けたことを特徴とする請求項１～８の何れか１項に記載のアンテナの取付構造。     A transmission / reception circuit connected to the radiating element via the feeder is provided on the same plane as the flat radiating element,
    The antenna mounting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the transmission / reception circuit is attached to the interior member integrally with the radiating element.
PCT/JP2011/076713 2010-11-19 2011-11-18 Antenna attachment structure WO2012067242A1 (en)

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