WO2012066624A1

WO2012066624A1 - Engine, and method for producing engine

Info

Publication number: WO2012066624A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/070323
Authority: WO
Inventors: 酒井和人; 河崎稔; 東福寺智子; 熊谷厚法
Original assignee: トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority date: 2010-11-16
Filing date: 2010-11-16
Publication date: 2012-05-24

Abstract

An engine (1A) is provided with a cylinder block (10A) in which a first water jacket (12) is disposed on the periphery of bores (11). A first groove (13) which has a predetermined depth and opens to the deck surface (D) of the cylinder block (10A) is disposed on a predetermined section on the cylinder block (10A), said section being at a location between the bores (11) and the first water jacket (12). A first highly heat conductive material (14) having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block (10A) is disposed on the first groove (13). The first highly heat conductive material (14) is formed in the first groove (13) so as to expose to the deck surface (D) by supplying a material to the first groove (13) and melting said material by means of laser beams.

Description

Engine and engine manufacturing method

The present invention relates to an engine and a method for manufacturing the engine.

The engine is generally cooled with cooling water. It is also known that the thermal load on the cylinder head increases. Patent Document 1 discloses a cooling device for a multi-cylinder engine that improves the cooling performance of the cylinder head while preventing excessive cooling of the cylinder block.

Patent Document 2 discloses a method for manufacturing a valve seat using a laser cladding method. In addition, techniques that are considered to be related to the present invention are disclosed in Patent Documents 3 to 5, for example.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-177483 JP 2002-361453 A JP 2009-144652 A JP 2002-89355 A JP 2010-71246 A

The engine is cooled to suppress the occurrence of knocking, for example. However, if the cooling is performed more than necessary, the cooling loss increases, resulting in a decrease in thermal efficiency, that is, a deterioration in fuel consumption. Therefore, when cooling the engine, it is desirable to improve the cooling performance of the portion where the necessity for cooling is high, thereby improving the cooling performance of the engine and at the same time suppressing the increase in cooling loss.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an engine and an engine manufacturing method capable of improving the cooling performance in a manner capable of suppressing an increase in cooling loss.

The present invention includes a cylinder block provided with a first cooling medium passage for circulating a cooling medium around a bore, and the cylinder block has an outer side than the bore and the first cooling medium path. A predetermined groove on the inside is provided with a first groove having an opening on the deck surface of the cylinder block and having a predetermined depth, and the first groove has higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block. A first high heat conductive material is provided, material is supplied to the first groove portion, and melted with a laser beam, thereby exposing the first high heat conductive material to the first groove portion on the deck surface. This is the engine that is provided.

Further, it is preferable that the present invention further includes a gasket provided adjacent to the deck surface and having a high thermal conductivity portion having a higher thermal conductivity than other portions in a portion facing the first groove portion.

The present invention further includes a cylinder head having an opposing surface that faces the deck surface, and a second groove portion that opens to the opposing surface is provided in a portion of the cylinder head that faces the first groove portion. It is preferable that the second groove portion is provided with a second high thermal conductivity material having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder head.

Further, the present invention preferably has a configuration in which a second cooling medium passage for circulating the cooling medium is further provided in a portion of the cylinder head adjacent to the second high heat conductive material.

According to the present invention, the predetermined portion is an exhaust side portion of the cylinder block, and the cylinder block is a portion outside the bore and inside the first cooling medium passage. Further, a third groove portion opened in the deck surface of the cylinder block is provided in the intake side portion, and a low thermal conductive material having a lower thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block is provided in the third groove portion. A configuration is preferred.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the first cooling medium passage is open to the deck surface of the cylinder block.

Further, the present invention provides a predetermined portion outside the bore and inside the first cooling medium passage among the cylinder blocks provided with the first cooling medium passage for circulating the cooling medium around the bore. A first groove portion having a predetermined depth is provided in the deck surface of the cylinder block.
By supplying a material to the first groove and melting with a laser beam, the first high thermal conductive material having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block is exposed on the deck surface. It is a manufacturing method of the engine provided in the 1st slot.

According to the present invention, the cooling performance can be enhanced in a manner that can suppress an increase in cooling loss.

FIG. 2 is a top view of a main part of the engine according to the first embodiment. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an engine according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of the engine according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the formation method of a 1st high heat conductive material. It is a figure which shows the heat transfer rate and surface area ratio of a combustion chamber according to a crank angle. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a main part of an engine according to a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a main part of an engine according to a third embodiment. It is an enlarged view of the principal part of the engine of Example 4. FIG. FIG. 10 is a top view of a main part of an engine according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a main part of an engine according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a top view of a main part of an engine according to a sixth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an engine of Example 6.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a top view of the main part of the engine 1A. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the engine 1A. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part of the engine 1A. FIG. 1 is a top view of the cylinder block 10A and shows a main part of the engine 1A. FIG. 2 shows a main part of the engine 1A in the AA section shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part B shown in FIG. 2 and shows a main part of the engine 1A.

The engine 1A includes a cylinder block 10A and a cylinder head 20A. The cylinder block 10A and the cylinder head 20A form a combustion chamber together with a piston (not shown). A gasket can be provided between the cylinder block 10A and the cylinder head 20A. In this respect, since an appropriate gasket may be used in the engine 1A, the gasket is not illustrated.

The cylinder block 10 A is provided with a bore 11, a first water jacket (hereinafter referred to as W / J) 12, a first groove 13, and a first high thermal conductive material 14. A plurality of (in this case, four) bores 11 are provided in series. The first W / J 12 is provided in the periphery of the bore 11. Specifically, it is provided so as to surround the entire plurality of bores 11 provided in series. The first W / J 12 is open to the deck surface D of the cylinder block 10A. 1st W / J12 distribute | circulates the cooling water which is a cooling medium. The first W / J 12 corresponds to the first cooling medium passage.

The first groove 13 is provided in a predetermined portion of the cylinder block 10A on the outer side of the bore 11 and on the inner side of the first W / J 12. The predetermined portion is a portion along the entire circumference of the bore 11. The first groove 13 is open to the deck surface D. The first groove 13 is provided with a predetermined depth from the deck surface D. The predetermined depth can be set in correspondence with the range of the bore 11 wall where the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber is hit. In this case, the predetermined depth can be set to about 30 mm, for example.

Each of the first groove portions 13 may communicate with each other to form one first groove portion. The predetermined portion may be, for example, a portion along a part of the outer periphery of the bore 11. The predetermined part may be composed of a plurality of parts.

The first high thermal conductive material 14 is provided in the first groove 13. The first high thermal conductive material 14 is provided by supplying a material to the first groove 13 and melting it with a laser beam. The first high thermal conductive material 14 is provided so as to be exposed on the deck surface D. Further, the first groove portion 13 is provided so as to be filled. The thermal conductivity of the first high thermal conductive material 14 is higher than the thermal conductivity of the base material of the cylinder block 10A.

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a method of forming the first high thermal conductive material 14. The laser clad apparatus 50 includes a laser beam supply source 51, a condensing laser 52, a feeder 53, an oscillator 54, and a shield gas nozzle 55.

The laser beam supply source 51 generates a laser beam. The laser beam is, for example, a fiber laser or a CO ₂ laser. The condensing lens 52 condenses the laser beam. The feeder 53 supplies material to the first groove portion 13. The oscillator 54 oscillates the laser beam projected from the laser beam supply source 51 via the condenser lens 52 at a high period and irradiates the material supplied by the feeder 53. The shield gas nozzle 55 supplies a shield gas that shields the material from outside air. The shield gas is, for example, argon gas.

The laser cladding apparatus 50 provides the first high thermal conductive material 14 by melting and cladding (cladding) the material supplied to the first groove 13 with a laser beam. As the material, a metal powder having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block 10A is applied. Thereby, the heat conductivity of the 1st high heat conductive material 14 can be made higher than the heat conductivity of the base material of 10 A of cylinder blocks. The base material of the cylinder block 10A is, for example, aluminum die cast, and the material is, for example, copper powder. The material may be a powder of an alloy such as a copper alloy or a mixture of metal powders obtained by mixing a plurality of types of metal powders.

In providing the first high thermal conductive material 14 in the first groove 13, the cylinder block 10A is moved as appropriate. Thereby, the supply position of the material and the irradiation position of the laser beam can be changed. The first high thermal conductive material 14 may be provided using a coaxial nozzle capable of supplying a material and irradiating a laser beam, for example. In this case, the material supply position and the laser beam irradiation position can be changed by appropriately moving the coaxial nozzle.

Next, the function and effect of the engine 1A will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the heat transfer coefficient and surface area ratio of the combustion chamber according to the crank angle. FIG. 5 shows that the heat transfer coefficient increases near the top dead center of the compression stroke. And it turns out that the surface area ratio of cylinder head 20A and a piston becomes large in the compression stroke top dead center vicinity. Therefore, it can be seen that the cooling loss has a large influence of the temperature of the cylinder head 20A. On the other hand, knocking depends on the compression end temperature. In the intake compression stroke that affects the compression end temperature, it can be seen that the surface area ratio of the wall portion of the bore 11 is large. Therefore, it can be seen that the influence of the temperature of the wall of the bore 11 is large for knocking.

On the other hand, in the engine 1A, the first high thermal conductive material 14 is cooled in the first W / J 12 from the upper portion of the bore 11 wall portion that is affected by combustion and becomes particularly hot. Promotes heat transfer to water. The heat transfer can be promoted in this way without particularly increasing the heat transfer from the cylinder head 20A to the cylinder block 10A.

For this reason, the engine 1A can improve the cooling performance of the cylinder block 10A while suppressing the cooling performance of the cylinder head 20A that tends to increase the cooling loss. And thereby, it is possible to improve the cooling performance while suppressing an increase in cooling loss. As a result, specifically, improvement in fuel consumption and improvement in knocking can be achieved at the same time.

Further, in the engine 1A, when the first high thermal conductive material 14 is provided in the first groove 13, the material is supplied to the first groove 13 and melted by the laser beam. Therefore, the engine 1A can improve the close contact between the first groove 13 and the first high thermal conductive material 14. As a result, heat transfer from the upper part of the wall of the bore 11 can be preferably promoted. Moreover, the heat transfer from the upper part of the bore 11 wall part can be suitably accelerated | stimulated by providing so that the 1st groove part 13 may be filled with the 1st high heat conductive material 14. FIG.

Further, in the engine 1A, the first high heat conductive material 14 is provided in the first groove portion 13 so as to be exposed on the deck surface D. For this reason, the engine 1A further promotes heat transfer more appropriately by promoting heat transfer from the upper portion of the wall of the bore 11 through the portion exposed to the deck surface D of the first high heat conductive material 14. You can also

In the engine 1A, the first W / J 12 is provided so as to open to the deck surface D. For this reason, the engine 1A can cool the 1st high heat conductive material 14 suitably. As a result, heat transfer from the upper part of the wall of the bore 11 can be more suitably promoted.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a main part of the engine 1B. The engine 1B is substantially the same as the engine 1A except that the engine 1B further includes a gasket 30 described below. The gasket 30 is provided between the cylinder block 10A and the cylinder head 20A. In this state, it is provided adjacent to the deck surface D.

The gasket 30 has a high thermal conductivity portion 30a having a higher thermal conductivity than other portions at a portion facing the first groove portion 13. The high heat conduction portion 30a is exposed on the surfaces of the cylinder block 10A and the cylinder head 20A. For example, copper or a copper alloy can be applied to the high heat conductive portion 30a.

Next, the function and effect of the engine 1B will be described. Here, the portion of the cylinder head 20 A that faces the wall portion of the bore 11 tends to be basically lower in temperature than the upper portion of the wall portion of the bore 11. In contrast, the engine 1B can promote heat transfer from the upper portion of the wall of the bore 11 to the cylinder head 20A via the high heat conduction portion 30a. As a result, the cooling performance of the cylinder block 10A can be further enhanced while suppressing the occurrence of cooling loss. As a result, it is possible to improve the cooling performance while suppressing the increase in cooling loss more suitably as compared with the engine 1A.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a main part of the engine 1C. The engine 1C is substantially the same as the engine 1B except that it includes a cylinder head 20B instead of the cylinder head 20A. The cylinder head 20B is substantially the same as the cylinder head 20A, except that the second groove 21 and the second high thermal conductive material 22 are further provided. Similar changes can be made to the engine 1A, for example.

The second groove portion 21 is provided in a portion of the cylinder head 20B that faces the first groove portion 13. The second groove portion 21 opens on the facing surface that faces the deck surface D. The second high thermal conductive material 22 is provided in the second groove portion 21. The thermal conductivity of the second high thermal conductive material 22 is higher than the thermal conductivity of the base material of the cylinder head 20B.

The second high thermal conductive material 22 is provided by supplying a material to the second groove portion 21 and melting it with a laser beam. The second high thermal conductive material 22 can be provided using, for example, a laser cladding apparatus 50. At this time, by applying a metal powder having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder head 20B to the material, the thermal conductivity of the second high thermal conductivity material 22 is made higher than the thermal conductivity of the base material of the cylinder head 20B. Can also be high. The base material of the cylinder head 20B is, for example, aluminum die cast, and the material is, for example, copper powder, alloy powder, or a mixture of a plurality of metal powders.

Next, the function and effect of the engine 1C will be described. The engine 1C can promote heat transfer from the received second high heat conductive material 22 to a portion of the cylinder head 20B where the temperature is lower than that of the second high heat conductive material 22. As a result, the heat drawn from the second high thermal conductive material 22 can be improved to further promote the heat transfer from the upper portion of the wall of the bore 11 to the cylinder head 20B. As a result, it is possible to improve the cooling performance while suppressing the increase in cooling loss more suitably as compared with the engine 1B.

Further, in providing the second high thermal conductive material 22 in the second groove portion 21, the engine 1C supplies a material to the second groove portion 21 and is melted by a laser beam. For this reason, the engine 1 C can improve the close contact between the second groove portion 21 and the second high thermal conductive material 22. As a result, heat transfer from the upper part of the wall of the bore 11 can be preferably promoted. Moreover, the heat transfer from the upper part of the bore 11 wall part can be suitably accelerated | stimulated by providing so that the 2nd high heat conductive material 22 may be filled in the 2nd groove part 21. FIG.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a main part of the engine 1D. The engine 1D is substantially the same as the engine 1C except that the cylinder head 20C is provided instead of the cylinder head 20B. The cylinder head 20C is substantially the same as the cylinder head 20B except that the cylinder head 20C further includes a second W / J 23.

2nd W / J23 circulates cooling water. The second W / J 23 is provided in a portion adjacent to the second high thermal conductive material 22 in the cylinder head 20C. Therefore, the cooling water flowing through the second W / J 23 comes into contact with the second high heat conductive material 22.

Next, the function and effect of the engine 1D will be described. The engine 1D can improve the heat extraction from the second high heat conductive material 22 by the cooling water flowing through the second W / J 23. As a result, heat transfer from the upper portion of the wall of the bore 11 to the cylinder head 20C can be further promoted. As a result, it is possible to improve the cooling performance while suppressing the increase in cooling loss more suitably as compared with the engine 1C.

FIG. 9 is a top view of the main part of the engine 1E. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the engine 1E. FIG. 10 shows the engine 1E in the BB cross section shown in FIG. The engine 1E is substantially the same as the engine 1A except that a cylinder block 10B is provided instead of the cylinder block 10A. Similar changes can be made to the

engines

1B, 1C, and 1D, for example. The cylinder block 10B is substantially the same as the cylinder block 10A except that the first groove 13 'is provided instead of the first groove 13 and that the third groove 15 and the low heat conductive material 16 are further provided. Are identical.

The first groove 13 'is provided in a predetermined portion outside the bore 11 and inside the first W / J 12 with the exhaust side portion of the cylinder block 10B as a predetermined portion. Except for this point, the first groove 13 ′ is substantially the same as the first groove 13.

The third groove portion 15 is a portion of the cylinder block 10B that is located outside the bore 11 and inside the W / J 12, and is further provided in a portion on the intake side. The third groove portion 15 opens in the deck surface D of the cylinder block 10B. The low heat conductive material 16 is provided in the third groove portion 15. The thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductive material 16 is lower than the thermal conductivity of the base material of the cylinder block 10B.

The first groove 13 ′ and the first high thermal conductive material 14 may be provided at least in the exhaust side of the cylinder block 10B. Moreover, the 3rd groove part 15 and the low heat conductive material 16 should just be provided in the part by the side of an intake side at least among cylinder blocks 10B. Further, the first groove portion 13 ′ and the third groove portion 15 may communicate with each other. In this case, the portion where the first high thermal conductive material 14 is provided can be regarded as the first groove 13 '. Further, the portion where the low thermal conductive material 16 is provided can be regarded as the third groove portion 15.

The low thermal conductive material 16 is provided by supplying a material to the third groove 15 and melting it with a laser beam. The low thermal conductive material 16 can be provided using, for example, a laser cladding apparatus 50. At this time, by applying a metal powder having a lower thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block 10B to the material, the thermal conductivity of the low heat conductive material 16 is made lower than the thermal conductivity of the base material of the cylinder block 10B. be able to. The base material of the cylinder bolock 10B is, for example, aluminum die cast, and the material is, for example, an alloy powder having a lower thermal conductivity than aluminum die cast. The material may be another metal powder or a mixture of a plurality of metal powders.

Next, the function and effect of the engine 1E will be described. Here, in the upper part of the wall portion of the bore 11, the exhaust side portion is a portion where the intake air flowing into the cylinder hits. Moreover, the part between the adjacent bores 11 among the upper part of the wall part of the bore 11 becomes a part which is especially easy to become high temperature under the influence of combustion. On the other hand, in the engine 1E, by providing the first high heat conductive material 14 to the exhaust side portion of the cylinder block 10B, it is possible to suitably cool the portions where the necessity for cooling is high. Further, the occurrence of knocking can be suppressed by the cooling effect of the intake air.

On the other hand, the engine 1E can suppress heat transfer in the intake side portion of the upper portion of the wall of the bore 11 by providing the low heat conductive material 16 in the intake side portion of the cylinder block 10B. As a result, the cooling loss can be reduced. Therefore, the engine 1E promotes heat transfer in a portion where the necessity for cooling is high, while suppressing heat transfer in a portion where the necessity for cooling is relatively low, thereby further increasing the cooling loss as compared with the engine 1A. Can be suppressed.

FIG. 11 is a top view of the main part of the engine 1F. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the engine 1F. FIG. 12 shows the engine 1F in the CC cross section shown in FIG. The engine 1F is substantially the same as the engine 1A except that a cylinder block 10C is provided instead of the cylinder block 10A. The cylinder block 10 C is substantially the same as the engine 1 A except that a cylinder liner 35 is further provided and a first groove 13 ″ is provided instead of the first groove 13. Similar changes can be made to the

engines

1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E, for example.

The cylinder liner 35 is provided in the cylinder block 10C. The cylinder liner 35 forms a bore 11. The material of the cylinder liner 35 is, for example, carbon steel. The cylinder liner 35 is cast into the cylinder block 10C. The cylinder liner 35 may be provided in the cylinder block 10C by press-fitting, for example.

The first groove portion 13 ″ is provided in a predetermined portion outside the bore 11 and inside the first W / J 12 with the exhaust side portion of the cylinder block 10C as a predetermined portion. . The first groove portion 13 ″ is provided so as to include a contact surface between the cylinder block 10C and the cylinder liner 35. In addition, the bore 11 is provided with a predetermined depth from the deck surface D, with a depth corresponding to a range where the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber hits the wall 11 being a predetermined depth. Except for these points, the first groove 13 ″ is substantially the same as the first groove 13.

Next, the function and effect of the engine 1F will be described. Here, the cylinder block 10C and the cylinder liner 35 are not necessarily in close contact with each other microscopically, but are in contact with each other with a local gap. For this reason, the heat transfer from the cylinder liner 35 to the first W / J 12 is suppressed by the amount of the heat insulating action due to the gap.

On the other hand, the engine 1F supplies the material to the first groove portion 13 ″ and melts it with a laser beam, so that the first high thermal conductive material 14 provided in the first groove portion 13 ″ becomes a cylinder liner. 35 and the cylinder block 10A. For this reason, according to the engine 1F, even when the cylinder liner 35 is provided, it is possible to improve the cooling performance while suitably suppressing an increase in cooling loss.

Further, in the engine 1F, the predetermined depth of the first groove portion 13 '' is set in correspondence with the range of the bore 11 wall portion where the intake air flowing into the combustion chamber hits. For this reason, the engine 1F can also suitably suppress the temperature rise of the intake air. As a result, the occurrence of knocking can be more suitably suppressed.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention described in the claims. It can be changed.

Engine

1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F

Cylinder block

10A, 10B, 10C
Bore 11
1st W / J 12
1st groove part 13, 13 ', 13''
First high thermal conductivity material 14
Third groove 15
Low thermal conductivity material 16

Cylinder head

20A, 20B, 20C
Second groove 21
Second high thermal conductivity material 22
Second W / J 23
Gasket 30
High heat conduction part 31
Cylinder liner 35
Laser cladding equipment 50

Claims

A cylinder block provided with a first cooling medium passage for circulating the cooling medium around the bore;
In the cylinder block, a first groove having a predetermined depth and opening in a deck surface of the cylinder block is formed in a predetermined portion outside the bore and inside the first cooling medium passage. And providing a first high thermal conductive material having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block in the first groove,
An engine provided with a material supplied to the first groove portion and melted with a laser beam so that the first high thermal conductive material is exposed on the deck surface in the first groove portion.
The engine according to claim 1,
An engine further provided with a gasket provided adjacent to the deck surface and having a high thermal conductivity portion having a higher thermal conductivity than other portions in a portion facing the first groove portion.
The engine according to claim 1 or 2,
A cylinder head having an opposing surface facing the deck surface;
A portion of the cylinder head that faces the first groove is provided with a second groove that opens to the facing surface, and the second groove has a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder head. An engine provided with a second high thermal conductivity material.
The engine according to claim 3,
The engine further provided with the 2nd cooling medium passage which distribute | circulates a cooling medium to the part adjacent to the said 2nd high heat conductive material among the said cylinder heads.
The engine according to claim 1 or 2,
The predetermined portion is an exhaust side portion of the cylinder block;
Of the cylinder block, a third groove that is open to the deck surface of the cylinder block is formed at a portion outside the bore and inside the first cooling medium passage and further on the intake side. Provided,
An engine in which a low thermal conductivity material having a lower thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block is provided in the third groove portion.
The engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
An engine in which the first cooling medium passage is open to a deck surface of the cylinder block.
Of the cylinder block provided with the first cooling medium passage for circulating the cooling medium in the peripheral portion of the bore, the cylinder is disposed at a predetermined portion outside the bore and inside the first cooling medium passage. Opening on the deck surface of the block, providing a first groove having a predetermined depth,
By supplying a material to the first groove and melting with a laser beam, the first high thermal conductive material having a higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder block is exposed on the deck surface. A method for manufacturing an engine provided in the first groove.