WO2012065881A1 - Système redresseur de courant et système convertisseur comportant un système redresseur de ce type - Google Patents

Système redresseur de courant et système convertisseur comportant un système redresseur de ce type Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012065881A1
WO2012065881A1 PCT/EP2011/069668 EP2011069668W WO2012065881A1 WO 2012065881 A1 WO2012065881 A1 WO 2012065881A1 EP 2011069668 W EP2011069668 W EP 2011069668W WO 2012065881 A1 WO2012065881 A1 WO 2012065881A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rectifier
voltage
phase
autotransformer
winding
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PCT/EP2011/069668
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arthur Korn
Peter Steimer
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Abb Technology Ag
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Publication of WO2012065881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012065881A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power supply of electric drives.
  • the invention relates to a rectifier system and an inverter system with such a rectifier system.
  • An electric drive or an electric machine usually includes a converter associated with the electrical machine which generates a variable AC voltage or alternating current from a DC voltage link or DC link with which the motor can be operated at different speeds and different torques.
  • the inverter associated with the electrical machine can be supplied with DC voltage or direct current from a rectifier system, which in turn may comprise one or more individual rectifier subsystems.
  • a rectifier subsystem for three-phase alternating current comprises a rectifier with six switches, each of which rectifies one phase of the multiphase AC voltage. For example, these two switches may be two diodes connected in series, in the middle of which one of the phases of the alternating voltage is applied.
  • a disadvantage of this circuit in particular in the range of high voltages and high currents, is that such a so-called six-pulse rectifier has strong current overloads. generates vibrations at the 5th and 7th harmonics, which disturb the power supply to which the rectifier and other consumers are connected.
  • several six-pulse rectifiers may be connected together on the DC side, in which case the input voltages of the six-pulse rectifiers should be phase-shifted with respect to each other. For example with two rectifiers by 30 ° or with three rectifiers by 20 and by 40 °.
  • Such a rectifier system with two six-pulse rectifiers is called a twelve-pulse rectifier system, a rectifier system with three six-pulse rectifiers eighteen-pulse rectifier system.
  • transformers are often used. In known rectifier systems, this is usually a transformer whose primary side consists of three delta or star-connected windings for three phases.
  • the transformer can each have windings on its secondary side, which comprise delta, star or zigzag circuits of these windings in accordance with the respectively required phase shift.
  • the mains voltage applied to the primary windings is thereby down-converted by the secondary windings to a fraction of the mains voltage, which usually corresponds to the number of six-pulse rectifiers of the rectifier system, and the six-pulse rectifiers are then returned to the range of the mains voltage. connected in series.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cost-effective, lightweight and efficient rectifier system in which it is possible to adjust a phase shift and an increase or decrease in the amplitude of the voltage of the phases of an AC or AC system connected to the rectifier system.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a converter system which is as simple as possible to supply a drive.
  • An alternating voltage system or alternating current system can be a system of several phases of alternating voltage or alternating current.
  • an AC voltage system is a plurality of AC voltages.
  • the AC voltage system can have a plurality of phases, for example three phases in the case of three-phase current.
  • the AC voltage system may be a voltage in the medium voltage range, that is to say with a voltage between 1 kV and 35 kV.
  • the rectifier system comprises at least two rectifier subsystems connected in parallel, each of the rectifier subsystems comprising an autotransformer for transforming the AC system into an intermediate AC system and a rectifier for rectifying the intermediate AC system.
  • a rectifier of the rectifier subsystem may be a passive rectifier, that is, a rectifier that is not externally driven. This can be achieved, for example, in that the switches of the rectifier are diodes.
  • the rectifier In a rectifier system that uses ordinary three-phase current, the rectifier will typically be a six-pulse rectifier.
  • autotransformers ie transformers that do not have galvanic decoupling (between one of their inputs and one of their outputs), the output voltage of the transformers can not deviate significantly from the input voltage and instead of a series connection of rectifier subsystems usual in the medium voltage range The rectifier subsystems are connected in parallel.
  • each of the autotransformers may be a separate transformer, that is, a transformer having its own core, so that almost no electromagnetic interaction with the other autotransformers can take place.
  • a common mode impedance can be added to the autotransformer, which is particularly welcome in isolated transformerless direct drive power systems to keep any common mode disturbances of the rectifier and the machine side inverter off the grid. This can be easily realized with the help of one or two additional Transformatorschen- (4- or 5 legs) in a three-phase autotransformer or run as a separate common mode choke.
  • the converter system having a rectifier system as described above and below.
  • the Geichrich- sersystem is operated with medium voltage, it may be a medium-voltage rectifier system for a separation transformerless drive, such as an electric motor represent.
  • parallel connected medium voltage rectifier subsystems are used to power the inverter.
  • the converter system also includes an inverter for converting the DC voltage from the rectifier system to an AC system for supplying the drive.
  • the rectifier system can be connected to the inverter via a DC voltage intermediate circuit.
  • the inverter is connected to the DC output of the rectifier.
  • the converter can be a conventional multipoint converter, for example a three-point or a five-point converter, in which a DC intermediate circuit capacitor is connected between the rectifier system and the converter.
  • the converter it is possible for the converter to be a so-called MMC converter, in which a converter branch comprises a chain of series-connected converter cells, each having its own capacitor.
  • At least one of the autotransformers of the rectifier system is designed to shift the phase position of the intercage voltage system, that is to say the alternating voltage system between the autotransformer and the rectifier of the corresponding rectifier subsystem, relative to one of the phase positions of the supplying AC voltage system.
  • at least one of the autotransformers can take over the task of phase rotation.
  • the rectifier system comprises N rectifier subsystems, that is, for example, 2, 3 or 4 rectifier subsystems.
  • the rectifier system comprises two rectifiers and, when using six-pulse rectifiers, may be a twelve-pulse rectifier system as a whole.
  • the autotransformers can moreover also have the task of adapting, in particular also increasing, the voltages of the intermediate AC voltage system, ie to increase the maximum amplitude of the intercurrent voltage system at the output of the autotransformer from the maximum amplitude of the AC voltage system at the input of the autotransformer.
  • At least one of the autotransformers, or all autotransformers are designed to increase a maximum amplitude of the intermediate AC voltage system with respect to the AC system.
  • one or more of the autotransformers may also be used to perform voltage amplitude adjustment, which is also called “voltage boosting” or “voltage adjustment”.
  • voltage amplitude adjustment which is also called “voltage boosting” or “voltage adjustment”.
  • an autotransformer it is also possible for an autotransformer to reduce the amplitude of the voltage of the intercurrent voltage system relative to the AC voltage system at the input of the rectifier system.
  • At least one of the autotransforma- tors has a core comprising a first leg having a first main winding, a second leg with a second main winding and a third leg with a third main winding.
  • the core of the autotransformer can be an iron core.
  • the legs can be connected to each other via a common yoke.
  • the first main winding is connected to a first phase of the AC system, the second main winding to a second phase of the AC system, and the third winding to a third phase of the AC system.
  • the main windings each of which can have the same number of turns, serve to magnetize the legs of the autotransformer and thus to magnetize the transformer itself and can be supplied with power from a utility grid.
  • the autotransformer on the second leg comprises a first auxiliary winding which is connected to the first phase of the AC voltage system.
  • first auxiliary winding In the first auxiliary winding, a first phase shift of the first phase of the AC voltage system takes place.
  • the first auxiliary winding converts a portion of the electromagnetic field generated by the second main winding back to a voltage that is in phase or in phase opposition with the second phase of the AC system but has a lower amplitude if the first auxiliary winding has fewer turns as the second main winding has.
  • This voltage for example, shifted by 60 ° with respect to the first phase of the AC voltage system is added to the first phase of the AC system by the connection of the first auxiliary winding to the first phase, which thereby experiences a first phase shift.
  • the autotransformer on the third leg comprises a second auxiliary winding which is connected to the first auxiliary winding and provides the first phase of the intermediate voltage system.
  • the resulting output voltage experiences a further phase shift analogously to the first auxiliary winding.
  • the electromagnetic field induced by the third main winding in the third leg generates in the second auxiliary winding a voltage that is in phase or phase opposition with the third phase of the AC system but may have a different voltage therefrom, corresponding to the different number of turns of the second auxiliary winding and the third Main winding.
  • the voltage generated in the second auxiliary winding is shifted, for example, by 120 ° with respect to the first phase of the AC voltage system.
  • the ratios of the first auxiliary winding to the second main winding and the second auxiliary winding to the third main winding must be selected accordingly. These ratios correspond to the ratios of the voltage in the first auxiliary winding and the second main winding and the voltage in the second auxiliary winding to the voltage in the third main winding.
  • a phase shift of 15 ° and an increase in the output voltage to 107% can be achieved by providing -20% of the second phase voltage in the first auxiliary winding and +11% of the third phase voltage in the second auxiliary winding be induced.
  • the two autotransformers can be dimensioned much smaller than a large transformer with galvanically isolated windings.
  • the transmission power per autotransformer continues to decrease, since only a smaller phase rotation must be accomplished.
  • weight, material and costs can be saved with the autotransformers compared to a single galvanically isolating transformer.
  • the efficiency of the drive system can be greatly improved.
  • the first, second and third main winding at the end, which faces the connection to the respective phase of the supply network are connected to each other in a star point in a star shape.
  • This star point may serve to ground the main windings, for example, the neutral point may be connected to earth via a grounding resistor or grounding impedance. This can be grounded in particular a separation transformerless, ie without potential separation at the feed network, connected drive system.
  • the autotransformer comprises at least one further leg.
  • This leg can not have windings, which are traversed by current.
  • the rectifier system does not have to comprise an isolating transformer, that is to say a transformer with a primary winding and a secondary winding galvanically decoupled from the primary winding, it may be possible for common-mode disturbances to pass from the rectifier into the supply network.
  • An isolation transformer with galvanic isolation is typically capable of providing a high common mode impedance that keeps common mode noise from the network, which may also originate, for example, from the drive or drive connected to it
  • an autotransformer can keep common mode disturbances of the converter away from the mains, for example, the autotransformer can have four or five legs additional legs to attach a winding which can be used when connecting a resistor to this winding for additional attenuation of high-frequency common mode interference.
  • At least one of the further limbs has an additional winding which, for example, has an ohmic load, in order in particular to damp common-mode oscillations in the system.
  • first, second and third legs which carry the windings of the Autotransform ators, be arranged parallel to each other.
  • a further leg can be arranged on one side of the arrangement parallel to the first, second and third legs, a further second leg can be arranged on the other side of the arrangement parallel to the other legs.
  • All in all Leg of the autotransformer be connected via a common yoke. In an arrangement of four or five parallel legs, this yoke may have two beams connecting the legs at one end and the legs at the other end.
  • the core of the autotransformer from the legs and the yoke is formed, which then have a fork-like structure in the arrangement just described, which is closed by another yoke.
  • the autotransformer comprises a first auxiliary winding on the first leg, a second additional winding on the second leg and a third additional winding on the third leg.
  • the first, second and third auxiliary windings can be galvanically isolated from the main winding and the auxiliary windings.
  • the auxiliary windings may serve to introduce or withdraw energy from the autotransformer.
  • the additional windings may form a three-phase connection at one end and be connected to each other at the other end in a star shape.
  • a delta-shaped arrangement of the auxiliary windings is possible.
  • the auxiliary windings are connected to the phases of a power supply, so that auxiliary energy can be introduced into the rectifier system via the auxiliary windings.
  • the power supply can be, for example, a low-voltage power supply.
  • Such an auxiliary power distribution can be used, for example, to charge capacitors in the DC link of a conventional DC link converter or the capacitors of the converter cells of a modular multi-level converter (MMC), both of which are connected to the DC output of the rectifier system before connecting the rectifier system to a medium voltage grid.
  • MMC modular multi-level converter
  • the auxiliary windings are used to supply an auxiliary power supply. From the additional windings so electrical energy can be removed from the system.
  • the auxiliary windings are connected to a harmonic filter for reducing harmonic harmonics.
  • a harmonic filter for reducing harmonic harmonics.
  • here could be a simple passive filter, the only one inductance, a Resistance and a capacity for each of the phases includes, are used.
  • more complicated passive, but also active or hybrid filters are possible.
  • harmonic filters such as passive, active or hybrid filters may be coupled to the rectifier system at other points on the rectifier system.
  • a harmonic filter is connected to the primary side or the secondary side of at least one autotransformer.
  • the primary side of the autotransformer can represent the connection of the autotransformer to the supply network.
  • the primary side can thus be the input of the autotransformer and also the input of the rectifier system. Therefore, it is possible that in a rectifier system with a plurality of parallel autotransformers only a harmonic filter on the primary side of the autotransformers is arranged.
  • the secondary side of the autotransformer can represent the connection of the autotransformer to the corresponding rectifier subsystem rectifier.
  • the harmonic filter between the autotransformer and the rectifier or after the output of the autotransformer or before the input of the rectifier can be arranged.
  • a harmonic filter is arranged between all autotransformers and rectifiers.
  • the rectifier system can therefore be combined with an example passive filter on the primary or the secondary side of one of the autotransformers or on the auxiliary windings.
  • a power supply for example for introducing auxiliary power into the rectifier system, is connected to a primary side or a secondary side of the autotransformer.
  • a power supply may also include a charging circuit for the DC intermediate circuit.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rectifier system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a rectifier for a rectifier subsystem according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG 3 shows an inverter system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an inverter system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows an autotransformer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows the circuit of an autotransformer according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining the phase shift according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a rectifier subsystem according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 9 shows a rectifier subsystem according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a rectifier system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a passive filter for a rectifier system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows a rectifier system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 13 shows a rectifier system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the reference numerals used in the figures and their meaning are listed in summary form in the list of reference numerals. Basically, identical or similar parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rectifier system 10 having a plurality of rectifier subsystems 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d.
  • the total of four rectifier subsystems 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are connected in parallel and form with their inputs the AC input 14 of the rectifier system 10, which is connected to a medium voltage network, which can provide, for example, a voltage between 1 kV and 35 kV.
  • the rectifier subsystems 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are connected to the DC output 16 of the rectifier system 10.
  • the rectifier rail system 12a includes an autotransformer 18a and a rectifier 20a connected in series with the autotransformer.
  • the rectifier subsystems 12b, 12c, 12d each comprising an autotransformer 18b, 18c, 18d and a rectifier 20b, 20c, 20d.
  • the autotransformers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d serve to phase-shift the AC voltage system U present at its input 14 and to adjust its amplitude (in particular "boosting") .
  • the rectifiers 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d receive the phase-rotated and amplitude-adapted intermediate AC voltage systems U 'a, U' b, U 'c, U' d at its input and set this equal to then supply it to the DC output 16 of the rectifier system 10th In operation is at the AC input 14, as indicated by the three lines, three-phase AC voltage system U on.
  • This AC voltage system U is not phase-shifted by the autotransformer 18a, for example, but merely transformed to an intermediate AC voltage system U ' a .
  • the interchange voltage system U ' a is then rectified by the rectifier 20a and then, together with the rectified intermediate AC systems U', U ' c , U' d from the other rectifiers 12b, 12c, 12d, the DC output 16 as DC voltage U " respectively.
  • the auto-transformer 18b the three-phase alternating voltage system receives U and transforms this to an intermediate AC voltage system U ', which, like the voltage by the same amount U' is increased a, but which with respect to the input AC voltage U and the intermediate AC voltage system U 'a, for example, 15 °
  • the intermediate AC voltage system U ' b is rectified by the rectifier 20b and supplied to the DC output 16 so as to contribute to the DC voltage U ".
  • the rectifier subsystems 12c and 12d operate analogously to the rectifier subsystem 12b.
  • the autotransformer 18c transforms the AC voltage system U to an intermediate AC voltage system U ' c , which is, for example, phase-shifted by 30 ° with respect to the AC voltage U, and the autotransformer 18d, the AC voltage system U into an intermediate AC voltage system U' d , for example, 45 ° to the AC voltage U out of phase.
  • the autotransformers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d produce only a phase shift of the alternating voltage U, but no increase or decrease in the amplitude.
  • the autotransformer 18 a can also be omitted and the input of the rectifier 20 a can be connected directly to the input 14 of the rectifier system 10.
  • Other variants with comparable functionality are conceivable.
  • the decisive factor is only that the phase shifts of the intermediate AC voltage systems according to the autotransformer U 'a, U' b, U 'and U c' d preferably the functionality of a 24-pulse rectifier allow.
  • the AC voltage system U typically comprises three phase phases or phase voltages phase-shifted by 120 °.
  • the intermediate alternating voltage systems U ' a , U', U ' c , U' d which are present between the autotransformers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d and the rectifiers 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, are, like the alternating voltage system, U three-phase AC systems whose individual phases are mutually phase-shifted by 120 °.
  • the rectifier system 10 comprises a plurality of separate autotransformers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d instead of a gate-type separating transformer. Since the auto-transformers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d carry no electrical isolation between the AC power system U and the insects pan- voltage systems U 'a, U' b, U 'c and U' d, which also applies to the rectifier 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, the rectifier system 10 has a continuous galvanic connection between its AC voltage input 14 and its DC voltage output 16. To achieve optimum function of the various rectifiers, the individual autotransformers should preferably have a sufficiently large common-mode impedance.
  • FIG. 2 shows a rectifier 20a, which may also be constructed like the rectifiers 20b, 20c and 20d and which comprises six rectifier branches 22, two of which are connected in series and between which one of the phases R ', S', T the AC voltage U'a is applied.
  • the series-connected branches 22 for one phase are in each case again connected in parallel with one another in order to form a DC voltage U "at the output of the rectifier 20a.
  • each rectifier branch 22 comprises one or more switches which, whenever a certain voltage value If the output is below the output, the output voltage whose voltage is greater than the underdriven voltage will be lower than the output, whereas in the case of a passive rectifier 20a these may be diodes, which means that it does not have to be a single diode, but either around diodes connected in parallel to allow increased current flow through the rectifier 20a and / or diodes connected in series to increase the voltage which the rectifier can handle.
  • each of the rectifiers 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d has a smaller current (compared to a rectifier system with rectifiers in series).
  • each of the rectifiers 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d must be able to process the entire voltage of the rectifier system 10. This can be achieved by connecting in series of semiconductor switches.
  • FIG. 3 shows an inverter system 24 that includes a rectifier system 10 as shown in FIG. 1, for example.
  • the converter system 24 further comprises a conventional converter 26, such as a multi-level converter, which may have, for example, three or five voltage levels, and which requires a capacitor 28 in the DC intermediate circuit as energy storage.
  • a conventional converter 26 such as a multi-level converter, which may have, for example, three or five voltage levels, and which requires a capacitor 28 in the DC intermediate circuit as energy storage.
  • the converter 26 is designed, for example, to supply a motor 30 with variable three-phase AC voltage, which it generates from the DC voltage U "from the inverter 10.
  • Other single- or multi-phase loads or networks can also be connected to the converter 26.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a converter system 24 ', which is constructed analogously to the converter system of FIG. 3, but which instead of a conventional converter 26 with DC intermediate capacitor 28 comprises a modular multi-level converter 26'.
  • a modular multi-level converter 26' by way of example only two converter branches 32 of the converter 26 'are shown for one phase.
  • the inverter 26 ' for the two further phases of the AC voltage, with which it supplies the motor 30' with power, has two further pairs of converter branches.
  • a modular multi-level converter (M MC converter) is characterized in that its converter branches have a plurality of series-connected unipolar converter cells 34, each of which has its own capacitor.
  • the DC intermediate circuit can preferably be implemented without an additional capacitor between + Udc and -Udc.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of an autotransformer 18 as it can be used in the rectifier system 10 for the autotransformers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d.
  • the autotransform ator 18 comprises three legs 36a, 36b, 36c, which consist of three parallel iron cores, which are closed at both ends by iron yokes 38a and 38b.
  • Around the first leg 36a is a first main winding 40a wound, one end of which is connected to the phase R of the AC voltage U.
  • a second main winding 40b On the second leg 36b is located in a similar manner, a second main winding 40b, whose one end is connected to the phase S of the AC voltage U.
  • On the third leg 36c is a third main winding 40c, one end of which is connected to the phase T of the AC voltage U.
  • the main windings 40a, 40b, 40c are connected in a star shape at a point E.
  • the point E can be used as a potential grounding point for a medium voltage isolation transformerless drive.
  • the three main windings 40a, 40b, 40c are used to magnetize the legs 36a, 36b and 36c.
  • first auxiliary windings 42a, 42b, 42c and second auxiliary windings 44a, 44b, 44c are arranged on the legs 36a, 36b, 36c (see FIG. 6). Of these windings, only the windings 42a and 44a are shown in FIG. 5 for the sake of clarity.
  • the first auxiliary winding 42a for the phase R is in this case on the second leg 36b and is connected to the phase R at one end and at another end to the second auxiliary winding 44a, which is located on the third leg 36c.
  • the other end of the second auxiliary winding 44c represents the phase output with the phase R 'of the intermediate alternating voltage U' corresponding to the phase R.
  • the windings 40b and 40c in the windings 42a and 44a generate voltages which lead to an increase and phase shift of the voltage R 'at the output relative to the voltage R at the input.
  • an additional winding 46 On the legs 36a is still furthermore an additional winding 46, on the leg 36b of an auxiliary winding 46b, and on the thigh 36c an additional winding 46c, which are connected at one end in a star shape with each other and at their other ends R aux, S aux and T aux provide connections to which, for example, a harmonic filter or a power supply can be connected.
  • the autotransformer 18 may include one or two further legs 48a and 48b that provide common mode impedance and with which a common mode voltage that the inverter may be able to generate from the grid that the rectifier 10 is connected, keep away.
  • the four or five legs 48a, 36a, 36b, 36c, 48b may be arranged in parallel juxtaposition and terminated by the yokes 38a, 38b at their ends.
  • the further legs 48a and 48b which have no windings, are located at the two ends of the autotransformer and the legs 36a, 36b, 36c on which windings are located are located in the interior of the autotransformer.
  • FIG. 6 shows the circuit of the coils of the autotransformer 18 from FIG. 5.
  • the horizontally arranged windings are each arranged on the same leg.
  • the autotransformer may be constructed symmetrically with respect to the phases, that is, that the windings 40a, 40b and 40c may have the same number of turns. The same applies to the windings 42a, 42b and 42c, the windings 44a, 44b and 44c and the windings 46a, 46b and 46c.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram for explaining in more detail the phase rotation of the phase R and increasing the voltage of the phase R; The same applies to the other two phases S and T.
  • FIG. 7 shows a complex plane in which the three voltages UR, U s and U T are plotted, which represent the phases of the input voltage U and which are phase-shifted relative to one another by 120 °. These voltages are applied to the inputs R, S and T of the autotransformer 18.
  • the voltage U S applied to the winding 40b generates a voltage AU S in the winding 42a.
  • the voltage U T applied to the winding 40c induces a voltage AU T in the winding 44a.
  • the induced voltages AU S and AU T are in phase with the respective input voltages U s and U T (the corresponding arrows are thus parallel in the diagram).
  • the resulting voltage U ' R at the output R' of the autotransformer is obtained by adding the three voltages U R , AU S and ⁇ ⁇ (ie by adding the three arrows in the complex plane).
  • the winding 42a must have about 20% of the turns of the winding 40b and be wound in reverse opposite this winding.
  • the winding 44a must have about 10% of the turns of the winding 44c and must be wound in the same direction as this winding.
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a rectifier subsystem 12 'as could be used for the rectifier subsystems 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d in the rectifier system 10.
  • the rectifier subsystem 12 'shown in FIG. 8 comprises an autotransformer 18, which has the auxiliary windings 46a, 46b, 46c shown in FIG. 5 and whose ends R aux , S aux , T aux with the phases of a voltage U aU x are connected.
  • an average voltage U which can range from, for example, 1 kV to 35 kV.
  • this voltage were applied to the rectifier 10 without any part of the energy stores, ie, capacitors such as the DC link capacitor 28, being charged, components of the rectifier 10 could be damaged by overcharge effects. Therefore, these energy storage are charged before the actual operation of an additional power supply.
  • this may consist in that, for example via an inverter 48, an optionally variable one
  • Auxiliary voltage U aux of 0V to about 400 V is applied to the auxiliary windings 46a, 46b and 46c.
  • the auxiliary windings 46a, 46b, 46c then induce in the other windings of the autotransformer 18 a voltage over which the capacitors, such as the capacitor 28, can then be charged.
  • the charging current can be limited and voltage dips on the auxiliary power supply can be reduced during the charging process.
  • auxiliary windings 46a, 46b, 46c can be used to charge the DC intermediate circuit prior to the operation of the rectifier 10 or the entire converter. This can on the one hand apply to the DC voltage intermediate capacitor 28, but also to the individual capacitors of the rectifier cells 34.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a rectifier subsystem 12 "as it could also be used in a rectifier 10.
  • the autotransformer 18 of the rectifier subsystem 12" again has auxiliary windings 46a, 46b, 46c which are galvanically isolated from the other windings of the autotransformer 18, such as the main windings and the auxiliary windings.
  • the main windings of the autotransformer 18 in the auxiliary windings 46a, 46b, 46c induce a three-phase voltage U aU x that can be supplied to a harmonic filter 50.
  • the auxiliary windings of the autotransformer 18 may in this case be connected to a harmonic filter which is designed to filter out harmonics in the alternating voltage.
  • Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of an inverter system 24 "with a rectifier system 10".
  • the converter system 24 can, analogous to the converter system 24 and 24 ', comprise a conventional converter 26 with a DC intermediate-circuit capacitor or else a modular multi-level converter 26", each of which can supply a motor 30 with energy.
  • Rectifier system 10 “includes two rectifier subsystems 12a and 12b each including identically constructed, for example, passive rectifiers 20a and 20b connected in parallel and connected in series with inverters 18a and 18b, respectively 18a connected to the star point E of the main windings via a grounding resistor 52 to the earth.
  • the other autotransformer 18b has auxiliary windings 46a, 46b, 46c which are connected via switches 54a, 54b and 54c to a charging resistor 56, a low-voltage converter 48 and a harmonic filter 50. If the converter system 24 'is not in operation, all the switches 54a, 54b, 54c and also the switch 54d, which disconnects the rectifier system from the medium-voltage network, are opened. In order to charge the energy storage in the converter system 24 "before the actual operation of the converter system 24, either the switch 54a can be closed until a sufficient charge of the converter system is reached. However, the charging of the converter system can also be carried out by closing the switch 54b by means of the low-voltage converter 48. Typically, only one of these variants is seen for charging.
  • the switch 54d is then closed and the rectifier 10 "is connected to the medium-voltage network for the actual operation of the converter system 24.
  • the switch 54c connecting the converter system 24" via the auxiliary windings of the autotransformer 18b to the harmonic filter 50 can also be closed then during operation harmonic harmonics, which are generated for example by the passive rectifiers 20a and 20b, filters out.
  • the harmonic filter 50 may be a passive, active or even hybrid filter.
  • a branch for a phase of a simple passive filter 50 is shown in FIG.
  • such a passive filter comprises an inductance L, a resistance R and a capacitance C, which are set in such a way that they filter out the desired harmonics from the system.
  • the passive filter has for each of the phases of such a branch, which are then connected to each other in a star shape, for example.
  • the low-voltage converter 48 can also assume this or a part of these filter functions during operation.
  • Fig. 12 shows another embodiment of an inverter system 24 "'.
  • the rectifier system 10"' shown in Fig. 12 comprises two rectifier subsystems 12a, 12b each having an autotransformer 18a, 18b and a rectifier 20a, 20b. 12 the input of the autotransformers 18a, 18b is connected to a harmonic filter 50.
  • a charging arrangement 58 Connected between the autotransformer 18b and the rectifier 20b is a charging arrangement 58.
  • the charging arrangement 58 may include a charging resistor 56 or an inverter 48, which can feed from a low voltage network of, for example, 400 V voltage into a transformer 60, which transforms the low voltage to a higher voltage, which is suitable, for example, to charge the capacitors in the converter system 26.
  • FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of an inverter system 24 "" having a rectifier system 10 "” comprising two rectifier subsystems 12a, 12b.
  • FIG. 13 shows a further possibility of how harmonic filters 50a, 50b can be connected to the rectifier system 10 "".
  • a harmonic filter 50a is connected between the autotransformer 18a and the rectifier 20a
  • another harmonic filter 50b is connected between the autotransformer 18b and the rectifier 20b.
  • harmonic filters 50a, 50b can be used, which are designed in such a way, for example by adjusting their resistance of their capacitance and their inductance, that the harmonics generated by the specific structure of the respective rectifier subsystem 12a and 12b are filtered out particularly effectively.

Abstract

Système redresseur de courant (10) comportant au moins deux systèmes redresseurs partiels (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) montés en parallèle, chaque système redresseur partiel comportant un autotransformateur (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d) pour transformer un système de tension alternative (U) en un système de tension alternative intermédiaire (U'a, U'b, U'c, U'd) et un redresseur (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) pour redresser le système de tension alternative intermédiaire. Au moins un des autotransformateurs (18a, 18b, 18c, 18d) est conçu pour décaler la position de phase d'un système de tension alternative intermédiaire par rapport à la position de phase du système de tension alternative ou pour augmenter son amplitude.
PCT/EP2011/069668 2010-11-15 2011-11-08 Système redresseur de courant et système convertisseur comportant un système redresseur de ce type WO2012065881A1 (fr)

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CN111613974A (zh) * 2020-05-19 2020-09-01 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种优化布置的交流滤波器场布置结构
CN111613974B (zh) * 2020-05-19 2024-04-26 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种优化布置的交流滤波器场布置结构

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