WO2012063587A1 - Appareil de traitement de l'eau - Google Patents

Appareil de traitement de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012063587A1
WO2012063587A1 PCT/JP2011/073314 JP2011073314W WO2012063587A1 WO 2012063587 A1 WO2012063587 A1 WO 2012063587A1 JP 2011073314 W JP2011073314 W JP 2011073314W WO 2012063587 A1 WO2012063587 A1 WO 2012063587A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
conductivity
water quality
purified water
actual
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PCT/JP2011/073314
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
利明 平井
壽一 西川
誠 小玉
俊輔 森
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パナソニック株式会社
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Publication of WO2012063587A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012063587A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/08—Specific process operations in the concentrate stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/16—Specific vents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/18—Specific valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus.
  • an object of the present invention is to obtain a water treatment apparatus capable of suppressing the generation of scale on an electrode while improving the electrolysis efficiency in an electrolytic cell.
  • a first feature of the present invention is that a water treatment device generates alkaline ionized water by introducing a reverse osmosis filtration unit using a reverse osmosis membrane and purified water filtered by the reverse osmosis filtration unit into at least a cathode chamber. It has at least one of an electrolytic cell, raw water quality detection means for detecting the quality of raw water introduced into the reverse osmosis filtration unit, and purified water quality detection means for detecting the quality of purified water that has passed through the reverse osmosis filtration unit.
  • the gist is provided with a water quality detection means and a drainage control valve that adjusts the opening degree of the concentrated water discharge port of the reverse osmosis filtration unit based on a value detected by the water quality detection means.
  • the water treatment apparatus is configured to store an operation unit that arbitrarily selects a preset water quality, a preset water quality, and a purified water quality corresponding to the water quality. Comparison between the storage means, the first comparison calculation means for comparing the purified water quality corresponding to the water quality selected by the operation section and the actual purified water quality detected by the purified water quality detection means, and the first comparison calculation means And a first control means for adjusting the opening degree of the drainage control valve based on the result.
  • the third feature of the present invention is that the water quality detection means detects the conductivity, and the first control means has the actual purified water conductivity compared by the first comparison calculation means in the first comparison.
  • the opening degree of the drainage control valve is adjusted to be large, and the actual water purification conductivity compared by the first comparison calculation means is the first comparison.
  • the gist is to adjust so that the opening degree of the drainage control valve is reduced.
  • the water treatment device detects the raw water quality set in advance, the second storage means for storing the purified water quality corresponding to the raw water quality, and the raw water quality detection means. Comparing the actual raw water quality with the stored raw water quality, and comparing the actual purified water quality detected by the purified water quality detection means with the stored purified water quality, And a second control means for adjusting the opening degree of the drainage control valve based on the comparison result of the second comparison calculation means.
  • the water quality detection means detects electrical conductivity
  • the second comparison operation means compares the detected actual raw water conductivity with the stored raw water conductivity.
  • the raw water conductivity that matches is selected from the raw water conductivity set in advance, and the purified water conductivity stored as a value corresponding to the selected raw water conductivity and the actual purified water conductivity detected by the purified water quality detection means.
  • the second control means compares the drainage when the actual purified water conductivity compared by the second comparison calculation means is greater than the purified water conductivity compared by the second comparison calculation means. If the actual purified water conductivity compared with the second comparison calculation means is smaller than the purified water conductivity compared with the second comparison calculation means, the drainage is adjusted.
  • the gist is to adjust the opening of the control valve. .
  • the water treatment device stores a raw water quality set in advance, a third storage means for storing an opening degree of the drainage control valve corresponding to the raw water quality, and the raw water
  • a third comparison operation means for comparing the actual raw water quality detected by the water quality detection means with the stored raw water quality, and the drainage control valve corresponding to the stored raw water quality to which the actual raw water quality corresponds.
  • the gist is provided with third control means for calling the opening degree from the third storage means and adjusting the actual opening degree of the drainage control valve based on the called opening degree.
  • the seventh feature of the present invention is summarized in that the third control means adjusts the actual opening degree of the drainage control valve so as to be the opening degree called by the third storage means.
  • the eighth feature of the present invention is that the water treatment apparatus stores a preset purified water quality, a fourth storage means for storing an electrolytic voltage of an electrolytic cell corresponding to the purified water quality, and the purified water quality.
  • Fourth comparison calculation means for comparing and calculating the actual purified water quality detected by the detection means and the stored purified water quality, and the stored purified water corresponding to the actual purified water quality detected by the purified water quality detection means
  • a fourth control means for applying an electrolytic voltage corresponding to the water quality to the electrode of the electrolytic cell.
  • the water quality detection means detects the conductivity
  • the fourth comparison operation means compares the detected actual raw water conductivity with the stored raw water conductivity. Select the corresponding raw water conductivity from the preset raw water conductivity, call the electrolytic voltage value stored as the value corresponding to the selected raw water conductivity, and the purified water conductivity corresponding to the called electrolytic voltage value and the above
  • the actual purified water conductivity detected by the purified water quality detection means is compared, and the fourth control means has the actual purified water conductivity compared by the fourth comparison calculation means by the fourth comparison calculation means.
  • the electrolysis voltage value is adjusted to be higher, and the actual water purification conductivity compared with the fourth comparison calculation means is compared with the water purification conductivity compared with the fourth comparison calculation means. If it is smaller than the rate, the electrolysis voltage value is low. And summarized in that to adjust so that.
  • the water treatment device is provided in the circulation path for reducing a part of the concentrated water of the reverse osmosis filtration unit to the upstream side of the reverse osmosis filtration unit, and is concentrated.
  • the gist is to provide a circulation pump for circulating water.
  • the purified water quality detection means is an electrode of the electrolytic cell.
  • the water treatment device detects that the actual purified water quality detected by the purified water quality detection means falls within a preset water quality range, the water quality of the alkaline ionized water is determined in advance.
  • the gist of the present invention is to provide a water quality notification means for notifying that the set predetermined condition is satisfied.
  • the quality of the raw water introduced into the reverse osmosis filtration unit by the water quality detection means and the quality of the purified water that has passed through the reverse osmosis filtration unit are detected, and the reverse osmosis filtration is performed based on the detected value.
  • the opening degree of the concentrated water discharge port of the section is adjusted by a drainage control valve. Therefore, it can suppress that the quantity of the ion contained in the purified water which permeate
  • water introduced into the nanofiltration filter (water filtered through the first filter, the activated carbon filter, and the second filter) is also described as raw water. That is, in the present invention, water introduced into the nanofiltration filter is defined as raw water.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the water treatment apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment has a water supply channel 3 through which raw water such as tap water is introduced from a raw water introduction port 3a connected to a raw water distribution pipe 2 such as a water pipe. Yes.
  • a raw water distribution pipe 2 such as a water pipe.
  • an on-off valve 4 a first filter 5, an activated carbon filter 6 and a second filter 7 are installed in order from the upstream side.
  • the raw water is not limited to tap water, and may be well water or pool water.
  • the first filter 5 has a function of removing suspended particles in the raw water.
  • the activated carbon filter 6 has functions of removing dissolved substances in raw water, such as odorous substances and humic substances, and removing residual chlorine.
  • the second filter 7 has a function of removing fine suspended fine particles not captured by the first filter 5 and removing fine activated carbon particles leaked from the activated carbon filter 6 installed on the upstream side. That is, the hole diameter of the second filter 7 is smaller than the hole diameter of the first filter 5.
  • first and second filters 5 and 7 a wind type or a sintered type in which fibers such as cotton are wound around a water collecting pipe may be used, or a fiber type in which thin fibers are laminated is used. May be.
  • the activated carbon filter 6 a type in which granular activated carbon is housed in a case or a sintered type may be used, or a fibrous carbon type may be used.
  • a raw water supply valve 8 On the downstream side of the second filter 7, a raw water supply valve 8, a booster pump 9, and a raw water flow sensor 10 are installed in this order. And if the operation panel 23 mentioned later is operated and water supply (alkaline ion water) is selected and the water treatment apparatus 1 is operated, the raw water supply valve 8 will open and raw water will be supplied to the water supply path 3.
  • the raw water introduced into the water supply channel 3 from the raw water inlet 3a is filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7.
  • the raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7 passes through the raw water supply valve 8 and reaches the booster pump 9.
  • the raw water supply valve 8 may be installed at any position in the middle of the water supply channel 3, but is preferably installed downstream of the second filter 7. This is because foreign substances can be prevented from entering the raw water supply valve 8.
  • the terminal of the water supply channel 3 is connected to a nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11 using a reverse osmosis membrane such as an RO membrane or an NF membrane.
  • a reverse osmosis membrane such as an RO membrane or an NF membrane.
  • an NF membrane having a lower ion removal rate than the RO membrane as the reverse osmosis membrane.
  • This nanofiltration filter 11 is applied with reverse osmosis pressure by a booster pump 9, and a part of the water sent to the nanofiltration filter 11 is allowed to pass through the reverse osmosis membrane to generate purified water.
  • the remaining water, salts, and impurities are discharged from the concentrated water drainage (concentrated water outlet) 12 as concentrated water.
  • the concentrated water drainage channel 12 is branched into a first drainage channel 12a provided with a throttle valve 18 in the middle and a second drainage channel 12b provided with a drainage control valve 20.
  • drain control valve 20 is not fully closed even at the time of the minimum opening degree, it can be set as the structure where the concentrated water drainage channel 12 is not branched.
  • a water purification conductivity sensor (purified water quality detection means: water quality detection means having at least one of raw water quality detection means and purified water quality detection means) 14 a purified water flow sensor 15 and purified water supply water in order from the upstream side.
  • a valve 16 is installed, and an electrolytic cell 17 is installed at the end of the water purification channel 13 on the downstream side.
  • the electrolytic cell 17 is internally partitioned by a diaphragm 17a, one being a cathode chamber 17c having a cathode 17b and the other being an anode chamber 17e having an anode 17d.
  • the terminal of the water purification path 13 is branched, and one branch path is communicated with the inlet of the cathode chamber 17c, and the other branch path is communicated with the inlet of the anode chamber 17e.
  • the purified water introduced into the cathode chamber 17c and the anode chamber 17e of the electrolytic cell 17 is electrolyzed by applying a voltage between the cathode 17b and the anode 17d, and alkali ion water is generated in the cathode chamber 17c.
  • acidic water hypoochlorous water
  • an alkali ion water channel 17f communicates with the outlet of the cathode chamber 17c
  • an acidic water channel 17g communicates with the outlet of the anode chamber 17e.
  • generated in the cathode chamber 17c passes along the alkali ion water channel 17f, and is discharged outside from the alkali ion water discharge port 22a of the faucet part 22.
  • the acidic water (hypochlorous water) generated in the anode chamber 17e passes through the acidic water passage 17g and is discharged to the outside from the acidic water discharge port 22b of the faucet part 22.
  • the faucet part 22 is provided with an operation panel (operation part) 23 for inputting driving / stopping of the water treatment apparatus 1 and discharging / stopping of alkaline ionized water.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 is provided with a control unit 24, and the raw water supply valve 8, the booster pump 9, the purified water supply valve 16, and the drainage control valve 20 are supplied from the control unit 24. It is controlled by a signal (power). Further, detection signals from the raw water flow rate sensor 10, the purified water conductivity sensor 14 and the purified water flow rate sensor 15, and an operation signal from the operation panel 22 are sent to the control unit 24. Further, the electrolytic cell 17 is also driven by a command signal from the control unit 24, and a controlled voltage is applied to the cathode 17b and the anode 17d of the electrolytic cell 17.
  • the purified water conductivity sensor (purified water quality detection means) 14 detects the conductivity of the purified water that has passed through the nanofiltration filter 11, thereby detecting the purified water quality (actual purified water quality (p)). I am doing so.
  • the value detected by the water purification conductivity sensor 14 is sent to the control unit 24.
  • the control part 24 transmits an opening degree signal to the drainage control valve 20 based on the actual purified water quality (p) sent so that the opening degree of the concentrated water drainage channel 12 of the nanofiltration filter 11 is controlled. ing.
  • one value is arbitrarily selected from preset water quality values (for example, the pH of treated water to be discharged). 8.0, 8.3, 8.5, etc.), and a water quality value that can be selected on the operation panel 23 is incorporated in the control unit 24.
  • the purified water quality corresponding to the stored water quality value (p0: conductivity of purified water necessary to generate treated water having a pH of 8.5 by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell 17) is also supplied to the control unit 24. It is stored in the built-in first storage means M1.
  • control unit 24 includes a first comparison calculation means CP1 for comparing the stored purified water quality (p0) and the actual purified water quality (p) corresponding to the selected water quality value, and a first comparison calculation means.
  • 1st control means CT1 which adjusts the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 based on the comparison result of CP1 is incorporated.
  • the purified water that has passed through the nanofiltration filter 11 is electrolyzed. It is supplied to the tank 17 and the supplied purified water is electrolyzed in the electrolytic tank 17 to generate alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the purified water conductivity sensor 14 detects the actual purified water conductivity P (actual purified water quality (p)) that has passed through the nanofiltration filter 11, and the data signal is sent to the control unit 24.
  • the calculated water conductivity P0 purified water quality (p0)
  • the calculated water conductivity P0 purified water quality (p0)
  • the detected actual purified water conductivity P Compare by CP1.
  • the comparison result is P> P0, that is, when the actual purified water conductivity P compared by the first comparison calculation means CP1 is larger than the purified water conductivity P0 compared by the first comparison calculation means CP1
  • the nanofiltration filter 17 has the characteristic that, when the ratio of the purified water flow rate / raw water flow rate decreases, the ion removal rate increases and the purified water conductivity decreases. Therefore, when the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is increased, the actual water purification conductivity P decreases, and the actual water purification conductivity P can be brought close to the preset value of the water purification conductivity P0.
  • the comparison result by the comparison calculation means CP1 is P ⁇ P0, that is, the actual water purification conductivity P compared by the first comparison calculation means CP1 is greater than the water purification conductivity P0 compared by the first comparison calculation means CP1. If it is smaller, the amount of concentrated water in the nanofiltration filter 17 is reduced and the pressure on the reverse osmosis membrane is increased to increase the amount of purified water by narrowing the opening of the drainage control valve 20. Thus, if the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is reduced, the actual water purification conductivity P increases due to the characteristics of the nanofiltration filter 17, and the actual water purification conductivity P is brought closer to the preset value of the water purification conductivity P0. Will be able to.
  • the drainage control valve 20 is controlled to maintain the opening degree.
  • purified water having a substantially constant conductivity is introduced into the electrolytic cell 17, and a predetermined current flows due to the voltage applied between the cathode 17b and the anode 17d.
  • alkaline ionized water having a desired pH (selected water quality value) is stably generated in the cathode chamber 17c.
  • this alkaline ionized water is discharged from the alkaline ionized water discharge port 22a of the faucet part 22.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 in the operation state selects the discharge stop of the alkaline ionized water on the operation panel 23
  • the raw water supply valve 8 and the purified water supply valve 16 are closed and boosted by a signal from the control unit 24.
  • the pump 9 is stopped.
  • the drainage control valve 20 maintains the fully open state for a predetermined time, returns the pressure applied to the reverse osmosis membrane to normal pressure, and then closes the valve.
  • the electrolytic cell 17 is passed in a reverse electrolysis state for a predetermined time at the start of water flow, and the water purification path 13 downstream from the electrodrying 17 is brought into acidic water. It is preferable to sterilize and wash with the existing hypochlorous acid.
  • the nanofiltration filter 11 causes the water purification conductivity sensor 14 to detect when high conductivity water enters the water purification path 13 due to breakage of the reverse osmosis membrane or the like, and the control unit 24 closes the water purification water supply valve 16. It is preferable to stop the energization of the electrolytic cell 17 while controlling the valve.
  • the electrodes 17b and 17d of the electrolytic cell 17 are energized after the purified water conductivity sensor 14 detects a predetermined conductivity by adjusting the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20.
  • the control unit 24 determines that the water quality is abnormal. And you may make it provide the alerting
  • a reverse osmosis membrane having a high ion removal rate is used for the nanofiltration filter 11, and the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11 is used by the purified water conductivity sensor (purified water quality detection means) 14.
  • the water quality of the purified water that has passed through is detected, and the opening degree of the concentrated water drainage channel (concentrated water discharge port) 12 of the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11 is adjusted by the drainage control valve 20 based on the detected value. I have to.
  • the amount of ions contained in the purified water that permeates the reverse osmosis membrane can be suppressed from being excessively increased or decreased while effectively removing organic substances and colloidal particles. That is, an appropriate amount of ions can be included in the purified water that passes through the reverse osmosis membrane.
  • the electrolyzed water containing the appropriate amount of ions can be electrolyzed in the electrolytic cell 17. .
  • it is possible to improve the electrolysis efficiency in the electrolyzer 17 and to easily obtain electrolyzed water having a predetermined water quality.
  • it can also suppress that the amount of permeation
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 which can suppress that a scale generate
  • the operation panel (operation unit) 23 can arbitrarily select a preset water quality, and the water quality selectable on the operation panel 23 is incorporated in the control unit 24. Is stored in the storage means M1.
  • the purified water conductivity P0 (purified water quality (p0)) corresponding to the stored water quality is also stored in the first storage means M1 incorporated in the control unit 24.
  • the control unit 24 is provided with the first comparison calculation means CP1 and the first control means CT1, and calls the stored purified water conductivity P0 (purified water quality (p)) corresponding to the selected water quality value.
  • the comparison calculation means CP1 compares the purified water conductivity P0 (purified water quality (p)) and the detected actual purified water conductivity P (actual water quality (p)). Specifically, when the actual water purification conductivity P is greater than the water purification conductivity P0, the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is increased by the first control means CT1, and the actual water purification conductivity P is equal to the water purification conductivity P0. If smaller, the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is reduced by the first control means CT1.
  • the stored water purification conductivity P0 corresponding to the water quality value selected by the actual water purification conductivity P is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 using the characteristics of the reverse osmosis membrane. It is controlled to approach.
  • the actual purified water conductivity P can be controlled to be a substantially constant value, and the alkali ion water and the acidic water having a substantially constant pH can be generated more stably.
  • the amount (concentration) of the dissolved ions in the purified water can be set to an optimum amount (concentration) for obtaining the selected water quality, and while improving the electrolysis efficiency in the electrolytic cell 17, the electrode (particularly, It becomes possible to obtain the water treatment apparatus 1 capable of suppressing the occurrence of scale on the cathode 17b).
  • the electrolysis voltage value E0 with respect to the purified water conductivity P0 is stored in advance
  • the control means 24 calls the purified water conductivity P0
  • the electrolyzed voltage value E0 is simultaneously called and actually applied to the electrodes 17b and 17d.
  • the actual electrolytic voltage value E is set to the called electrolytic voltage value E0. In this way, it is possible to generate alkaline ionized water having a more accurate pH.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> A As shown in FIG. 2, the water treatment apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> A according to the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1A of the present embodiment also supplies the raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7 to the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11, and reverse osmosis.
  • the purified water that has passed through the membrane is supplied to the electrolytic cell 17 and electrolyzed to obtain alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1A of the present embodiment is mainly different from the water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment in that the nanofiltration is performed between the raw water flow rate sensor 10 and the nanofiltration filter 11 in the water supply channel 3.
  • a raw water conductivity sensor raw water quality detection means: water quality detection means having at least one of raw water quality detection means and purified water quality detection means) 25 for detecting the quality of the raw water introduced into the filter 11 is provided, and the raw water conductivity is provided.
  • the quality of the purified water is controlled based on the actual raw water quality (t) detected by the sensor 25.
  • control unit 24 of the present embodiment stores the raw water quality (t0) set in advance and the second storage unit M2 that stores the purified water quality (p0) corresponding to the set raw water quality (t0). And comparison between the actual raw water quality (t) and the raw water quality (t0), and the comparison operation means CP2 for comparing the actual purified water quality (p) with the previously stored purified water quality (p0), Second control means CT2 for adjusting the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 based on the comparison result of the second comparison calculation means CP2 is provided.
  • a plurality of raw water conductivity T0 (raw water quality (t0)) set in advance is stored, and purified water conductivity P0 (purified water quality (p0)) corresponding to each raw water conductivity T0 is determined, and these Is stored in the second storage means M2 in the control unit 24.
  • purified water conductivity P0 purified water quality (p0)
  • the purified water conductivity P0 that can be generated by the nanofiltration filter 11 can be predicted in advance through experiments or the like. Alkaline ion water is the most efficient of the predicted purified water conductivity P0. Is preferably stored for each raw water conductivity T0.
  • an optimum electrolytic voltage value E0 may be stored for obtaining the pH of the target alkaline ionized water with respect to the stored purified water conductivity P0.
  • the raw water conductivity sensor 25 detects the raw water conductivity (actual raw water conductivity T) immediately before being filtered by the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7 and introduced into the nanofiltration filter 11. .
  • the second comparison calculation means CP2 compares the detected actual raw water conductivity T with the previously stored raw water conductivity T0, and matches the raw water conductivity that coincides among the preset raw water conductivity T0. While selecting T0, the purified water conductivity P0 memorize
  • the second control means CT2 receives the calculation result of the second comparison calculation means CP2, and when P> P0 (the actual purified water conductivity P compared by the second comparison calculation means CP2 is the second comparison calculation means) In the case of greater than the purified water conductivity P0 compared in CP2, the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is increased. As a result, the amount of concentrated water discharged from the nanofiltration filter 11 increases, the flow rate of purified water decreases, the pressure applied to the reverse osmosis membrane decreases, and the ion removal rate increases as described in the first embodiment. The conductivity of purified water decreases.
  • the drainage control valve Reduce the opening by 20.
  • the drainage is similarly performed.
  • the control valve 20 is controlled so as to maintain the opening degree.
  • the actual purified water conductivity P becomes the stored purified water conductivity P0, and the purified water having the desired conductivity passes through the electrolytic cell 17 in which a predetermined voltage is applied between the electrodes 17b and 17d.
  • alkaline ionized water having a predetermined pH is generated, and this alkaline ionized water is discharged from the alkaline ionized water discharge port 22 a of the faucet part 22.
  • natural water conductivity sensor 25 which detects the quality of the raw
  • the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is adjusted by means CT2.
  • the raw water conductivity sensor 25 detects the raw water conductivity (actual raw water conductivity T) immediately before being introduced into the nanofiltration filter 11.
  • the second comparison operation means CP2 compares the detected actual raw water conductivity T with the previously stored raw water conductivity T0, selects the matching raw water conductivity T0, and sets the corresponding value as the corresponding value.
  • the stored purified water conductivity P0 is called, and the called purified water conductivity P0 and the actual purified water conductivity P detected by the purified water conductivity sensor 14 are compared.
  • the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is adjusted based on the comparison result between the called water purification conductivity P0 and the actual water purification conductivity P detected by the water purification conductivity sensor 14.
  • the amount of concentrated water discharged from the nanofiltration filter 11 is adjusted according to the selected water quality, and the amount (concentration) of dissolved ions in the purified water is set to an optimum amount (concentration) for obtaining the selected water quality. Can do.
  • the electrolysis voltage value E0 with respect to the purified water conductivity P0 is stored in advance
  • the control means 24 calls the purified water conductivity P0
  • the electrolyzed voltage value E0 is simultaneously called and actually applied to the electrodes 17b and 17d.
  • the actual electrolytic voltage value E is set to the called electrolytic voltage value E0. In this way, it is possible to generate alkaline ionized water having a more accurate pH.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> B according to the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1B of the present embodiment also supplies the raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7 to the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11, thereby performing reverse osmosis.
  • the purified water that has passed through the membrane is supplied to the electrolytic cell 17 and electrolyzed to obtain alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1B of the present embodiment is mainly different from the water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment described above in that the control unit 24 stores and sets the raw water quality (t0) set in advance.
  • the third storage means M3 for storing the opening degree A0 of the drainage control valve 20 corresponding to the raw water quality (t0), and a third storage means for comparing the actual raw water quality (t) with the previously stored raw water quality (t0).
  • the opening degree A0 of the drainage control valve 20 corresponding to the comparison raw means CP3 and the stored raw water quality (t0) corresponding to the actual raw water quality (t) is called from the third storage means CP3 and based on the opening A0.
  • the third control means CT3 for adjusting the actual opening A of the drainage control valve 20 is provided.
  • the opening A0 of the drainage control valve 20 corresponding to a plurality of raw water conductivity T0 (raw water quality (t0)) set in advance is determined, and the third degree in the control unit 24 is set. This is stored in the storage means M3. At this time, it is preferable to set a plurality of raw water conductivity T0 having a predetermined range in the range of the raw water conductivity T0 in a region where it is assumed to be actually used. With respect to each raw water conductivity T0, the opening A0 of the drainage control valve 20 for achieving the desired water purification conductivity P0 by the nanofiltration filter 11 can be predicted in advance by experiments or the like.
  • the opening degree Ab of the drainage control valve 20 that realizes the optimum water purification conductivity Pb is stored for each stored raw water conductivity T0. Furthermore, an optimum electrolysis voltage value E0 may be stored in order to obtain the pH of the target alkaline ionized water.
  • the control part 24 opens the raw water feed valve 8 and drives the booster pump 9 to drive both electrodes 17 b of the electrolytic cell 17, A predetermined voltage value is applied between 17d.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1B operates, and the raw water conductivity sensor 25 is filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7, and the raw water just before being introduced into the nanofiltration filter 11.
  • the conductivity (actual raw water conductivity T) is detected.
  • the third comparison calculation means CP3 compares the detected actual raw water conductivity T with the previously stored raw water conductivity T0, selects the raw water conductivity T0 corresponding to the actual raw water conductivity T, and selects the selected raw water Call the opening degree A0 of the drainage control valve 20 corresponding to the conductivity T0. Then, by the third control means CT3, the opening degree A of the drainage control valve 20 of the nanofiltration filter 11 becomes the opening degree (opening degree called by the third storage means CP3) A0 of the called drainage control valve 20. So as to send a signal.
  • the purified water conductivity P0 stored in the quality of the purified water that has passed through the nanofiltration filter 11 is obtained, and when the purified water passes through the electrolytic cell 17 to which a predetermined voltage is applied between the electrodes 17b and 17d. Then, alkaline ionized water having a predetermined pH is generated and discharged from the alkaline ionized water discharge port 22 a of the faucet part 22.
  • the purified water conductivity sensor 14 does not need to be provided. Moreover, you may make it use the water purification conductivity sensor 14 in order to determine the replacement
  • the predicted purified water conductivity P0 is stored in the third storage means so as to have a predetermined range, and the purified water conductivity
  • the actual water purification conductivity P detected by the rate sensor 14 does not fall within the range of the stored water purification conductivity P0, it is used by providing a notification means or the like indicating that the reverse osmosis membrane needs to be replaced or washed. You may make it notify a person.
  • the control unit 24 is provided with the third storage means M3, the third comparison calculation means CP3, and the third control means CT3. Therefore, the opening degree A of the drainage control valve 20 can be adjusted based on the actual raw water conductivity T detected by the raw water conductivity sensor 25 so that the water quality of the purified water becomes the predicted purified water conductivity P0. . That is, only by detecting the actual raw water conductivity T by the raw water conductivity sensor 25, the optimum opening degree A of the drainage control valve 20 is adjusted so that the organic matter and ions in the electrolyzed water have an optimum concentration. It becomes possible. Therefore, it is possible to control the purified water introduced into the electrolytic cell 17 so as to have an optimum purified water quality in a shorter time and with higher accuracy, and to obtain electrolytic water having a predetermined water quality more accurately. Become.
  • the electrolytic voltage value E0 for the purified water conductivity P0 is stored in advance, when the control means 24 calls the purified water conductivity P0, the electrolytic voltage value E0 is called at the same time.
  • the actual electrolytic voltage value E applied to the electrodes 17b and 17d is set to the called electrolytic voltage value E0. In this way, it is possible to generate alkaline ionized water having a more accurate pH.
  • this embodiment can be applied to the water treatment apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> C As shown in FIG. 4, basically has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> C of the present embodiment also supplies raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6, and the second filter 7 to the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11, and reverse osmosis.
  • the purified water that has passed through the membrane is supplied to the electrolytic cell 17 and electrolyzed to obtain alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the main difference between the water treatment apparatus 1C of the present embodiment and the water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment is that a part of the concentrated water of the nanofiltration filter 11 is circulated.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1C of the present embodiment is provided in the circulation path 26 for reducing a part of the concentrated water of the nanofiltration filter 11 to the upstream side of the nanofiltration filter 11 and circulates the concentrated water.
  • a circulating pump 27 to be provided.
  • the circulation path 26 includes a branch section (or upstream side of the branch section) of the first drain path 12 a and the second drain path 12 b of the concentrated water drain path 12, and a water supply path 3 (the main side of the nanofiltration filter 11).
  • the raw water flow rate sensor 10 and the raw water conductivity sensor 25 are communicated with each other.
  • the circulation pump 27 is provided in the middle of the circulation path 26 and is controlled by a command signal (electric power) supplied from the control unit 24.
  • a concentrated water flow sensor (not shown) in the circulation path 26 so that the amount of concentrated water to be circulated can be fed back to the control unit 24.
  • the circulating flow rate of the concentrated water can be controlled with higher accuracy.
  • the pump load may be detected by the control unit 24 based on the drive current of the circulation pump 27, and thereby the circulating flow rate of the concentrated water may be estimated. In this way, the concentrated water flow sensor can be eliminated.
  • the basic operation of the water treatment apparatus 1C of this embodiment is the same as that of the water treatment apparatus 1A shown in the second embodiment, and the control unit 24 uses the actual raw water conductivity T detected by the raw water conductivity sensor 25.
  • the raw water conductivity T0 stored in advance is compared, the matching raw water conductivity T0 is selected, and the purified water conductivity P0 stored as a corresponding value is called, and the called purified water conductivity P0 and the purified water conductivity are called.
  • the actual purified water conductivity P detected by the rate sensor 14 is compared.
  • the circulation path 26 and the circulation pump 27 are provided.
  • the circulation pump 27 is activated to reduce the concentrated water to the upstream side of the nanofiltration filter 11. I have to.
  • the apparent flow rate on the reverse osmosis membrane surface of the nanofiltration filter 11 increases, so that the concentration of the removal component on the reverse osmosis membrane surface is low.
  • the nanofiltration filter 11 has the characteristic that the electrical conductivity of purified water falls, so that the removal component density
  • the concentration of the removed component on the reverse osmosis membrane surface decreases, the actual water purification conductivity P decreases, and the actual water purification conductivity P approaches the preset value of the water purification conductivity P0. Will be able to.
  • the control unit 24 detects that the water discharge capacity of the circulation pump 27 has reached the limit based on the current value of the circulation pump 27, the control unit 24 maintains the water discharge amount of the circulation pump 27 and the drainage control valve. 20 is opened. By doing so, since the amount of concentrated water discharged increases, the reverse osmosis pressure acting on the reverse osmosis membrane of the nanofiltration filter 11 decreases, and the amount of purified water that permeates decreases.
  • the nanofiltration filter 11 has a characteristic that, when the ratio of the purified water flow rate / raw water flow rate decreases, the ion removal rate increases and the purified water conductivity decreases.
  • the drainage control valve 20 is opened while maintaining the amount of water discharged from the circulation pump 27, the amount of purified water to be permeated decreases, so that the actual purified water conductivity P is lowered and the purified water conductivity P is set in advance. It becomes possible to approach the value of the conductivity P0.
  • the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20 is throttled. By doing so, the amount of concentrated water discharged decreases, so that the reverse osmosis pressure acting on the reverse osmosis membrane of the nanofiltration filter 11 rises and the amount of purified water that passes through increases.
  • the nanofiltration filter 11 has the characteristic that, when the ratio of the purified water flow rate / raw water flow rate increases, the ion removal rate decreases and the conductivity of the purified water increases. Accordingly, if the opening of the drainage control valve 20 is reduced, the ratio of the purified water flow rate / raw water flow rate of the nanofiltration filter 11 is increased, the actual purified water conductivity P is increased, and the actual purified water conductivity P is preset. It becomes possible to approach the value of P0.
  • control is performed so as to maintain the discharge amount of the circulation pump 27 and the opening degree of the drainage control valve 20.
  • the control unit 24 stores the circulating flow rate C0 of the concentrated water flowing through the circulation path 26 with respect to the raw water conductivity T0 in advance.
  • the concentrated water circulation path 26 and the circulation pump 27 are provided, it is possible to adjust the circulating flow rate and drainage amount of the concentrated water so that the purified water conductivity P0 stored in advance is obtained.
  • organic substances and ions in the electrolyzed water can be reduced to an optimum concentration. Therefore, for a wider range of water quality, it is possible to control the water quality to be optimal for electrolyzing water to be electrolyzed containing an appropriate amount of ions without significantly increasing the amount of concentrated water discharged. Electrolyzed water of water quality can be obtained.
  • the raw water conductivity sensor 25 detects it. According to the actual raw water conductivity T, the stored circulation flow rate C0 can be adjusted in a short time, and the target water purification conductivity P0 can be achieved more quickly.
  • the present embodiment can be applied to the water treatment apparatuses 1 and 1B of the first and third embodiments.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1D according to the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the fourth embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1D of the present embodiment also supplies the raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6, and the second filter 7 to the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11, thereby performing reverse osmosis.
  • the purified water that has passed through the membrane is supplied to the electrolytic cell 17 and electrolyzed to obtain alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the main difference between the water treatment apparatus 1D of the present embodiment and the water treatment apparatus 1C of the fourth embodiment is that the quality of purified water is detected by the electrolytic cell 17.
  • the water purification conductivity sensor 14 provided in the fourth embodiment is abolished, and the actual water purification conductivity P is obtained with the current value I applied between the cathode 17b and the anode 17d of the electrolytic cell 17. Is to be detected.
  • the actual purified water conductivity P is detected by applying a predetermined voltage value Es0 between the electrodes 17b and 17d of the electrolytic cell 17 from the start of use and detecting the current value I at that time. Like to do. And if the control part 24 detects that the detected actual water-purification electrical conductivity P became the water-purification electrical conductivity P0 memorize
  • the actual purified water conductivity P can be detected from the current value I between the electrodes 17b and 17d when a predetermined voltage value is applied to the electrolytic cell 17, an appropriate amount of ions can be obtained with a simpler configuration. It becomes possible to control the quality of the purified water for electrolyzing the water to be electrolyzed.
  • this embodiment can be applied to the water treatment apparatuses 1, 1A, 1B of the first to third embodiments.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1E according to the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1E of the present embodiment also supplies the raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7 to the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11, and performs reverse osmosis.
  • the purified water that has passed through the membrane is supplied to the electrolytic cell 17 and electrolyzed to obtain alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1E of the present embodiment is mainly different from the water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment in that the actual water purification conductivity P detected by the water purification conductivity sensor 14 is set in advance.
  • Water quality notifying means 28 for notifying that the quality of alkaline ionized water (for example, pH) satisfies a predetermined condition when it falls within the range of (conductivity capable of obtaining a desired pH). It is in having established.
  • a water quality notification means 28 such as a buzzer is provided in the faucet part 22 of the water treatment apparatus 1E.
  • the purified water conductivity P0 is stored with a predetermined range, and is detected by the purified water conductivity sensor 14 (the electrodes 17b and 17d of the electrolytic cell 17 shown in the fifth embodiment may be used).
  • the control unit 24 activates the water quality notification means 28.
  • the user of the water treatment apparatus 1E is notified that the water quality has changed to a desired water quality.
  • the water quality notification means 28 may be a visual notification such as an LED, or a notification both visually and visually, in addition to an alarm notification such as a buzzer.
  • the purified water volume Q0 from the purified water conductivity sensor 14 to the alkaline ionized water discharge port 22a is calculated
  • the integrated flow rate Q after the rate P enters the range of the purified water conductivity P0 is calculated from the flow rate detected by the purified water flow rate sensor 15, and when the integrated flow rate Q becomes equal to or greater than the purified water channel volume Q0, water quality notification More preferably, the means 28 is activated.
  • the purified water conductivity P detected by the purified water conductivity sensor 14 reaches the previously stored purified water conductivity P0, at least from the purified water conductivity sensor 14 to the alkaline ionized water discharge port 22a of the faucet portion 22.
  • the time until the amount of water equal to or greater than the internal volume is discharged, or the water amount of the integrated flow rate detected by the purified water flow sensor 15 is the internal volume from the purified water conductivity sensor 14 to the alkaline ionized water discharge port 22a.
  • the water quality notification means 28 is provided, and the predetermined condition that the purified water quality is set in advance, that is, the condition for discharging from the alkaline water outlet 22a until the original water quality selected by the user is reached. After that, it can be notified that it can be used. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the user from using the water before the target water quality is accidentally used with a simpler configuration, and the water having the target water quality can be obtained more stably.
  • the present embodiment can be applied to the water treatment apparatuses 1, 1B, 1C, and 1D of the first and third to fifth embodiments.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1F according to the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1F of the present embodiment also supplies the raw water filtered through the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6, and the second filter 7 to the nanofiltration filter (reverse osmosis filtration unit) 11, and performs reverse osmosis.
  • the purified water that has passed through the membrane is supplied to the electrolytic cell 17 and electrolyzed to obtain alkaline ionized water and acidic water.
  • the water treatment apparatus 1F of the present embodiment is mainly different from the water treatment apparatus 1A of the second embodiment in that the quality of the purified water is controlled by the electrolysis voltage value E0 of the electrolytic cell 17. It is in.
  • the control unit 24 stores the preset purified water quality P0 and stores the electrolytic voltage value E0 of the electrolytic cell 17 corresponding to each purified water quality P0.
  • the electrolysis voltage value E0 of the electrolytic cell 17 for a plurality of preset raw water conductivity T0 is determined and stored in the fourth storage means M4 in the control unit 24.
  • the water purification conductivity P0 that can be generated by the nanofiltration filter 11 can be predicted in advance by experiments or the like. Alkaline ion water having the optimum pH among the predicted water purification conductivity P0 can be obtained.
  • the electrolysis voltage value E0 that can be generated is stored for each raw water conductivity T0.
  • the control part 24 opens the raw water supply valve 8 and drives the booster pump 9 to perform electrolysis.
  • a predetermined voltage value is applied between both electrodes 17 b and 17 d of the tank 17.
  • the raw water conductivity sensor 25 detects the raw water conductivity (actual raw water conductivity T) immediately before being filtered by the first filter 5, the activated carbon filter 6 and the second filter 7 and introduced into the nanofiltration filter 11. To do.
  • the fourth comparison calculation means CP4 compares the detected actual raw water conductivity T with the previously stored raw water conductivity T0, selects a matching raw water conductivity T0, and stores it as a value corresponding thereto. Called the electrolysis voltage value E0. And the purified water conductivity P0 corresponding to the called electrolysis voltage value E0 and the actual purified water conductivity P detected by the purified water conductivity sensor 14 are compared.
  • the fourth control means CT4 receives the calculation result of the fourth comparison calculation means CP4, and when P> P0 (the actual purified water conductivity P compared by the fourth comparison calculation means CP4 is the fourth comparison calculation means) In the case of greater than the purified water conductivity P0 compared in CP4), the electrolysis voltage value E0 is set higher (adjusted so that the electrolysis voltage value E0 becomes higher). As a result, the pH of the alkaline ionized water generated in the electrolytic cell 17 increases.
  • the electrolysis voltage value E0 is adjusted according to the selected water quality, the pH control of the alkaline ionized water generated in the electrolytic cell 17 becomes possible, and the optimum pH is achieved.
  • the adjusted alkali ion water can be discharged from the alkali ion water discharge port 22a.
  • this embodiment can be applied to the water treatment apparatuses 1, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E of the first and third to sixth embodiments. If it carries out like this, it will become possible to control pH of alkaline ionized water more optimally according to the function of each embodiment.
  • the water quality detecting means is exemplified as one that detects conductivity.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and other water quality detection means such as total dissolved solids (TDS) are used. May be.
  • TDS total dissolved solids
  • electrolytic cell and other detailed specifications can be changed as appropriate.
  • the present invention it is possible to obtain a water treatment apparatus capable of suppressing the occurrence of scale on the electrode while improving the electrolysis efficiency in the electrolytic cell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un canal d'eau purifiée (13) alimenté en eau purifiée par un filtre de nanofiltration (11), on trouve successivement à partir du côté amont, un détecteur de conductivité d'eau purifiée (14) et un bain électrolytique (17). Un canal de drainage d'eau concentrée (12) du filtre de nanofiltration (11) est pourvu d'une soupape de commande de drainage (20). La qualité d'eau de l'eau purifiée après passage dans le filtre de nanofiltration (11) est détectée par le détecteur de conductivité d'eau purifiée (14), et le degré d'ouverture du canal de drainage d'eau concentrée (12) est commandé au moyen d'une valve de commande de drainage (20 en fonction des valeurs détectées de façon qu'une quantité adéquate d'ions soit contenue dans l'eau purifiée.
PCT/JP2011/073314 2010-11-10 2011-10-11 Appareil de traitement de l'eau WO2012063587A1 (fr)

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CN108467129A (zh) * 2018-06-05 2018-08-31 杭州杰富睿科技有限公司 一种优质水制备系统、系统运行方法及优质水制备方法
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CN113185011A (zh) * 2021-03-12 2021-07-30 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 原水水质调节装置
CN113979496A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-01-28 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 净水设备的控制方法、装置和净水设备

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KR102357480B1 (ko) * 2015-02-26 2022-02-04 코웨이 주식회사 수처리 장치
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CN113185011A (zh) * 2021-03-12 2021-07-30 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 原水水质调节装置
CN113979496A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-01-28 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 净水设备的控制方法、装置和净水设备

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