WO2012061905A1 - Système de douche à recirculation - Google Patents

Système de douche à recirculation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012061905A1
WO2012061905A1 PCT/AU2011/001471 AU2011001471W WO2012061905A1 WO 2012061905 A1 WO2012061905 A1 WO 2012061905A1 AU 2011001471 W AU2011001471 W AU 2011001471W WO 2012061905 A1 WO2012061905 A1 WO 2012061905A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
shower
shower system
heat
showerhead
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2011/001471
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nicholas Christy
Original Assignee
Nicholas Christy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2010905057A external-priority patent/AU2010905057A0/en
Application filed by Nicholas Christy filed Critical Nicholas Christy
Priority to CN2011800546231A priority Critical patent/CN103220951A/zh
Priority to EP11839373.5A priority patent/EP2637538A1/fr
Priority to US13/884,675 priority patent/US20140033422A1/en
Priority to BR112013011645A priority patent/BR112013011645A2/pt
Priority to AU2011326362A priority patent/AU2011326362B2/en
Publication of WO2012061905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012061905A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K3/00—Baths; Douches; Appurtenances therefor
    • A47K3/28—Showers or bathing douches
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C2001/005—Installations allowing recovery of heat from waste water for warming up fresh water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a recirculating shower system.
  • the invention relates to a recirculating shower system in which energy is transferred in the recirculation circuit by one or more heat pumps.
  • Water recirculating systems are known for many applications. For example, showers that are arranged to recirculate water within the shower and thereby use less water. Recirculating showers find application principally in portable and mobile applications such as boats and camping vans.
  • US 4,828,709 describes a recirculating shower system for use on boats and recreational vehicles.
  • the recirculating water system which operates with water from a non-mains water supply in the boat or vehicle, comprises filters, a water heater and fresh and used water storage tanks.
  • Mixer showers achieve the desired water temperature by blending water taken from both hot and cold water supplies using a valve.
  • Mixer showers require both hot and cold water supplies and so obviously require a source of hot water, e.g. a hot water tank or a combination boiler or a multipoint water heater. They therefore require more complicated plumbing than electric showers.
  • the water supply is not constant, e.g. because someone else is drawing hot water, the temperature of the shower can fluctuate.
  • mixer showers can achieve a higher flow rate than electric showers and are cheaper than electric showers.
  • Power showers are a variant of mixer showers and include a pump.
  • WO 2006/131743 addresses some of the above issues by providing a recirculating shower system wherein the water within the shower is collected in the shower tray, recirculated via a pump and cleaned by a hydrocyclone, then filtered, pasteurised in an electricity- driven heater, mixed with cold fresh mains water, and delivered back to the showerhead, whereafter the cycle is repeated.
  • the heater requires up to 9kW of power to provide a shower with a flow rate of 10 litres per minute. In developed countries this will require a dedicated power supply of 240v and 40 Amps connected directly from the fuse / breaker box to the shower. This is expensive and disruptive to install. In developing countries this can be more power than is supplied to a house via domestic supply, making the shower system not viable in those countries.
  • the water recirculation percentage achieved by the system is dependent on the ambient water temperature of the cold water supplied; the warmer the cold water input, the less water can be recycled. In very warm countries in the summer, this will mean the recirculation percentage can fall from 70% to as little as 50%.
  • the invention resides in a recirculating shower system comprising a showerhead and shower tray, a circuit configured to collect used water from the shower tray and to recirculate at least part of the used water to the showerhead for further use, the circuit including at least one heat pump to exchange heat between relatively hot water and relatively cold water.
  • recirculating shower system comprising a showerhead and shower tray, a circuit configured to collect used water from the shower tray and to recirculate at least part of the used water to the showerhead for further use, the circuit including: a hydrocyclone separator; a filter downstream of the separator; a heat exchanger downstream of the filter; at least one heat pump to exchange heat between relatively hot water and relatively cold water; a heating unit for holding the recirculating water when heated to a pasteurizing temperature; and a mixing tank for mixing relatively hot and relatively cold water upstream of the showerhead.
  • Heat pump(s) used in the system of the invention are conventional heat pumps known in the art. Heat pumps are systems that transfer heat from one location to another.
  • Heat pumps work by pumping a gas around a sealed system through two locations. In the first location the gas is allowed to expand, which cools it and draws heat from whatever is around it. In the second location the gas is compressed which produces heat, which is then radiated into that location. The heat that is taken from the first location is therefore moved to the second location. The first location decreases in temperature and the second location increases in temperature.
  • the energy required to power a heat pump is only required to compress and circulate the gas within the heat pump circuits. This makes heat pumps extremely efficient as, for each Joule of energy used to power the pump, the system will move between 3 and 6 Joules of heat from the first location to the second location.
  • the liquid used in the invention can be any liquid used in a recirculating manner where the liquid requires heating and/or cooling for use.
  • the energy recirculating system of the invention reduces energy requirements by efficiently transferring the existing energy within the system, resulting in a system which requires minimal, if any, additional heat energy to be input to the system.
  • the heat pump(s) are configured in such a way as to have the cooling circuit within both a cold water input to the system and the waste water outflow from the system and the heating circuit in the location of the electric heater of the original design.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a recirculating shower system of the invention.
  • the mains water (1) is introduced to the system via a water pipe (2) passing through a hydraulic jump (3), which prevents water passing back from the system into the mains water, and is pumped by a pump (4) through the cold water inlet (5) of a shower mixer (6).
  • the mixer adjusts the relative cold and hot flows until the mixed flow is at the required temperature for the shower. This will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the mixed water passes from the mixer to a bypass valve (7) which can direct the shower water to either: ,
  • bypass valve When the shower is turned on the bypass valve is set automatically to direct the water to the bypass circuit (8), diverting water away from the showerhead (22) so that no water is used until the preset temperature is reached and the user has pressed the start button. This prevents any wasted water during temperature setting, or if the user does not immediately use the shower after turning the shower on.
  • the shower water is collected in a shower tray (23) incorporating an inlet nozzle (24) connected to a water pipe (25) which connects to the recirculation circuit pump (27) via a water pipe (26).
  • the inlet (24) to the recirculation circuit is covered by a strainer or mesh of a similar design to that used in a spa bath.
  • the recirculation pump (27) pumps the water to a hydrocyclone (10) via a water pipe (9).
  • the purpose of the hydrocyclone is two-fold:
  • a hydrocyclone works by spinning the water; any particles that are heavier than the water are forced to the outside of the hydrocyclone where they fall to the bottom and are carried away by the underflow (11), the outlet at the bottom of the hydrocyclone.
  • the cleaner water is forced upwards through the vortex finder at the top of the hydrocyclone to the overflow (13).
  • the hydrocyclone generally sends 30% of the water to the underflow and 70% to the overflow.
  • the hydrocyclone necessitates the re-introduction of new mains cold water.
  • the introduction of the cold water allows the recirculated water to be heated, higher than the temperature required for showering, as the cold water will reduce the temperature of the hot water within the mixer. This therefore allows the recirculated water to be Overheated' to a pasteurisation temperature of 72°C which is sufficient to kill Legionella and other pathogens.
  • the heat exchanger comprises two circuits:
  • the function of the heat exchanger is to increase the temperature of the water travelling towards the heating unit, which reduces the workload of a heater which may be in the heating unit, and to reduce the temperature of the water flowing to the mixer to a temperature closer to a temperature suitable for showering.
  • the water passes through a temperature and flow regulator (17) which monitors the temperature and flow of the water to insure that the temperatures reached by the heating unit are at least enough to pasteurise the water (72°C) but below a level which would cause excessive pressure within the heating unit.
  • the heating unit includes an electric thermal resistance heater.
  • this is replaced, or supplemented, by the hot circuit of heat pump A (32) and heat pump B (31).
  • the vessel and the two hot circuits combine to create the heat transfer point (34) where the heat energy collected by heat pumps A & B at heat collection point (30) on the cold inlet circuit, and heat collection point (33) on the hydrocyclone underflow (11) are transferred to the recirculated shower water to increase the water temperature to 72°G.
  • the hot recirculated shower water passes back through the hot circuit of the heat exchanger (16) to the hot inlet (20) of the shower mixer (6) via water pipe (19).
  • the temperature sensor(s) (29) monitor the temperatures of the cold inlet (5) and the hot inlet (20) sending the information to a central processing unit (28) which adjusts the flow volumes to provide water at the required shower temperature at the showerhead (22).
  • the hydrocyclone (10) removes heavier particles from the water and splits the flow so that about 30% leaves through the underflow (11) carrying the majority of undissolved solids. This portion of the water still retains energy in the form of heat from the original shower. In general, the temperature of this water is about 40°C.
  • This water is fed into heat recovery tank A (33).
  • Heat pump A (32) transfers the residual energy in the water in heat recovery tank A (33) to the pasteurisation unit (34). Once energy has been recovered, the cooled water from heat recovery tank A (33) exits to the drains (12).
  • the clean water is then carried to the filter (14) where it becomes visually clean and chlorine is removed.
  • the water is now visually clear, but must be sterilised at 72°C for 15 seconds.
  • the water After the carbon filter (14) the water therefore enters a heat exchanger (16).
  • the heat exchanger raises the temperature of the water from about 41 °C to about 55°C. This reduces the energy input required to reach pasteurisation temperature and increases the efficiency of the shower.
  • heat pumps A and B can be replaced with a single heat pump having 2 circuits.
  • the mixer unit (6) the recirculated hot water and cold fresh mains water are mixed to provide a shower of the required temperature.
  • the fresh water also replaces the volume of water lost from the underflow (11) of the hydrocyclone (10).
  • the water After passing through the mixer unit (6), the water passes the bypass valve where it is either diverted around the shower (pause mode) or to the showerhead (22), and the energy and water cycles of the system of the invention continue as described above.
  • heat recovery tank A (33) for the hydrocyclone underflow and to heat recovery tank B (30) for the inlet cold water the cold water inlet water and the underflow water must be able to flow, but their temperature can be reduced to very close to freezing. Therefore any heat in excess of 1°C in either of these tanks can be considered as 'surplus' heat.
  • the energy content of that 'surplus' heat will depend on the ambient temperature of the water, but assuming that the shower is inside a house, the ambient water temperature should be similar to that of the house itself and will therefore be around 20°C when the shower is first activated.
  • each litre of water in the heat recovery tanks has a 'spare' 19°C of heat energy.
  • the specific heat of water is 4.2kJ/L, which means that each 5L heat recovery tank contains 399kJ of 'spare' energy. Combined, both heat recovery tanks therefore hold a total of 798 kJ of energy that could be recovered by a heat pump system.
  • the size of the pasteurisation tank has to be one quarter of the flow rate of 1 minute (15 seconds being one quarter of a minute).
  • the flow rate will be 7L/min (assuming a flow rate at the showerhead of 10 L/min and a recirculation fraction of 70%). Therefore, the pasteurisation unit (34) will need to hold at least 1.75L. For illustrative purposes, this has been increased to 2L.
  • the temperature of the water in the pasteurisation unit is also assumed to be 20°C and, in order to reach pasteurisation temperature, will need to be raised to 72°C: an increase of 52°C/L.
  • the heat pumps A (31) and B (32) In order to maintain the pasteurisation unit (34) at 72°C during operation, the heat pumps A (31) and B (32) need to be capable of transferring enough energy to the pasteurisation unit (34) to maintain its flow at 72°C.
  • the energy transfer from the heat recovery tanks A (33) and B (30) to the pasteurisation unit (34) is 436.8 kJ, to reach 72°C. This requires a transfer of 218.4 kJ from each of the heat recovery tanks. This will reduce the temperature in each tank by 10.4X.
  • the heat output from the heat pumps at maximum is 9.8 Kilowatts, or 588 kJ per minute, it takes 436.8 kJ / 588 kJ of a minute, or 45 seconds, to reach pasteurisation temperature.
  • each heat recovery tank has a temperature of 10°C when the shower is started.
  • the flow through each heat recovery tank is 3L. This assumes a 10 litre flow at the showerhead and a 70% recirculation fraction.
  • the flow through each heat recovery tank is equal, because the water flowing in from the mains must equal that sent to the sewer via the hydrocyclone underflow.
  • the heat ' energy drawn from heat recovery tank B (30) must equals the heat energy input to the tank by the fresh mains water. Assuming that the ambient water temperature is 20°C, each litre of water introduces 42 kJ to the tank (1Lx 10°C x 4.2 kJ/°C/L). As the flow through the tank is 3L/min, the input will be 126 kJ/min and this is transferred to the pasteurisation unit (34) to maintain the input temperature from heat recovery tank B (30) to the mixer unit (6) at 10°C.
  • the heat pumps transfer 588 kJ/min to the pasteurisation unit (34). If 126kJ is coming from the heat recovery tank B (30), the balance of 462 kJ / min will be drawn from heat recovery tank A (33).
  • heat pumps obviates the use of an electric element to heat the used water to pasteurisation temperature. This is highly advantageous because energy consumption needed for a shower of the invention is reduced by a further 65% compared to the recirculating showers currently available. This results in a shower that uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional shower.
  • the heat pumps allow control of the ambient water temperature which maximises the amount of water that can be recirculated, even in hotter climates. Also, the pumps allow waste heat to be scavenged from the waste water to be discarded without reintroducing that water.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Bathtubs, Showers, And Their Attachments (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de douche à recirculation comprenant une pomme de douche et un bac de douche, un circuit configuré pour collecter l'eau usée à partir du bac de douche et faire recirculer au moins une partie de l'eau usée jusqu'à la pomme de douche en vue de sa réutilisation ; le circuit comprend au moins une pompe à chaleur pour un échange de chaleur entre l'eau relativement chaude et l'eau relativement froide.
PCT/AU2011/001471 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 Système de douche à recirculation WO2012061905A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011800546231A CN103220951A (zh) 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 再循环淋浴系统
EP11839373.5A EP2637538A1 (fr) 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 Système de douche à recirculation
US13/884,675 US20140033422A1 (en) 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 Recirculating Shower System
BR112013011645A BR112013011645A2 (pt) 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 sistema de recirculação para chuveiro
AU2011326362A AU2011326362B2 (en) 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 Recirculating shower system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2010905057A AU2010905057A0 (en) 2010-11-12 Recirculating shower system
AU2010905057 2010-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012061905A1 true WO2012061905A1 (fr) 2012-05-18

Family

ID=46050254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2011/001471 WO2012061905A1 (fr) 2010-11-12 2011-11-14 Système de douche à recirculation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140033422A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2637538A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103220951A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011326362B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013011645A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012061905A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018097790A1 (fr) * 2016-11-25 2018-05-31 Orbital Systems Ab Procédé de recyclage d'eau et dispositif de recyclage d'eau
WO2018199828A1 (fr) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-01 Orbital Systems Ab Dispositif de recirculation d'eau et procédé d'ajustement d'une température d'eau dans un dispositif de recirculation d'eau
SE541251C2 (en) * 2017-06-16 2019-05-14 Orbital Systems Ab Method for hygenisation of a device intended for recycling of water

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104921637A (zh) * 2015-06-30 2015-09-23 袁蓓莎 节水淋浴装置
CN109983186A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2019-07-05 轨道系统公司 用于水再循环装置的排水管
EP3595499B1 (fr) * 2017-03-15 2022-01-26 Orbital Systems AB Procédé de réglage individuel de la température d'eau de sortie dans un dispositif comprenant de multiples sorties
US11273457B2 (en) 2018-08-14 2022-03-15 Kohler Co. Shower system
EP3887607A4 (fr) * 2018-11-28 2022-08-10 Orbital Systems AB Unité de distribution d'eau pour systèmes de recirculation d'eau
US20220098841A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2022-03-31 Orbital Systems Ab A water recirculation system intended for recycling of water or discarding of water not suitable to recycle
SE545363C2 (en) * 2021-01-07 2023-07-18 Evolution Homes Sweden Ab Water recirculation system for heating and cleaning of domestic water
US20220298046A1 (en) * 2021-03-22 2022-09-22 Ruth Weaver Bath Water Recycling System

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2856675A1 (fr) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-31 Jacques Bernier Dispositif thermique economiseur d'energie anti-legionellose et anti-bacterien
WO2006131743A1 (fr) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-14 Royal College Of Art Système de douche recyclant l’eau
WO2007138742A1 (fr) * 2006-05-29 2007-12-06 Yurikai Co., Ltd. Cabine de douche à pompe à chaleur possédant un absorbeur thermique directement sous la douche

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2575325A (en) * 1948-02-14 1951-11-20 American Gas And Electric Comp Heat pump system
EP0677130B1 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1997-02-26 Merpro Tortek Limited Systeme de traitement d'eau
CN200968714Y (zh) * 2006-11-18 2007-10-31 黄伟 可综合利用废热水的热泵热水器
CN101216212A (zh) * 2008-01-03 2008-07-09 党路明 一种改良双热泵热水系统启动与调节性能的新方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2856675A1 (fr) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-31 Jacques Bernier Dispositif thermique economiseur d'energie anti-legionellose et anti-bacterien
WO2006131743A1 (fr) * 2005-06-07 2006-12-14 Royal College Of Art Système de douche recyclant l’eau
WO2007138742A1 (fr) * 2006-05-29 2007-12-06 Yurikai Co., Ltd. Cabine de douche à pompe à chaleur possédant un absorbeur thermique directement sous la douche

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018097790A1 (fr) * 2016-11-25 2018-05-31 Orbital Systems Ab Procédé de recyclage d'eau et dispositif de recyclage d'eau
US10947705B2 (en) 2016-11-25 2021-03-16 Orbital Systems Ab Method for recycling water and a water recycling device
US11821179B2 (en) 2016-11-25 2023-11-21 Orbital Systems Ab Method for recycling water and a water recycling device
WO2018199828A1 (fr) * 2017-04-27 2018-11-01 Orbital Systems Ab Dispositif de recirculation d'eau et procédé d'ajustement d'une température d'eau dans un dispositif de recirculation d'eau
US10883258B2 (en) 2017-04-27 2021-01-05 Orbital Systems Ab Water recirculation device and method for adjusting a water temperature in a water recirculating device
SE541251C2 (en) * 2017-06-16 2019-05-14 Orbital Systems Ab Method for hygenisation of a device intended for recycling of water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140033422A1 (en) 2014-02-06
EP2637538A1 (fr) 2013-09-18
AU2011326362B2 (en) 2014-09-18
CN103220951A (zh) 2013-07-24
AU2011326362A1 (en) 2013-05-30
BR112013011645A2 (pt) 2019-09-24

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