WO2012059835A1 - Unité amovible utilisable avec un appareil qui détermine le niveau d'oxyde nitrique dans l'air expiré. - Google Patents

Unité amovible utilisable avec un appareil qui détermine le niveau d'oxyde nitrique dans l'air expiré. Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012059835A1
WO2012059835A1 PCT/IB2011/054445 IB2011054445W WO2012059835A1 WO 2012059835 A1 WO2012059835 A1 WO 2012059835A1 IB 2011054445 W IB2011054445 W IB 2011054445W WO 2012059835 A1 WO2012059835 A1 WO 2012059835A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
replaceable unit
nitric oxide
exhaled
amount
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2011/054445
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolaas Petrus Willard
Hans Willem Van Kesteren
Teunis Johannes Vink
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2012059835A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012059835A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/497—Physical analysis of biological material of gaseous biological material, e.g. breath
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0037—NOx
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • a replaceable unit for use with an apparatus that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath
  • the present invention relates to a replaceable unit for use with an apparatus that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath and, in particular, to a replaceable unit that conditions a sample of exhaled air prior to analysis by such an apparatus.
  • nitric oxide nitric oxide
  • a much smaller, patient friendly, less expensive hand held device is therefore required that is capable of measuring low concentrations of nitric oxide.
  • a hand held device that is capable of measuring low concentrations of nitric oxide measures the low
  • US 2009/128819 discloses a device comprising a detector for detecting nitrogen-containing compounds in a gas mixture.
  • the detector includes a scrubber, which removes one or several nitrogen-containing compounds (including nitrogen dioxide) from an incoming gas mixture.
  • the detector also includes a NO to N0 2 converter that is configured to convert the nitrogen-containing compounds to nitrogen dioxide molecules using a potassium permanganate (KMn0 4 ) compound.
  • the converted gas stream is provided to a photo-acoustic sensor.
  • a semiconductor laser or light emitting diode provides a modulated light, and the photo-acoustic sensor detects the standing waves produced by the absorption of the light by the nitrogen dioxide and thereby detects the presence of nitrogen dioxide molecules.
  • the invention seeks to provide a replaceable unit for use with an apparatus that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath, which overcomes the disadvantage mentioned above.
  • a replaceable unit for use with an apparatus that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath, the replaceable unit comprising: a conditioning section for reducing the amount of water in air exhaled by a user to produce a conditioned sample of air for use in nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide conversion.
  • a conditioning section for reducing the amount of water in air exhaled by a user to produce a conditioned sample of air for use in nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide conversion.
  • apparatus that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath, the apparatus comprising: a replaceable unit according to the invention; and a detector for detecting the amount of nitrogen dioxide present in the conditioned sample of air.
  • the apparatus enables a measurement of the amount of nitric oxide exhaled by the patient to be determined through the detection of the amount of nitrogen dioxide present in the conditioned sample of air, such that the apparatus can be used to perform breath tests in asthma management and in the management of other infections or respiratory disease such as rhinitis, whooping cough, tuberculosis, common cold, flu, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc.
  • a storage container for a replaceable unit comprising: a sealable compartment into which the replaceable unit can be placed; and a drying agent located in the sealable compartment that can reduce the amount of water held in the conditioning section of the replaceable unit.
  • the storage container allows a single replaceable unit to be used to take more than one measurement, which would not otherwise be possible due to there being a limited amount of water that can be adsorbed in the replaceable unit.
  • the drying agent located in the sealable compartment reduces the amount of water in the replaceable unit thereby allowing the replaceable unit to be "recharged" ready for the next use.
  • the conditioning section may be configured to reduce the amount of water in the exhaled air by reducing the temperature and/or relative humidity of the air exhaled by the user.
  • the conditioning section may be configured to reduce the temperature of the exhaled air to room temperature.
  • the conditioning section may be configured to reduce the relative humidity of the exhaled air from 100% at 34°C to approximately 50% at room temperature.
  • the conditioning section may contain wet silica. This material is highly effective at reducing the amount of water in the air exhaled by the user, acting as a water buffer and a heat absorber. Furthermore, it has a low toxicity and is inexpensive, which means that the replaceable unit can be used without any danger at a physician's office or at a user's home.
  • the replaceable unit may further comprise a scrubbing section for removing compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen from air prior to inhalation by a user of the apparatus. This prevents nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide from the environment contaminating the exhaled breath sample and affecting the nitric oxide measurement.
  • the replaceable unit may further comprise a converting section for converting nitric oxide present in the conditioned sample of air to nitrogen dioxide. This enables low concentrations of nitric oxide to be measured since nitrogen dioxide can be more accurately measured than nitric oxide.
  • the conversion section may comprise an oxidizing reagent for converting the nitric oxide present in the conditioned sample of air to nitrogen dioxide.
  • the oxidizing reagent may comprise manganese dioxide (Mn0 2 ) with potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHS0 4 ).
  • Mn0 2 manganese dioxide
  • KHS0 4 potassium hydrogen sulfate
  • This material is extremely well suited for the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide because it is highly active, provides a high yield at a broad range of temperatures and humidity (including room temperature), has a low toxicity and is inexpensive.
  • the ratio of manganese dioxide (Mn0 2 ) to potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO 4 ) may be 1 : 1 by weight.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic of an apparatus that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath, comprising a replaceable unit according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic of an exemplary replaceable unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for conditioning a sample of air using the replaceable unit according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an apparatus 100 that determines the level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises a replaceable unit (also known as a replaceable cartridge) 102 through which air is inhaled and exhaled by a user of the apparatus 100.
  • the apparatus 100 comprises an inlet 104 through which air 106 can enter the apparatus 100 and replaceable unit 102 and an outlet 108 through which a conditioned sample of air 110 is passed to a detector 112.
  • the detector 112 is shown to be integral with the apparatus 100, the detector 112 may, alternatively, be separate to the apparatus 100.
  • the replaceable unit 102 comprises three sections or compartments; a scrubbing section 114, a conditioning section 116, and a converting section 118.
  • the scrubbing section 114 is provided to remove nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide from air that is to be inhaled by the user of the apparatus 100
  • the conditioning section 116 is provided to reduce the amount of water in the air exhaled by the user in accordance with the invention
  • the converting section 118 is provided to convert the nitric oxide in the conditioned exhaled air to nitrogen dioxide.
  • the detector 112 is used to measure the amount of nitrogen dioxide present in the conditioned and converted sample of air 110 received via the outlet 108.
  • the detector 112 may, for example, be a photo-acoustic detector.
  • the apparatus 100 further comprises a mouthpiece 120 through which a user inhales (indicated by arrow 122) and exhales (indicated by arrow 124).
  • the apparatus 100 also comprises a first one-way valve 126 positioned between the scrubbing section 114 of the replaceable unit 102 and the mouthpiece 120 and a second one-way value 128 positioned between the mouthpiece 120 and the conditioning section 116.
  • the one-way valves 126, 128 control the direction of the flow of air through the replaceable unit 102 as described below.
  • the first one-way valve 126 allows the scrubbed air 122 (i.e. air that has passed through the scrubbing section 114) to be inhaled by the user but prevents the air that is exhaled 124 by the user from re-entering the scrubbing section 114.
  • the second one-way valve 128 allows the air that is exhaled 124 by the user to enter the conditioning section 116 and subsequently the converting section 118, but prevents air from being drawn through the conditioning section 116 and the converting section 118 when the user inhales.
  • the apparatus 100 is configured such that as a user inhales through the mouthpiece 120, air 106 is drawn into the apparatus 100 via the inlet 104, through the scrubbing section 114 of the replaceable unit 102, and into the user.
  • the scrubbing section 114 scrubs NO x from all of the inhaled air 106
  • the apparatus 100 may be configured in a preferred embodiment such that the conditioning section 116 only conditions a sample (for example, 10%) of the exhaled air 124, with the remainder of the exhaled air 124 being diverted in the apparatus 100 so that it does not pass through the conditioning section 116 or converting section 118.
  • a pump may be used (also not shown in Figure 1) to draw a sample at the required volume from the exhaled air 124, which will then be passed through the conditioning section 116 and the converting section 118.
  • the scrubbing section 114 contains a scrubber material or compound that removes nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds (NO x ) in particular, NO and N0 2 , from the air 106, thereby producing NO x scrubbed air 122 that flows from the scrubbing section 114 into the user.
  • This section 114 is provided to prevent nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide from the environment contaminating the exhaled breath sample and affecting the nitric oxide measurement.
  • the scrubber material is potassium permanganate (KMn0 4 ) or manganese dioxide (Mn0 2 ).
  • the scrubbing section 114 removes all (or as near to all as practicable) of the nitrogen and oxygen containing (NO x ) compounds from the air 106.
  • the amount of scrubber material required in the scrubbing section 114 for effectively cleaning the air 106 is small. For example, for a large volume of air, say 10 liters, with a high level of nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds of 500 ppb, only 31 mg of scrubber material such as potassium permanganate (KMn0 4 ) is required. In a typical sample of air inhaled and exhaled by a user of say around 5 liters of air, having a high NO x concentration of 500 ppb, 10 "7 mol or 10 microgram of potassium permanganate is required. However, since this is such a small quantity of scrubber material and it is important that all NO x comes into contact with the scrubber material, a much larger quantity of scrubber material is used.
  • the exhaled air 124 passes through the second one-way valve 128 into the conditioning section 116 and the converting section 118 of the replaceable unit 102 and into the detector 112, which detects the amount of nitrogen dioxide in the air sample.
  • the conditioning section 116 is filled with a material or compound for reducing the amount of water in the exhaled air 124.
  • the conditioning section 116 is configured such that exhaled air 124 flows across the material in the conditioning section 116 and the material reduces the amount of water in the exhaled air 128, through absorption or chemical processes.
  • the air that flows from the conditioning section 116 into the converting section 118 is denoted as conditioned air (labelled 130 in Figure 1).
  • the material in the conditioning section 116 can reduce the amount of water in the exhaled air by reducing the temperature of the exhaled air 124.
  • a suitable material for use in the conditioning section 116 may be, for example, wet silica which already contains water and acts as a water buffer and a heat absorber.
  • the material lowers the amount of water in the exhaled air 124 by absorbing excess heat and water.
  • the material may lower the temperature of the exhaled air 124 to, or near to, room temperature.
  • the material may lower the humidity of the exhaled air 124 from 100% at 34°C to approximately 50% at room temperature.
  • the conditioning section 116 reduces the temperature of the exhaled air to 25°C or less and the relative humidity to 50% or less, which is 10 g of water per kg of air.
  • the converting section 118 contains an oxidizing reagent.
  • the conditioned air 130 from the conditioning section 116 flows over the oxidising reagent which reacts with the nitric oxide present in the conditioned air 130 to form nitrogen dioxide.
  • the yield of the conversion process needs to be as high as possible.
  • the reduction in water content in the exhaled air effected by the conditioning section 116 reduces the amount of water in the converter which would otherwise reduce the number of active sites in the converter, slowing down the conversion process.
  • the larger number of reactive places in the converter available to nitric oxide improves the rate at which nitric oxide is converted to nitrogen dioxide and therefore improves the yield of the oxidation process.
  • the amount of oxidising reagent required to effectively convert the nitric oxide present in the conditioned air 130 to nitrogen dioxide is small. However, other components are present in the conditioned air 130 that will also be oxidized in the converter 118, so the amount of oxidizing reagent must be selected to allow for the oxidization of these components while still providing a good yield for nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide conversion.
  • the amount of oxidizing material may, for example, be designed for somebody who has been drinking and is classed as being severely drunk (for example, a person having 0.2 gram of ethanol per 100 ml of blood). For one exhaled breath of 10 seconds at 50 ml/s, of which only 5 ml/s are used for analysis in a preferred embodiment, only 2.7 mg of oxidising reagent is required.
  • Another condition for a good conversion yield is the presence of a strong acid in the converting section 118.
  • Acid activates the converter in order to make oxidation of the nitric oxide possible. It also speeds up the oxidation process and helps to desorb (i.e. release) the resulting nitrogen dioxide from the filter (or material) present in the converting section 118.
  • an optimum ratio of converter material to acid has to be found since too much acid decreases the amount of reactive places in the converter, while too little acid decreases the activity of the converter.
  • the oxidizing reagent is manganese dioxide (Mn0 2 ) with potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHS0 4 ).
  • Mn0 2 manganese dioxide
  • KHS0 4 potassium hydrogen sulfate
  • This material is extremely well suited for the conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide because it is highly active, provides a high yield at a broad range of temperatures and humidity (including room temperature), has a low toxicity and is inexpensive.
  • the ratio between Mn0 2 and KHSO 4 is approximately 1/1 in weight.
  • a particle size of between 1.0 mm and 0.25 mm and the approximately 1/1 weight ratio produces a yield of more than 90% in a humidity range of 10- 50% at room temperature.
  • an inactive agent may be used as a carrier to bulk up the quantity and fill the compartments in the replaceable unit 102.
  • the carrier material may be, for example, silica, zeolites, glass particles or the like. The use of carrier material can reduce the cost of manufacturing the replaceable unit 102. Alternatively, the converter may simply contain a larger amount of converter material.
  • All of the necessary chemicals used in the replaceable unit 102 may be optimized to the highest efficiency by them having a dedicated particle size (for example the particles in each of the scrubbing, conditioning and converting sections 114, 116, 118 can have a size between 0.25mm and 1mm) and by packing them in the specially designed sections, causing the user to experience only minimal or no flow resistance during the breath measurement, providing a good (i.e. highly active) conversion process and enabling the sensor to produce results in real time.
  • a dedicated particle size for example the particles in each of the scrubbing, conditioning and converting sections 114, 116, 118 can have a size between 0.25mm and 1mm
  • the chemicals used in the preferred embodiments of the three sections of the replaceable unit 102 of the invention are low toxicity or non toxic, and inexpensive, which means the replaceable unit 102 can be used without any danger at a physician's office or at a user's home.
  • the replaceable unit 102 and/or apparatus 100 should be configured so that it is patient friendly, i.e. simple and easy to use by a wide variety of patients (e.g. the sick, elderly and young).
  • the replaceable unit 102 and apparatus 100 are made easier to use by keeping the breathing resistance caused by the replaceable unit 102 as low as possible.
  • a small pump (not shown in Figure 1) is provided in the apparatus 100 to extract a sample from the exhaled air 124 that is then conditioned
  • the pump can be used to partly counteract the increase in breathing resistance that results from the presence of the sections of the replaceable unit 102 in the air flow path.
  • a pump may be provided in the apparatus 100 that acts to completely reduce or eliminate the flow resistance that the patient may otherwise feel from the replaceable unit 102, thus helping the patient.
  • the replaceable unit 102 is not limited to any particular shape, configuration, or dimensions, and can in part be determined by the apparatus 100 into which the unit 102 is to be placed, but it should in any case be small and light enough to be placed into a hand-held apparatus.
  • the replaceable unit 102 is a cylindrical/tube shape having an inner tube 132 disposed within an outer tube 134.
  • the inner tube 132 contains the conditioning section 116 and converting section 118 in adjacent compartments, and the scrubbing section 114 is disposed between the outer wall of the inner tube 132 and inner wall of the outer tube 134.
  • This arrangement of the replaceable unit 102 provides a compact unit, which can be used in a small and lightweight handheld breathing apparatus.
  • the replaceable unit 102 has an inner diameter of 13 mm and a length of 10 mm and may be filled with particles having a size of between 0.25 mm and 1 mm diameter.
  • the diameter of the replaceable unit 102 is 40 mm or less in order to make sure that it is small enough for a hand held device.
  • the inner tube 132 has a diameter of 4 mm or more, since a smaller diameter provides too much breathing resistance to a user.
  • the air is scrubbed of nitrogen and oxygen containing compounds (NO x ) (step 200).
  • the exhaled air 124 (or a sample of the exhaled air) is conditioned (step 202) by reducing the amount of water in the exhaled air 124.
  • the amount of water can be reduced by reducing the temperature of the exhaled air 124 (which results in water condensing out of the air since it has approximately 100% humidity) and/or by actively adsorbing water from the exhaled air 124.
  • Nitric oxide present in the conditioned air 130 is then converted to nitrogen dioxide (step 204).
  • the amount of nitrogen dioxide present in the converted air 110 is then measured (step 206), and the amount of nitric oxide originally present in the exhaled air estimated from the measurement.
  • the replaceable unit 102 may be single use unit that is used for only one measurement per patient, which means that the amount of the active compounds required in each replaceable unit 102 is very small.
  • the replaceable unit 102 may be a multiple use unit that is used for more than one measurement on a particular patient. In this case, the replaceable unit 102 will contain sufficient amounts of the scrubbing, conditioning and converting agents to allow for multiple measurements by a patient at home.
  • the drying box may be, for example, an airtight box comprising a drying agent (such as dry silica).
  • the drying box preferably contains a larger quantity of dry silica than the quantity of wet silica contained in the unit 102.
  • the drying box may be heated to 40-50°C.
  • the silica in the unit 102 is dried and thus the unit 102, and specifically the conditioning section 116, is "recharged" ready for the next use.
  • the replaceable unit 102 of the invention can be used in an apparatus that is used to perform breath tests in asthma management and in the management of other infections or respiratory disease such as rhinitis, whooping cough, tuberculosis, common cold, flu, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité amovible (102) utilisable avec un appareil (100) qui détermine le niveau d'oxyde nitrique dans l'air expiré. L'unité amovible (102) comprend une section de conditionnement (116) pour réduire la quantité d'eau dans l'air (124) expiré par un utilisateur pour produire un échantillon d'air (130) conditionné destiné à être utilisé dans la conversion d'oxyde nitrique en dioxyde d'azote.
PCT/IB2011/054445 2010-11-05 2011-10-10 Unité amovible utilisable avec un appareil qui détermine le niveau d'oxyde nitrique dans l'air expiré. WO2012059835A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10190101 2010-11-05
EP10190101.5 2010-11-05

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WO2012059835A1 true WO2012059835A1 (fr) 2012-05-10

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PCT/IB2011/054445 WO2012059835A1 (fr) 2010-11-05 2011-10-10 Unité amovible utilisable avec un appareil qui détermine le niveau d'oxyde nitrique dans l'air expiré.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2579911A1 (es) * 2016-05-27 2016-08-17 Eversens, S.L. Dispositivo de medida de la concentración de gases en aire exhalado y procedimiento de medida empleado
US10307080B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2019-06-04 Spirosure, Inc. Respiratory monitor
US11300552B2 (en) 2017-03-01 2022-04-12 Caire Diagnostics Inc. Nitric oxide detection device with reducing gas

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1352004A (en) * 1970-07-31 1974-05-15 Cerberus Ag Fire alarm signalling system
US20030216660A1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2003-11-20 Ilan Ben-Oren Breath test apparatus and methods
WO2007029164A2 (fr) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Detection d'oxyde nitrique
US20080053194A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2008-03-06 Ahmad Lubna M Thermoelectric sensor for analytes in a gas and related method
WO2008088780A1 (fr) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-24 University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Détection d'oxyde nitrique
WO2009025488A2 (fr) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Tongyang Moolsan Co., Ltd. Appareil et procédé d'analyse de constituants de gaz dans une cavité orale et gaz alvéolaire
US20090128819A1 (en) 2005-04-26 2009-05-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Low cost apparatus for detection of nitrogen-containing gas compounds
WO2010115694A1 (fr) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareil d'analyse de gaz combinant un déshumidificateur de gaz et un convertisseur de gaz

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1352004A (en) * 1970-07-31 1974-05-15 Cerberus Ag Fire alarm signalling system
US20030216660A1 (en) * 1999-06-08 2003-11-20 Ilan Ben-Oren Breath test apparatus and methods
US20080053194A1 (en) * 2003-04-28 2008-03-06 Ahmad Lubna M Thermoelectric sensor for analytes in a gas and related method
US20090128819A1 (en) 2005-04-26 2009-05-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Low cost apparatus for detection of nitrogen-containing gas compounds
WO2007029164A2 (fr) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Detection d'oxyde nitrique
WO2008088780A1 (fr) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-24 University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education Détection d'oxyde nitrique
WO2009025488A2 (fr) * 2007-08-20 2009-02-26 Tongyang Moolsan Co., Ltd. Appareil et procédé d'analyse de constituants de gaz dans une cavité orale et gaz alvéolaire
WO2010115694A1 (fr) * 2009-04-08 2010-10-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareil d'analyse de gaz combinant un déshumidificateur de gaz et un convertisseur de gaz

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10307080B2 (en) 2014-03-07 2019-06-04 Spirosure, Inc. Respiratory monitor
ES2579911A1 (es) * 2016-05-27 2016-08-17 Eversens, S.L. Dispositivo de medida de la concentración de gases en aire exhalado y procedimiento de medida empleado
WO2017203075A1 (fr) * 2016-05-27 2017-11-30 Eversens, S.L. Dispositif de mesure de la concentration de gaz dans l'air exhalé et procédé de mesure utilisé
EP3467496A4 (fr) * 2016-05-27 2020-03-11 Eversens, S.L. Dispositif de mesure de la concentration de gaz dans l'air exhalé et procédé de mesure utilisé
US11009501B2 (en) 2016-05-27 2021-05-18 Eversens, S.L. Device for measuring the concentration of gases in exhaled air and measurement procedure used
US11300552B2 (en) 2017-03-01 2022-04-12 Caire Diagnostics Inc. Nitric oxide detection device with reducing gas

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