WO2012059017A1 - 一种利用潮流能源的方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种利用潮流能源的方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012059017A1
WO2012059017A1 PCT/CN2011/081399 CN2011081399W WO2012059017A1 WO 2012059017 A1 WO2012059017 A1 WO 2012059017A1 CN 2011081399 W CN2011081399 W CN 2011081399W WO 2012059017 A1 WO2012059017 A1 WO 2012059017A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
rotating shaft
tube
tidal current
generating electricity
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PCT/CN2011/081399
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王武生
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上海奇谋能源技术开发有限公司
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Publication of WO2012059017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012059017A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for utilizing water flow, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for utilizing tidal current energy. Background technique
  • the blade In order to increase the output torque, it is necessary to increase the component force F', and to increase the component force F', the blade is required to be increased.
  • the force area if the length of the blade 1' is increased along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2', the water flow is difficult to flow through the blade 1', so the length of the blade is generally about 1 meter; if the radial direction along the rotating shaft 2' Increasing the width of the blade 1', when the blade is rotating, the linear velocity at the outermost end of the blade is large, resulting in a large rotational resistance. Since the flow velocity of the water in the ocean and the river is not fast, the energy utilization rate of the prior art blade turbine is low, and for the above reasons, it is difficult for the existing blade turbine to increase its output torque. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power generation facility that effectively utilizes rivers and ocean currents to fundamentally increase energy conversion rates and reduce power generation costs. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method of utilizing tidal current energy.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power generation power generation device that is simple in structure and low in cost, and can efficiently utilize the tidal current energy of rivers and oceans, and has high power generation efficiency and low cost.
  • a method for utilizing a tidal current energy source comprising: 1) preparing a device including an organic wing blade and a rotating shaft, wherein at least two of the blades are fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft in parallel and in the same direction by a bracket, Normal to the lifting surface of each blade The positive direction is the clockwise or counterclockwise direction around the axis of rotation;
  • the lower edge curve or the upper edge curve of the airfoil of the blade of the device is made to follow the direction of the water flow.
  • the invention provides a method for utilizing tidal current energy, wherein the step 1) further comprises: driving the rotating shaft of the device to the rotating shaft of the generator rotor.
  • the device is placed in a water stream, and according to Bernoulli's principle, lift can be generated in the flowing water flow, and the power energy of the power flow can be converted into the shaft energy efficiently and at low cost.
  • the invention relates to a device for generating electricity by using a tidal energy source, comprising a rotating shaft, a bracket, at least two blades and a generator, each of the blades is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft in parallel and in the same direction by the bracket, and the blades are distributed around the rotating shaft
  • the circumference of the blade is in the shape of a wing, and the normal direction of the lifting surface of the blade is clockwise about the rotating shaft or both counterclockwise, the rotating shaft of the generator rotor and the paddle wheel Rotary shaft drive connection.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source, wherein the shape of the cross section of the blade is an isosceles trapezoid, and the bottom side of the outer side of the isosceles ladder is longer than the bottom side of the inner side.
  • the present invention is an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source, wherein an outer edge and an inner edge of an upper surface of the blade are provided with rounded corners.
  • the airfoil blade itself also generates resistance when it rotates in the water, and this resistance slows down the rotation speed. Therefore, improving the outer edge of the upper surface of the airfoil blade from the original right angle to a round angle reduces the resistance of the water flow, increases the speed of rotation, and thereby increases the output power of the shaft.
  • the invention relates to a device for generating electricity by using a tidal energy source, wherein a baffle is further mounted on the blade, a front end of the baffle is fixedly connected to a rear end of the blade, and a rear end of the baffle is located at an airfoil of the blade
  • the angle ⁇ between the deflector and the axis of the shaft is 5 degrees to 89 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ is preferably from 40 to 50 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ is 5 to 89 degrees. In fact, as long as the deflector forms an angle with the rotating shaft, a rotational component will be generated. When the angle ⁇ is between 40 and 50 degrees, the effect is optimal.
  • the invention relates to a device for generating electricity by using a tidal energy source, further comprising a guide tube, the guide tube is mounted on the rotating shaft through a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is rotatably assembled on the rotating shaft, wherein the guiding tube comprises a front tube, a middle tube and a rear tube,
  • the diameter of the front cylinder is larger than the diameter of the rear cylinder
  • the middle cylinder is tapered
  • the large end of the middle cylinder is fixedly connected with the rear end of the front cylinder
  • the small end of the middle cylinder is fixedly connected with the front end of the rear cylinder
  • the paddle impeller is located in the rear cylinder.
  • the paddle impeller is not in contact with the inner surface of the rear cylinder, and the front end of the paddle of the paddle impeller faces the front cylinder of the draft tube. Pass In this way, when the water coming in from the large-diameter front cylinder enters the small-diameter rear cylinder through the tapered middle cylinder, the water flow rate is increased, and the water flow velocity is increased to increase the rotation speed of the impeller. The output power of the paddle impeller is increased.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source, wherein a rotating shaft of the generator rotor is coupled to a rotating shaft of the paddle impeller via an electromagnetic coupler. Since the medium of water affects the sealing performance of the generator, especially the seawater affects the electrical performance of the generator, the sealing requirements for the generator are very high. When the magnetic coupling is used to transmit power, the shaft of the generator can be sealed with the generator as a whole to improve the sealing effect of the generator.
  • the invention relates to a device for generating electricity by using a tidal current energy source, wherein a connection mode between a rotating shaft of the generator rotor and a rotating shaft of the paddle impeller is a sprocket connection, a gear connection or a pulley connection.
  • the apparatus for generating electricity using tidal current energy differs from the prior art in that the blade of the paddle wheel is set to a wing shape, and the blade is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft through the bracket, before the airfoil of the blade The edges are all forward, and the normal direction of the lift surface of the blade is clockwise around the axis of rotation or counterclockwise.
  • the power generating device is placed in a river or a tidal current
  • the rotating shaft is installed in a river or a tidal current in parallel with the direction of the water flow, according to the Bernoulli principle, water flows through the blade surface of the airfoil blade to generate a perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for utilizing tidal current energy according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the rotation of a paddle impeller of a device for generating electricity using a tidal current energy source according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view (a rectangular cross section) of a paddle wheel of an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3 (installation of a deflector);
  • Figure 5a is a cross-sectional view of a paddle of a paddle wheel of an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source
  • FIG. 5b is a cross-sectional view of a blade of a paddle wheel of an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source (the edge is rounded);
  • FIG. 6 is a front cross-sectional view of the paddle wheel of the apparatus for generating power using a tidal current source according to the present invention;
  • Figure 7 is a right side cross-sectional view of a paddle wheel of an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current source (with a guide tube installed);
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of a prior art blade turbine;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 1. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a device for generating electricity by using a tidal current energy source, comprising a rotating shaft 31, a bracket 32 and eight blades 33 and a generator.
  • the blades 33 are fixedly connected in parallel to the bracket 32, and the bracket 32 is fixed.
  • the eight blades 33 are divided into four groups, two blades 33 in each group are symmetrical about the axis of the rotating shaft 31, and eight blades 33 are evenly distributed on the circumference centered on the rotating shaft 31.
  • the rotating shaft of the generator rotor and the rotating shaft of the paddle impeller are connected by an electromagnetic coupler.
  • the rotating shaft of the generator rotor and the rotating shaft of the paddle wheel can also be connected by a sprocket connection, a gear connection or a pulley.
  • a sprocket connection As shown in FIG. 1, wherein the shape of the blade 33 is in the shape of a wing, the leading edge point 34 of the airfoil of the blade 33 is forward, and the upper edge curve 35 of the airfoil of the blade 33 is located on the lifting surface 36.
  • the line 37 is forward in the counterclockwise direction about the axis of rotation 31.
  • the normal to the lift surface 36 of the paddle 33 may also be a clockwise direction about the axis of rotation.
  • the working principle of this embodiment is as follows: As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, under the action of the water flow 1, the flow direction of the water flow 1 is parallel to the rotating shaft 31, and the airfoil type blade 33 is due to the upper edge curve 35 of the airfoil.
  • the length is longer than the length of the lower edge curve 39, and the flow rate of the water stream 1 flowing through the upper edge curve 35 is faster than the flow rate of the water stream 1 flowing through the lower edge curve 39, according to the Bernoulli principle, the upper edge of the blade 33
  • the water pressure at the position of the curve 35 is smaller than the water pressure at the position of the lower edge curve 39 of the blade 33, so that the blade 33 generates a lift F, and the lift force F of the two blades 33 in each set of blades forms a revolving shaft.
  • the torque of the rotation of 31, through the bracket 32, the wing-type blade 33 will drive the rotating shaft 31 to rotate, and the rotating shaft drives the rotating shaft of the generator rotor to generate electricity.
  • an apparatus for generating electricity by using a tidal current energy source is different from that of Embodiment 1 in that a baffle 44 is further mounted on the blade 41, and the front end of the deflector 44 is fixedly coupled to the blade 41.
  • the rear end of the deflector 44 is located on one side of the lower edge curve 49 of the airfoil of the blade 41, and the angle ⁇ between the deflector 44 and the axis of the shaft is 5 to 89 degrees, preferably 40 to 50. In this embodiment, the angle ⁇ is 50 degrees.
  • a baffle 44 is mounted at the tail of the blade 41.
  • the baffle 44 forms an angle with the flow direction of the water flow 42.
  • a lift F is generated.
  • the lift F is perpendicular to the flow direction of the water flow 42; at the same time, the water flow 42 generates a thrust to the tail baffle 44, which is decomposed into a horizontal component F2 and a vertical component F1, and the vertical component F 1 and the flow 42
  • the direction is vertical, the vertical component force F1 and the lift force F are in the same direction, and the two form a resultant force, which increases the strength of the rotation.
  • the apparatus for generating power using the tidal current energy source of the present invention is different from that of the second embodiment in that the shape of the cross section of the blade 62 perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft is an isosceles trapezoid, and the outer bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is provided.
  • the side 66 is longer than the inner bottom edge 65.
  • the blade 62 is connected to the rotating shaft 61 through the bracket 63.
  • the cross section of the airfoil blade 62 is changed from the original rectangular shape to a trapezoidal shape, and the trapezoidal shape can increase the sectional area of the airfoil type blade 62, thereby increasing the lift; meanwhile, due to the wing The area of the type paddle 62 is increased, The gap between the two adjacent airfoil blades becomes smaller, the speed at which the water flows through these gaps increases, the speed increases to increase the lift, and the increase in the lift increases the rotational force of the shaft 61, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency.
  • an apparatus for generating electricity using a tidal current energy source of the present invention is different from that of the third embodiment in that the outer and inner edges of the upper surface 56 of each blade 55 are provided with rounded corners 57.
  • a lift force F1 is generated, and at the same time, the water flow also generates a resistance F2 to the airfoil blade 51, and the edge 53 of the upper surface 52 of the airfoil blade 51 Both are right angle shapes.
  • the apparatus for generating power using the tidal current energy source is different from that of Embodiment 4 in that the paddle impeller in this embodiment further includes a guide tube 70, and the rotating shaft 75 passes through the connecting plate (not shown).
  • the connecting plate is mounted on the rotating shaft 75 through a bearing.
  • the guiding tube 70 includes a front tube 71, a middle tube 72 and a rear tube 73.
  • the diameter of the front tube 71 is larger than the diameter of the rear tube 73.
  • the cylinder 72 is tapered, the large end of the intermediate cylinder 72 is welded to the rear end of the front cylinder 71, the small end of the intermediate cylinder 72 is welded to the front end of the rear cylinder 73, the impeller is located in the rear cylinder 73, and the impeller is Not in contact with the inner surface of the rear cylinder 73, the front end of the paddle 74 of the paddle impeller faces the front cylinder of the draft tube 70.
  • a guide tube 70 is disposed outside the blade 74.
  • the tapered intermediate cylinder 72 contracts excessively into the small-diameter rear cylinder 73, and then the water flow 76 is rearward.
  • the canister 73 flows out, and since the paddle 74 of the paddle impeller is placed in the rear cylinder 73, the water flow 76 drives the paddle impeller to rotate, and the paddle impeller outputs the rotational energy through the rotating shaft 75.
  • the utility model relates to a device for generating electricity by using a tidal current energy source, wherein the blade of the paddle impeller is arranged in a shape of a wing, and the blade is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft by the parallel direction of the bracket, when the paddle wheel is placed in a river or a tidal current, when the rotating shaft is When installed in a river or tidal current parallel to the direction of water flow, according to the Bernoulli principle, the flow of water through the blade surface of the airfoil blade produces a lift perpendicular to the shaft, forming a torque against the shaft, due to the installation of the blade
  • the directions are the same, so the direction of the shaft torque is the same, which drives The rotation of the rotating shaft drives the rotating shaft of the generator rotor to generate electricity.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种利用潮流能源发电的设备包括转轴（31，61，75）、支架（32，63）和至少两片桨叶（33，41，51，62，74），桨叶通过支架平行同向的固定安装在转轴上，转轴与电动机转子轴传动连接，其中该桨叶的形状为机翼形，且桨叶的升力面的法线正向均为绕转轴的顺时针方向或者逆时针方向；一种利用潮流能源的方法包括将该设备放置在海洋或河流中，使该设备的桨叶的翼型的下缘曲线或上缘曲线顺着水流方向。该设备能够有效利用河流、海洋的潮流能源，发电效率高，成本低。

Description

一种利用潮流能源的方法及设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用水流的方法及设备， 特别是涉及一种利用潮流能源的方法及设备。 背景技术
现在随着世界能源的紧缺和温室效应的增加， 开发新的能源特别是再生绿色能源越来越 重要。 海洋和河流里贮藏有大量的能源， 但我们目前主要还是采用修建大坝的方式来利用， 而流动的水本身的动能能量我们还没有有效地利用。 现在虽然也有相关的发明利用水的流动 的动能， 如中国专利局于 1995. 11. 22 公开的发明名称 《 履带式叶轮机》 专利申请号 94105649. X的发明中公开了一种方法， 该方法采用履带式叶轮机来利用水的动能， 但这种方 法由于工艺的原因并不能大规模应用， 特别是在海洋里， 由于海洋里环境复杂， 这种设备无 法经受大风大浪地考验， 目前还没有得到解决和应用。 又如中国专利局于 1995. 11. 08 公开 的发明名称《弧斜形叶片水轮》专利申请号 94229609. 5公开的一种技术， 由于其能量转化率 低而没有得到实际应用。 现在虽然利用水流发电的方法很多， 但并没有得到实际地应用， 如 图 8、 图 9所示， 其主要原因现有技术均是通过水流冲击叶片 1 ' ， 在叶片上产生垂直与旋转 轴 2 ' 的分力 F' ， 分力 F' 构成转矩， 使旋转轴 2' 旋转， 为了增加输出的转矩， 需要增大 分力 F' ，而增大分力 F' ，则需增大叶片 的受力面积，若沿转轴 2' 的轴向增大叶片 1 ' 的长度， 则会使水流很难流过叶片 1 ' ， 因此叶片 的长度一般为 1米左右； 若沿转轴 2 ' 的径向向增大叶片 1 ' 的宽度， 则叶片 在旋转时， 叶片 最外端的线速度会很大， 从而 产生很大的旋转阻力。 由于海洋和河流中水流的流速不快， 所以现有技术的叶片水轮机的能 量利用率低， 而由于上述原因， 现有的叶片水轮机又很难提高其输出转矩。 因此， 现在急需 一种从根本上提高能量转化率、 降低发电成本的有效利用河流、 海洋潮流的发电设备。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用潮流能源的方法。
本发明要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种结构简单、成本低的利用潮流能源发电设备， 能够高效的利用河流、 海洋的潮流能源， 发电效率高、 成本低。
本发明一种利用潮流能源的方法， 包括： 1 )、 准备包括有机翼形桨叶和转轴的装置， 至 少两个所述桨叶通过支架平行同向的固定安装在所述转轴上， 所述每个桨叶的升力面的法线 正向均为绕转轴的顺时针方向或逆时针方向；
2 )、 将该装置放置在海洋或河流中；
3 )、 使该装置的桨叶的翼型的下缘曲线或上缘曲线顺着水流方向。
本发明一种利用潮流能源的方法， 其中步骤 1 ) 还包括： 将该装置的转轴与发电机转子 的旋转轴传动连接。
使用该方法， 将该装置放置在水流中， 根据伯努利原理， 能够在流动的水流中产生升力， 高效、 低成本的将潮流能源转换为转轴的机械能。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 包括转轴、 支架、 至少两个桨叶和发电机， 每个 桨叶通过支架平行同向的固定安装在转轴上， 且桨叶分布在以转轴为中心的圆周上， 其中桨 叶的形状为机翼形， 且桨叶的升力面的法线正向均为绕转轴的顺时针方向或者均为逆时针方 向， 发电机转子的旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴传动连接。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其中所述桨叶横截面的形状为等腰梯形， 等腰梯 形的外侧的底边比内侧的底边长。 通过这种改进可以提高桨叶外沿的弧线的长度， 从而提高 桨叶的叶面面积， 根据伯努利原理， 从而可以提高旋转升力。 同时， 两个机翼型桨叶之间的 空隙会变小， 从而使水流的速度加快， 提高发电效率。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其中所述桨叶的上表面的外边缘和内边缘均设置 为圆角。 当桨叶轮在水流中旋转时， 其中的机翼型桨叶本身在水中旋转时也会产生阻力， 这 种阻力会使旋转的速度减慢。 因此， 把机翼型桨叶的上表面的外边缘由原来的直角改进成圆 角会减少水流的阻力， 提高旋转的速度， 从而提高转轴的输出功率。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其中所述桨叶上还安装有导流板， 导流板的前端 固定连接在桨叶的后端， 导流板的后端位于桨叶的翼型的下缘曲线的一侧， 导流板与转轴轴 线的夹角 α为 5度至 89度。夹角 α优选 40度至 50度。当流过机翼型桨叶的水流经过桨叶的 尾部时与安装在尾部的导流板相遇， 由于与转轴成一定的夹角， 导流板阻挡了水流的流动， 会对水流的流动形成一定的阻力； 反过来， 水流会推动导流板， 导流板在水流的推动下会产 生运动， 一部分分力会带动机翼型桨叶旋转， 从而加快桨叶轮的旋转速度， 提高水流的利用 效率。 夹角 α为 5— 89度， 事实上只要导流板与转轴成夹角就会产生旋转分力， 当夹角 α范 围在 40-50度时效果最优。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 还包括导流筒， 导流筒通过连接板安装在转轴上， 连接板旋转地套装在转轴上， 导流筒包括前筒、 中筒和后筒， 前筒的直径大于后筒的直径， 中筒呈锥形， 中筒的大端与前筒的后端固定连接， 中筒的小端与后筒的前端固定连接， 桨叶 轮位于后筒内， 且桨叶轮不与后筒内表面接触， 桨叶轮的桨叶的前端朝向导流筒的前筒。 通 过这种方式， 从大直径的前筒进来的水通过锥形的中筒进入到小直径的后筒里时， 其水的流 速会提高， 水的流速变大使桨叶轮旋转速度提高， 从而使桨叶轮的输出功率提高。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其中所述发电机转子的旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴通 过电磁耦合器连接。 由于水的介质会影响到发电机的密封性能， 特别是海水会影响发电机的 电气性能， 所以对发电机的密封要求非常高。 采用磁偶合传递动力时， 发电机的转轴可以和 发电机整体密封， 提高发电机的密封效果。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其中所述发电机转子的旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴的 连接方式为链轮连接、 齿轮连接或者皮带轮连接。
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备与现有技术不同之处在于本发明通过将桨叶轮的桨 叶设置为机翼形状， 桨叶通过支架固定安装在转轴上， 桨叶的翼型的前缘点均向前， 且桨叶 的升力面的法线正向均为绕转轴顺时针方向或者均为逆时针方向。 当将该发电装置置于河流 或潮流中， 当转轴与水流方向平行地安装在河流或潮流里时， 根据伯努利原理， 水流经过机 翼型桨叶的叶面时会产生垂直于转轴的升力，形成对转轴的转矩， 由于桨叶的安装方向一致， 所以对转轴转矩的方向均一致， 从而带动转轴和发电机转子的旋转轴旋转， 由于桨叶受到的 升力与桨叶的叶面面积成正比， 当桨叶的长度为 10-20米， 能够产生很大的转矩， 因此该桨 叶轮能够高效的将河流、 海洋的潮流能源转换为电能。 本发明所采用的桨叶制造技术成熟， 成本低。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。 附图说明
图 1为本发明一种利用潮流能源的方法的原理图；
图 2为本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备的桨叶轮的旋转原理图；
图 3为本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备的桨叶轮主视剖视图 （横截面为矩形）； 图 4为图 3中沿 B-B方向的剖面图 （安装导流板）；
图 5a为本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备的桨叶轮的桨叶的横截面图；
图 5b为本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备的桨叶轮的桨叶的横截面图（边缘为圆角）; 图 6为本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备的桨叶轮主视剖视图 （截面为梯形）； 图 7为本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备的桨叶轮的右视剖视图 （安装有导流筒）； 图 8为现有技术叶片水轮机的左视图；
图 9为图 1中沿 A-A面的剖面图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1 :
如图 3所示， 本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 包括转轴 31、 支架 32和 8片桨叶 33和发电机， 桨叶 33平行同向的固定连接在支架 32上， 支架 32固定安装在转轴 31上， 8 片桨叶 33分为 4组， 每组中的两片桨叶 33关于转轴 31的轴线对称， 且 8片桨叶 33均匀分 布在以转轴 31为中心的圆周上， 发电机转子的旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴通过电磁耦合器连接。 当然发电机转子的旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴也可以通过链轮连接、 齿轮连接或者皮带轮连接。 结合图 1所示， 其中桨叶 33的形状为机翼形， 桨叶 33的翼型的前缘点 34均向前， 且桨叶 33的翼型的上缘曲线 35所在升力面 36的法线 37正向均为绕转轴 3 1的逆时针方向。 当然， 桨叶 33的升力面 36的法线正向也可以为绕转轴的顺时针方向。
本实施例的工作原理是： 如图 1、 图 2所示， 在水流 1的作用下， 水流 1的流动方向与 转轴 31平行， 机翼型桨叶 33由于其翼型的上缘曲线 35的长度比下缘曲线 39的长度长， 流 经其上缘曲线 35的水流 1的流速要比流经其下缘曲线 39的水流 1的流速快， 根据伯努利原 理， 桨叶 33的上缘曲线 35位置的水压小于桨叶 33的下缘曲线 39位置的水压， 因此桨叶 33 会产生一个升力 F， 每组桨叶中的两片桨叶 33所受的升力 F会形成绕转轴 31旋转的转矩， 通过支架 32，机翼型桨叶 33会带动转轴 31旋转，转轴又带动发电机转子的旋转轴旋转发电。
实施例 2:
如图 4所示， 本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备与实施例 1的不同之处在于在桨叶 41 上还安装有导流板 44， 导流板 44的前端固定连接在桨叶 41的后端， 导流板 44的后端位于 桨叶 41的翼型的下缘曲线 49的一侧， 导流板 44与转轴轴线的夹角 α为 5度至 89度， 优选 40度至 50度， 本实施例中， 夹角 α为 50度。
本实施例中， 在桨叶 41尾部安装导流板 44， 导流板 44与水流 42的流动方向成一定夹 角，当机翼型桨叶 41放置在水流 42中时，会产生升力 F，升力 F与水流 42的流动方向垂直； 同时水流 42会对尾部的导流板 44产生一个推力，这个推力被分解成一个水平分力 F2和一个 垂直分力 Fl， 垂直分力 F 1与水流 42方向垂直， 垂直分力 F1和升力 F同向， 二者形成合力， 增大了旋转的力量。
实施例 3 :
如图 6所示，本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备与实施例 2的不同之处在于桨叶 62的 垂直于转轴轴线的截面的形状为等腰梯形，且等腰梯形的外侧的底边 66比内侧的底边 65长。 桨叶 62通过支架 63与转轴 61相连， 机翼型桨叶 62的截面由原来的长方形变成了梯形， 梯 形可以增加机翼型桨叶 62的截面积， 从而增加升力； 同时， 由于机翼型桨叶 62的面积增加， 两个相邻机翼型桨叶之间的空隙变小，水流通过这些空隙的速度增加，速度增加使升力增加， 升力的增加使转轴 61的旋转力增加， 从而使发电效率增加。
实施例 4:
如图 5b所示，本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备与实施例 3的不同之处在于在每片桨 叶 55的上表面 56的外边缘和内边缘均设置为圆角 57。 如图 5a所示， 机翼型桨叶 51放置在 水流中时会产生升力 Fl， 同时水流也会对机翼型桨叶 51产生阻力 F2，机翼型桨叶 51的上表 面 52的边缘 53均是直角形状。如图 5b所示， 当将桨叶 55的上表面 56的边缘均设置为圆角 57时， 这时机翼型桨叶 55的升力 F1并没有产生多大变化， 但是水流对机翼型桨叶 55产生 的阻力 F2却变小了。这样， 通过改变机翼型桨叶的边缘， 从直角变成圆角减少了水流对机翼 型桨叶的阻力。
实施例 5 :
如图 7所示， 本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备与实施例 4的不同之处在于本实施例 中的桨叶轮还包括有导流筒 70， 转轴 75通过连接板 （图中未示出）安装在导流筒 70上， 连 接板通过轴承安装在转轴 75上， 导流筒 70包括前筒 71、 中筒 72和后筒 73， 前筒 71的直径 大于后筒 73的直径， 中筒 72呈锥形， 中筒 72的大端与前筒 71的后端焊接在一起， 中筒 72 的小端与后筒 73的前端焊接在一起，桨叶轮位于后筒 73内， 且桨叶轮不与后筒 73内表面接 触， 桨叶轮的桨叶 74的前端朝向导流筒 70的前筒。
本实施例中， 在桨叶 74外部设置导流筒 70， 当水流 76从大直径的前筒 71流入， 通过 锥形的中筒 72收缩过度进入小直径的后筒 73， 然后水流 76从后筒 73中流出， 由于桨叶轮 的桨叶 74置于后筒 73内， 水流 76驱动桨叶轮旋转， 桨叶轮通过转轴 75将旋转能量输出。 由于后筒 73的截面积小于前筒 71的截面积，所以水流 76的流速会加快，桨叶轮的旋转力变 大， 转轴 75输出的能量变大。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述， 并非对本发明的范围进行 限定， 在不脱离本发明设计精祌的前提下， 本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的 各种变形和改进， 均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。 工业实用性
本发明一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 将桨叶轮的桨叶设置为机翼形状， 桨叶通过支架 平行同向的固定安装在转轴上， 当将桨叶轮置于河流或潮流中， 当转轴与水流方向平行地安 装在河流或潮流里时， 根据伯努利原理， 水流经过机翼型桨叶的叶面时会产生垂直于转轴的 升力， 形成对转轴的转矩， 由于桨叶的安装方向一致， 所以对转轴转矩的方向均一致， 带动 转轴旋转， 从而带动发电机转子的转轴旋转发电， 由于桨叶受到的升力与桨叶的叶面面积成 正比， 当桨叶的长度为 10-20米， 能够产生很大的转矩， 该发电设备能够高效的利用河流、 海洋的潮流能源。 因此具有很大的市场前景和很强的工业实用性。

Claims

1、 一种利用潮流能源的方法， 包括：
1 )、 准备包括有机翼形桨叶和转轴的装置， 至少两个所述桨叶通过支架平行同向的固 定安装在所述转轴上， 所述每个桨叶的升力面的法线正向均为绕转轴的顺时针方向或逆时针 方向；
2 )、 将该装置放置在海洋或河流中；
3 )、 使该装置的桨叶的翼型的下缘曲线或上缘曲线顺着水流方向。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用潮流能源的方法， 其中步骤 1 )还包括： 将该装置的 转轴与发电机转子的旋转轴传动连接。
3、 一种利用潮流能源发电的设备， 包括转轴、 支架、 至少两个桨叶和发电机， 所述每个 桨叶通过支架平行同向的固定安装在转轴上， 且桨叶分布在以转轴为中心的圆周上， 其特征 在于： 所述桨叶的形状为机翼形， 且桨叶的升力面的法线正向均为绕转轴的顺时针方向或者 均为逆时针方向， 所述发电机转子的旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴传动连接。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 与所述转轴垂直的桨 叶截面的形状为等腰梯形， 等腰梯形的外侧的底边比内侧的底边长。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 所述桨叶的上表面的 外边缘和内边缘均设置为圆角。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 所述桨叶上还安装有 导流板， 所述导流板的前端固定连接在桨叶的后端， 所述导流板的后端位于桨叶的翼型的下 缘曲线的一侧， 所述导流板与转轴轴线的夹角 α为 5度至 89度。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 所述夹角 a为 40度 至 50度。
8、 根据权利要求 3-7任一项所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 还包括导流 筒， 所述导流筒通过连接板安装在转轴上， 连接板旋转地套装在转轴上， 导流筒包括前筒、 中筒和后筒， 前筒的直径大于后筒的直径， 所述中筒呈锥形， 中筒的大端与前筒的后端固定 连接， 中筒的小端与后筒的前端固定连接， 所述桨叶轮位于后筒内， 且桨叶轮不与后筒内表 面接触， 所述桨叶轮的桨叶的前端朝向导流筒的前筒。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 所述发电机转子的旋 转轴与桨叶轮的转轴通过电磁耦合器连接。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的利用潮流能源发电的设备， 其特征在于： 所述发电机转子的 旋转轴与桨叶轮的转轴的连接方式为链轮连接、 齿轮连接或者皮带轮连接。
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