WO2012058858A1 - 单极无弧永磁交流接触器 - Google Patents
单极无弧永磁交流接触器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012058858A1 WO2012058858A1 PCT/CN2011/001390 CN2011001390W WO2012058858A1 WO 2012058858 A1 WO2012058858 A1 WO 2012058858A1 CN 2011001390 W CN2011001390 W CN 2011001390W WO 2012058858 A1 WO2012058858 A1 WO 2012058858A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- phase
- control circuit
- contact
- module
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
- H01H50/20—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
- H01H50/30—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock, e.g. by balancing of armature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
- H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
- H01H50/34—Means for adjusting limits of movement; Mechanical means for adjusting returning force
Definitions
- the invention relates to an AC contactor switch, in particular to a single pole arcless permanent magnet AC contactor. Background technique
- the low-voltage switches that can be used for remote control which are widely used in industrial and agricultural production, can be summarized into the following categories:
- the structure is as follows: One or more combined thyristors of each phase of the three phases and the in-phase voltage zero-crossing, and the load current zero-crossing detection trigger control circuit is packaged in the casing, so it is called a solid state switch. When used, it is connected in series with the load in each phase of the power supply. Due to the thyristor switching characteristics, the conduction is triggered when the voltage of each phase is zero, and is turned off when the load current is zero to ensure the safe operation of each group of thyristors.
- the switching characteristics of the thyristor are completed by the opening and blocking of the inner conductive layer, there is no arc and the action speed is fast, generally several tens of ns, which is usually several tens to several hundred ms than the mechanical switch. , an order of magnitude faster.
- the action speed is fast, and the arc-free switching is the biggest advantage of the solid-state switch. Therefore, in some places where the load current is large, the action is frequent, and the flammable and explosive places are used, the solid-state switch is used more.
- the thyristor is turned on, it has a voltage drop of 1. 5V. Its own energy consumption is equal to 1. 5V X load current. The higher the current, the higher the energy consumption.
- Heat dissipation is a big problem that solid-state switches can't ignore.
- it is necessary to add some heat-dissipating facilities (such as strong ventilation or water cooling), which brings inconvenience to the application.
- It is of course possible to use multiple thyristors in parallel to reduce their voltage drop, but to double the price of the switch and increase the corresponding control difficulty.
- the load current reverse leakage current
- the grounding resistance of the system is large, the ground voltage (tens of volts to hundreds of volts) is generated.
- the human touches the load it will There is a feeling of electric power, which has an impact on personal safety.
- the mechanical switch with the same current capacity is connected in parallel with the solid state switch, and then connected in series with the load in the three-phase power supply.
- the advantage of using a solid-state switch is that it does not illuminate the arc, that is, the voltage across each phase is turned on and the current is zero-blocked.
- the advantage that the main contact of the mechanical switch does not consume energy overcomes the problem that the solid switch itself conducts heat and consumes heat. In the motion control, after the solid switch is turned on first, the mechanical switch is closed again; when disconnected, the mechanical switch must be disconnected first, and the solid switch is blocked when the load current is zero.
- the disadvantage of the composite switch is that it is not economical, and the two switches complete a control, especially the solid state switch. It has a short time to start and disconnect, and it is useless for a long time. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the control of the above two switches to coordinate work.
- the single-pole arcless permanent magnet AC contactor is composed of three separate phase contactors adopting a single-pole mechanical structure and an independent operating mechanism;
- the contactor comprises a housing, a static contact, and a movable contact; the upper and lower chambers of the housing 2 are fixed, the static contact 1 is fixed inside the upper end of the housing, and the housing 2 between the two static contacts 1 is left.
- a movable contact moving channel 13; a permanent magnet 8 and an electronic module 12 are fixed in the upper cavity of the housing; an operating mechanism is disposed in the lower cavity of the housing, and the operating mechanism comprises a soft iron core 4, a coil bobbin 5 and a winding mechanism 6 wound around the bobbin, the bobbin 5 is sleeved on the soft iron core 4 and fixed to the lower chamber of the housing; corresponding to the soft iron core, the upper and lower chambers are connected in the housing for soft a through hole for moving the iron core 4 up and down, a reaction force spring 3 is disposed between the soft iron core 4 and the bobbin 5; a top end of the soft iron core 4 is connected to a connecting rod 9, and the upper end of the connecting rod is set as an upwardly open hollow body
- the movable contact 10 is disposed in the cavity; the movable contact 10 is connected to a fixing pin 16,
- the hollow body of the connecting rod 9 is provided with a pin movable hole 18 which is matched with the fixing pin
- the electronic module 12 takes one phase as one main control circuit module according to the input three-phase alternating current power supply mode, and takes two phases as one slave control circuit respectively.
- the slave control circuit module comprises a low voltage regulated power supply, a phase "1" signal circuit, a pull-in circuit, a disconnect circuit and a corresponding operating mechanism coil;
- the pull-in circuit comprises a phase voltage sampling circuit, a voltage zero crossing a detecting circuit, a pick-up time correcting circuit, a photoelectric coupling circuit and a pick-up switch for supplying a forward current to the corresponding operating mechanism coil;
- the breaking circuit comprising a phase current sampling circuit, a current zero-crossing detecting circuit, and a disconnection a time correction circuit, an AND circuit, a photoelectric coupling circuit and an open switch for supplying a reverse current to the corresponding operating mechanism coil;
- the low voltage regulated power supply supplies power to the pull-in circuit and the open circuit
- the phase "1" signal circuit provides a phase signal;
- the main control circuit module includes a low voltage regulated power supply, a phase "1" signal circuit, a pull-in circuit, a disconnect circuit, and a corresponding operating mechanism coil, which are the same as the slave control circuit block circuit structure, and includes a phase failure.
- the phase failure judging circuit uses the NAND gate circuit as the second NAND gate circuit; the output ends of the first NAND gate circuit and the second NAND gate circuit are respectively connected to the input end of the OR gate circuit; The output end of the gate circuit is connected to the AND circuit input end of the slave control circuit module and the AND circuit input end of the main control circuit module; the input end of the main regulated power supply is activated
- the button is connected to the corresponding phase power supply, and the output terminal is respectively connected to the pull-in switch and the open switch of the slave control circuit module,
- the contact surface of the fixed contact and the movable contact is a 45 degree angled bevel.
- auxiliary Contact bump 17 In the single pole arc permanent magnet AC contactor, the outer side of the lower end of the hollow body of the connecting rod is provided with auxiliary Contact bump 17.
- the permanent magnets 8 are provided with two pieces symmetrically fixed on both sides of the movable contact moving passage 13.
- a latching optocoupler circuit is respectively disposed in the slave control circuit module and the main control circuit module, and the input ends of each latching optocoupler circuit are combined with the main control circuit module or The output end of the gate circuit is connected, and the output end of the latching optocoupler circuit of the slave control circuit module is connected to the optocoupler circuit of the slave control circuit module; the output end of the latching optocoupler circuit of the main control circuit module is connected to the optocoupler circuit of the main control circuit module.
- the working principle and process of the present invention are: when the phase voltage sampling circuit samples and sends a pull-in command through the voltage zero-crossing detection circuit for zero-crossing, the pull-in time correction circuit calculates the time required for the advance operation mechanism to complete, and then passes through the pull-in circuit.
- the photoelectric coupling circuit and the suction switch send a forward current to the coil of the operating mechanism, so that the upper magnetic pole of the soft iron core is opposite to the magnetic pole of the lower surface of the permanent magnet, and the soft iron core moves upward due to the attraction of the opposite sex.
- the movable contact and the fixed contact are closed, and the soft iron core is held by the permanent magnet.
- the disconnection time correction circuit calculates the time required for the advance operation mechanism to complete, and then opens the circuit.
- the photoelectric coupling circuit and the open switch output a reverse current to the operating mechanism coil, so that the magnetic pole of the upper end of the soft iron chip is the same as the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet, and under the action of the same-sex repulsive, plus the action of the reaction spring, the soft The iron core moves down quickly and drives the moving contact to open.
- phase capacitor switching phase capacitor switching
- three-pole three-phase switching
- four-pole three-phase and N simultaneous switching
- five-pole motor starting, etc.
- the electronic module in its independent 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 contactor ensures the switching voltage is zero-crossed in practical applications.
- the current is zero crossing.
- the moving and static contact adopts a 45-degree angled surface contact, thereby increasing the contact surface, and the structure is simple and favorable for opening and closing.
- the operating mechanism adopts the top pressure type movement mode, the soft iron core moves, and the permanent magnets maintain, so that the dynamic and static contacts maintain a certain contact pressure and contact area.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mechanical structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the connecting rod portion of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
- the single pole arcless permanent magnet AC contactor is a combination of three separate phase contactors with a single pole mechanical structure and a separate operating mechanism.
- the phase contactor mainly comprises a housing 2, a static contact 1, and a movable contact 10.
- the housing 2 has two upper and lower chambers, and the static contact 1 is fixed inside the upper end of the housing, and the housing 2 between the two static contacts 1 has a movable contact movement passage 13.
- a permanent magnet 8 and an electronic module 12 are fixed in the upper chamber of the housing.
- the permanent magnet 8 is provided with two pieces which are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the movable contact moving passage 13.
- the swaying mechanism includes a soft iron core 4, a bobbin 5, and a winding
- the operating mechanism coil 6 on the bobbin is sleeved on the soft iron core 4 and fixed to the lower chamber of the housing.
- a through hole communicating with the upper and lower chambers for moving the soft iron core 4 up and down is provided in the casing, and a reaction force spring 3 is disposed between the soft iron core 4 and the bobbin 5.
- the top end of the soft iron core 4 is connected to a connecting rod 9, and the upper end of the connecting rod is set as a hollow body with an upward opening, and the movable contact 10 is disposed in the hollow body. As shown in FIG.
- the movable contact 10 is connected with a fixing pin 16, and the hollow body of the connecting rod 9 is provided with a pin movable hole 18 which is clearance-fitted with the fixing pin 16 and moves the fixing pin up and down to limit the position.
- An overtravel spring 11 is provided between the 10 and the connecting rod 9.
- An auxiliary contact protrusion 17 is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the hollow body of the connecting rod 9.
- the contact surface of the fixed contact and the movable contact is a 45-degree angled slope. Thereby increasing the contact surface thereof, and the structure is simple, and the opening and closing is favorable.
- the electronic module in the phase contactor connected to the phase B is set as a main control circuit module, and the phase A and phase C are taken.
- the electronic modules in the connected phase contactors are each set as a slave control circuit module.
- the slave control circuit module includes a low voltage regulated power supply, a phase "1" signal circuit, a pull-in circuit, a disconnect circuit, and a corresponding operating mechanism coil.
- the pull-in circuit includes a phase voltage sampling circuit, a voltage zero-crossing detecting circuit, a pull-in time correcting circuit, a photoelectric coupling circuit, and a pull-off switch for supplying a forward current to the corresponding operating mechanism coil of each phase.
- the disconnecting circuit includes a phase current sampling circuit, a current zero-crossing detecting circuit, an off-time correction circuit, an AND gate circuit, a photoelectric coupling circuit and an open switch for supplying a reverse current to each corresponding operating mechanism coil .
- the low-voltage regulated power supply supplies power to the pull-up circuit and the open circuit, and provides a phase signal for the phase-taking "1" signal circuit, and the low-voltage regulated power supply is a 12V regulated power supply.
- the main control circuit module includes a low voltage regulated power supply having the same circuit structure as the slave control circuit module, a phase "1" signal circuit, a pull-in circuit, a disconnect circuit, and a corresponding operating mechanism coil, and includes a phase failure determining circuit.
- One end of the normally closed contact of the protection trip 19 and the normally closed contact of the stop button 20 is connected to the low voltage regulated power supply of the main control circuit module, and the other end is connected to the input end of the first NAND circuit.
- Two slave control The phase of the "1" signal circuit of the circuit module and the phase of the "1" signal circuit of the main control circuit module are connected to the input terminal of the phase failure determining circuit.
- the phase failure judging circuit uses a NAND gate circuit as a second NAND gate circuit.
- the outputs of the first NAND circuit and the second NAND circuit are respectively connected to the input ends of the one-gate circuit.
- the OR gate output is connected to the AND circuit input end of the two slave control circuit modules and the AND circuit input end of the main control circuit module.
- the main regulated power supply is a 200V regulated power supply, and the input end thereof is connected to the corresponding B-phase power supply via a start button, and the output end is respectively connected to the pull-in switch and the open switch of the slave control circuit module, and the main control circuit module is sucked. Switch on and off.
- the main control circuit module and the slave control module are connected to each other by a plurality of terminals that are led out to the housing.
- the main regulated power supply when the start button is pressed (and self-protected), the main regulated power supply has 200V voltage respectively sent to the three-phase pull-in switch and the open switch, and is also sent to the three-phase pull-in command.
- the phase voltage is sampled, and the voltage detection starts at zero.
- the triggering pulse is corrected according to the moving time of the moving contact.
- a modified trigger pulse is sent to the pull-in switch, and the pull-in switch is turned on to the operation of the phase.
- the coil of the mechanism outputs a forward current, so that the upper magnetic pole of the corresponding soft iron core is opposite to the magnetic pole of the lower surface of the permanent magnet.
- the soft iron core moves upward, and the movable contact and the static contact are closed, and the soft iron core is The permanent magnet is held by it. That is, ensure that the moving and stationary contacts are attracted when the phase voltage crosses zero.
- the overtravel spring 11 causes the movable contact 10 to be pressed upward when the movable contact 10 and the fixed contact 1 are closed, so that the moving contact 10 and the fixed contact 1 are more closely fitted.
- a latching optocoupler circuit is further disposed in each of the two slave control circuit modules and the main control circuit module, and the input ends of each latching optocoupler circuit are connected with the OR gate circuit output end of the main control circuit module, and the slave control circuit module is blocked.
- the output end of the optocoupler circuit is connected to the optocoupler circuit of the slave control circuit module; the output end of the latching diaphragm circuit of the main control circuit module is connected to the optocoupler circuit of the main control circuit module. Setting the latching optocoupler further ensures the reliability of the pull-in condition.
- the switch In the main control circuit module and the slave control module of the single-pole arcless permanent magnet AC contactor, the switch is opened and two conditions are met: First, the main contact can be disconnected when the load current of each phase is zero. Second, it is necessary to have different forms of disconnection instructions, such as stop, load protection action requires the power to be cut off, phase failure occurs in the three phases, and the main contact jumps after the power failure. Moreover, the three phases are synchronized, and various disconnection commands are issued by the main control circuit module or the gate circuit.
- the normally closed contact and the stop button of the protection trip are connected to the low voltage regulated power supply in the main control circuit module, and the other end is connected to the first NAND circuit, as long as the two are disconnected, the first and the second The gate output is "1".
- the three-phase corresponding phase "1" circuit is simultaneously applied to the input terminal of the second NAND gate circuit (ie, the phase failure judgment circuit) of the three-terminal input. As long as there is a phase failure, the second NAND gate outputs a "1" signal.
- Two NAND gate output signals are connected to the two input terminals of the OR circuit, that is, whether the phase is broken or the protection trips, the stop button acts, or the gate outputs a "1" signal, and the circuit is disconnected from each phase.
- the gates are connected. This completes the phase-off signal conditions of each phase to ensure three-phase synchronization.
- the disconnection signal of each phase outputs a reverse current to the corresponding operating mechanism coil through the photoelectric coupling circuit and the open switch in the disconnecting circuit, so that the upper magnetic pole of the corresponding soft iron chip is permanent
- the magnetic poles of the magnet are the same. Under the action of the same-sex repulsive force and the action of the reaction force spring, the soft iron core moves quickly downwards, which drives the movable contact to open.
- the reaction force spring 3 is used for upward contraction so that the soft iron core 4 is applied with a downward pulling force, so that the movable contact 10 can be made to move more quickly when the movable contact 10 is opened.
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Description
单极无弧永磁交流接触器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种交流接触器开关， 具体是一种单极无弧永磁交流接触器。 背景技术
现在被工农业生产广泛应用的可做远程控制的低压开关， 可归纳为以下 几大类：
一、 机械式开关：
各种型式的交流接触器、 继电器等。 其机械结构形式为， 在一个操动机 构操动下， 由一个连杆拉动三相主触头一块吸合或断开。 因此无法做到每相 都在电压过零时吸合， 负载电流过零时断开。 所以主触头动作时起弧是现今 机械式开关的致命弱点。 在实际应用中， 因为弧光烧蚀作用， 不仅使接触器 的电气寿命与机械寿命成十倍之差， 而随着使用环境的不同， 电气使用寿命 还要大打折扣， 可由十几万次下降到几万次， 甚至严重到几千次。 更为严重 是在弧光作用下， 使主触头出现悍住而跳不开， 引发生产事故， 使企业遭受 很大的经济损失。 同时， 弧光电流也易对电网造成冲击， 与杂波污染干扰其 他电器、 仪表可靠工作。
机械式开关因为主触头吸合时为金属性接触， 电阻很少不耗能， 这是其 最大优势。 同时还具有结构简单、 直观、 维修使用方便， 价格便宜。 尽管存 在有起弧的缺陷， 但仍被现代工业企业 （包括发达国家） 所接受， 并继续大 量使用。
近十几年内， 国内出现了永磁式交流接触器， 使交流接触器的使用特性 向前推进了一大歩。一节能—、 无¾声、 不受网电压干扰， 线圈不发热， 主触头
无抖动现象， 吸合开断迅速等， 但仍未解决主触头动作无弧的问题。 二、 固体开关：
随着电力电子的飞速发展， 尤其大功率的晶闸管的出现， 固体开关应运 而生。 其结构形式为： 三相每相一个或多个组合的晶闸管与同相电压过零， 负载电流过零检测触发控制电路一块封装在壳体里， 故被称为固体开关。 使 用时， 分别与负载串联于每相电源中， 由于晶闸管开关特性要求， 做到在每 相电压为零时触发导通， 在负载电流为零时关断， 以确保每组晶闸管的安全 运行。 因为晶闸管的开关特性， 是通过其内部的导电层的开通与阻断而完成 的， 故无弧而且动作速度快， 一般为几十 ns 级， 比机械开关一般在几十〜几 百 ms 级）， 快一个数量级。 动作速度快， 通断无弧是固体开关的最大优势。 因此在一些负载电流较大、 动作频繁、 易燃易爆的场所， 固体开关采用较多。 但因为晶闸管在导通时， 自身大约有 1. 5V的压降， 其自身能耗等于 1. 5V X负 载电流， 电流越大能耗越高， 散热是固体开关不能忽略的一个大问题。 在较 大电流场所， 要增加一些散热设施 （如强通风冷或水冷）， 故给应用带来诸多 不便。 当然可以采用多个晶闸管并联以减少其压降， 但使开关价格成倍增长， 和增加相应控制难度。另一方面， 固体开关关断时不能彻底切除负载电流（反 向泄漏电流）， 当系统接地电阻较大时， 就产生对地电压 （几十伏至上百伏）， 人接触负载时， 就会出现麻电感觉， 给人身安全造成影响。
三、 复合开关：
即把电流容量相同的机械开关与固体开关并联起来， 再与负载串联接于 三相电源中。 利用固体开关不起弧的长处， 即在每相电压过零导通， 电流过 零阻断。 用机械开关主触头不耗能的优点， 克服固体开关自身导通耗能发热 的问题。 在动作控制上， 固体开关先导通后， 机械开关再闭合； 断开时， 机 械开关要先断开， 固体开关在负载电流为零时阻断。
复合开关的缺点是不经济， 甩两个开关完成一种控制， 尤其固体开关只
有在启动和断开的短时间起作用， 长时间无用。 同时还要增加上述两个开关 协调工作的控制。
以上各种幵关均不能够在主触头动作无弧、 散热、 成本过高、 寿命短、 污染性大等问题以上得到统一解决。
而且， 现有的各种型号的交流接触器， 都是三相一块控制， 三相主触头 一块闭合与断开， 所以主触头动作起弧问题一直是一个难以解决的大问题。 由于弧光烧蚀作用的存在， 不仅使交流接触器的电寿命大为减少， 而且由于 触头有时悍住， 切断不了电源而引发各种事故， 给企业带来很大的经济损失。 发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺点， 本发明的目的在于提供一种主触头 动作无弧、 散热好、 成本低廉、 寿命长、 污染性少的单极无弧永磁交流接触 器。
为解决上述问题， 本发明采用以下技术方案： 该单极无弧永磁交流接触 器， 由三个采用单极机械结构和独立操动机构的单独的相接触器组合而成； 所述的相接触器包括壳体、 静触头、 动触头； 壳体 2内为上下两腔， 静触头 1 固设在壳体的上端内部， 两个静触头 1之间的壳体 2留有一动触头运动通道 13； 壳体的上腔内固设有永磁体 8和电子模块 12; 壳体的下腔内设置操动机 构， 所述操动机构包括软铁芯 4、线圈架 5及绕置在线圈架上的操动机构线圈 6， 线圈架 5套置在软铁芯 4上且固定于壳体下腔； 与所述软铁芯对应在壳体 内设有连通上下腔以供软铁芯 4上下活动的通孔， 软铁芯 4与线圈架 5之间 设有反力弹簧 3; 软铁芯 4的顶端连接一连杆 9， 该连杆上端设为向上开口的 空腔体， 所述动触头 1 0设置在该空腔体内； 动触头 1 0连接一固定销钉 16， 连杆 9的空腔体上设有与固定销钉 16间隙配合且对固定销钉上下移动限位的 销钉活动孔 18， 动触头 10与连杆 9之间设有超程弹簧 11。
作为本发明的进一步的技术方案：
在该单极无弧永磁交流接触器中， 所述电子模块 12在按照输入的三相交 流供电方式中， 取一相设为一个主控制电路模块， 取两相分别设为一个从属 控制电路模块；
' 所述从属控制电路模块包括低压稳压电源、 相取 " 1 "信号电路、 吸合电 路、 断开电路和对应的操动机构线圈； 所述吸合电路包括相电压取样电路、 电压过零检测电路、 吸合时间修正电路、 光电耦合电路和吸合开关， 用于向 对应的操动机构线圈提供正向电流； 所述断开电路包括相电流取样电路、 电 流过零检测电路、 断开时间修正电路、 与门电路、 光电耦合电路和断开开关， 用于向对应的操动机构线圈提供反向电流； 所述低压稳压电源为上述吸合电 路、 断开电路提供电源， 为所述相取 " 1 "信号电路提供相信号；
所述主控制电路模块除包括与从属控制电路模块电路结构相同的低压稳 压电源、 相取 " 1 "信号电路、 吸合电路、 断开电路、对应的操动机构线圈外, 还包括断相判断电路、 主稳压电源、 保护跳闸和停止按钮、 启动按钮； 保护 跳闸的常闭接点与停止按钮常闭接点的一端与主控制电路模块的低压稳压电 源相接， 另一端与第一与非门电路输入端相接； 所述从属控制电路模块的相 取 " 1 "信号电路输出端、 主控制电路模块的相取 " 1 "信号电路输出端连接 所述断相判断电路的输入端； 所述断相判断电路采用与非门电路记为第二与 非门电路； 第一与非门电路、 第二与非门电路的输出端分别接入一或门电路 的输入端； 所述或门电路输出端连接从属控制电路模块的与门电路输入端、 主控制电路模块的与门电路输入端； 所述主稳压电源的输入端经启动按钮接 入对应的相电源， 输出端分别连接从属控制电路模块的的吸合开关和断开开 关、 主控制电路模块的吸合开关和断开开关。
在该单极无弧永磁交流接触器中， 静触头与动触头两者相配合的接触面 为 45度角的斜面。
在该单极 弧永磁交流接触器中， 所述连杆的空腔体下端外侧设有辅助
触点凸头 17。
在该单极无弧永磁交流接触器中， 所述永磁体 8 设置有两块， 对称固设 在动触头运动通道 13的两侧。
在该单极无弧永磁交流接触器中， 所述从属控制电路模块、 主控制电路 模块中分别设置一闭锁光耦电路， 各闭锁光耦电路的输入端均与主控制电路 模块中的或门电路输出端连接， 从属控制电路模块的闭锁光耦电路输出端连 接从属控制电路模块的光电耦合电路； 主控制电路模块的闭锁光耦电路输出 端连接主控制电路模块的光电耦合电路。
本发明的工作原理和过程是： 当相电压取样电路取样后发出吸合指令经 电压过零检测电路过零， 吸合时间修正电路计算提前操动机构完成所需的时 间， 然后通过吸合电路中的光电耦合电路和吸合开关向操动机构线圈送入一 个正向电流， 使所述软铁芯上端感应磁极与永磁体下表面磁极相反， 由于异 性相吸， 从而软铁芯向上运动， 带动动触头与静触头闭合， 软铁芯并被永磁 体吸持住。 当相电压取样电路取样后发送断开指令 （包括保护动作）， 再经内 部电流过零检测到过零时， 断开时间修正电路计算提前操动机构完成所需的 时间， 然后通过断开电路中的光电耦合电路和断开开关向操动机构线圈输出 一个反向电流， 使软铁芯片上端磁极与永磁体磁极相同， 在同性相斥的作用 下， 再加上反力弹簧的作用， 软铁芯快速向下运动， 带动动触头断开。
上述即为该交流接触器完成无弧吸合与断开的过程。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、 采用了单极机械结构和独立的操动机构， 可做到分相通断， 为组合成 多极交流接触器的无弧具备了结构基础。 实际应用中， 可灵活的组合成单极
(相电容投切）、 三极 （三相投切）、 四极 （三相与 N同时投切）、 五极 （电机 启动等） 交流接触器。
2、其独立的¾¾触器中的电子模块，在实际应用中确保开关电压过零合，
在电流过零断开。
3、 动静触头采用 45度角斜面接触， 从而增大接触面， 并且结构简单， 有利开合。
4、 操动机构采用顶压式运动方式， 软铁芯动， 永磁体保持， 使动静触头 保持一定的接触压力与接触面积。
它主要消除了交流接触器主触头动作起弧； 还提高了交流接触器的电气 寿命（接近于机械式开关的寿命）， 减少了运行中的事故和对电网的冲击与杂 波污染， 减少了运营和生产成本， 而且安装便捷。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明：
附图 1为本发明实施例的机械结构示意图，
附图 2为图 1中连杆部分的结构示意图，
附图 3为本发明实施例的电路原理框图。
图中： 1静触头， 2壳体， 3反力弹簧， 4软铁芯， 5线圈架， 6操动机构 线圈， 8永磁体， 9连杆， 10动触头， 11超程弹簧， 12电子模块， 13动触头 运动通道， 16固定销钉， 17辅助触点凸头， 18销钉活动孔， 19保护跳闸， 20停止按钮， 21启动按钮。
具体实施方式
该单极无弧永磁交流接触器由三个采用单极机械结构和独立操动机构的 单独的相接触器组合而成。
如图 1所示， 其相接触器主要包括壳体 2、 静触头 1、 动触头 10。 壳体 2 内为上下两腔， 静触头 1固设在壳体的上端内部， 两个静触头 1之间的壳体 2 留有一动触头运动通道 13。 壳体的上腔内固设有永磁体 8和电子模块 12。 永 磁体 8设置有两块， 对称固设在动触头运动通道 13的两侧。
壳体的下腔内设置操动机构，？喿动机构包括软铁芯 4、线圈架 5及绕置在
线圈架上的操动机构线圈 6， 线圈架 5套置在软铁芯 4上且固定于壳体下腔。 与软铁芯 4对应在壳体内设有连通上下腔以供软铁芯 4上下活动的通孔， 软 铁芯 4与线圈架 5之间设有反力弹簧 3。 软铁芯 4的顶端连接一连杆 9， 该连 杆上端设为向上幵口的空腔体， 动触头 1 0设置在该空腔体内。 如图 2所示， 动触头 1 0连接一固定销钉 16， 连杆 9的空腔体上设有与固定销钉 16间隙配 合且对固定销钉上下移动限位的销钉活动孔 18，动触头 10与连杆 9之间设有 超程弹簧 11。 连杆 9的空腔体下端外侧设有辅助触点凸头 17。
该相接触器中， 静触头与动触头两者相配合的接触面为 45度角的斜面。 从而增大其接触面， 并且结构简单， 有利开合。
如图 3所示， 所述电子模块 12在按照输入的三相交流供电方式中， 取 B 相所连接的相接触器中的电子模块设为一个主控制电路模块，取 A相、 C相所 连接的相接触器中的电子模块分别设为一个从属控制电路模块。
从属控制电路模块包括低压稳压电源、 相取 " 1 "信号电路、 吸合电路、 断开电路和对应的操动机构线圈。 所述吸合电路包括相电压取样电路、 电压 过零检测电路、 吸合时间修正电路、 光电耦合电路和吸合幵关， 用于向各相 对应的操动机构线圈提供正向电流。 所述断开电路包括相电流取样电路、 电 流过零检测电路、 断开时间修正电路、 与门电路、 光电耦合电路和断开开关， 用于向各相对应的操动机构线圈提供反向电流。 所述低压稳压电源为上述吸 合电路、 断开电路提供电源， 为所述相取 " 1 "信号电路提供相信号， 该低压 稳压电源为 12V稳压电源。
主控制电路模块除包括与从属控制电路模块电路结构相同的低压稳压电 源、 相取 " 1 "信号电路、 吸合电路、 断开电路、 对应的操动机构线圈外， 还 包括断相判断电路、 主稳压电源、 保护跳闸 19和停止按钮 20、 启动按钮 21。 保护跳闸 19的常闭接点与停止按钮 20的常闭接点的一端与主控制电路模块 低压稳压电源枏接， 另一端与第一与非门电路输入端相接。 两从属控制电
路模块的相取 " 1 "信号电路输出端、 主控制电路模块的相取 " 1 "信号电路 输出端连接所述断相判断电路的输入端。 所述断相判断电路采用与非门电路 记为第二与非门电路。 第一与非门电路、 第二与非门电路的输出端分别接入 一或门电路的输入端。 所述或门电路输出端连接两个从属控制电路模块的与 门电路输入端、 主控制电路模块的与门电路输入端。 所述主稳压电源为 200V 稳压电源， 其输入端经启动按钮接入对应的 B相电源， 输出端分别连接从属 控制电路模块的的吸合开关和断开开关、 主控制电路模块的吸合开关和断开 开关。
所述主要控制电路模块和从属控制模块之间通过引出到壳体的若干端子 进行相互连接。
该单极无弧永磁交流接触器的工作原理如下：
主控制电路模块中， 当按下启动按钮 （并自保）， 主稳压电源有 200V 电 压分别发给三相的吸合开关和断开开关， 也相当发给三相吸合指令， 经各相 电压取样， 电压检测过零开始， 按动触头动作时间超前修正其触发脉冲， 经 过光电耦合电路光电隔离后给吸合开关发出修正的触发脉冲， 吸合开关导通 给所在相的操动机构线圈输出正向电流， 使对应的软铁芯上端感应磁极与永 磁体下表面磁极相反， 由于异性相吸， 从而软铁芯向上运动， 带动动触头与 静触头闭合， 软铁芯被永磁体吸持住。 即确保动触头和静触头是在相电压过 零时吸合。超程弹簧 11在动触头 10和静触头 1闭合时使得动触头 10受到向 上的压力， 这样动触头 10和静触头 1之间贴合更加紧密。
两从属控制电路模块、 及主控制电路模块中分别还设置一闭锁光耦电路， 各闭锁光耦电路的输入端均与主控制电路模块中的或门电路输出端连接， 从 属控制电路模块的闭锁光耦电路输出端连接从属控制电路模块的光电耦合电 路； 主控制电路模块的闭锁光瑀电路输出端连接主控制电路模块的光电耦合 电路。 设置闭锁光耦 路可进一步保证吸合条件的可靠性。
该单极无弧永磁交流接触器的主控制电路模块、 从属控制模块中， 断开 开关动作， 同时需要满足两个条件： 一是要满足各相负载电流过零时主触头 才能断开， 二是需要有不同形式断开指令， 如停止、 负载保护动作要求切断 电源， 三相中出现断相， 和停电后主触头跳开。 而且三相要同步， 各种断开 指令由主控制电路模块中或门电路发出。
保护跳闸的常闭接点与停止按钮常闭接点一端与主控制电路模块中低压 稳压电源相接， 另一端与第一与非门电路相接， 只要两者有一路断开， 第一 与非门电路输出为 " 1 "。 三相对应的相取 " 1 " 电路同时都加在三端输入的第 二与非门电路 （即断相判断电路） 输入端， 只要有一根断相， 第二与非门就 输出 " 1 "信号。 两个与非门电路输出信号并接入或门电路两输入端， 即不论 是断相或是保护跳闸、 停止按钮动作， 或门都输出 " 1 "信号， 并与各相断开 电路的与门电路相接。 这样完成各相断开信号条件， 保证三相同步。 满足断 开信号条件后， 各相的断开信号通过其断开电路中的光电耦合电路和断开开 关向对应的操动机构线圈输出一个反向电流， 使对应的软铁芯片上端磁极与 永磁体磁极相同， 在同性相斥的作用下， 再加上反力弹簧的作用， 软铁芯快 速向下运动， 带动动触头断开。
在软铁芯 4向上运动时反力弹簧 3用于向上紧缩使得软铁芯 4被施加向下 的拉力， 这样在动触头 10断开时能够使得动触头动作更加迅速。
Claims
1、 单极无弧永磁交流接触器， 其特征是： 由三个采用单极机械结构和独 立操动机构的单独的相接触器组合而成； 所述的相接触器包括壳体、 静触头、 动触头； 其特征是： 壳体 （2 ) 内为上下两腔， 静触头（1)固设在壳体的上端 内部， 两个静触头（1)之间的壳体 (2)留有一动触头运动通道 （13 ); 壳体的上 腔内固设有永磁体 （8) 和电子模块 （12); 壳体的下腔内设置操动机构， 所 述操动机构包括软铁芯 （4)、 线圈架 （5) 及绕置在线圈架上的操动机构线圈
(6 )， 线圈架 （5 ) 套置在软铁芯 （4) 上且固定于壳体下腔； 与所述软铁芯 对应在壳体内设有连通上下腔以供软铁芯 （4) 上下活动的通孔， 软铁芯 （4) 与线圈架 （5) 之间设有反力弹簧 （3); 软铁芯 （4) 的顶端连接一连杆 （9)， 该连杆上端设为向上开口的空腔体， 所述动触头 （ 1 0) 设置在该空腔体内； 动触头 （ 1 0) 连接一固定销钉 （16)， 连杆 （9) 的空腔体上设有与固定销钉
( 16 )间隙配合且对固定销钉上下移动限位的销钉活动孔（18)， 动触头（10) 与连杆 （9) 之间设有超程弹簧 （11 )。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的单极无弧永磁交流接触器， 其特征是： 所述电 子模块 （12 ) 在按照输入的三相交流供电方式中， 取一相所连接的相接触器 中的电子模块设为一个主控制电路模块， 取另外两相所连接的相接触器中的 电子模块分别设为一个从属控制电路模块；
所述从属控制电路模块包括低压稳压电源、 相取 " 1 "信号电路、 吸合电 路、 断开电路和对应的操动机构线圈； 所述吸合电路包括相电压取样电路、 电压过零检测电路、 吸合时间修正电路、 光电耦合电路和吸合开关， 用于向 对应的操动机构线圈提供正向电流； 所述断升 路包括相电流取样电路、 电 流过零检测电路、 断开时间修正电路、 与门电路、 光电耦合电路和断开开关， 用于向对应的操动机构线圈提供反向电流； 所述低压稳压电源为上逑吸合电 路、 断开电路提供电源， 为所述相取 " 1 "信号电路提供相信号；
所述主控制电路模块除包括与从属控制电路模块电路结构相同的低压稳 压电源、 相取 " 1 "信号电路、 吸合电路、 断开电路、 对应的操动机构线圈外， 还包括断相判断电路、 主稳压电源、 保护跳闸和停止按钮、 启动按钮； 保护 跳闸的常闭接点与停止按钮常闭接点的一端与主控制电路模块的低压稳压电 源相接， 另一端与第一与非门电路输入端相接； 所述从属控制电路模块的相 取 " 1 "信号电路输出端、 主控制电路模块的相取 " 1 "信号电路输出端连接 所述断相判断电路的输入端； 所述断相判断电路采用与非门电路记为第二与 非门电路； 第一与非门电路、 第二与非门电路的输出端分别接入一或门电路 的输入端； 所述或门电路输出端连接从属控制电路模块的与门电路输入端、 主控制电路模块的与门电路输入端； 所述主稳压电源的输入端经启动按钮接 入对应的相电源， 输出端分别连接从属控制电路模块的的吸合开关和断开开 关、 主控制电路模块的吸合开关和断开开关。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的单极无弧永磁交流接触器， 其特征是： 静触头 与动触头两者相配合的接触面为 45度角的斜面。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的单极无弧永磁交流接触器， 其特征是： 所述连 杆的空腔体下端外侧设有辅助触点凸头 （17)。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的单极无弧永磁交流接触器， 其特征是： 所述永 磁体 （8 ) 设置有两块， 对称固设在动触头运动通道 （13) 的两侧。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的单极无弧永磁交流接触器， 其特征是： 所述从 属控制电路模块、 主控制电路模块中分别设置一闭锁光耦电路， 各闭锁光耦 电路的输入端均与主控制电路模块中的或门电路输出端连接， 从属控制电路 模块的闭锁光耦电路输出端连接从属控制电路模块的光电耦合电路； 主控制 电路模块的闭锁光耦电路输出端连接主控制电路模块的光电稱合电路。
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| CN2074052U (zh) * | 1990-01-23 | 1991-03-27 | 钟雄 | 永磁式接触器 |
| JPH09213190A (ja) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-15 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 変流器付き電磁接触器および減電圧始動器 |
| CN2768190Y (zh) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-03-29 | 桂林机床电器有限公司 | 交流接触器 |
| CN101976638A (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-02-16 | 济南华辰电子研究所 | 单极无弧永磁交流接触器 |
| CN201838521U (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-05-18 | 济南华辰电子研究所 | 单极无弧永磁交流接触器 |
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| JP3237446B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-29 | 2001-12-10 | 市光工業株式会社 | 直流モータ駆動制御回路 |
| DE102005035487A1 (de) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Leistungsschaltmodul mit skalierbarer Schaltleistung |
| CN201038084Y (zh) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-03-19 | 沈阳工业大学 | 一种永磁无弧交流接触器 |
| CN201156501Y (zh) * | 2007-12-30 | 2008-11-26 | 人民电器集团有限公司 | 交流接触器的电磁控制装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2074052U (zh) * | 1990-01-23 | 1991-03-27 | 钟雄 | 永磁式接触器 |
| JPH09213190A (ja) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-15 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 変流器付き電磁接触器および減電圧始動器 |
| CN2768190Y (zh) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-03-29 | 桂林机床电器有限公司 | 交流接触器 |
| CN101976638A (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-02-16 | 济南华辰电子研究所 | 单极无弧永磁交流接触器 |
| CN201838521U (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-05-18 | 济南华辰电子研究所 | 单极无弧永磁交流接触器 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105428157A (zh) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 成都迅德科技有限公司 | 一种无弧接触器 |
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