WO2012052816A2 - Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi - Google Patents
Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012052816A2 WO2012052816A2 PCT/IB2011/002423 IB2011002423W WO2012052816A2 WO 2012052816 A2 WO2012052816 A2 WO 2012052816A2 IB 2011002423 W IB2011002423 W IB 2011002423W WO 2012052816 A2 WO2012052816 A2 WO 2012052816A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- agents
- stabilizing
- kiwi
- dyeing
- solution
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
- A23B7/01—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/03—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole pieces or fragments without mashing the original pieces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/015—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with pressure variation, shock, acceleration or shear stress or cavitation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- A23L3/3508—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups
Definitions
- This invention unveils a novel procedure for the dyeing and stabilizing of kiwi through a series of steps and with the use of dyeing and stabilizing agents and auxiliaries to obtain a final product with a stable non-bleeding proper color, appropriate firmness and desirable organoleptic features that are able to withstand thermal or chemical processing, light and time and thus are suitable for its use in fruit products.
- Pulp exposure A.1 The desired level of ripeness for the process disclosed on the invention is that which renders the most intense flavor attributes and aptness for direct consumption.
- the kiwi must be peeled and/or cut to allow the direct exposure of the pulp to the coloring/dyeing, stabilizing and fixing agents. Preferable, peeled kiwi slices are used for further processing.
- the alkalinizing stabilizing solution can be used in a weight ratio between 10:1 and 0.8:1 (solution to fruits), preferably between 2:1 and 1 :1 and most preferably of 1.1 :1.
- the alkalinization is provided by a suitable alkalizing agent, which can be of organic or inorganic nature.
- suitable alkalizing agents are (but not limited to): sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, amides, and their mixtures. More preferred alkalinizing agents are: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide.
- the alkalinization takes place so that the pH of the pulp is between 7 - 13, with pH 8 - 11 being preferable. In the most preferred embodiment, the pH of the pulp is 9.5 to 10.5.
- gelling stabilizing agents are (but not limited to): Alginic acid and its salts (sodium, potassium, ammonium and propylene glycol), gellan gum, calcium reactive pectins (low-ester pectin and amidated pectin), carrageenans (iota and kappa forms) and its salts (ammonium, potassium, or sodium) and carboxymethyl cellulose.
- the amount of gelling stabilizing agents by weight in the alkalinizing stabilizing solution is between 0.005% and 5%, more preferably 0.01 % and 2%, and in the most preferred embodiment 0.02% and 1%.
- the said gelling stabilizing agents can be added in combination with other secondary thickeners, stabilizers, and/or gelling agents to increase the firmness of the fruit.
- the said secondary stabilizing agents may include vegetable, algal and microbiological hydrocolloids like agar-agar, carrageenan, processed Vietnamesea seaweed, arabinogalactan, cassia gum, locust bean gum, oat gum, guar gum, tragacanth, acacia gum, xanthan gum, karaya gum, tara gum, gum ghatti, glucomannan, pectins.
- complex carbohydrates like starches, modified starches and modified cellulose polymers like methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethyl cellulose can be used as secondary thickeners, stabilizers, and/or gelling agents.
- the color intensity of the alkalinizing dyeing solution is 0.1 to 0.5.
- the temperature of the alkalinizing stabilizing dyeing processes should be as low as possible to avoid damage to the fruit.
- temperature range is between 0°C and 40°C, more preferably between 4°C and 25°C and most preferred between 6°C and 12°C.
- the length of the alkaline step depends on the ripeness of the kiwi, the temperature of the solution and the desired final color.
- time range of exposure is between 20 min and 24 hours, preferably between 1 and 8 hours and most preferably between 2 and 4 hours.
- This fixing acid solution should be used in a weight ratio between 10:1 and 0.8:1 (solution to fruits), preferably between 3:1 and 1 :1 and most preferably of 2:1.
- the gelling stabilizing agents and dyes infused into the fruit during the alkaline step are fixed by the acid present in the fixing acid solution.
- the acid condition allows the formation of gels and precipitation of the dyes.
- the acid conditions are provided by means of suitable inorganic and/or organic acids such as: hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, tannic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, etc.
- the acidification takes place so that the pH of the pulp is between 2 - 7, with pH 3 - 5 being preferable. In the most preferred embodiment, the pH of the pulp is 3 to 4.
- the gelling stabilizing agents and dyes infused into the fruit during the alkaline step are fixed by polyvalent cations that allows the formation of gels and precipitation of the dyes.
- the rheological property of the gel formed by the stabilizing agents and the color distribution and hue of the precipitated dyes depends on the type of polyvalent cation, their concentration and on the combinations of the cations used.
- calcium is used as the main gelling/fixing polyvalent cation because it allows obtaining gels with satisfactory rheological properties and a homogeneous green color.
- Other suitable polyvalent cations are (but not limited to): aluminum, tin, iron, copper, nickel, zinc or magnesium.
- polyvalent cation salts are those in the forms of citrates, lactates, malates, propionates, chlorides, etc. Most preferred are calcium lactates and chlorides. Hardness (express as calcium) target values are between 100-20,000 ppm, preferably between 1 ,000-10,000 ppm and most preferably between 2,000-8,000 ppm.
- the temperature of the fixing processes should be as low as possible to avoid damage of the fruit.
- temperature range is between 0°C and 40°C, more preferably between 4°C and 25°C and most preferred between 6°C and 12°C.
- time range of exposure to the fixing acid solution is between 20 min and 24 hours, preferably between 1 and 8 hours and most preferably between 2 and 4 hours.
- the order of the addition of the components of the fixing solution is not relevant.
- the acid could be added first, and then the cation donors, or vice versa, or they also could be added simultaneously.
- calcium ions and/or polyvalent cations can be infused into the kiwi pieces prior the infusion of the stabilizing and dyeing agents.
- Antioxidant agents such as, but not limited to: ascorbic acid and its salts, erythorbic acid and its salts, rosemary extract, flavonoids, etc.
- Flavoring agents such as, but not limited to natural flavorings, identical to natural flavorings, artificial flavorings, fruit juices, etc.
- Preservatives such as, but not limited to: lactic, sorbic, propionic, formic and benzoic acids and their salts (sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.) and derivatives, sulfites (in any chemical form), etc.
- Acidity regulators such as, but not limited to: lactic, citric, malic, fumaric, tartaric, succinic and ascorbic acids and its salts (sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, etc.), etc.
- Sweeteners and flavor enhancers such as, but not limited to: acesulfame potassium, aspartame, isomalt, isomaltitol, saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts, sucralose, alitame, thaumatin, glycyrrhizin, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, stevioside, neotame, lactitol, xylitol, mannitol, glycerol, sucrose, fructose, honey, etc.
- acesulfame potassium, aspartame, isomalt, isomaltitol, saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts sucralose, alitame, thaumatin, glycyrrhizin, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, stevioside, neotame, lactitol, xylitol
- Firming agents such as, but not limited to: calcium, magnesium or aluminum organic or inorganic salts like calcium hydrogen sulfite, monocalcium citrate, dicalcium citrate, calcium citrate (tricalcium citrate), monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, aluminium sulphate, aluminium sodium sulphate, calcium gluconate, etc.
- D.7) Dyes such as, but not limited to: synthetic dyes like, FD&C Blue N° 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF E133), FD&C Blue N° 2 (Indigotine E132), FD&C Green N° 3 (Fast Green FCF E143), FD&C Yellow N°5 (Tartrazine, E102), FD&C Yellow N°6 (Sunset Yellow FCF, E102), etc., and natural dyes like, magnesium or copper complexes of chlorophyllin, gardenia blue, gardenia yellow, carthamus, saffron, riboflavin, betacarotene, lutein, caramel, etc.
- synthetic dyes like, FD&C Blue N° 1 (Brilliant Blue FCF E133), FD&C Blue N° 2 (Indigotine E132), FD&C Green N° 3 (Fast Green FCF E143), FD&C Yellow N°5 (Tartrazine, E102), FD&C Yellow N
- the alkalinizing stabilizing dyeing solution was cooled to a temperature below 12°C.
- the kiwi pieces were immersed in the alkalinizing stabilizing dyeing solution in a weight ratio of 1.1 :1 (solution to fruits) and were left there for 3 hours.
- a fixing acid solution was prepared according to the following table:
- the kiwi pieces were immersed in the fixing acid solution in a weight ratio of 2:1 (solution to fruits) that was kept at a temperature below 12°C, for 3 hours.
- the kiwi pieces were evaluated in their sensory features.
- the color was brilliant, homogeneous, and very similar to the natural one; the firmness and texture was adequate and resembled that of the ripe fruit; the flavor profile was according with the expected quality.
- Example 2 Control trial: untreated kiwi slices
- Firmness Measured with a fruit pressure tester (also known as penetrometer) using a 1 ,3 mm diameter plunger.
- Texture The texture was tested by an expert panel, with a qualitative scale from 1 to 5, being 5 the more similar texture to the fresh ripe fruit and 1 the less similar.
- Color The color was determined using a Hunter Lab instrument.
- Flavor and aroma The flavor and aroma were tested by an expert panel; with a qualitative scale from 1 to 5, being 5 the more similar flavor profile to the fresh ripe fruit and 1 the less similar.
- Bleeding Measured by determination of the direct absorbance of the syrup with a Shimadzu Mini UV 1240 spectrophotometer at 520 nm wavelength using a 1cm square cell.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112013009628A BR112013009628A2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-13 | method for coloring and stabilization of kiwi |
AU2011319658A AU2011319658A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-13 | Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi |
EP11833928.2A EP2629622A4 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-13 | Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi |
CN2011800545192A CN103228145A (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-13 | Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi |
MX2013004456A MX2013004456A (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-13 | Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi. |
US13/841,664 US20130209629A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2013-03-15 | Dye stabilizing process for kiwi |
ZA2013/02858A ZA201302858B (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2013-04-19 | Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US40562310P | 2010-10-21 | 2010-10-21 | |
US61/405,623 | 2010-10-21 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/841,664 Continuation-In-Part US20130209629A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2013-03-15 | Dye stabilizing process for kiwi |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012052816A2 true WO2012052816A2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
WO2012052816A3 WO2012052816A3 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
Family
ID=45975666
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2011/002423 WO2012052816A2 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-10-13 | Dyeing and stabilizing process for kiwi |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2629622A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103228145A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2011319658A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013009628A2 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2013001091A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2013004456A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012052816A2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201302858B (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3472662A (en) * | 1966-03-02 | 1969-10-14 | Duda & Sons | Fruit preservation process |
GB1118730A (en) * | 1966-07-17 | 1968-07-03 | Alginate Ind Ltd | Improvements in or relating to meat products |
EP0266141A3 (en) * | 1986-10-28 | 1990-10-10 | Massey University | Texture stable food product |
US5202140A (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1993-04-13 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of New Zealand For Department Of Scientific And Industrial Research, Division Of Horticulture And Processing | Stabilizing color in kiwi fruit and product |
US5164212A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1992-11-17 | Del Monte Corporation | Method for coloring fruits and vegetables with anthraquinones and product |
IL144058A (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2006-10-05 | Yaakov Lahav | Composition for coating fruits, vegetables and fowl eggs, especially useful for organic produce |
US20040071845A1 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2004-04-15 | Hekal Ihab M. | Methods for preserving fresh produce |
JP3817602B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2006-09-06 | ハウス食品株式会社 | Non-fried dried food and dried food containing the same |
-
2011
- 2011-10-13 EP EP11833928.2A patent/EP2629622A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-13 AU AU2011319658A patent/AU2011319658A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-10-13 BR BR112013009628A patent/BR112013009628A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-10-13 MX MX2013004456A patent/MX2013004456A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-10-13 CN CN2011800545192A patent/CN103228145A/en active Pending
- 2011-10-13 WO PCT/IB2011/002423 patent/WO2012052816A2/en active Application Filing
-
2013
- 2013-04-19 CL CL2013001091A patent/CL2013001091A1/en unknown
- 2013-04-19 ZA ZA2013/02858A patent/ZA201302858B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of EP2629622A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2629622A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
ZA201302858B (en) | 2014-07-25 |
CN103228145A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
BR112013009628A2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
EP2629622A2 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
MX2013004456A (en) | 2013-06-28 |
AU2011319658A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
CL2013001091A1 (en) | 2013-09-27 |
WO2012052816A3 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
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