WO2012051877A1 - 一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012051877A1
WO2012051877A1 PCT/CN2011/078141 CN2011078141W WO2012051877A1 WO 2012051877 A1 WO2012051877 A1 WO 2012051877A1 CN 2011078141 W CN2011078141 W CN 2011078141W WO 2012051877 A1 WO2012051877 A1 WO 2012051877A1
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temperature
pwm wave
crystal oscillator
heating element
chip microcomputer
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PCT/CN2011/078141
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘永波
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012051877A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012051877A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
    • H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
    • H03L1/04—Constructional details for maintaining temperature constant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microcomputer controlled constant temperature crystal oscillator technology, in particular to a method and a device for controlling a constant temperature crystal oscillator by a microcomputer. Background technique
  • Most high-stability crystal oscillators use a method of placing the crystal in a bath.
  • the oven controlled crystal oscillator uses a precision thermostatic control cell to adjust the temperature in the bath to the zero temperature coefficient point of the crystal resonator. In this way, the effect of temperature changes on the frequency stability of the crystal oscillator can be overcome to the utmost.
  • the constant temperature crystal oscillator is the current crystal oscillator with the highest frequency accuracy and stability. It has the characteristics of low aging rate, high frequency temperature stability and high long-term frequency stability. Now the temperature coefficient of the temperature of the oven crystal oscillator has been better. can do quite high, can reach 5xl0- 8 /
  • the crystal resonator has the highest second frequency stability, so to achieve higher frequency stability, it is necessary to ensure that the constant temperature crystal oscillator operates near the zero temperature coefficient point, and near the zero temperature coefficient point.
  • the temperature change is very d,.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a constant temperature crystal oscillator by a microcomputer, which can better solve the problem of high frequency stability of an oven controlled crystal oscillator.
  • a method of controlling a constant temperature crystal oscillator by a microcomputer comprising:
  • the temperature component is set to the temperature of the thermostat of the crystal oscillator
  • the single-chip microcomputer compares the temperature of the constant temperature bath with the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point, and outputs a pulse width modulation PWM wave of the corresponding duty ratio according to the comparison result;
  • the PWM wave control circuit filters and smoothes the PWM wave, and outputs it to the heating element
  • the heating element heats the thermostat.
  • an apparatus for controlling a constant temperature crystal oscillator including:
  • a temperature sensing element for collecting the temperature of the thermostat in which the crystal oscillator is placed
  • the single chip microcomputer is configured to compare the temperature of the constant temperature bath with the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point, and output a pulse width modulated PWM wave with a corresponding duty ratio according to the comparison result;
  • a PWM wave control circuit for filtering and smoothing the PWM wave and outputting it to the heating element
  • Heating element for heating the thermostat.
  • the present invention uses a single-chip microcomputer as a temperature collection and control core of the circuit so that the crystal oscillator operates accurately at the zero temperature coefficient point, and utilizes the powerful software processing capability of the single chip microcomputer.
  • a dual RC filter circuit can be used to control the voltage of the heating element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling an oven controlled crystal oscillator according to the present invention
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-chip microcomputer controlled constant temperature crystal oscillator device provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a single-chip microcomputer controlled output PWM wave according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a single-chip microcomputer controlled temperature sensing element provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a single-chip microcomputer controlled temperature element according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a filtering effect diagram of a dual RC filter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the temperature component is set to the temperature of the thermostat of the crystal oscillator; the single-chip microcomputer compares the temperature of the constant temperature bath with the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point, and outputs a pulse width modulation PWM corresponding to the duty ratio according to the comparison result.
  • the PWM wave control circuit filters and smoothes the PWM wave and outputs it to the heating element; the heating element heats the thermostat.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a microcomputer controlled constant temperature crystal oscillator method provided by the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S101 the temperature sensing element collects the temperature of the constant temperature bath, the crystal oscillator is placed in the thermostatic bath, and the digital temperature sensitive component is used for the temperature sensing component.
  • Step S102 the single-chip microcomputer compares the temperature of the constant temperature bath with the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point pre-stored in the single-chip microcomputer, and if the temperature of the constant temperature bath is greater than the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point, the duty ratio of the output PWM wave is increased, if the temperature of the thermostat When the temperature is less than the zero temperature coefficient point temperature, the duty cycle of the output PWM wave is reduced.
  • Step S103 the dual RC filter circuit of the PWM wave control circuit filters and smoothes the PWM wave, and outputs a DC voltage.
  • the amplification circuit of the PWM wave control circuit amplifies the DC voltage to obtain a heating voltage, and then outputs the heating voltage.
  • Step S104 the heating element heats the constant temperature bath according to the heating voltage.
  • the device includes a temperature sensing element, a microcontroller, a PWM wave control circuit, and a heating element.
  • the temperature sensing element is used to collect the temperature of the thermostat in which the crystal oscillator is placed.
  • the crystal resonator uses a double-rotation SC-cut crystal resonator, and the dual-rotation SC-cut crystal resonator has higher second-order frequency stability and better frequency-temperature characteristics than the conventional single-rotation AT-cut crystal resonator.
  • the crystal oscillator circuit uses a conventional Crab oscillator circuit, which has high stability.
  • One input and output of the MCU is connected to the data clock pin DQ of the temperature component.
  • the DQ pin can realize the timing control of the MCU and the data transmission between them.
  • the single chip After receiving the temperature of the thermostatic bath transmitted by the temperature component, the single chip compares the temperature of the constant temperature bath with the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point. If the temperature of the constant temperature bath is greater than the temperature of the zero temperature coefficient point, the duty ratio of the output PWM wave is increased. If the temperature of the bath is less than the zero temperature coefficient point temperature, the duty cycle of the output PWM wave is reduced. The duty cycle of the PWM wave is output to the PWM wave control circuit through another pin GP1 of the microcontroller.
  • the PWM wave control circuit includes a dual RC filter circuit and an amplifying circuit.
  • the double RC filter circuit filters and smoothes the PWM wave to output a DC voltage, and then amplifies the DC voltage by the amplifying circuit to obtain a heating voltage of the heating element, and then outputs the heating element.
  • the heating element heats the thermostat according to the heating voltage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a single-chip controlled output PWM wave circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the single-chip microcomputer uses the world's smallest 8-pin single-chip microcomputer, and the single-chip microcomputer has no parallel data output function, and 6 data thereof. Ports can be used as serial I/O data ports.
  • the microcontroller is small in size and low in power consumption. For the purposes of the present invention, only one serial data port is required to output a PWM wave, so the microcontroller is suitable for use.
  • the square wave output from the input/output port GP1 passes through the dual RC low-pass filter composed of Rl, R2, CI and C2, and then passes through a positive-phase amplifier A1.
  • the amplification factor of the amplifier A1 is made up of the resistor R3 and the variable resistor R4. Decided to put it by setting a reasonable resistance value The large multiple is 12/5, even if the maximum value of the DC voltage output from the amplifier is changed from 5V to 12V. After passing through the amplifier, the maximum voltage becomes 12V, which can ensure sufficient energy for the heating element to compensate for the shortcomings of the power supply of the microcontroller port.
  • the microcontroller uses internal software to control the PWM wave duty cycle increase and decrease method to achieve the control of the output voltage of the RC filter circuit.
  • a dual RC filter is used, and the PWM wave can be low-pass filtered to output a DC voltage through a dual RC filter circuit. Since the temperature sensing element and the single chip microcomputer and the circuit for controlling the heating element constitute a closed closed loop control loop, precise changes in the voltage of the heating element can be achieved, thereby achieving precise temperature control.
  • FIG. 4 shows a temperature control circuit of a single-chip microcomputer controlled by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the temperature control circuit of the single-chip microcomputer controlled constant temperature crystal oscillator is controlled by the world's smallest 8-pin single-chip microcomputer.
  • the components use the world's smallest 3-pin digital temperature sensing component.
  • the GP0 interface of the microcontroller is connected to the data clock pin DQ of the temperature sensing component.
  • the GP0 pin is a general-purpose input/output pin of the microcontroller. It is used to simulate the control timing of the digital temperature component and the initialization of the temperature component through software instructions, and set the temperature data format.
  • the temperature component converts the obtained binary value of the temperature into a binary representation suitable for processing by the single chip microcomputer, and then compares the value with the zero temperature coefficient point temperature of the constant temperature crystal oscillator stored in the single chip microcomputer, and outputs a suitable PWM according to the comparison result.
  • the wave controls the heating element.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the control unit of the single-chip microcomputer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 after initializing the microcontroller, clearing the register unit, and setting the pulse width initial value of the duty cycle, reading the temperature element The value of the temperature sensor, and then compare the magnitude relationship between the read temperature value and the zero temperature coefficient point of the constant temperature crystal oscillator, and determine whether the duty cycle of the PWM wave increases or decreases according to the magnitude relationship, if the read temperature value is greater than zero The temperature coefficient point temperature increases the duty cycle of the output PWM wave. If the read temperature value is less than the zero temperature coefficient point temperature, the duty cycle of the output PWM wave is reduced, and then the heating is performed by the change of the duty cycle of the PWM wave.
  • the heating voltage of the component also changes accordingly.
  • the temperature control accuracy of the whole circuit is determined by the temperature sensitive component.
  • the temperature control accuracy of the temperature sensitive component used in this embodiment is 0.0625 degrees, so the temperature control accuracy of the entire temperature control system can reach 0.0625 degrees.
  • FIG. 6 shows the filtering effect of the dual RC filter circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the dual RC filter used to control the heating element of the constant temperature crystal oscillator has good low-pass filtering effect, and the double RC filter is given below.
  • the filtering effect of the circuit is 4800 instruction time cycles, and the high level is the PWM wave of 1420 instruction cycles.
  • the filtering of the PWM wave is shown in Figure 6, where the horizontal axis is time (Time) and the vertical axis is voltage. (U), the unit is volt (V).
  • the double RC filter has a very good filtering effect, and the ripple is less than 0.2%, so that precise control of the heating element can be achieved.
  • the output of the pin is 5V and 0V, respectively, so the PWM wave with a certain duty cycle for a period of 4800 machine instruction cycles is equivalent to the accuracy of a 12-bit A/D converter.
  • the corresponding voltage change is 12/4800 for each command cycle change, which is about 0.2%. Therefore, the circuit using PWM wave plus double RC filter has high control precision.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. Using a single-chip microcomputer as a temperature collection and control core of the circuit, the constant temperature crystal oscillator can be accurately operated at the zero temperature coefficient point of the constant temperature crystal oscillator, and at the same time High-precision digital sensors enable high-precision control of bath temperature. 2. With the 3-pin digital temperature-sensing component, the consistency of the digital temperature-sensing components is better, which avoids the problem that the temperature control consistency of the conventional digital temperature-supplied circuit is not high due to the difference between components. 3. Using the combination of the single-chip microcomputer and the temperature-sensing component and the powerful software processing function of the single-chip microcomputer, the voltage control of the heating element can be realized by using the double RC circuit, and the circuit is simple and efficient.

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Description

一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及微机控制恒温晶体振荡器技术， 特别涉及一种微机控制恒 温晶体振荡器的方法和装置。 背景技术
随着电子技术的飞速发展， 通信、 导航、 航天、 测控、 高精密测量和 移动电话等领域， 对频率源的短期稳定度、 长期稳定度和老化率等一些指 标的要求越来越高。 现代移动通信技术快速发展的今天， 各种通信系统对 时间频率同步的要求也越来越高。 恒温晶体振荡器作为高精度的频率标准 源， 在这些应用中对其的要求也越来越高。
绝大多数高稳定度晶体振荡器都釆用了将晶体放置到恒温槽的方法。 恒温晶体振荡器使用了精密的恒温控制槽， 将槽内温度调节到晶体谐振器 的零温度系数点上。 这样， 能最大限度地克服温度变化对晶体振荡器频率 稳定度的影响。
恒温晶体振荡器是目前频率精确度和稳定度最高的晶体振荡器， 其具 有老化率低、 频率温度稳定度高， 长期频率稳定度高等特点， 现在比较好 的恒温晶体振荡器的频率温度系数已经可以做的相当高， 可以达到 5xl0-8 /
°c。
在零温度系数点温度附近， 晶体谐振器的秒频率稳定度最高， 所以要 达到更高的频率稳定度， 一定要保证恒温晶体振荡器工作在零温度系数点 附近， 而且在零温度系数点附近的温度变化很 d、。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器 的方法， 能更好地解决恒温晶体振荡器的高频率稳定度问题。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
根据本发明的一个方面， 提供了一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的方法， 包括：
A、 釆温元件釆集放置晶体振荡器的恒温槽的温度；
B、 单片机对恒温槽的温度和零温度系数点温度进行对比， 根据对比结 果输出相应占空比的脉冲宽度调制 PWM波；
C、 PWM波控制电路对 PWM波进行滤波和平滑后， 输出给加热元件；
D、 加热元件加热恒温槽。
根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的装置， 包括：
釆温元件， 用于釆集放置晶体振荡器的恒温槽的温度；
单片机， 用于将恒温槽的温度和零温度系数点温度进行对比， 根据对 比结果输出相应占空比的脉冲宽度调制 PWM波；
PWM波控制电路， 用于对 PWM波进行滤波和平滑后， 输出给加热元 件；
加热元件， 用于加热恒温槽。
与现有技术相比较， 本发明的有益效果在于： 本发明釆用单片机作为 电路的温度釆集和控制核心使得晶体振荡器精确地工作在零温度系数点， 并利用单片机强大的软件处理能力使得釆用双 RC 滤波电路可以实现对加 热元件的电压控制。 附图说明
图 1是本发明提供的单片机控制恒温晶体振荡器方法的流程示意图; 图 2是本发明提供的单片机控制恒温晶体振荡器装置原理图； 图 3是本发明实施例提供的单片机控制输出 PWM波电路图； 图 4是本发明实施例提供的单片机控制釆温元件釆温电路图； 图 5是本发明实施例提供的单片机控制釆温元件的流程图；
图 6是本发明实施例提供的双 RC滤波电路的滤波效果图。 具体实施方式
本发明的基本思想是： 釆温元件釆集放置晶体振荡器的恒温槽的温度； 单片机对恒温槽的温度和零温度系数点温度进行对比， 根据对比结果输出 相应占空比的脉冲宽度调制 PWM波； PWM波控制电路对所述 PWM波进 行滤波和平滑后， 输出给加热元件； 加热元件加热所述恒温槽。
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细说明， 应当理解， 以下 所说明的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
图 1 显示了本发明提供的微机控制恒温晶体振荡器方法的流程示意， 如图 1所示， 该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤 S101 ,釆温元件釆集恒温槽的温度， 恒温槽中放置了晶体振荡器， 釆温元件釆用的是数字温度敏感元件。
步骤 S102, 单片机对恒温槽的温度和预先存储在单片机中的零温度系 数点温度进行对比， 若恒温槽的温度大于零温度系数点温度， 则增加输出 PWM 波的占空比， 若恒温槽的温度小于零温度系数点温度， 则减小输出 PWM波的占空比。
步骤 S103 , PWM波控制电路的双 RC滤波电路对 PWM波进行滤波和 平滑后， 输出直流电压， PWM波控制电路的放大电路再将直流电压放大， 得到加热电压， 然后输出给加热元件。
步骤 S104, 加热元件根据加热电压对恒温槽进行加热。
图 2显示了本发明提供的微机控制恒温晶体振荡器装置原理， 如图 2 所示， 该装置包括釆温元件、 单片机、 PWM波控制电路和加热元件。
其中， 釆温元件用于釆集放置晶体振荡器的恒温槽的温度。 晶体谐振 器釆用双旋转 SC切晶体谐振器， 双旋转 SC切晶体谐振器相对于平常釆用 的单旋转 AT切晶体谐振器具有更高的秒级频率稳定度和更好的频率温度 特性。 晶体振荡器电路釆用传统的克拉勃振荡电路， 该振荡电路的稳定度 高。
单片机的一个输入输出 GP0引脚和釆温元件的数据时钟引脚 DQ相连， 通过 DQ 引脚可以实现单片机对釆温元件的时序控制和它们之间的数据传 输。 单片机接收到釆温元件传输的恒温槽的温度后， 将恒温槽的温度和零 温度系数点温度进行对比， 若恒温槽的温度大于零温度系数点温度， 则增 加输出 PWM波的占空比，若恒温槽的温度小于零温度系数点温度，则减小 输出 PWM波的占空比。 PWM波的占空比通过单片机的另外一个引脚 GP1 输出至 PWM波控制电路。
PWM波控制电路包括双 RC滤波电路和放大电路， 双 RC滤波电路对 PWM波进行滤波和平滑后输出直流电压， 再由放大电路放大直流电压， 得 到加热元件的加热电压， 然后输出给加热元件。
加热元件根据加热电压加热恒温槽。
图 3显示了本发明实施例提供的单片机控制输出 PWM波电路，如图 3 所示， 单片机釆用的是世界上最小的 8 引脚单片机， 该单片机无并行的数 据输出功能， 其 6个数据端口都可以作为串行的输入输出数据端口。 该单 片机体积小， 功耗低。对于本发明来说， 输出一个 PWM波仅需要一个串行 数据端口， 因此该单片机是合适应用的。
单片机通过输入输出端口 GP1输出的方波经过有 Rl、 R2、 CI和 C2 构成的双 RC低通滤波器后， 然后通过一个正相放大器 A1 , 放大器 A1的 放大倍数由电阻 R3和可变电阻 R4决定， 通过设置合理的电阻值， 使其放 大倍数为 12/5 , 即使放大器输出的直流电压的最大值由 5V变为 12V。 通过 放大器后， 最大电压变为 12V, 就可以保证提供给加热元件足够的能量， 弥补单片机端口供电不足的缺点。
本单片机釆用了内部软件控制 PWM波占空比增减的方法来实现对 RC 滤波电路输出电压大小的控制。 本例中釆用双 RC滤波器， 通过双 RC滤波 电路可以对 PWM波进行低通滤波输出直流电压。由于釆温元件和单片机以 及控制加热元件的电路构成了一个闭合的闭环控制回路， 所以可以实现加 热元件电压的精确改变， 从而实现温度的精确控制。
图 4显示了本发明实施例提供的单片机控制釆温元件釆温电路，如图 4 所示， 单片机控制恒温晶体振荡器的控温电路以全世界最小的 8 引脚单片 机为控制核心， 釆温元件釆用全世界最小的 3引脚数字釆温元件。
从图中可以看出， 单片机的 GP0接口和釆温元件的数据时钟引脚 DQ 相连。 GP0 引脚是单片机的通用输入输出引脚， 通过软件指令模拟数字釆 温元件的控制时序和釆温元件的初始化， 设置釆温数据格式等。 釆温元件 将得到的温度的二进制值转化为适合单片机处理的二进制表示方式， 然后 将该值和单片机中存储的恒温晶体振荡器的零温度系数点温度比较， 根据 比较的结果来输出合适的 PWM波对加热元件来进行控制。
图 5显示了本发明实施例提供的单片机控制釆温元件的流程， 如图 5 所示， 对单片机进行初始化、 清寄存器单元并设置好占空比的脉宽初值后， 读取釆温元件的温度传感器的值， 然后比较读取的温度值和恒温晶体振荡 器的零温度系数点之间的大小关系，根据大小关系决定 PWM波占空比增加 还是减少，若读取的温度值大于零温度系数点温度，则增加输出 PWM波的 占空比，若读取的温度值小于零温度系数点温度，则减小输出 PWM波的占 空比，再通过 PWM波占空比的改变使加热元件的加热电压也相应改变。通 过整个电路的闭环控制， 最终恒温晶体振荡器的恒温槽温度会稳定在晶体 谐振器的零温度系数点。 整个电路的控温精度由温度敏感元件决定， 本实 施例釆用的温度敏感元件的控温精度为 0.0625度， 所以整个控温系统的控 温精度就可以达到 0.0625度。
图 6显示了本发明实施例提供的双 RC滤波电路的滤波效果，电路中用 来控制恒温晶体振荡器加热元件的双 RC滤波器有艮好的低通滤波效果，下 面给出双 RC滤波器的电路的滤波效果， 以 4800个指令时间为周期， 高电 平为 1420个指令周期的 PWM波， PWM波的滤波情况如图 6所示， 其中 横轴为时间 （Time ), 竖轴为电压 （U ), 单位是伏特（V ), 根据图 6所示 的数据， 该双 RC滤波器的滤波效果非常好， 紋波只有不到 0.2% , 所以可 以实现加热元件的精确控制。
对于单片机来说， 其引脚的输出高低点平分别为 5V和 0V, 所以对于 周期为 4800个机器指令周期一定占空比的 PWM波,相当于一个 12位的模 数转换器的精度。 经过放大器放大以后， 高电平每变化一个指令周期， 对 应的电压变化为 12/4800, 即为 0.2%左右。 所以釆用 PWM波加双 RC滤波 器的电路有很高的控制精度。
综上所述， 本发明具有以下技术效果： 1、 釆用了单片机作为电路的温 度釆集和控制核心， 可使恒温晶体振荡器精确地工作在恒温晶体振荡器的 零温度系数点， 同时利用高精度的数字敏感元件可以实现恒温槽温度的高 精度控制。 2、 利用 3引脚数字釆温元件， 数字釆温元件的一致性比较好， 避免了传统的数字釆温电路的由于元件间的差异造成的温度控制的一致性 不高的问题。 3、 利用单片机和釆温元件相结合的方法及单片机强大的软件 处理功能，可以使用双 RC电路实现对加热元件的电压控制，电路简洁高效。
尽管上文对本发明进行了详细说明， 但是本发明不限于此， 本领域技 术人员可以根据本发明的原理进行各种修改。 因此， 凡按照本发明原理所 作的修改， 都应当理解为落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括：
A、 釆温元件釆集放置晶体振荡器的恒温槽的温度；
B、 单片机对恒温槽的温度和零温度系数点温度进行对比， 根据对比结 果输出相应占空比的脉冲宽度调制 PWM波；
C、 PWM波控制电路对所述 PWM波进行滤波和平滑后， 输出给加热 元件；
D、 加热元件加热所述恒温槽。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 B为； 若所述恒温槽的温度大于零温度系数点温度，则增加输出 PWM波的占 空比；
若所述恒温槽的温度小于零温度系数点温度，则减小输出 PWM波的占 空比。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述零温度系数点温度 预先存储在单片机中。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 C为： 输出直流电压；
PWM波控制电路的放大电路放大所述直流电压后， 输出给加热元件。
5、 一种微机控制恒温晶体振荡器的装置， 其特征在于， 该装置包括： 釆温元件， 用于釆集放置晶体振荡器的恒温槽的温度；
单片机， 用于将所述恒温槽的温度和零温度系数点温度进行对比， 根 据对比结果输出相应占空比的脉冲宽度调制 PWM波；
PWM波控制电路， 用于对所述 PWM波进行滤波和平滑后， 输出给加 热元件； 加热元件， 用于加热所述恒温槽。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的装置， 其特征在于， 若所述恒温槽的温度大 于零温度系数点温度，则增加输出 PWM波的占空比； 若所述恒温槽的温度 小于零温度系数点温度， 则减小输出 PWM波的占空比。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述零温度系数点温度 预先存储在单片机中。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述 PWM波控制电路 进一步包括：
双 RC滤波电路， 用于对所述 PWM波进行滤波和平滑后， 输出直流电 压；
放大电路， 用于放大所述直流电压后， 输出给加热元件。
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