WO2012051790A1 - Structure de cathode, cellule d'électrolyse de l'aluminium et procédé d'abaissement d'un courant horizontal dans du liquide d'aluminium - Google Patents

Structure de cathode, cellule d'électrolyse de l'aluminium et procédé d'abaissement d'un courant horizontal dans du liquide d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012051790A1
WO2012051790A1 PCT/CN2011/001572 CN2011001572W WO2012051790A1 WO 2012051790 A1 WO2012051790 A1 WO 2012051790A1 CN 2011001572 W CN2011001572 W CN 2011001572W WO 2012051790 A1 WO2012051790 A1 WO 2012051790A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
carbon block
steel rod
cathode carbon
aluminum
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001572
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨晓东
周东方
刘雅锋
刘伟
邹智勇
刘铭
胡红武
张钦菘
白斌
Original Assignee
中铝国际工程股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中铝国际工程股份有限公司 filed Critical 中铝国际工程股份有限公司
Priority to CA2792415A priority Critical patent/CA2792415C/fr
Priority to MYPI2012004600A priority patent/MY182380A/en
Publication of WO2012051790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012051790A1/fr
Priority to NO20130672A priority patent/NO20130672A1/no

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of producing primary aluminum using Hall-Elu electrolysis. Specifically, the present invention relates to a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell capable of greatly reducing a horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic bath, an aluminum electrolytic cell including the cathode structure, and a aluminum electrolytic cell capable of greatly reducing A method of horizontal current in aluminum liquid. Background technique
  • Metallic aluminum is industrially produced by molten salt electrolysis, that is, alumina which is electrolytically dissolved in an electrolyte containing molten cryolite as a main component, and the main method currently employed is Hall-Heroult electrolysis.
  • the direct equipment for producing electrolytic aluminum is an electrolytic cell.
  • the electrolytic cell mainly consists of two major parts, one part is an anode, usually made of carbon material, and the other part is a cathode, which is made of carbon block and lining material ⁇ /.
  • the aluminum electrolysis cell is connected in series throughout the electrolysis series. Current flows from the anode into the electrolysis cell, through the molten electrolyte, through the liquid aluminum liquid, into the cathode carbon block, and the current is collected through the cathode steel rod assembled in the cathode carbon block, and then passed.
  • the cathode busbar is introduced into the next electrolytic cell.
  • the cathode structure of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell is such that a cathode steel rod is installed at the bottom of the cathode carbon block, and one or two cathodes are arranged in the block, and the cathode and the cathode carbon are in the same direction; the one end of the cathode steel rod is placed.
  • the side wall of the electrolysis cell is connected to the cathode bus bar.
  • the cathode conductive structure has a very large disadvantage: since the cathode steel bar and the cathode carbon block are placed in the same horizontal direction and the current preferentially selects the path with the smallest resistance, that is, from the current electrolytic cell in the series electrolytic series.
  • the liquid aluminum liquid passes through the cathode carbon block and the cathode steel rod and enters the next electrolytic cell in the series electrolysis series through the cathode bus, thereby causing a very large horizontal current in the aluminum liquid, which is common with the vertical magnetic field in the aluminum liquid.
  • the action generates electromagnetic force, which drives the liquid aluminum liquid to flow and fluctuate in the electrolytic cell. If the horizontal current in the electrolytic cell is too large and unevenly distributed, the interface between the aluminum liquid and the electrolyte fluctuates too much, so that the electrolytic cell Produces severe instability in production and reduces current efficiency.
  • the horizontal current distribution in the aluminum liquid is unevenly distributed along the length of the cathode carbon block, so that the current density at the end of the cathode carbon block is maximized, thereby significantly accelerating the corrosion of the cathode carbon block and reducing the electrolytic cell. Life expectancy.
  • the present invention proposes a method for greatly reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the purpose of which is to reduce the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid and make the cathode current density more uniform.
  • the stability of the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell is improved, the electrolytic cell can be operated efficiently and smoothly at a lower pole pitch, the energy consumption per ton of aluminum is significantly reduced, the cathode current density is uniform, the rate of cathode wear is reduced, and the life of the cathode is prolonged.
  • a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell at least one cathode steel rod is mounted at the bottom of the cathode carbon block, and current is passed from the aluminum via a cathode bus bar connected to an end of the cathode steel rod Derived in the electrolytic cell, characterized in that the cathode steel bar is divided into at least two portions including the upper portion from the top to the bottom in the height direction of the cathode steel rod along the length direction of the cathode carbon block, the cathode steel The rod is connected to the cathode carbon block in a section of the cathode carbon block which is not divided, and the upper portion of the cathode steel rod which is adjacent to the cathode carbon block is connected by an electric conductor and a cathode carbon block.
  • the other part below the upper part is insulated by an insulator and a cathode carbon block, and the partition is filled with a partition insulating material to insulate
  • the cathode steel bar is divided into an upper half and a lower half in a length direction near a portion of the cathode carbon block by a slit, and the cathode steel bar is not divided in the middle portion of the cathode carbon block.
  • One section is connected by electric conductor and cathode carbon block, and the lower part is made of extrudate and cathode carbon block.
  • an aluminum electrolytic cell comprising the above cathode structure for substantially reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
  • a method for substantially reducing a horizontal current in an aluminum bath of an aluminum electrolytic cell comprising the steps of: ligating or pouring a lower portion of a cathode carbon block Casting at least one cathode steel rod, connecting the end of the cathode steel rod to the cathode bus bar to conduct current from the aluminum electrolytic tank, and the cathode steel rod is divided along the length direction by a section near the end of the cathode carbon block Forming at least two portions of the upper portion, the portion of the cathode steel bar that is not divided in the middle portion of the cathode carbon block is electrically connected to the cathode carbon block, and the upper portion of the cathode steel rod near the end of the cathode carbon block is divided An electrical conductor is connected to the cathode carbon block, and the other insulator under the upper portion is insulated from the cathode carbon block, and the partition is filled with a partition insul
  • the electrical conductor may be carbon paste or ferrophosphorus.
  • the cathode steel bar may be partially ligated or cast in a cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel bar is entirely passed out from the side of the electrolytic cell.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the cathode steel bar may be square, circular, semi-circular, trapezoidal or triangular.
  • 1-50 cathode steel bars can be installed in the lower part of each set of cathode carbon blocks.
  • the dividing seam may be more than two horizontal dividing seams.
  • the advantages and effects of the present invention are as follows:
  • the present invention has a strong practicability, and the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid is greatly reduced without changing the cathode power-off mode, that is, the side-out power, and the cathode current distribution is more uniform.
  • Hook improve the stability of the electrolyzer, prolong the life of the trough, the electrolyzer can run efficiently and smoothly under the condition of low pole distance, effectively reduce the energy consumption per ton of aluminum, and have significant energy saving effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cathode structure in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a cathode structure of a cathode carbon block and a cathode steel rod according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a cathode structure of a cathode carbon block and a cathode steel rod according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cathode cathode block and a cathode steel rod combined cathode according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the structure.
  • cathode carbon block 1, cathode carbon block; 2, cathode steel rod; 3, separation joint; 4, partition insulation material; 5, insulator; 6, electrical conductor.
  • the directional terms used in the present application such as "upper” and “lower” are relative to the distance from the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic bath.
  • the upper portion of the cathode carbon block is closer to the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell than the lower portion of the cathode carbon block;
  • the (half) portion of the cathode steel rod is closer to the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell than the lower (half) portion of the cathode steel rod, or the cathode steel rod
  • the upper (half) portion is disposed closer to the aluminum liquid in the electrolytic cell along the height of the cathode steel bar relative to the lower (half) portion of the cathode steel bar.
  • longitudinal section of a cathode steel rod as used in the present application means a section taken along the length of the cathode steel rod through its center line.
  • the section of the cathode steel bar 2 which is adjacent to the end of the cathode carbon block 1 in the longitudinal direction is divided into an upper half and a lower half by a slit 3. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that when only one cathode steel rod is lapped or cast in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block, it is preferable to set the cathode steel rod 2 in the length direction at a portion close to both ends of the cathode carbon block 1, respectively. Separate the seam 3. As shown in Fig.
  • the portion of the cathode steel rod 2 which is not divided in the middle portion of the cathode carbon block 1 is entirely connected to the cathode carbon block 1 by the electric conductor 6, and is adjacent to the cathode steel rod 2 at the end of the cathode carbon block 1.
  • the half portion is connected to the cathode carbon block 1 by the conductor 6, and the lower portion is insulated from the cathode carbon block 1 by the insulator 5.
  • the partition 3 is filled with the partition insulating material 4 to insulate the upper and lower portions of the cathode steel rod 2.
  • the conductor 6 is a carbon paste or a ferrophosphorus.
  • cathode steel rod 2 shows a projected longitudinal section of a cathode structure composed of a combination of a cathode steel bar and a cathode carbon block with a slit. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the cross-sectional shape of the cathode steel rod 2 is square, circular, semi-circular, trapezoidal or Triangle, 1-50 cathode steel rods are installed in the lower part of each cathode carbon block 1.
  • the horizontal dividing slit 3 in the cathode structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention is disposed at a position substantially half the height of the cathode steel rod 2, thereby bringing the cathode steel rod 2 along the length.
  • the direction is divided into an upper half and a lower half at a section near the end of the cathode carbon block 1.
  • the dividing seam 3 is preferably disposed at a position above the one-half height of the cathode steel rod 2 near the top cathode carbon block 1.
  • the partition 3 may also preferably be provided in such a shape that the upper half of the cathode steel rod 2 is tapered toward the end of the top cathode carbon block 1.
  • the present invention also discloses a method capable of greatly reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the method comprising the steps of: securing or casting at least one cathode steel rod 2 in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1
  • the cathode steel bar 2 is divided into an upper half and a lower half in a length direction at a portion close to the end of the cathode carbon block 1, and the cathode steel bar 2 is electrically conductive in a section which is not divided in the middle portion of the cathode carbon block 1.
  • the body 6 is connected to the cathode carbon block 1, and the upper half of the cathode steel rod 2 near the end of the cathode carbon block 1 is connected to the cathode carbon block 1 by the electric conductor 6, and the lower half is insulated from the cathode carbon block 1 by the insulator 5, and the partition is separated.
  • 3 is filled with a partition insulating material 4 to insulate the upper and lower portions of the cathode steel rod 2, and one end of the cathode steel rod is connected to the cathode bus.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a cathode structure of a second embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the two cathode steel rods 2 are all symmetrical or symmetrical to each other in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1, and one end of the cathode steel rod 2 is connected to the cathode bus bar.
  • the cathode steel bar 2 is divided into an upper half and a lower half in a length direction at a section close to the end of the cathode carbon block 1 by a polygonal line dividing slit 3.
  • the dividing seam 3 may also be in other shapes such that the upper half of the cathode steel rod 2 is tapered toward the end of the top cathode carbon block 1, such as a diagonal dividing seam, an arc-shaped dividing seam. Wait. Similar to the description in the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, the cathode steel bar 2 in the cathode structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention is entirely electrically conductive in a section in which the intermediate portion of the cathode carbon block 1 is not divided.
  • PT/CN2011/001572 is filled with a gap insulation material 4 in the seam 3 to insulate the upper and lower parts of the cathode steel rod 2.
  • Such a partition is arranged such that the portion of the cathode steel bar 2 connected to the cathode carbon block 1 through the electric conductor 6 has a projected longitudinal cross-sectional shape which is tapered toward the end of the cathode carbon block 1, as shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows a cathode structure in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the left half of Fig. 6 shows a projected longitudinal section of a cathode structure composed of a combination of a cathode steel bar and a cathode carbon block with a slit.
  • the two cathode steel rods 2 are all symmetrical or cast symmetrically with each other in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1, and one end of the cathode steel rod 2 is connected to the cathode bus bar.
  • the section of the cathode steel bar 2 along the length direction near the end of the cathode carbon block 1 is divided into an upper portion (first portion), a middle portion (second portion) and a lower portion (third portion) by two horizontal slits 3.
  • the seam below it is longer than the seam above it.
  • the cathode steel bar 2 in the cathode structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention is electrically conductive in the section in which the intermediate portion of the cathode carbon block 1 is not divided.
  • the body 6 is connected to the cathode carbon block 1, and the upper portion of the cathode steel rod 2 near the end of the cathode carbon block 1 is connected to the cathode carbon block 1 by the electric conductor 6, and the middle portion and the lower portion between the upper and lower partitions are made of insulator 5. It is insulated from the cathode carbon block 1, and the partition 3 is filled with a partition insulating material 4 to insulate the upper, middle and lower portions of the cathode steel rods 2 from each other.
  • Such a partition is arranged such that the portion of the cathode steel bar 2 that is connected to the cathode carbon block 1 through the conductor 6 has a stepped projection longitudinal cross-sectional shape that tapers toward the end of the cathode carbon block 1, as shown in FIG. .
  • the section of the cathode steel bar 2 along the length direction near the end of the cathode carbon block 1 is divided into more parts from top to bottom by more slits 3, wherein the lower part is located below.
  • the dividing slit is longer than the dividing slit located above, whereby the portion of the cathode steel bar 2 connected to the cathode carbon block 1 through the electric conductor 6 has a stepped projection longitudinal sectional shape which is tapered toward the end of the cathode carbon block 1.
  • the invention adjusts the combined resistance of the cathode carbon block and the cathode steel rod by changing the structure of the cathode steel rod, the connection manner of the cathode steel rod and the cathode carbon block, without changing the cathode power-off mode, that is, adjusting the aluminum liquid and
  • the resistance between the first equipotential surface in contact with the cathode carbon block and the second equipotential surface at the end of the cathode steel rod connected to the cathode bus bar significantly reduces the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid, resulting in a more cathode current distribution.
  • the hooks are used to improve the stability of the electrolyzer, so that the electrolyzer can be efficiently and stably produced under low pole distance conditions, effectively reducing the energy consumption per ton of aluminum, and the energy saving effect is obvious. Achieve the purpose of reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid.
  • the method capable of greatly reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the cathode structure, and an aluminum electrolytic cell including the cathode structure are described.
  • the specific embodiment of the present patent is also only for the drawing.
  • the method, the cathode structure, and the implementation of the aluminum electrolytic cell including the cathode structure are exemplarily described, but the scope of the patent is defined by the following claims, and is not limited by the examples in the patent. .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une structure de cathode d'une cellule d'électrolyse de l'aluminium, dans laquelle une cathode en barre d'acier est divisée, dans la direction de la hauteur de la cathode en barre d'acier, du haut vers le bas, en au moins deux parties dont une partie supérieure, par un raccord de séparation, dans un segment proche d'une partie d'extrémité d'une cathode en bloc de carbone dans la direction de la longueur, la cathode en barre d'acier est reliée à la cathode en bloc de carbone par un conducteur électrique dans un segment, dans une partie médiane de la cathode en bloc de carbone qui n'est pas divisée, la partie supérieure de la cathode en barre d'acier qui est proche de la partie d'extrémité de la cathode en bloc de carbone et qui est divisée est reliée à la cathode en bloc de carbone par un conducteur électrique, les autres parties qui sont situées sous la partie supérieure sont isolées de la cathode en bloc de carbone par un isolateur et le raccord de séparation est rempli d'un matériau isolant pour raccord de séparation. L'invention concerne également une cellule d'électrolyse de l'aluminium qui comprend la structure de cathode et un procédé permettant d'abaisser un courant horizontal dans un aluminium liquide. Grâce à l'invention, le courant horizontal dans l'aluminium liquide est considérablement abaissé, de sorte que la répartition du courant de cathode soit égalisée, que la stabilité de la cellule d'électrolyse soit améliorée, que la durée de vie de la cellule soit prolongée, que la consommation d'énergie par tonne d'aluminium soit efficacement abaissée et qu'un effet d'économie d'énergie important soit obtenu.
PCT/CN2011/001572 2010-10-19 2011-09-16 Structure de cathode, cellule d'électrolyse de l'aluminium et procédé d'abaissement d'un courant horizontal dans du liquide d'aluminium WO2012051790A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2792415A CA2792415C (fr) 2010-10-19 2011-09-16 Structure de cathode, cellule d'electrolyse de l'aluminium et procede d'abaissement d'un courant horizontal dans du liquide d'aluminium
MYPI2012004600A MY182380A (en) 2010-10-19 2011-09-16 Cathode structure, aluminum electrolytic cell and process for reducing horizontal electric current in liquid aluminum
NO20130672A NO20130672A1 (no) 2010-10-19 2013-05-14 Katodestruktur, aluminiumelektrolysecelle og fremgangsmate for a redusere horisontal elektrisk strom i flytende aluminium

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201010511052.7 2010-10-19
CN201010511052.7A CN102453927B (zh) 2010-10-19 2010-10-19 一种大幅降低铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法

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WO2012051790A1 true WO2012051790A1 (fr) 2012-04-26

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CN (1) CN102453927B (fr)
CA (1) CA2792415C (fr)
MY (1) MY182380A (fr)
NO (1) NO20130672A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012051790A1 (fr)

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US9520618B2 (en) 2013-02-12 2016-12-13 Ambri Inc. Electrochemical energy storage devices
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US9735450B2 (en) 2012-10-18 2017-08-15 Ambri Inc. Electrochemical energy storage devices
US9893385B1 (en) 2015-04-23 2018-02-13 Ambri Inc. Battery management systems for energy storage devices
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