WO2012051789A1 - 具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法 - Google Patents

具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012051789A1
WO2012051789A1 PCT/CN2011/001525 CN2011001525W WO2012051789A1 WO 2012051789 A1 WO2012051789 A1 WO 2012051789A1 CN 2011001525 W CN2011001525 W CN 2011001525W WO 2012051789 A1 WO2012051789 A1 WO 2012051789A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hollow body
geological
grading
soil
manufacturing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001525
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈瑞文
陈庭豪
Original Assignee
Chen Ruiwen
Chen Tinghao
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chen Ruiwen, Chen Tinghao filed Critical Chen Ruiwen
Priority to EP11833695.7A priority Critical patent/EP2631362A4/en
Priority to KR1020137012555A priority patent/KR20130079593A/ko
Priority to RU2013121142/03A priority patent/RU2539452C2/ru
Publication of WO2012051789A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012051789A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/16—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as platelets or granules
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E01C11/226—Coherent pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/50—Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes; Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs, in situ
    • E01C19/508—Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements in situ, e.g. by sectioning a freshly-laid slab
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/003—Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/10—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and cement or like binders
    • E01C7/14—Concrete paving
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/001—Paving elements formed in situ; Permanent shutterings therefor ; Inlays or reinforcements which divide the cast material in a great number of individual units
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2103/00—Civil engineering use
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/20—Drainage details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a geological grading manufacturing method design with disaster prevention and ecological functions, in particular to a pavement or pavement laid on a road, a courtyard or an open space, which can be constructed as an ecological grade layer under the ground, and is gradated. After the rainwater seepage, the rainwater can be effectively and quickly guided and stored in the gradation layer. It can store water and water in a short period of time to reduce flooding and promote microbial strains or soil in the soil. Protozoa obtain a better breeding environment, which keeps the soil moist to adjust the temperature and humidity of the environment to improve soil quality. Background technique
  • the soil Since ancient times, the soil has the function of adsorbing water, and it can be in contact with the atmosphere. When the atmosphere is dry or hot, the soil with sufficient humidity can emit water vapor as a heat exchange with the atmosphere.
  • the function itself also automatically has the function of humidity regulation, thus avoiding the heat island effect.
  • the soil microorganisms mainly include bacteria, eubacteria and archaea, fungi. Filamentous fungi with yeast, algae.
  • the large number of soil protozoans such as amoeba, ciliates, and flagellates contributes a lot to the decomposition of organic matter.
  • insects such as ants, cockroaches, hibiscus, cockroaches, etc. can move the soil or digest biological debris to provide organic matter.
  • Earthworms contribute to the formation of soil aggregates and are useful for ventilation and drainage.
  • Nematodes can digest organic matter or other small organisms.
  • vertebrates such as rodents in the soil, which can dig loose soils and provide excreta to fertilize the soil, and also constitute a member of the underground bio-chain.
  • Soil microbes play an important role in maintaining high quality soil and also affect the global environment. The survival of things is closely related to the changes and advantages and disadvantages of the soil environment.
  • the inventor designed a geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions, which can make the underground gradation layer an ecological gradation layer, can transform the organic matter of the activated soil, and has the advantages of improving global warming.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, and to provide a geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions, which can have the surface of the pavement after the rainwater seeps, can be quickly Storage and retention can reduce the chance of surface flooding, and can also be used to replenish groundwater for use during drought periods, and it can promote the degradation of soil-level stratification under the ground into an ecological grade with high moisture content.
  • the water in the gradation layer can be converted into water vapor and released into the environment to adjust the overall temperature and humidity in the environment, which can avoid the heat island effect, reduce the heat island effect, and improve the earth warming.
  • the role of the soil which allows the underground soil to provide a large number of microbes and soil protozoa, an excellent habitat, through the microbial and soil protozoa effectively cultured, provide a better breeding environment, so the use of soil microorganisms and Soil protozoa to decompose organic matter, promote nitrification, denitrification, and activate soil Improve soil quality ecological benefits.
  • a geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions characterized in that the geological grading layer adopts a general road engineering grading material or a local earthwork, and a hollow body is provided in the grading earthwork, and the hollow body is provided It has a through-hole, which is composed of a hollow body and a graded earthwork.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is an earth-improved hollow body, and a carbon material is filled in the hollow body or a soil improving agent is used for filling.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is a hollow body in a microbial culture, and the microbial strain is filled in the hollow body.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is a water-retaining hollow body, and is filled with a water-containing substance in a hollow body, and the water-containing substance such as sponge or adsorbable moisture is not easily adsorbed by microorganisms Decomposed substance.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is provided with a through hole and is synthesized by a pair of two half-shells.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is provided with a through hole and is blown
  • the gas forming technology is processed into one piece.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is provided with a through hole, and is integrally formed by injection molding technology.
  • the geological grading manufacturing method with disaster prevention and ecological functions wherein the hollow body is provided in the gradation layer, wherein the hollow body can adopt a plurality of hollow body units which are concentrated in a mesh bag and bundled into a bag shape. .
  • the effective gain of the present invention lies mainly in the use of local existing earthwork, or general road engineering materials, including sand or soil or gravel or mixed permeable concrete, and the most important is to add special equipment.
  • the hollow body is made into an ecological grade.
  • the ecological graded layer has a supporting pavement, which has the functions of storing water, retaining water and improving soil.
  • the soil microorganisms and the protozoa in the soil create a favorable living environment in the soil, which can alleviate the heat island effect. And when it rains, it can keep water and store water for drought use, and reduce the chance of flooding on the surface.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the surface of the pavement can be quickly stored and retained after being oozing, which can reduce the chance of surface flooding, and can also be used for replenishing groundwater for use in a dry period, and it can make the ground
  • the degradation of the lower soil layer is promoted into an ecological grade layer, which contains high moisture and moisture.
  • the water of the graded layer can be converted into water vapor and released into the environment to adjust the overall environment.
  • Temperature and humidity It can avoid the heat island effect, or reduce the heat island effect, and can improve the role of global warming. It can also provide underground soil with a large number of microbes and soil protozoa.
  • Soil protozoa are effectively cultured and provide a better breeding environment, so soil microbes and soil protozoa can be used to decompose organic matter, promote nitrification, denitrify, activate soil, and improve soil ecological environment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an artificial stratum structure by applying the grading layer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the addition of a hollow body to the gradation layer of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a structural view of a hollow body of different functions in the grading layer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the construction of a water permeable pavement on a gradation layer according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the completion of the water permeable pavement on the gradation layer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of concentrating the hollow body of the gradation layer of the present invention.
  • the geological structure constructed by the embodiment includes a water source layer 10, a ground soil layer 20, a gradation layer 30, a barrier layer 40, a water guiding layer 50, and a surface pavement 60.
  • the grading layer 30 described therein adopts local existing earthwork or general road engineering grading materials, including sandstone or clay or gravel or mixed permeable concrete, and most of them are specially designed.
  • the hollow body 31 is prepared by mixing the elements and laying them on the bottom layer of the ground, and compacting them with moderate pressure.
  • the grading layer structure of the present invention is mainly provided with a special function hollow body 31 in a general road grading material or a local earthwork, and the hollow body is in the casing.
  • a plurality of through holes 32 are provided in the upper portion.
  • the earthwork applied by the grading layer including sand or soil or gravel or mixed permeable concrete, may also be used in combination with other environmentally friendly materials that can be used as paving materials;
  • the hollow body 31 having a special function is preferably formed into a circular shape, and the circular shape can be subjected to the maximum compressive stress on either side, and the largest void space in the layer can be provided.
  • the hollow body 31 If it is a variety of other geometric shapes, it can also be applied for this purpose.
  • the hollow body 31 can be set as a half-shell half 31a, 31b, which can be combined into a hollow body by bonding, or a class surface can be formed into a hollow body or a design.
  • the hollow body is formed by the buckle structure buckle, or the hollow body is processed by the blow molding technology and the pouring forming technology; the preferred material can be made of plastic, or can be recycled by other feasible traditional materials or Made of environmentally friendly material, and the hollow body casing has a thick wall thickness, and the casing is provided with a plurality of through holes 32.
  • the hollow body 31 to which the present invention is applied may be assembled into a hollow body for engineering of different functions, including a disaster-preventing water storage hollow body or an earth-modified hollow body or a microorganism-cultivating hollow body or a A kind of water-retaining hollow body. Or a hollow body that can be applied to the local ecology.
  • the hollow body of the casing When the hollow body of the casing is provided as a disaster-preventing water storage body, the hollow body 31 having the through hole 32 is mixed in the gradation layer 30, so when the rainfall is large on the local surface, the surface pavement 60 is guided. After the rainwater, the material of the grading layer 30 can provide water saturation to the inner space of each hollow hollow body 31, and the moisture of the grading layer will overflow into the hollow body space through the through hole 32 of the casing, thereby achieving a shorter Time has the chance to prevent regional flooding. After the surface rainwater is no longer infiltrated, it will slowly infiltrate to the underground soil layer 20 and the groundwater source layer 10 at a certain time. The short-term storage of the hollow body by the disaster prevention storage The water slowly releases the internal water, so that the ground can be effectively drained for a short period of time and the groundwater can be replenished.
  • the soil-improved hollow body 31 is filled with a carbon material 33, such as activated carbon or a long carbon, in the hollow body, or is filled with a soil improving agent as required by the local soil quality, so that the soil-improved hollow body is mixed in the gradation.
  • the carbonic acid 33 can be used to pass the infiltrated water to the acid or the harmful substances in the soil or in the water. And activated, which can achieve the effect of improving soil quality.
  • the microorganism culture hollow body 31 is filled with a microbial strain 34 in a hollow body, and provides a large number of microorganisms as an excellent bed place, so that the microorganism culture hollow body is mixed in the gradation layer material, and the microorganism is effectively Cultivation, providing a better space for reproduction, so that soil microbes can be used to decompose organic matter, promote nitrification, denitrification, and improve the ecological environment.
  • the water-retaining hollow body 31 is filled in the hollow body with a water-containing substance 35, such as sponge or a substance which can adsorb moisture but is not easily decomposed by microorganisms, and the water-retaining hollow body is mixed in the gradation layer by water Substance 35 enables the infiltration of water to pass through, so as to achieve the advantage that the adsorbed water is not easily lost, and provides the nourishment of microbial moisture, thereby achieving the effect of improving soil water retention and soil water content in arid areas.
  • the groundwater contains a high water content, so it can be converted into water vapor to release water vapor to exchange heat in the environment, avoid the heat island effect, or reduce the heat island effect.
  • the surface pavement of the embodiment in the figure is a water permeable pavement.
  • the water permeable pavement is provided with a tissue structure 61.
  • the organization structure 61 is provided with a plurality of drain pipes 62.
  • the tissue structure 61 is provided with a plastic frame strip connecting the drain pipes. Refill the concrete slurry 63 and solidify into a hard concrete pavement.
  • the surface pavement 60 is not permeable to the water-based pavement, it is laid as a water-permeable surface, such as artificially drilled with a perforated pavement, grass, paved permeable brick, permeable tar, permeable concrete, etc., so that Similarly, the gradation layer 30 to which the present invention is applied can be constructed to have an environmentally-friendly ecological function level, which also has an effect of improving environmental warming.
  • the grading layer 30 is displayed as a hollow body 31 having a special function according to the existing existing earthwork or general road engineering grading material, and
  • the hollow body 31 may have a plurality of hollow body units 32 which are concentrated in a mesh bag and bundled into a bag shape. Then, the plurality of hollow body units 32 are mixed and mixed with the earthwork and then laid into a first-level layer, so that the same effect as before can be obtained.
  • the grading layer designed by the invention can drain the local surface rainwater to the lower gradation layer, and the grading layer can have higher water saturation, and the infiltration rainwater can be quickly hollowed out by the hollow body.
  • the through-hole of the casing overflows and is stored, so the stored moisture can provide the water required for the microorganisms or protozoa in the soil to survive when the soil is dry. It also provides temperature and humidity adjustment of groundwater in arid areas, which is less likely to die for the water supply function of vegetation and avoid soil desertification. For hot climates, the moist soil can release water vapor to reconcile the atmospheric temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Description

具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法设计，尤指一种铺设于道 路、 庭院、 空地的铺面或铺面下， 可建构地面下成为一生态级配层， 于级配层上方地 表当雨水下渗后， 可将雨水有效且快速地被导引且保存于级配层中， 可以短时间内储 水保水降低水灾发生，并可促使土壤中的微生物菌种或土壤中原生动物获取更佳的繁 殖环境， 可令土壤保持湿润以调节环境的温度及湿度作用， 达到改善土质的功能。 背景技术
自古以来， 土壤因具有吸附水份的功用， .又可与大气层相接触， 当大气环境中处 于干燥或炎热时， 充份具有湿润度的土壤便可散发出水蒸气， 作为与大气环境一热交 换作用， 本身亦自动具有湿度调节的功能， 如此可避免热岛效应的产生。
传统常见技术于地底的级配层，大都采用一般道路工程级配材料或依当地现有土 方， 包括可设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土施作充填， 如此的组成虽具有可， 下渗雨水的功能， 且其级配可支撑上层铺面的承载， 但如此传统级配当地面上遇到降 下暴雨时， 该传统级配层对于快速排导雨水的功能较差， 因此则容易使地.面上产生积 水， 而造成水灾。
建构一有效渗水及保水作用的生态级配层， 极为重要。 因为如可具有适当保水作 用， 其可改善土质生态环境， 如此可造就土壤里微生物及土壤中原生动物于土壤中的 有利生存环境空间， 土壤微生物主要包括细菌， 真细菌与古生菌、 真菌， 丝状真菌与 酵母菌、 藻类。 而土壤原生动物如变形虫、 纤毛虫、 鞭毛虫数量庞大， 对于分解有机 质贡献颇大。而土壤里昆虫如蚂蚁、蜈蚣、木虱、螨等， 可搬动土壤或消化生物残骸， 提供有机质。 蚯蚓则有助于土壤团粒形成， 对通气、 排水有 处。 线虫可以消化有机 物或其它小生物。土壤中也有脊椎动物如鼠类， 可挖松土壤并可以提供排泄物施肥土 壤， 也是构成地下生物链的成员。
土壤微生物在维持高品质土壤上， 扮演重要的角色也影响地球环境， 已知土壤生 物的生存与土壤环境的变化及优劣有密切关系。
有鉴于此， 发明人设计一种具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法，.可使地底级 配层成为生态级配层， 可改造活化土壤的有机质， 具有改善地球暖化的优点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的主要技术问题在于， 克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷， 而提供一 种具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 可具有使地表铺面的雨水下渗后, 可 速 被储存且进行保留， 可降低地表水灾发生的机会， 同时也可回补地下水供干旱时期使 用，而且其可使地面下土壤级配层衍变提升成一生态级配层， 含有较高的水份湿润， 当外界气温炎热时， 可将其级配层水份转换成水蒸气释放于环境中， 以调节环境中整 体的温度及湿度， 可避免热岛效应的产生， 或降低热岛效应， 且可改善地球暖化的作 用，又其可使地底土壤提供大量微生物及土壤原生动物一极佳的栖床场所， 借由微生 物及土壤原生动物有效地被培养、提供较佳的繁衍环境， 因而可利用土壤微生物及土 壤原生动物来进行分解有机物质、 推动硝化作用、 进行脱氮作用、 活化土壤、 改善土 质生态环境的好处。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于,所述地质级配层采用 一般道路工程级配材料或现地土方， 于级配土方中设有中空体， 中空体设有透孔， 使 中空体与级配土方混拌后组成。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该中空体为一土质改良中空 体， 于中空体内填装设有碳物质或装填使用土质改良剂。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该中空体为一微生物培养中 空体， 于中空体内填装设有微生物菌种。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该中空体为一保水中空体， 于中空体内填装设有含水物质，含水物质如海棉或可吸附水份但不易被微生物分解的 物质。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该中空体设有透孔， 由两剖 半的外壳对合成。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该中空体设有透孔， 釆用吹 气成型技术加工制成一体成型。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该中空体设有透孔， 采用灌 注成型技术加工制成一体成型。
所述具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其中，该于级配层中所设中空体， 其中空体可以采多粒集中于一网袋而包束成袋状的中空体单元。
本发明的有效增益， 在于主要为采用依当地现有土方， 或一般道路工程绥配材 料， 包括设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土等之外， 最主要是加设有特殊设制 的中空体， 成为一生态级配层。 生态级配层具有支撑路面， 具有储水、 保水及改良土 质功效， 土壤微生物及土壤中原生动物于土壤中营造有利生存环境， 可减缓热岛效 应。 且当降雨时， 可保水且储水供干旱使用， 及降低地表发生水灾的机会。
本发明的有益效果是， 可具有使地表铺面的雨水下渗后， 可快速被储存且进行保 留， 可降低地表水灾发生的机会， 同时也可回补地下水供干旱时期使用，而且其可使 地面下土壤级配层衍变提升成一生态级配层， 含有较高的水份湿润， 当外界气温炎热 时，可将其级配层水份转换成水蒸气释放于环境中，以调节环境中整体的温度及湿度 . 可避免热岛效应的产生， 或降低热岛效应， 且可改善地球暖化的作用，又其可使地底 土壤提供大量微生物及土壤原生动物一极佳的栖床场所，借由微生物及土壤原生动物 有效地被培养、提供较佳的繁衍环境， 因而可利用土壤微生物及土壤原生动物来进行 分解有机物质、推动硝化作用、进行脱氮作用、活化土壤、改善土质生态环境的好处。 附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图 1为应用本发明级配层施筑人工地层结构示意图。
图 2为本发明级配层添设中空体示意图。
图 3为本发明级配层中不同功能中空体的结构图。
图 4为本发明于级配层上建构透水性铺面示意图。
图 5为本发明于级配层上透水性铺面完成示意图。
图 6为本发明级配层中空体集中成袋实施例示意图。
具体实施方式
请参图 1所示， 本发明的一种具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 如图于一 实施例建构的地质结构中， 包括具有水源层 10、 地底土壤层 20、 级配层 30、 介隔层 40、.导水层 50及地表铺面 60。 其中所述的该级配层 30， 采用依当地现有土方或一般 道路工程级配材料， 包括可设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土之外， 最主要是 设有特殊设制的中空体 31， 使各元素混拌后铺设于地底底层， 并经适度施压夯实。
请参图 2、 图 3所示， 本发明级配层构造， 最主要是在一般道路级配材料或现地 土方之中， 加设有特殊功能的中空体 31，， 该中空体于壳体上设有多个的透孔 32。
而级配层所应用土方， 包括可设有砂石或泥土或碎石或混合透水混凝土之外，亦 可混惨其它对环境无害可作为铺设物的级配料皆可使用；而所述设有特殊作用的中空 体 31， 该中空体 31较佳为制呈圆形状， 因圆形于任一面侧可为承受最大的压应力， 且能提 ^级配层里最大的空隙空间。 但中空体 31.如为其它各种几何形体， 亦可为此 处应用。
请参图 3所示， 如图该中空体 31可设为两剖半的半壳 31a、 31b , 可为以黏结而 结合成中空体，或对合端设置阶级面嵌合成中空体，或设计以扣合结构扣组成中空体， 或采用吹气成型技术、灌注成型技术加工制成一体成型的中空体； 较佳制成材料可为 塑料制成，亦可为以其它可行的传统材料或再生环保材料制成， 且中空体外壳具有较 厚的壁厚， 外壳上设有多个的透孔 32.。 本发朋所应用的中空体 31， 可视需要组装成 不同功能的工程用中空体，包括可为一种防灾储水中空体或一种土质改良中空体或一 种微生物培养中空体或一种保水中空体。 或可为当地生态所需应用的中空体。
所述当应用成一防灾储水中空体时，将壳体设制具有透孔 32的中空体 31混拌于 级配层 30中， 因此当地面上大量降雨时'， 借地表铺面 60导下雨水后， 该级配层 30 材料中可使各空心的中空体 31 内部空间提供含水饱合， 级配层的水份将由壳体上透 孔 32溢入中空体内空间中， 进而可达到较短时间具有防范区域水灾发生的机率， 待 地表面雨水不再下渗之后，经特定时间再慢慢下渗至地底土壤层 20及地下水源层 10，. 借由防灾储水中空体的短暂储水再缓慢地释出内部含水，如此可使地面上获致一短时 间有效快速排水并可补充地下水的功能。
所述土质改良中空体 31于中空体内填装设有碳物质 33 , 例如活性碳或备长炭， 或视当地土质所需而装填使用土质改良剂， 使土质改良中空体被混拌于级配层中， 可 '借由碳物质 33使下渗水流经过时， 以达到吸附土壤中或水中的酸化物质或有害物质 并加以活化， 进而可达到具有改善土质的功效。
所述微生物培养中空体 31于中空体内填装设有微生物菌种 34, 提供大量微生物 一极佳的栖床场所， 使微生物培养中空体混拌于级配层材料中， 借由微生物有效的被 培养， 提供较佳的繁衍环境空间， 因而可利用土壤微生物来进行分解有机物质、推动 硝化作用、 进行脱氮作用、 改善土质生态环境的好处。
所述保水中空体 31于中空体内填装设有含水物质 35 , 例如海棉或可吸附水份但- 不易被微生物分解的物质， 使保水中空体混拌于级配层中， 可借由含水物质 35使下 渗水流经过时， 以达到吸附水份不易流失的优点， 提供微生物水份的滋养， 进而可达 到具有改善干旱地区土壤保水及土质含水量的功效。然当地面上高温炎热时， 可因地 质含有较高含水度，因此可转化为水蒸气而向外释出水蒸气，以进行环境中的热交换， 避免热岛效应的发生， 或降低热岛效应。
请参图 4、 图 5所示， 如图为本发明于铺设好级配层 30之后， 在于级配层 30上 建构地表铺面 60示意图。 且图中实施例的地表铺面为一透水性铺面， 该透水性铺面 设有一组织架构 61 , 组织架构 61中设有多个排水管 62， 该组织架构 61设置有连系 排水管的塑料框条， 再灌注混凝土浆 63而凝固成一坚硬混凝土铺面。 同时， 该地表 铺面 60如未采透水性铺面设置， 而铺设为具透水功能地表， 如采人工钻设具透水孔 铺面、 草地、 铺透水砖、 透水柏油、 透水混凝土等可透水方式形成， 如此同样可达到 应用本发明的级配层 30建构具环保生态性功 '能级配层， 同样具有可对环境暖化改善 的效果。
、 请参图 6所示， 于本图实施例中， 显示该级配层 30为采用依当地现有土方或一 般道路工程级配材料， 混拌本发明设有特殊作用的中空体 31， 且其中空体 31可以多 粒集中于一网袋而包束成袋状的中空体单元 32。 再将集中多个的中空体单元 32混拌 现地土方后加铺成一级配层， 如此亦可获得与前揭相同的效果。
综上所述， 本发明所设计的级配层， 可当地表面雨水排水至下方的级配层后，.利 用级配层能具较高含水饱合度， 而使下渗雨水快速由中空体的壳体透孔溢入而储存， 因此该储存的水份能提供土壤里微生物或原生动物于土壤干旱时生存所需水份。也提 供干旱地区的地下水份温度及湿度调节， 对于草木水份供给功能可较不易枯死， 并避 免土壤沙漠化。 对于气候炎热时更可以使湿润的土壤释出水蒸气， 以调和大气温度， 达到成为环保贡献的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法。
以上所述， 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制, 凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰， 均 仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制 i 方法， 其特征在于，所述地质级配层采 用一般道路工程级配材料或现地土方， 于级配土方中设有中空体， 中空体设有透孔， 使中空体与级配土方混拌后组成。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述中空体为一土质改良中空体， 于中空体内填装设有碳物质或装填使用土质改良 剂。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于， 听述中空体为一微生物培养中空体， 于中空体内填装设有微生物菌种。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述中空体为一保水中空体， 于中空体内填装设有含水物质， 含水物质如海棉或可吸 附水份但不易被微生物分解的物质。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于, 所述中空体设有透孔， 由两剖半的外壳对合成。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述中空体设有透孔， 釆用吹气成型技术加工制成一体成型。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于， 所述中空体设有透孔， 采用灌注成型技术加工制成一体成型。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的具防灾及生态功能的地质级配制造方法， 其特征在于， 于级配层中所设中空体，其中空体可以采多粒集中于一网袋而包束成袋状的中空体单 元
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