WO2012051733A1 - Method and device for obtaining and treating plant fibers - Google Patents

Method and device for obtaining and treating plant fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012051733A1
WO2012051733A1 PCT/CH2011/000252 CH2011000252W WO2012051733A1 WO 2012051733 A1 WO2012051733 A1 WO 2012051733A1 CH 2011000252 W CH2011000252 W CH 2011000252W WO 2012051733 A1 WO2012051733 A1 WO 2012051733A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
silage
water
raw material
fermented mass
mass
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PCT/CH2011/000252
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French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Grass
Original Assignee
Gramitech S.A.
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Application filed by Gramitech S.A. filed Critical Gramitech S.A.
Publication of WO2012051733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012051733A1/en

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/04—Bacteriological retting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from a raw material consisting essentially of grass and / or grasses.
  • the invention also relates to a device for the implementation of this process for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from a raw material consisting essentially of grass and / or grasses.
  • Methods of producing plant fibers are already known, particularly for use as an insulating material or as an additive to building materials such as lime concrete or the like.
  • the process usually consists in grinding the raw material in the dry state, without special preparation, and in separating the fibrous mass from the organic matter which can, in some cases, be used as feed for livestock, or as raw materials for dietary or similar products.
  • hemp, kenaf or grass have been used.
  • US Pat. No. 2,010,147,474 discloses a method for producing an insulating material in the form of plates or the like based on grass, this method producing a first intermediate product in the wet phase and then a second intermediate product for extracting the dry matter from the grass. used.
  • Performing a wet treatment is advantageous because it facilitates the handling of the raw material. Nevertheless, this treatment does not transform this raw material which is mainly in the form of a fibrous mass disposed in a pool of water.
  • the purpose of this manipulation is to create a more or less fluid assembly, the aqueous part representing a high percentage relative to the total mass.
  • This procedure has the disadvantage of promoting the development of fungi with the effect of the contamination of plant fibers that are recovered for use as an insulator or the like, but also as digestible organic substances used for food cattle, for example.
  • the fiber is not transformed and in particular is not relaxed by its stay in the aqueous medium and manipulations of this mass are not simplified by this pretreatment wet phase.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problems mentioned above by providing a method for obtaining and treating plant fibers, in particular based on a raw material consisting essentially of grass, this process making it possible to obtain homogeneous fibers and flexible, non-polluted by fungi or other parasites, in order to achieve thermally insulating elements having a high density of fibers and therefore an important isolation factor.
  • the process according to the invention is characterized in that a preliminary silage of the raw material is carried out for a period sufficient to cause a fermentation which softens the fibers of plant origin, in that an initial rinse is carried out in a tank of said fermented mass after ensilage, in that it is then carried out in suspension of the fermented mass after silage in a cistern containing water, then a separation and recovery of the digestible materials present in the remaining juice by concentration of said juice, and it is carried out a grinding of the residual mass in suspension during which it is torn then sieved and partially dehumidified and then dried.
  • the preliminary silage makes it possible to transform the fibers of the raw material used because it is accompanied by a controlled fermentation that softens the fibers and considerably facilitates both the subsequent manipulations by making it possible to extract the fibers that can be used as insulation and which leads to a very flexible final product with exceptional insulation characteristics.
  • the initial rinsing phase is carried out by mixing the fermented mass after silage in a strong stream of water to remove foreign bodies heavier than water.
  • the suspension of the rinsed raw material is advantageously carried out to create a substantially homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water in the form of a fluid sludge.
  • This substantially homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water is preferably created by maintaining it in a cistern for a period of substantially between 1 and 5 minutes.
  • grinding is carried out in the semi-liquid phase by bringing said homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water by pumping in a machine arranged to tear the fermented mass after silage.
  • treatment additives can be added to the fermented mass after ensiling in a separate water circuit.
  • These treatment additives may include fungicides.
  • the device for implementing the method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one silo silage arranged to perform a pre-treatment of said raw material, means arranged to convey the ensiled raw material to a water flow tray arranged to obtain a fluid slurry by stirring and separation of foreign elements heavier than water, means arranged to transfer said fluid sludge in a tank arranged to suspend the fermented mass after silage in a volume of water, means arranged to separate and recover the digestible materials contained in said sludge, grinding means arranged to tear the residual mass, and a separator-transporter arranged to separate the juice from the crushed material and convey said crushed material to a drying installation.
  • the grinding means comprise shredding elements arranged to shred the fermented mass after ensiling and cut the fibers.
  • the means for transferring the fluid sludge into the tank comprises a pump.
  • the device further comprises means arranged to add treatment additives to the fermented mass after milled silage before drying.
  • FIG. 1 represents a general schematic view of the treatment device according to the invention.
  • the method of the invention is based first of all on an effective control of the harvesting of raw materials and on optimal processing techniques in order to obtain both flexible and homogeneous fibers that can be used in particular to produce thermally insulating materials and soluble substances exploitable for various uses, in particular for feeding animals.
  • the first phase of the process involves mowing grass and / or grasses under adequate moisture conditions, preferably in the early morning after evaporation of dew.
  • the mowing action cuts the stems, which has the effect of evacuating a certain amount of water contained in the plants.
  • the second phase involves silageing the raw material directly after cutting.
  • This operation is characterized by fermentation and development of lactobacilli, in the anaerobic phase, which has the main effect of breaking the protective layer of grass and grasses, which is a kind of relatively hard and hard to break envelope, when the subsequent treatment is done directly by grinding grass and grasses after harvest.
  • sugars are consumed and lactic acid is developed which decreases the pH to a value substantially between 4 and 5.
  • This relatively low pH, combined with the absence of oxygen in Silage silo is ideal for preventing the growth of fungi.
  • large molecules such as those of proteins are broken in the constituents, especially in the amino acids so that they become fully soluble and can be easily separated from the fibrous material.
  • This preliminary silage phase is an essential step to obtain the desired quality of flexibility for fibers based on plant substances such as grass and / or grasses.
  • the third phase consists of washing and rinsing the raw material in a channel-type water basin in which the water is driven by a large current so as to stir the grass and / or grasses. Foreign bodies heavier than water, such as pebbles, sand, metal objects or the like, are separated and deposited at the bottom of the pond.
  • the mass fermented after silage is strongly mixed with water and this mixture of grass and water is in the form of a "slurry" sufficiently liquid to be sucked by a pump and conveyed through pipes.
  • the fourth phase consists of suspending the "mud" of grass in a tank.
  • This suspension phase is followed by a phase of separation of the digestible materials found in the juice obtained, which must then be concentrated by means known per se, for example by evaporation of the water, mechanical means such as centrifugation for the recovery of said digestible materials.
  • fungicidal treatment substances such as copper and / or sulfur, and / or ammonium phosphates or sulphates and / or Boron or boric acid, these substances can also serve as fireproof.
  • the digestible materials obtained can be used for feeding animals or for subsequent treatments, for example for extracting organic acids, vitamins, mineral salts and other substances useful for dietary, cosmetic, medical or paramedical applications. .
  • the fifth step is to grind the fibrous residues after removing the digestible juice.
  • This phase involves grinding and cutting these fibrous residues to chop the fibers.
  • the fibers are washed, then the residual water is eliminated, additives are added and finally the fibers obtained are dried, preferably by a heat treatment which eliminates the water in the form of water vapor.
  • the device 100 required for the preparation of the fibers is schematically represented in FIG. 1.
  • the first phase of treatment of the fermented mass after silage, in this case vegetable substances, in particular grass and / or grasses, is carried out in a silo silo 10, where the raw material undergoes a transformation which breaks the protective layer.
  • the raw material 10a is taken by common means, for example a conveyor belt 10b or similar.
  • the treadmill 10b transports the ensiled raw material 10a into a tray 20 in the form of a water flow channel which brews and separates the foreign elements 20a heavier than water.
  • the raw material 10a, mixed with a large volume of water, is then transferred by means of a pump 20b into a tank 30 for suspending the "mud", called "grass slurry", which is a mixture water and very fluid grass, obtained at the exit of the basin 20. This suspension can last a few days.
  • the grinding is then carried out in an enclosure 40 in which shredding elements 40a are arranged, which can in particular be in the form of a rotor-stator assembly, shredding drums or the like.
  • a screening conveyor 40b then separates the juice A from digestible substances and the ground material B obtained. The latter is then treated by adding the fungicidal treatment substances and dried in a hot air drier or the like.
  • the fibers obtained by this method and this device have characteristics of flexibility and stability which are due essentially to the treatment in aqueous phase. They have no odor, which makes them usable for all technical applications, especially in the field of construction as bulk insulation or panels.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from grass and/or graminaceae. The device (100) comprises a silage silo (10) for carrying out a pretreatment of the raw material (10a), a means (10b) for feeding the ensiled raw material to a tank (20) in order to obtain a fluid sludge by stirring and separating the foreign elements (20a), and a means for transferring the fluid sludge into a cistern (30) in which said raw material (10a) is suspended in a water volume. The device further comprises a means for separating and recovering the digestible materials contained in the sludge, a grinding means (40) for tearing the remaining raw material, and a conveyor-water separator (40b) for finally separating the effluent of the ground material and feeding the ground and treated material to a drying plant.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF POUR L'OBTENTION ET LE TRAITEMENT DE FIBRES VEGETALES  METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OBTAINING AND PROCESSING PLANT FIBERS
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne un procédé pour l'obtention et le traitement de fibres d'origine végétale, notamment de fibres obtenues à base d'une matière première constituée essentiellement d'herbe et/ou de graminées. The present invention relates to a process for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from a raw material consisting essentially of grass and / or grasses.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en œuvre de ce procédé d'obtention et de traitement de fibres d'origine végétale, notamment de fibres obtenues à base d'une matière première constituée essentiellement d'herbe et/ou de graminées. The invention also relates to a device for the implementation of this process for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from a raw material consisting essentially of grass and / or grasses.
Technique antérieure Prior art
On connaît déjà des procédés de production de fibres végétales, notamment en vue d'une utilisation comme matériau isolant ou comme additif à des matériaux de construction tel que le béton de chaux ou similaire. Le procédé consiste habituellement à broyer la matière première à l'état sec, sans préparation particulière, et à séparer la masse fibreuse des matières organiques qui peuvent, dans certains cas, être utilisées comme nourriture pour le bétail, ou comme matières de base pour des produits diététiques ou similaires. Parmi ces matières végétales de base, on a utilisé le chanvre, le kénaf ou l'herbe. Le brevet américain US2010147474 décrit un procédé de fabrication d'un matériau isolant sous forme de plaques ou similaires à base d'herbe, ce procédé réalisant un premier produit intermédiaire en phase humide puis un deuxième produit intermédiaire pour extraire la matière sèche de l'herbe utilisée. Le fait d'effectuer un traitement en milieu humide est avantageux parce qu'il facilite la manutention de la matière première. Néanmoins, ce traitement ne permet pas de transformer cette matière première qui se présente principalement sous la forme d'une masse fibreuse disposée dans un bassin d'eau. Le but de cette manipulation est de créer un ensemble plus ou moins fluide, la partie aqueuse représentant un pourcentage élevé par rapport à la masse totale. Methods of producing plant fibers are already known, particularly for use as an insulating material or as an additive to building materials such as lime concrete or the like. The process usually consists in grinding the raw material in the dry state, without special preparation, and in separating the fibrous mass from the organic matter which can, in some cases, be used as feed for livestock, or as raw materials for dietary or similar products. Among these basic plant materials, hemp, kenaf or grass have been used. US Pat. No. 2,010,147,474 discloses a method for producing an insulating material in the form of plates or the like based on grass, this method producing a first intermediate product in the wet phase and then a second intermediate product for extracting the dry matter from the grass. used. Performing a wet treatment is advantageous because it facilitates the handling of the raw material. Nevertheless, this treatment does not transform this raw material which is mainly in the form of a fibrous mass disposed in a pool of water. The purpose of this manipulation is to create a more or less fluid assembly, the aqueous part representing a high percentage relative to the total mass.
Cette façon de procéder présente l'inconvénient de favoriser le développement de champignons avec pour effet la contamination des fibres végétales que l'on récupère en vue d'une utilisation comme isolant ou similaire, mais également comme substances organiques digestibles qui servent à l'alimentation du bétail, par exemple. This procedure has the disadvantage of promoting the development of fungi with the effect of the contamination of plant fibers that are recovered for use as an insulator or the like, but also as digestible organic substances used for food cattle, for example.
En outre la fibre n'est pas transformée et en particulier n'est pas assouplie par son séjour dans le milieu aqueux et les manipulations de cette masse ne sont pas simplifiées par ce prétraitement en phase humide. In addition the fiber is not transformed and in particular is not relaxed by its stay in the aqueous medium and manipulations of this mass are not simplified by this pretreatment wet phase.
Exposé de l'invention Presentation of the invention
La présente invention apporte une solution aux problèmes évoqués ci- dessus en proposant un procédé d'obtention et de traitement de fibres végétales, notamment à base d'une matière première constituée essentiellement d'herbe, ce procédé permettant d'obtenir des fibres homogènes et souples, non polluées par des champignons ou d'autres parasites, en vue de réaliser des éléments thermiquement isolants ayant une densité élevée de fibres et de ce fait un facteur d'isolation important.  The present invention provides a solution to the problems mentioned above by providing a method for obtaining and treating plant fibers, in particular based on a raw material consisting essentially of grass, this process making it possible to obtain homogeneous fibers and flexible, non-polluted by fungi or other parasites, in order to achieve thermally insulating elements having a high density of fibers and therefore an important isolation factor.
Dans ce but, le procédé selon l'invention, tel que défini en préambule, est caractérisé en ce que en ce que l'on effectue un ensilage préliminaire de la matière première pendant une période suffisante pour provoquer une fermentation qui assouplit les fibres d'origine végétale, en ce que l'on effectue un rinçage initial dans un bac de ladite masse fermentée après ensilage, en ce que l'on effectue ensuite une mise en suspension de la masse fermentée après ensilage dans une citerne contenant de l'eau, puis une séparation et une récupération des matières digestibles présentes dans le jus restant par concentration dudit jus, et en ce que l'on exécute un broyage de la masse résiduelle en suspension au cours de laquelle elle est déchirée puis tamisée et partiellement déshumidifiée et ensuite séchée. For this purpose, the process according to the invention, as defined in the preamble, is characterized in that a preliminary silage of the raw material is carried out for a period sufficient to cause a fermentation which softens the fibers of plant origin, in that an initial rinse is carried out in a tank of said fermented mass after ensilage, in that it is then carried out in suspension of the fermented mass after silage in a cistern containing water, then a separation and recovery of the digestible materials present in the remaining juice by concentration of said juice, and it is carried out a grinding of the residual mass in suspension during which it is torn then sieved and partially dehumidified and then dried.
En effet l'ensilage préliminaire permet de transformer les fibres de la matière première utilisée parce qu'il s'accompagne d'une fermentation contrôlée qui assouplit les fibres et facilite considérablement à la fois les manipulations ultérieures en permettant d'extraire les fibres utilisables comme isolant et qui permet d'aboutir à un produit final très souple et ayant des caractéristiques d'isolation exceptionnelles. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'on effectue la phase de rinçage initial en réalisant un brassage de la masse fermentée après ensilage dans un fort courant d'eau afin d'éliminer les corps étrangers plus lourds que l'eau. In fact, the preliminary silage makes it possible to transform the fibers of the raw material used because it is accompanied by a controlled fermentation that softens the fibers and considerably facilitates both the subsequent manipulations by making it possible to extract the fibers that can be used as insulation and which leads to a very flexible final product with exceptional insulation characteristics. According to a preferred embodiment, the initial rinsing phase is carried out by mixing the fermented mass after silage in a strong stream of water to remove foreign bodies heavier than water.
L'on effectue avantageusement la mise en suspension de la matière première rincée pour créer un mélange sensiblement homogène de masse fermentée après ensilage et d'eau sous la forme d'une boue fluide. Advantageously, the suspension of the rinsed raw material is advantageously carried out to create a substantially homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water in the form of a fluid sludge.
L'on crée de préférence ledit mélange sensiblement homogène de masse fermentée après ensilage et d'eau en le maintenant dans une citerne pendant une durée sensiblement comprise entre 1 et 5 minutes. This substantially homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water is preferably created by maintaining it in a cistern for a period of substantially between 1 and 5 minutes.
L'on effectue de façon avantageuse le broyage en phase semi-liquide en amenant ledit mélange homogène de masse fermentée après ensilage et d'eau par pompage dans une machine agencée pour déchirer la masse fermentée après ensilage. Après la séparation de ladite matière première et du jus l'on peut ajouter des additifs de traitement à la masse fermentée après ensilage dans un circuit d'eau séparé. Advantageously, grinding is carried out in the semi-liquid phase by bringing said homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water by pumping in a machine arranged to tear the fermented mass after silage. After separating said raw material and the juice, treatment additives can be added to the fermented mass after ensiling in a separate water circuit.
Ces additifs de traitement peuvent comprendre des fongicides. These treatment additives may include fungicides.
Le dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un silo d'ensilage agencé pour effectuer un pré-traitement de ladite matière première, des moyens agencés pour acheminer la matière première ensilée vers un bac à courant d'eau agencé pour obtenir une boue fluide par brassage et séparation des éléments étrangers plus lourds que l'eau, des moyens agencés pour transférer ladite boue fluide dans une citerne agencée pour mettre en suspension la masse fermentée après ensilage dans un volume d'eau, des moyens agencés pour séparer et récupérer les matières digestibles contenues dans ladite boue, des moyens de broyage agencés pour déchirer la masse résiduelle, et un transporteur-séparateur agencé pour séparer le jus de la matière broyée et acheminer ladite matière broyée vers une installation de séchage. The device for implementing the method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one silo silage arranged to perform a pre-treatment of said raw material, means arranged to convey the ensiled raw material to a water flow tray arranged to obtain a fluid slurry by stirring and separation of foreign elements heavier than water, means arranged to transfer said fluid sludge in a tank arranged to suspend the fermented mass after silage in a volume of water, means arranged to separate and recover the digestible materials contained in said sludge, grinding means arranged to tear the residual mass, and a separator-transporter arranged to separate the juice from the crushed material and convey said crushed material to a drying installation.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, les moyens de broyage comportent des éléments de déchiquetage agencés pour déchiqueter la masse fermentée après ensilage et couper les fibres. According to a preferred embodiment, the grinding means comprise shredding elements arranged to shred the fermented mass after ensiling and cut the fibers.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré du dispositif selon l'invention, les moyens pour transférer la boue fluide dans la citerne comportent une pompe. De façon avantageuse le dispositif comporte en outre des moyens agencés pour ajouter des additifs de traitement à la masse fermentée après ensilage broyée avant son séchage. Description sommaire des dessins In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the means for transferring the fluid sludge into the tank comprises a pump. Advantageously, the device further comprises means arranged to add treatment additives to the fermented mass after milled silage before drying. Brief description of the drawings
La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels  The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
la figure 1 représente une vue schématique générale du dispositif de traitement selon l'invention.  FIG. 1 represents a general schematic view of the treatment device according to the invention.
Meilleure manière de réaliser l'invention Best way to realize the invention
Le procédé de l'invention s'appuie tout d'abord sur une maîtrise efficace de la récolte des matières premières et sur des techniques de traitement optimales en vue d'obtenir à la fois des fibres souples et homogènes utilisables notamment pour réaliser des panneaux de matériaux isolant thermiquement et des substances solubles exploitables pour des utilisations diverses, notamment pour l'alimentation des animaux. La première phase du procédé consiste à faucher l'herbe et/ou les graminées dans des conditions d'humidité adéquates, de préférence en début de matinée après l'évaporation de la rosée. L'action de fauchage coupe les tiges, ce qui a pour effet d'évacuer une certaine quantité d'eau contenue dans les plantes. On peut également procéder par conditionnement sans coupage des tiges, pour faciliter l'évaporation de l'humidité, la matière restant alors sur le champ pour présécher jusqu'à un taux de matière sèche de 20 à 35%.  The method of the invention is based first of all on an effective control of the harvesting of raw materials and on optimal processing techniques in order to obtain both flexible and homogeneous fibers that can be used in particular to produce thermally insulating materials and soluble substances exploitable for various uses, in particular for feeding animals. The first phase of the process involves mowing grass and / or grasses under adequate moisture conditions, preferably in the early morning after evaporation of dew. The mowing action cuts the stems, which has the effect of evacuating a certain amount of water contained in the plants. We can also proceed by conditioning without cutting the stems, to facilitate the evaporation of moisture, the material then remaining on the field to pre-dry to a solids content of 20 to 35%.
La deuxième phase consiste à effectuer l'ensilage de la matière première directement après la coupe. Cette opération se caractérise par une fermentation et le développement de lactobacilles, en phase anaérobie, ce qui a pour effet principalement de casser la couche protectrice de l'herbe et des graminées, qui constitue une sorte d'enveloppe relativement dure et difficile à briser, lorsque le traitement ultérieur se fait directement par broyage de l'herbe et des graminées après la récolte. Au cours de la phase d'ensilage des sucres sont consommés et il se développe de l'acide lactique qui fait décroître le PH à une valeur sensiblement comprise entre 4 et 5. Ce PH relativement bas, combiné à l'absence d'oxygène dans le silo d'ensilage, constitue des conditions idéales pour empêcher la croissance de champignons. En outre, dans cet ensilage les grosses molécules telles que celles des protéines sont cassées dans les constituants, notamment dans les acides aminés ce qui fait que ceux-ci deviennent entièrement solubles et peuvent être séparés facilement de la matière fibreuse. Le fait de casser l'enveloppe protectrice a pour résultat de rendre les fibres souples et beaucoup plus accessibles au broyage. Cette phase d'ensilage préliminaire constitue une étape essentielle pour obtenir la qualité de souplesse recherchée pour les fibres à base de substances végétales telles que par exemple l'herbe et/ou les graminées. La troisième phase consiste à laver et rincer la matière première dans un bassin à eau du type canal dans lequel l'eau est animée par un courant important de façon à brasser l'herbe et/ou les graminées. Les corps étrangers plus lourds que l'eau, tels que des cailloux, du sable, des objets métalliques ou similaires, sont séparés et se déposent au fond du bassin. La masse fermentée après ensilage est fortement mélangée à de l'eau et ce mélange d'herbe et d'eau se présente sous la forme d'une "boue" suffisamment liquide pour pouvoir être aspirée par une pompe et véhiculée à travers des tuyaux. Dans la pratique, la quantité d'eau utilisée est de l'ordre de 3 à 8 m3 d'eau par tonne de matière première végétale. La quatrième phase consiste à une mise en suspension de la "boue" d'herbe dans un bac. Cette phase de suspension est suivie d'une phase de séparation des matières digestibles qui se trouvent dans le jus obtenu qu'il convient alors de concentrer par des moyens connus en soi, par exemple par évaporation de l'eau, des moyens mécaniques comme la centrifugation pour la récupération desdites matières digestibles. Après cette phase de séparation on additionne aux matières obtenues, dans un circuit d'eau séparé, des substances de traitement fongicides, telles que du cuivre et/ou du soufre, et/ou des phosphates ou des sulfates d'ammonium et/ou du bore ou acide borique, ces substances pouvant aussi servir comme anti-feu. The second phase involves silageing the raw material directly after cutting. This operation is characterized by fermentation and development of lactobacilli, in the anaerobic phase, which has the main effect of breaking the protective layer of grass and grasses, which is a kind of relatively hard and hard to break envelope, when the subsequent treatment is done directly by grinding grass and grasses after harvest. During the silage phase, sugars are consumed and lactic acid is developed which decreases the pH to a value substantially between 4 and 5. This relatively low pH, combined with the absence of oxygen in Silage silo is ideal for preventing the growth of fungi. In addition, in this silage large molecules such as those of proteins are broken in the constituents, especially in the amino acids so that they become fully soluble and can be easily separated from the fibrous material. To break the protective casing results in making the fibers flexible and much more accessible to grinding. This preliminary silage phase is an essential step to obtain the desired quality of flexibility for fibers based on plant substances such as grass and / or grasses. The third phase consists of washing and rinsing the raw material in a channel-type water basin in which the water is driven by a large current so as to stir the grass and / or grasses. Foreign bodies heavier than water, such as pebbles, sand, metal objects or the like, are separated and deposited at the bottom of the pond. The mass fermented after silage is strongly mixed with water and this mixture of grass and water is in the form of a "slurry" sufficiently liquid to be sucked by a pump and conveyed through pipes. In practice, the amount of water used is in the order of 3 to 8 m 3 of water per ton of plant material. The fourth phase consists of suspending the "mud" of grass in a tank. This suspension phase is followed by a phase of separation of the digestible materials found in the juice obtained, which must then be concentrated by means known per se, for example by evaporation of the water, mechanical means such as centrifugation for the recovery of said digestible materials. After this separation phase, fungicidal treatment substances, such as copper and / or sulfur, and / or ammonium phosphates or sulphates and / or Boron or boric acid, these substances can also serve as fireproof.
Les matières digestibles obtenues peuvent être utilisées pour l'alimentation des animaux ou pour des traitements ultérieurs, destinés par exemple à extraire des acides organiques, des vitamines, des sels minéraux et d'autres substances utiles pour des applications diététiques, cosmétiques, médicales ou paramédicales. The digestible materials obtained can be used for feeding animals or for subsequent treatments, for example for extracting organic acids, vitamins, mineral salts and other substances useful for dietary, cosmetic, medical or paramedical applications. .
La cinquième étape consiste à effectuer le broyage des résidus fibreux après élimination du jus de matières digestibles. Cette phase consiste à broyer et à découper ces résidus fibreux pour hacher les fibres. Au cours de cette phase on lave les fibres, puis on élimine l'eau résiduelle, on ajoute des additifs et finalement on sèche les fibres obtenues, de préférence par un traitement thermique qui élimine l'eau sous forme de vapeur d'eau. Le dispositif 100 requis pour la préparation des fibres est schématiquement représenté par la figure 1. La première phase de traitement de la masse fermentée après ensilage, en l'occurrence des substances végétales, notamment de l'herbe et/ou des graminées se passe dans un silo d'ensilage 10, où la matière première subit une transformation qui casse la couche protectrice. Après cette phase d'ensilage qui peut durer plusieurs jours, voire plusieurs semaines, voire jusqu'à 1 à 2 ans, la matière première 10a est prélevée par des moyens courants, par exemple un tapis roulant 10b ou similaire. Le tapis roulant 10b transporte la matière première ensilée 10a dans un bac 20 en forme de canal à courant d'eau qui la brasse et sépare les éléments étrangers 20a plus lourds que l'eau. La matière première 10a, mélangée à un fort volume d'eau, est ensuite transférée au moyen d'une pompe 20b dans une citerne 30 de mise en suspension de la "boue", appelée "slurry" d'herbe, qui est un mélange d'eau et d'herbe très fluide, obtenue à la sortie du bassin 20. Cette mise en suspension peut durer quelques jours. Le broyage s'effectue ensuite dans une enceinte 40 dans laquelle sont disposés des éléments de déchiquetage 40a pouvant notamment se présenter sous la forme d'un ensemble rotor-stator, de tambours de déchiquetage ou similaires. Un transporteur-tamiseur 40b sépare ensuite le jus A de substances digestibles et la matière broyée B obtenue. Cette dernière est ensuite traitée par ajout des substances de traitement fongicides et séchée dans un séchoir à air chaud ou similaire. The fifth step is to grind the fibrous residues after removing the digestible juice. This phase involves grinding and cutting these fibrous residues to chop the fibers. During this phase, the fibers are washed, then the residual water is eliminated, additives are added and finally the fibers obtained are dried, preferably by a heat treatment which eliminates the water in the form of water vapor. The device 100 required for the preparation of the fibers is schematically represented in FIG. 1. The first phase of treatment of the fermented mass after silage, in this case vegetable substances, in particular grass and / or grasses, is carried out in a silo silo 10, where the raw material undergoes a transformation which breaks the protective layer. After this silage phase which can last several days, even several weeks, or even up to 1 to 2 years, the raw material 10a is taken by common means, for example a conveyor belt 10b or similar. The treadmill 10b transports the ensiled raw material 10a into a tray 20 in the form of a water flow channel which brews and separates the foreign elements 20a heavier than water. The raw material 10a, mixed with a large volume of water, is then transferred by means of a pump 20b into a tank 30 for suspending the "mud", called "grass slurry", which is a mixture water and very fluid grass, obtained at the exit of the basin 20. This suspension can last a few days. The grinding is then carried out in an enclosure 40 in which shredding elements 40a are arranged, which can in particular be in the form of a rotor-stator assembly, shredding drums or the like. A screening conveyor 40b then separates the juice A from digestible substances and the ground material B obtained. The latter is then treated by adding the fungicidal treatment substances and dried in a hot air drier or the like.
Les fibres obtenues par ce procédé et ce dispositif présentent des caractéristiques de souplesse et de stabilité qui sont dues essentiellement au traitement en phase aqueuse. Elles n'ont pas d'odeur, ce qui les rend utilisables pour toutes les applications techniques, notamment dans le domaine de la construction comme isolant en vrac ou en panneaux. The fibers obtained by this method and this device have characteristics of flexibility and stability which are due essentially to the treatment in aqueous phase. They have no odor, which makes them usable for all technical applications, especially in the field of construction as bulk insulation or panels.
Différentes variantes ou différents compléments peuvent être imaginés, mais elles ne dépassent pas le cadre des modifications évidentes pour l'homme du métier et s'intègrent dans le champ de la présente invention. Different variants or different complements can be imagined, but they do not go beyond the scope of obvious modifications for those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

Revendications  claims
Procédé d'obtention et de traitement de fibres d'origine végétale, notamment de fibres obtenues à base d'une matière première constituée essentiellement d'herbe et/ou de graminées, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue un ensilage préliminaire de la matière première pendant une période suffisante pour provoquer une fermentation qui assouplit les fibres d'origine végétale, en ce que l'on effectue un rinçage initial dans un bac de ladite masse fermentée après ensilage, en ce que l'on effectue ensuite une mise en suspension de la masse fermentée après ensilage dans une citerne contenant de l'eau, puis une séparation et une récupération des matières digestibles présentes dans le jus restant par concentration dudit jus, et en ce que l'on exécute un broyage de la masse résiduelle en suspension au cours de laquelle elle est déchirée puis tamisée et partiellement déshumidifiée et ensuite séchée. Process for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from a raw material consisting essentially of grass and / or grasses, characterized in that a preliminary silage of the material is carried out first for a period sufficient to cause a fermentation which softens the fibers of plant origin, in that an initial rinse is carried out in a tank of said fermented mass after silage, in that it is then carried out a suspension the fermented mass after silage in a cistern containing water, then a separation and a recovery of the digestible matter present in the remaining juice by concentration of said juice, and in that one carries out a grinding of the residual mass in suspension during which it is torn then sieved and partially dehumidified and then dried.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue la phase de rinçage initial en réalisant un brassage de la masse fermentée après ensilage dans un fort courant d'eau afin d'éliminer les corps étrangers plus lourds que l'eau. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the initial rinsing phase is carried out by stirring the fermented mass after silage in a strong stream of water in order to remove foreign bodies heavier than water.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue la mise en suspension de la masse fermentée après ensilage rincée pour créer un mélange sensiblement homogène de matière première et d'eau sous la forme d'une boue fluide. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fermented mass is suspended after rinsed silage in order to create a substantially homogeneous mixture of raw material and water in the form of a fluid sludge.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on crée ledit mélange sensiblement homogène de masse fermentée après ensilage et d'eau en le maintenant dans une citerne pendant une durée sensiblement comprise entre 1 et 5 minutes. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one creates said substantially homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water holding it in a tank for a period of time substantially between 1 and 5 minutes.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue le broyage en phase semi-liquide en amenant ledit mélange homogène de masse fermentée après ensilage et d'eau par pompage dans une machine agencée pour déchirer ladite matière première. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding is carried out in the semi-liquid phase by bringing said homogeneous mixture of fermented mass after silage and water by pumping into a machine arranged to tear said raw material.
Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute des additifs de traitement à la matière première, après la séparation de ladite masse fermentée après ensilage et du jus, dans un circuit d'eau séparé. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that processing additives are added to the raw material, after separation of said fermented mass after silage and juice, in a separate water circuit.
Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdits additifs comprennent des fongicides. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that said additives comprise fungicides.
Dispositif (100) pour l'obtention et le traitement de fibres d'origine végétale, notamment de fibres obtenues à base d'une matière première constituée essentiellement d'herbe et/ou de graminées, pour la mise en œuvre de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un silo d'ensilage (10) agencé pour effectuer un prétraitement de ladite masse fermentée après ensilage (10a), des moyens (10b) agencés pour acheminer la masse fermentée après ensilage vers un bac (20) à courant d'eau agencé pour obtenir une boue fluide par brassage et séparation des éléments étrangers (20a) plus lourds que l'eau, des moyens agencés pour transférer ladite boue fluide dans une citerne (30) agencée pour mettre en suspension la matière première (10a) dans un volume d'eau, des moyens agencés pour séparer et récupérer les matières digestibles contenues dans ladite boue, des moyens de broyage (40) agencés pour déchirer la masse résiduelle, et un transporteur-séparateur d'eau (40b) agencé pour séparer le jus de la matière broyée et acheminer ladite matière broyée puis traitée vers une installation de séchage. Device (100) for obtaining and treating fibers of plant origin, in particular fibers obtained from a raw material consisting essentially of grass and / or grasses, for the implementation of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one silo silage (10) arranged to carry out a pretreatment of said fermented mass after silage (10a), means (10b) arranged to convey the fermented mass after silage to a tray (20) with a flow of water arranged to obtain a fluid slurry by stirring and separation of foreign elements (20a) heavier than water, means arranged to transfer said fluid sludge in a tank (30) arranged to suspend the raw material (10a) in a volume of water, means arranged to separate and recover the digestible matter contained in said sludge, grinding means (40) arranged to tear the residual mass, and a water-separating conveyor (40b) arranged to separate the juice from the milled material and convey said milled and then treated material to a drying plant.
Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de broyage (40) comporte des éléments de déchiquetage (40a) agencés pour déchiqueter la masse fermentée après ensilage (10a) et couper les fibres. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the grinding means (40) comprises shredding elements (40a) arranged to shred the fermented mass after silage (10a) and cut the fibers.
Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour transférer la boue fluide dans la citerne (30) comportent une pompe (20b). Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the means for transferring the fluid slurry into the tank (30) comprise a pump (20b).
Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens agencés pour ajouter des additifs de traitement à la masse fermentée après ensilage broyée avant son séchage. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises means arranged to add treatment additives to the fermented mass after milled silage before drying.
PCT/CH2011/000252 2010-10-22 2011-10-21 Method and device for obtaining and treating plant fibers WO2012051733A1 (en)

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WO2018219114A1 (en) * 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 大庆天之草生物新材料科技有限公司 Motion-type inoculation apparatus and method for herbaceous fiber raw material

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