WO2012045478A1 - Pwm-dimmen von leuchtmitteln - Google Patents
Pwm-dimmen von leuchtmitteln Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012045478A1 WO2012045478A1 PCT/EP2011/005056 EP2011005056W WO2012045478A1 WO 2012045478 A1 WO2012045478 A1 WO 2012045478A1 EP 2011005056 W EP2011005056 W EP 2011005056W WO 2012045478 A1 WO2012045478 A1 WO 2012045478A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dimming
- pulse
- duty cycle
- power value
- steps
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/375—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using buck topology
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling an electrical load, preferably for dimming a light source, by supplying the consumer with a train of pulses whose pulse width is variable in discrete steps.
- digital control signals are transmitted by the control unit, which are converted on the receiver side into discrete analogue dimming values and then processed into a pulse train whose pulses are then pulse-width-modulated in accordance with the discrete analogue dimming values.
- microprocessors For the conversion of the digital control signals first into discrete analogue dimming values and then into pulse width modulated pulses, microprocessors are used which consist of
- the function representing the dependence of the pulse duty cycle of the pulse train on the analog dimming values is a staircase function whose staircase jumps are at least in the lower one
- Brightness range are so large that the human eye perceives changes in the dimming value as brightness jumps.
- the object of the invention is to convert a static or dynamic dimming value into a PWM signal with improved resolution which can be changed in discrete steps with regard to its duty cycle, ie into a plurality of intermediate values.
- the temporal mean can be placed in intermediate steps between two discrete duty cycle steps.
- the invention relates to a method for dimming control of an electrical load, preferably a light source, such as LED or OLED, wherein to achieve a predetermined current or power value for the lamp, a PWM signal is used with adjustable in discrete steps duty cycle, wherein to achieve the duty ratio is changed depending on whether the predetermined current or power value exceeds or falls below the predetermined current or power value, such that a repeated change between the two steps of the discretely variable duty cycle occurs when the predetermined current or power value is not reached due to the control loop, the repeated change takes place according to a predeterminable pattern.
- a PWM signal is used with adjustable in discrete steps duty cycle, wherein to achieve the duty ratio is changed depending on whether the predetermined current or power value exceeds or falls below the predetermined current or power value, such that a repeated change between the two steps of the discretely variable duty cycle occurs when the predetermined current or power value is not reached due to the control loop, the repeated change takes place according to a predeterminable pattern.
- a method for dimming control of an electrical load preferably a light source, such as LED or OLED proposed.
- a pulse signal with adjustable in discrete steps on-time is used. If the desired operating parameter is not reached, the pulse signal is formed by a combination of two pulse trains with different switch-on time due to the limited number of discrete steps of the adjustable switch-on time, wherein these are selected such that the first pulse train has a switch-on time which corresponds to the specification for reaching the desired operating parameter to the next, and the second pulse train in its on-time preferably by a discrete step deviates up or down from the first pulse train.
- an analogue or digital dimming preset value is converted into a PWM signal with a duty cycle that can be set in discrete steps for dimming.
- a constant dimming setpoint is implemented by selecting from a group of the PWM pulses a subgroup having at least one PWM pulse and whose duty cycle is equal to that of the PWM pulse remaining PWM pulses preferably by a discrete step up or down deviates.
- the number of PWM pulses of the subgroup with different duty cycle can be successively increased, for example until all PWM pulses have the deviating duty cycle.
- the successive change in the number of PWM pulses of the subgroup with different duty cycle, with a corresponding change in the Dimming value would also be distributed evenly over several discrete steps of the PWM duty cycle over a given dimming period, within which a dimming value deviating from a first value is to be controlled.
- the position of the PWM pulses within the group can be changed periodically or quasi-randomly, for example to reduce resonances.
- the dimming preset value can be present digitally and resolved over a dimming range into a higher number of steps than the number of steps provided for the change of the duty cycle.
- the frequency of the PWM pulses can be selected to be so high that a flickering of the brightness of the light emitted by the luminous means due to the generation of the intermediate values is no longer perceived by the inertia of the human eye.
- the frequency of the PWM pulses can be selected, for example, higher than 200 Hz.
- the invention also relates to an integrated circuit, in particular ASIC, microprocessor or hybrid thereof, which circuit is designed to carry out a method of the abovementioned type.
- a further aspect relates to a dimmable operating device for lighting means, in particular LEDS or OLEDs, comprising such an integrated circuit.
- the invention also relates to a lighting module, comprising lighting means, in particular LEDs or OLEDs, and a control gear.
- Lighting system comprising at least one lighting module, which is connected via a signal line to a central unit, which is designed for ' emission of dimming specifications, in particular according to the DALI standard.
- the method according to the invention also has the advantage that up- or down-dimming can take place relatively slowly and continuously. In the conventional method, however, switching from one discrete pulse width to the next always occurs simultaneously for all pulse packets and thus abruptly.
- Figure 1 is a graphical representation of
- FIG. 2 shows a detail of a pulse sequence for dimming a luminous means with two discrete pulse widths
- FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of a
- FIG. 6 shows a possible circuit variant for
- a pulse train for control with pulse width-modulated pulses which ultimately serve to adjust the brightness of the light emitted by the light source.
- the change of the duty cycle of the PWM pulses takes place in accordance with the resolution of the microprocessor in discrete steps.
- the resolution for example between 10 and 14 bits, may be less than the resolution of the dimming default value, if this is digital or analog (almost infinitely fine resolution).
- FIG. 1 shows, in two curves, the dependence of the duty cycle of the pulse train or the PMW setting on the discrete analogue dimming values (dimming level).
- the dimming values are given in percent and lie between 0 and 100%. They are discreet and changeable only by a few percent. This means that even the change in the pulse width of the pulses of the pulse train, and thus the duty cycle of the pulse train can be changed only in discrete steps.
- the step size of the discrete analog dimming values depends on the microprocessor used. The higher the bit rate at which the microprocessor used can operate, the smaller the step size of the dimming values, and the smaller the discrete steps between two successive possible pulse widths.
- the pulse width can also vary between 0 and 100%.
- the curve shown in a solid line shows the dependence of the pulse ratio of a pulse train on the discrete analogue dimming values produced with a small but mostly common resolution (here with 10 bits), while the curve shown in dashed lines shows the corresponding dependence shows whose pulse train was generated with a larger resolution (here 15-bit) working microprocessor.
- the curve shown as a solid line is visible staircase-like, while the curve shown as a dashed line shows a seemingly steady course.
- the curve shown as a solid line shows, especially in the lower brightness range between successive discrete dimming values, relatively strong gradations of the pulse width or of the pulse duty factor of the pulse train, which the human eye perceives as unwanted hollows jumps.
- FIG. 2 shows a section of a pulse train with a pulse repetition frequency of e.g. 100 Hz (1 / T) shown.
- the pulses show two successively adjustable pulse widths corresponding to a duty cycle of 25% and 30%.
- the three figures 3 (a), 3 (b) and 4 (a) show measures to generate 3 intermediate values between the two successive pulse widths shown in FIG. 2, such that they have duty ratios of 26.25%, 27, 5% and 28.75%.
- the duty cycle of the pulse train section in Figure 4 (b) corresponds to the larger duty cycle of 30% in Figure 2, however, the pulse repetition frequency of the pulse train in Figure 4 (b) is four times as high as that of the pulse train in Figure 2.
- Figure 3 (a) in a group of four consecutive pulses, only the first one has the larger pulse width (duty cycle 30%) while the other three pulses of the group have the shorter pulse width (duty cycle 25%).
- Figures 1 to 4 show the problem of a limited dimming resolution in a dimming control with a low-frequency dimming signal.
- Another problem can occur if the possible resolution in a high-frequency control, for example, an LED is to be done by means of a switching regulator.
- FIG. 5 c shows an inventive implementation of the method according to the invention. This method is used to control an electrical load, preferably a light source, such as LED or OLED, wherein a high-frequency PWM signal is used with adjustable in discrete steps duty cycle to achieve a predetermined current or power value for the light source.
- a light source such as LED or OLED
- a switching regulator is used with at least one actively clocked switch such as a buck converter, and the power supplied to the LED or the current is set by adjusting the duty cycle of the active clocked switch.
- the duty cycle is dependent on the above or below the given current or power value changed the duty cycle, such that when not reaching the predetermined current or power value, a repeated change between the two steps of the discretely variable duty cycle takes place, which are due to the control loop, the repeated change takes place according to a predetermined pattern.
- the duty cycle is set such that the instantaneous average does not reach the value of the desired average.
- This situation can occur with limited resolution of the possible switch-on time both in an open loop operation and in a closed loop control mode.
- An increase in the switch-on time may, with a limited resolution of the possible switch-on time, result in the desired value for the LED current ILED being exceeded by one step if the switch-on time is increased (shown in FIG. 5b). It is therefore not possible due to the limited resolution of the possible switch-on time, the desired average for the. LED power to reach.
- FIG. 5c A solution according to the invention for the problem described with reference to FIGS. 5a and 5b is shown by way of example in FIG. 5c.
- the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 6 is used to operate at least one (or a plurality of LEDs connected in series and / or in parallel). In the example shown, for example, two LEDs are connected in series, it may of course be only one or more LEDs.
- the LED or the serially and / or parallel-connected LEDs are also referred to below as the LED track.
- the circuit is supplied with a DC voltage U0, which of course can also be a rectified AC voltage.
- the LEDs are connected in series with a coil LI and a first switch Sl.
- the circuit arrangement has a diode D1 (the diode D1 is connected in parallel with the LEDs and the coil L1) and optionally a capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the LEDs.
- the switched-on state of the first switch S1 current flows through the LEDs and through the coil LI, which is thereby magnetized.
- the switched-off state of the first switch Sl the energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil discharges in the form of a current via the diode D1 and the LEDs. In parallel with this, at the beginning of the switching on of the first switch S1, the capacitor C1 is charged.
- Freewheeling phase discharges the capacitor Cl and contributes to the flow of current through the LED track at. With suitable dimensioning of the capacitor Cl, this leads to a smoothing of the current through the LEDs.
- the first switch Sl is preferably a
- the first switch Sl is switched to high-frequency
- Control unit SR is provided which specifies the timing of the first switch Sl to control the LED power.
- the control unit SR can be implemented by a microcontroller, FPGA, PAL or even an application-specific integrated Circuit are formed. It may be possible for the control unit SR to have only a limited resolution of the possible switch-on time for the activation of a switch.
- the control unit SR uses as input variables signals from a first sensor unit SEI and / or signals from a second sensor unit SE2 to determine the exact turn-on and turn-off time of the first switch Sl.
- the first sensor unit SEI is arranged in series with the first switch S1 and detects the current flow through the first switch S1. This serves to monitor the current flow through the first switch Sl. If the current flow through the first switch Sl exceeds a certain maximum reference value, the first switch S1 is switched off.
- the first sensor unit SEI may be, for example, a
- the second sensor unit SE2 is disposed within the current branch, which is traversed by the current during the freewheeling phase, preferably in the vicinity or on the coil LI or in series or parallel to the LED (for example as a current mirror).
- control unit SR can select the appropriate Switching ratio and thus set the appropriate control of the first switch Sl.
- the first switch S1 is preferably regulated in such a way that, based on the setting of the switch-on ratio at a fixed frequency, the switch S1 is activated in such a way that a switch S1 is activated
- Actuation of the switch Sl can thus be dependent on the current and / or the voltage through the LED.
- the high-frequency control of the switch Sl is dependent on a control loop, wherein depending on at least one predetermined setpoint value for a current and / or a voltage within the operating circuit and the comparison with an actual value at least the first switch Sl is clocked by a high-frequency control.
- the operating circuit can also be operated in a continuous conduction mode, wherein the
- Switch Sl is switched on and off depending on the comparison of a setpoint with an actual value of the averaged LED current. If it is now determined that despite the control loop, the desired target value can not be achieved, but only an average in the vicinity of the setpoint, then a repeated change between the two closest
- Steps of discretely variable duty cycle occur, which are due to the control loop.
- the repeated change takes place according to a predeterminable pattern.
- the predefinable pattern can be selected, for example, by the distance between the desired value and the current actual value. For example, at least at times, operation may only be performed with a duty cycle in which an average value is set below the desired setpoint value (as in FIG. 5a), and then an operation in which an average value is set above the desired setpoint value (as in FIG 5b). It is now possible to determine the distance between the respective instantaneous mean value (actual value) and the predefined setpoint values and, depending on this, adapt the pattern for the changeover of the duty cycle. For example, a higher number of higher turn-on (or turn-on) ratios may be selected if it is determined that the resulting average will be above the desired one during operation
- Setpoint has a smaller distance from the setpoint than the self-adjusting average in the operation below the desired setpoint.
- the change can be changed, that is, it can be the number of successive steps with the same switch-on can be changed.
- the resulting mean value of the switch-on time or the switch-on ratio is constant in the time average.
- Illuminant such as, for example, LED or OLED
- a pulse signal is used with adjustable in discrete steps on time.
- the current ILED is achieved by an LED via the setting of a corresponding switch-on time for the pulse signal.
- the on-time can not be set accurately enough to achieve the desired operating parameter (current ILED).
- the desired current is achieved according to the example, but falls below, with a deviation.
- the switch-on time set in accordance with this example (FIG. 5a) is not sufficient for the
- the current ILED desired operating parameters (the current ILED) to achieve.
- the turn-on time for the pulse signal is increased by a discrete step, the set current ILED is higher than the desired value of the current ILED ( Figure 5b).
- the pulse signal by a combination of two pulse trains with different
- Switching time formed wherein these are selected such that the first pulse sequence has an on-time, which is the default to reach the desired operating parameter to the next, and the second pulse train in their
- Each of the two pulse trains can be triggered by at least one pulse
- dimming ie a change of a desired
- Operating parameters may be a successive change in the ratio of the number of pulses from the first
- the proportion thereof is subsequently increased in proportion as compared to the other pulse packet, and thus the operating value can be achieved successively.
- the number of pulses for both pulse packets can be changed periodically or randomly. It is also possible to periodically or randomly change the ratio of the number of pulses of the two pulse packets to one another.
- the frequency of the pulse signal may be higher than 10kHz.
- the current through the LED is considered to be averaged over time, in the case of a design of the corresponding circuit with a closed loop control, the sensed current would be averaged (integrated) and then at a setpoint
- Microprocessor or hybrid thereof which is designed to carry out such a method. It can be an operating device for lighting, in particular LEDS or OLEDs, constructed, comprising a circuit according to the invention. It can also contain a lighting module, comprising-illuminants, in particular LEDs or OLEDs, as well as an operating device according to the invention. Thus can also one
- Lighting system comprising at least one
- Lighting module according to the invention which has a
- Signal line is connected to a central unit, which is designed for the transmission of dimming specifications, in particular according to the DALI standard to be established.
- the invention can also be used in a PWM operation
- Constant current amplitude are controlled, these pulse packets each by a high-frequency
- Control of the operating device in particular a
- clocked switch Sl are formed.
- a low-frequency and a high-frequency control are superimposed.
- the current within a pulse packet has a high-frequency ripple.
- the invention can now be used to adjust the amplitude during the high phase of a low frequency PWM packet.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112011103376T DE112011103376A5 (de) | 2010-10-08 | 2011-10-10 | PWM-Dimmen von Leuchtmitteln |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT6262010 | 2010-10-08 | ||
ATGM626/2010 | 2010-10-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2012045478A1 true WO2012045478A1 (de) | 2012-04-12 |
Family
ID=44905987
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2011/005056 WO2012045478A1 (de) | 2010-10-08 | 2011-10-10 | Pwm-dimmen von leuchtmitteln |
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DE (1) | DE112011103376A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012045478A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016073772A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Control of illumination devices using dc-dc converters |
US9504129B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 | 2016-11-22 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Method and device for regulating an illuminance using an adaptive control loop factor |
DE102015210189A1 (de) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Mehrkanal-LED-Konverter |
WO2018184920A1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Dimmen von leuchtmitteln |
DE102019133366A1 (de) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh | Betriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Leuchtmittelanordnung |
AT17421U1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2022-03-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Dimmen von Leuchtmitteln |
Citations (5)
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US20020005861A1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2002-01-17 | Roger Lewis | Method, apparatus and computer program product for controlling LED backlights and for improved pulse width modulation resolution |
EP1178605A1 (de) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-02-06 | Abb Research Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Pulsbreitenmodulation |
WO2006102355A2 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Single-stage digital power converter for driving leds |
DE102008018808A1 (de) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | Ledon Lighting Jennersdorf Gmbh | Mikrocontroller optimierte Pulsweitenmodulation-(PWM)-Ansteuerung einer Licht emittierenden Diode(LED) |
WO2010076688A1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | Nxp B.V. | Display device and a method of controlling a display device |
-
2011
- 2011-10-10 DE DE112011103376T patent/DE112011103376A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-10 WO PCT/EP2011/005056 patent/WO2012045478A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20020005861A1 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2002-01-17 | Roger Lewis | Method, apparatus and computer program product for controlling LED backlights and for improved pulse width modulation resolution |
EP1178605A1 (de) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-02-06 | Abb Research Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Pulsbreitenmodulation |
WO2006102355A2 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Single-stage digital power converter for driving leds |
DE102008018808A1 (de) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | Ledon Lighting Jennersdorf Gmbh | Mikrocontroller optimierte Pulsweitenmodulation-(PWM)-Ansteuerung einer Licht emittierenden Diode(LED) |
WO2010076688A1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | Nxp B.V. | Display device and a method of controlling a display device |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9504129B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 | 2016-11-22 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Method and device for regulating an illuminance using an adaptive control loop factor |
WO2016073772A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Control of illumination devices using dc-dc converters |
CN107079567A (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-08-18 | 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 | 使用dc‑dc转换器的照明装置的控制 |
EP3216322A4 (de) * | 2014-11-05 | 2018-07-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Steuerung von beleuchtungsvorrichtungen mit gleichspannungswandlern |
DE102015210189A1 (de) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Mehrkanal-LED-Konverter |
WO2018184920A1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Dimmen von leuchtmitteln |
AT17421U1 (de) * | 2017-04-05 | 2022-03-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Dimmen von Leuchtmitteln |
DE102019133366A1 (de) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh | Betriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Leuchtmittelanordnung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112011103376A5 (de) | 2013-07-18 |
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