WO2012041243A1 - 一种燃料电池装置 - Google Patents

一种燃料电池装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012041243A1
WO2012041243A1 PCT/CN2011/080340 CN2011080340W WO2012041243A1 WO 2012041243 A1 WO2012041243 A1 WO 2012041243A1 CN 2011080340 W CN2011080340 W CN 2011080340W WO 2012041243 A1 WO2012041243 A1 WO 2012041243A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anode
holding portion
fuel cell
cell device
reaction chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/080340
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马润芝
石辉
施建
张学国
程炳烨
Original Assignee
Ma Runzhi
Shi Hui
Shi Jian
Zhang Xueguo
Cheng Bingye
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN2010105013743A external-priority patent/CN102005627B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010105256891A external-priority patent/CN102034944B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201010525678.3A external-priority patent/CN102025005B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010105256548A external-priority patent/CN102025004A/zh
Application filed by Ma Runzhi, Shi Hui, Shi Jian, Zhang Xueguo, Cheng Bingye filed Critical Ma Runzhi
Publication of WO2012041243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012041243A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • H01M12/065Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode with plate-like electrodes or stacks of plate-like electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/024Insertable electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/46Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and in particular relates to a fuel cell device. Background technique
  • batteries have become a necessity for people to produce and live, especially fuel cells that can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy and thermal energy.
  • Fuel cells have high energy conversion efficiency, no pollution, fast startup, long battery life, and specific power. The advantages of high specific energy are widely used in fixed power generation systems, field power supplies, distributed power sources, spacecraft power supplies, and power sources for vehicles. Compared to conventional batteries, fuel cells are at least 10 times more powerful.
  • fuel cells mainly include alkaline fuel cell brick acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide secondary fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, etc., regardless of the fuel cell, its structure It must necessarily include an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte located between the anode and the cathode.
  • a zinc air fuel cell uses a zinc alloy as an anode and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an electrolyte. After a period of use, the anode plate is completely reacted, and the anode plate of the reaction must be replaced to make the zinc-air battery. Can maintain the state of power supply.
  • KOH potassium hydroxide
  • the structure of the fuel cell is complicated, the structure of the cathode and the anode itself is unreasonable, and the contact area between the cathode and the anode and the electrolyte is small;
  • the electrolyte has poor fluidity, the chemical reaction is insufficient, and the output current is small;
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell device with replaceable fuel, which has the advantages of reasonable structure, large electric current, long service life and the like.
  • a fuel cell device comprising at least a housing, a cathode and a cathode lead on the housing, and an anode interposed in the housing, wherein an inner portion of the housing is provided with an electrochemical reaction chamber; An electrolyte chamber in an upper portion of the reaction chamber, and a reactant collection chamber below the electrochemical reaction chamber; one side of the electrochemical reaction chamber is provided with an anode socket for inserting an anode, and the cathode is attached to the reaction chamber On the inner chamber wall, the anode includes an anode plate inserted into the electrochemical reaction chamber from the anode socket, and an anode lead connected to one end of the anode plate.
  • the upper end of the electrolyte chamber of the present invention is provided with a liquid inlet and an upper end cover; the side of the reactant collection chamber is provided with a liquid outlet near the bottom end and Lower end cap.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes an anode sealing device.
  • the anode sealing device of the present invention comprises an elastic sealing gasket and an anode fixing plate, wherein the anode fixing plate is connected to one end of the anode plate, and the elastic sealing gasket is located between the anode fixing plate and the anode socket, and the anode fixing plate is a rib is disposed on the inner side, the rib is sized to match the anode socket; the inner side of the anode fixing plate is further provided with an annular rib, and the annular rib is matched in size to the elastic sealing ring, and the anode plate It is sealed and fixed in the electrochemical reaction chamber by a sealing device.
  • the anode sealing device of the present invention further comprises a limit at a corresponding position on the casing respectively installed at both ends of the anode socket.
  • a roller-type fixed spring strip on the limiting block is respectively mounted on the block and the two ends.
  • the limiting piece is disposed at two ends of the outer side of the anode socket, and the limiting piece is provided with a first groove, a second groove and a limiting protrusion, wherein one end of the first groove is open, and the other end is The two recesses are connected to each other, and the limiting protrusion is disposed at a joint of the first groove and the second groove end;
  • the stick spring is composed of a first holding force portion, a second holding force portion and a third holding portion
  • the fourth holding portion, the fifth holding portion and the sixth holding portion are configured; one end of the first holding portion is connected to one end of the second holding portion, and the other end of the second holding portion and the third holding force are One end of the portion is connected, the other end of the third holding portion is connected to one end of the fourth holding portion, the other end of the fourth holding portion is connected to one end of the fifth holding portion, and the other end of the fifth holding portion is One end of the sixth holding portion is connected, and the first holding portion, the second holding portion,
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes a chamber located inside the casing communicating with the electrolyte chamber, the electrochemical reaction chamber, and the reactant collection chamber. Self-circulating channel.
  • the self-circulating channel of the present invention is a channel disposed at one end of the electrochemical reaction chamber, and may also be located Two channels at both ends of the electrochemical reaction chamber, one of which is located between the anode fixed plate and the anode plate, and the other of which is located between the anode plate and the inner wall of the one end of the chemical reaction chamber.
  • the self-circulating channel in the present invention comprises the above two channels.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes an insulated cathode fixed barrier disposed on the front and back sides of the electrochemical reaction chamber, and the cathode fixed barrier is provided with a projection.
  • the protrusions can ensure the distance between the fuel cells, thereby preventing the short-circuit of the electrochemical reaction chamber when the battery is used in combination, thereby eliminating the danger of short-circuiting the cathode and ensuring Effective air flow space.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes a liquid electrolyte chamber or a reactant collection chamber. Cooling channel on the back.
  • the heat dissipation channel of the present invention is a strip-shaped rib disposed on the back surface of the electrolyte chamber or the back surface of the reactant collection chamber and a groove matching the rib.
  • Two ribs may be disposed on one of the fuel cell device housings, and are disposed on the adjacent fuel cell device housings in the matching grooves of the ribs; or may be one of the fuel cell devices
  • a rib and a groove are disposed on the casing, and a rib and a groove matching the groove and the rib are disposed on the casing of the adjacent fuel cell device. In short, adjustments can be made according to actual conditions during the manufacturing process.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention can replace the fuel electrode and the electrolyte; and is easy to operate.
  • the fuel cell device of the invention has a single structure, the cathode and the anode have a reasonable structure, and the contact area with the electrolyte is large, and the electrolyte has good fluidity through the self-circulation passage, the chemical reaction is sufficient and complete, and the output current is large;
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention has a good sealing effect and can effectively prevent electrolyte leakage. 4.
  • the fuel cell device of the invention effectively solves the heat dissipation problem when a plurality of batteries are used in combination, and realizes the exchange of heat generated during the electrochemical reaction with the surrounding air in time to maximize the service life of the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-circulating channel structure of a fuel cell device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sealing device of a fuel cell device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a roller type fixed spring strip of the fuel cell device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a limiting block of the fuel cell device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a heat dissipation structure of a fuel cell device of the present invention. detailed description
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention includes at least a casing 1 and a cathode and a cathode located on the casing 1.
  • anode includes an anode plate 3 inserted into the electrochemical reaction chamber from the anode socket, and an anode lead 7 connected to the anode plate 3 end.
  • the upper end of the electrolyte chamber 1 1 of the present invention is provided with a liquid inlet port and an upper end cap 110; the side of the reactant collection chamber 13 A liquid outlet and a lower end cover 130 are provided near the bottom end.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes An anode sealing device. As shown in FIG.
  • the anode sealing device of the present invention comprises an elastic sealing gasket 4 and an anode fixing plate 5, the anode fixing plate 5 is connected to one end of the anode plate 3, and the elastic sealing gasket 4 is located at the anode fixing plate 5 and Between the anode sockets, the inner side of the anode fixing plate is provided with a rib, the rib is matched with the anode socket; the inner side of the anode fixing plate is further provided with an annular rib, and the size of the annular rib In accordance with the elastomeric sealing ring, the anode plate is sealed by a sealing device and fixed in the electrochemical reaction chamber.
  • the anode sealing device is not limited to use with the fuel cell device of the present invention, and can be applied to other types of battery devices having a structure.
  • the anode sealing device of the present invention further includes a casing respectively mounted at both ends of the anode socket.
  • the roller-type fixing spring strips 8 on the limiting block 14 are respectively mounted on the limiting block 14 and the two ends at the corresponding positions.
  • the limiting piece is disposed at two ends of the outer side of the anode socket, and the limiting piece is provided with a first groove 141, a second groove 142, and a limiting protrusion 143, the first concave One end of the slot 141 is open, and the other end is in communication with the second recess 142.
  • the limiting protrusion 143 is disposed at a joint of the first recess 141 and the end of the second recess 142.
  • the spring 8 is composed of a first holding portion 81, a second holding portion 8 2 , a third holding portion 83 , a fourth holding portion 8 4 , a fifth holding portion 85 , and a sixth holding portion
  • One end of the first holding portion 81 is connected to one end of the second holding portion 82, the other end of the second holding portion 82 is connected to one end of the third holding portion 82, and the third holding portion 83 is The other end is connected to one end of the fourth holding portion 84, the other end of the fourth holding portion 84 is connected to one end of the fifth holding portion 85, and the other end of the fifth holding portion 86 and the sixth holding portion 86 are
  • the first holding portion 81, the second holding portion 82, the third holding portion 83, the fourth holding portion 84, and the fifth holding portion 85 are connected to each other by the sixth holding portion 86.
  • a geometric center and a perpendicular line perpendicular to the sixth holding force 86 is used as an axis of symmetry, and is symmetrically disposed at the other end of the sixth holding portion 86; the first holding portion 81, the second holding portion 82, and the first The three holding portions 8 3 are disposed on the same plane, and the first holding force 81 portion is parallel to the third holding portion 8 3 ; the fifth holding portion 85 and the sixth holding portion 86 are disposed on the same plane. And the angle formed by the plane of the fifth and sixth holding portions and the planes of the first, second and third holding portions is 80-90.
  • the angle between the fourth holding portion and the planes of the first, second and third holding portions is an acute angle, and the angle formed by the plane between the fourth holding portion and the fifth and sixth holding portions is an obtuse angle And the angle formed by the fourth holding portion and the planes of the fifth and sixth holding portions is an obtuse angle; the angle formed by the fifth holding portion and the planes of the first, second and third holding portions is 40-50 .
  • the two first holding portions of the stick spring are respectively disposed on the second grooves of the two limiting pieces, and the width of the first groove of the limiting piece matches the first holding portion .
  • the anode sealing device is not limited to use with the fuel cell device of the present invention, and can be applied to other types of battery devices having a structure.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes a body inside the body.
  • a self-circulating passage connecting the electrolyte chamber 1 1 , the electrochemical reaction chamber 12, and the reactant collection chamber 13 is connected.
  • the self-circulating passage of the present invention is a passage 1 1 1 between the anode fixed plate and the anode plate, or may be a passage 12 between the anode plate and the inner wall of the one end of the chemical reaction chamber.
  • the self-circulating channel in the present invention is a channel 1 1 1 and a bit located between the anode plate and the inner wall of the one end of the chemical reaction chamber.
  • the gap between the anode fixing plate and the anode plate forms a channel.
  • the gap between the anode fixing plate and the anode plate is preferably 5-20 mm. Since the anode plate and the anode lead are made of different materials, in order to prevent different metals from forming a potential difference in the fuel cell of the embodiment, the degreaser is used to clean the surface of the anode electrode of the electrochemical reaction chamber and the contact between the anode plate and the anode lead before use. In the range of 15mm, after cleaning, apply 0.5mm thick epoxy enamel to prevent chemical reaction first, thus eliminating the damage of the overall structure.
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes a front side and a back side of the electrochemical reaction chamber.
  • An insulated cathode fixed barrier 2 is provided with a protrusion on the cathode fixed barrier 2 .
  • the fuel cell device of the present invention further includes a heat dissipation structure 9 located on the back of the electrolyte chamber or the reactant collection chamber.
  • the heat dissipating structure of the present invention is a strip-shaped rib disposed on the back surface of the electrolyte chamber or the back collecting surface of the reactant collecting chamber and a groove matching the rib (not shown).
  • Two ribs may be disposed on one of the fuel cell device housings, and are disposed on the adjacent fuel cell device housings in the matching grooves of the ribs; or may be one of the fuel cell devices
  • a rib and a groove are disposed on the casing, and a rib and a groove matching the groove and the rib are disposed on the casing of the adjacent fuel cell device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于电化学技术领域,具体涉及一种燃料电池装置。本发明的燃料电池装置,至少包括壳体,位于壳体上的阴极和阴极引线,以及插装于壳体内的阳极,所述壳体内中部设有电化学反应腔;其还包括位于壳体内电化学反应腔上部的电解液腔,以及电化学反应腔下方的的反应物收集腔;所述电化学反应腔的一侧设置有一可供阳极插入的阳极插口,所述阴极附着于所述反应腔的内腔壁上,所述阳极包括从所述阳极插口处插入电化学反应腔中的阳极板,连接在阳极板一端的阳极引线。本发明的燃料电池装置可更换燃料,具有电解液流动性好、电化学反应完全、产生的电流大、使用寿命长等优点。

Description

一种燃料电池装置
技术领域
本发明属于电化学技术领域, 具体涉及一种燃料电池装置。 背景技术
众所周知, 电池已经成为人们生产、 生活的必需品, 尤其是可以将化学能 直接转换为电能和热能的燃料电池, 燃料电池因其具有能量转换效率高、 无污 染、 启动快、 电池寿命长、 比功率、 比能量高等优点, 在固定发电系统、 现场 用电源、 分布式电源、 空间飞行器电源及交通工具用电源方面得到较广阔的应 用。 与传统电池相比, 燃料电池的能量至少要高 10倍。 目前燃料电池主要包括 碱性燃料电池磚酸燃料电池、 熔融碳酸盐燃料电池、 固态氧化次燃料电池、 质 子交换膜燃料电池、 直接曱醇燃料电池等, 不管何种燃料电池, 其结构中都必 然包括阳极、 阴极和位于阳极和阴极之间的电解质。 例如锌空气燃料电池, 采 用锌合金为阳极, 氢氧化钾(KOH ) 为电解质, 在使用过一段时间后, 阳极板 完全反应, 必须将该反应完成的阳极板予以更换, 以使该锌空气电池能维持供 电的状态。 现有的燃料电池存在以下不足:
1. 燃料电池结构复杂, 阴极、 阳极自身结构不合理, 阴极、 阳极分别与电 解液接触面积小;
2.燃料及电解液不可更换, 使用完后便丢弃, 造成了资源的浪费;
3.燃料电池中电解液流动性差, 化学反应不充分, 输出电流较小;
4. 燃料电池的电化学反应过程中放出大量的热量, 现有的燃料电池没有散 热结构, 严重影响电池的使用寿命。 发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足, 本发明的目的在于提供一种可更换燃料的燃料 电池装置, 并具有结构合理、 电流量大、 使用寿命长等优点。
为实现上述目的, 本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种燃料电池装置, 至少包括壳体、 位于壳体上的阴极和阴极引线、 以及 插装于壳体内的阳极, 所述壳体内中部设有电化学反应腔; 其还包括位于壳体 内电化学反应腔上部的电解液腔, 以及电化学反应腔下方的的反应物收集腔; 所述电化学反应腔的一侧设置有一可供阳极插入的阳极插口, 所述阴极附着于 所述反应腔的内腔壁上, 所述阳极包括从所述阳极插口处插入电化学反应腔中 的阳极板, 连接在阳极板一端的阳极引线。
优选的, 为了实现更换燃料电池的电解液及电极的作用, 本发明所述电解 液腔上端设进液口和上端盖; 所述反应物收集腔的侧面接近底端处设有出液口 和下端盖。
为了防止电解液外泄, 并将阳极板 ^艮好地固定在电化学反应腔中, 本发明 的燃料电池装置还包括一阳极密封装置。
本发明所述的阳极密封装置包括弹性密封垫圈及阳极固定板, 所述阳极固 定板与阳极板的一端连接, 所述弹性密封垫圈位于阳极固定板与阳极插口之间, 所述阳极固定板的内侧设有凸条, 所述凸条的大小与阳极插口相匹配; 所述阳 极固定板的内侧还设有环形凸棱, 所述环形凸棱的大小与弹性密封圈相匹配, 所述阳极板通过密封装置密封并固定在电化学反应腔中。
为了方便操作, 进一步加强阳极板的固定和提高密封效果, 本发明所述的 阳极密封装置还包括分别安装在所述阳极插口两端的壳体上相对应位置处的限 位块和两端分别安装所述限位块上的辊式固定弹簧条。
所述限位片设于阳极插口外侧的两端, 所述限位片上设有第一凹槽、 第二 凹槽以及限位凸起, 所述第一凹槽的一端开口, 另一端与第二凹槽连通, 所述 限位凸起设于第一凹槽与第二凹槽末端的连接处; 所述棍式弹簧由第一持力部, 第二持力部、 第三持力部、 第四持力部、 第五持力部及第六持力部构成; 第一 持力部的一端与第二持力部的一端连接, 第二持力部的另一端与第三持力部的 一端连接, 第三持力部的另一端与第四持力部的一端连接, 第四持力部的另一 端与第五持力部的一端连接, 第五持力部的另一端与第六持力部的一端连接, 所述的第一持力部、 第二持力部、 第三持力部、 第四持力部以及第五持力部以 通过第六持力部的几何中心并与第六持力部垂直的垂线作为对称轴, 对称地设 置在第六持力部的另一端; 所述的第一持力部、 第二持力部、 第三持力部设于 同一平面上, 且第一持力部与第三持力部平行; 所述的第五持力部、 第六持力 部设于同一平面上, 且第五、 六持力部的平面与第一、 二、 三持力部的平面所 形成的夹角处于 80-90° 之间; 第四持力部与第一、 二、 三持力部的平面所形成 的夹角为锐角且第四持力部与第五、 六持力部的平面所形成的夹角为钝角且第 四持力部与第五、 六持力部的平面所形成的夹角为钝角; 第五持力部与第一、 二、三持力部的平面所形成的夹角处于 40-50。 之间; 所述棍式弹簧的两个第一 持力部分别设于两限位片的第二凹槽上, 所述限位片的第一凹槽的宽度与第一 持力部相匹配。
为了提高电解液的流动性, 使电化学反应充分、 完全, 节约资源, 优选的, 本发明的燃料电池装置还包括位于壳体内部连通所述电解液腔、 电化学反应腔 以及反应物收集腔的自循环通道。
本发明所述自循环通道为设置在电化学反应腔一端的通道, 也可以是位于 电化学反应腔两端的两条通道, 其中一条通道位于阳极固定板与阳极板之间, 另一条通道位于阳极板与化学反应腔一端壳体内壁之间。 优选的, 本发明中的 自循环通道包括上述两条通道。
本发明的燃料电池装置还包括了设置在电化学反应腔的正面及背面均的绝 缘阴极固定隔栅, 所述阴极固定隔栅上设有凸起。 当多个本实施例的燃料电池 组合使用时, 凸起可保证燃料电池之间的距离, 从而防止了电池组合使用时电 化学反应腔短接的情况出现, 杜绝阴极短接的危险, 并保证有效的空气流动空 间。 '
当多个本实施例的燃料电池组合使用时, 为了有效实现散热, 进一步杜绝 阴极短接的现象, 延长燃料电池的使用寿命, 本发明的燃料电池装置还包括位 于电解液腔或反应物收集腔背面的散热通道。
本发明所述散热通道为设置在电解液腔或反应物收集腔背外表面壳体上的 条形凸棱和与所述凸棱相匹配的凹槽。 可以在其中一个燃料电池装置壳体上设 置两个凸棱, 在其相邻的燃料电池装置壳体上设置于所述凸棱相匹配的凹槽; 也可以是在其中的一个燃料电池装置的壳体上设置一条凸棱和一条凹槽, 在其 相邻的燃料电池装置的壳体上设置与所述凹槽和凸棱相匹配的一条凸棱和一条 凹槽。 总之, 在制造过程中可以根据实际情况进行调整。
相比现有技术, 本发明的有益效果在于:
1. 本发明的燃料电池装置可以更换燃料电极和电解液; 并且操作方便。
2. 本发明的燃料电池装置结构筒单, 阴极、 阳极自身结构合理, 与电解液 接触面积大, 且电解液通过自循环通道流动性好, 化学反应充分、 完全, 输出 电流较大;
3. 本发明的燃料电池装置密封效果好, 能有效防止电解液外泄。 4. 本发明的燃料电池装置有效解决了多个电池组合使用时的散热问题, 及 时实现将电化学反应过程中产生的热量与周围的空气进行交换, 最大程度地延 长了燃料电池的使用寿命。
下面给结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。 附图说明
图 1为本发明燃料电池装置的结构示意图;
图 2为本发明燃料电池装置的自循环通道构示意图;
图 3为本发明燃料电池装置的密封装置结构示意图;
图 4为本发明燃料电池装置的辊式固定弹簧条结构示意图;
图 5为本发明燃料电池装置的限位块结构示意图;
图 6为本发明燃料电池装置的散热结构示意图。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
为了使本发明的燃料电池结构合理, 增大阴极、 阳极分别与电解液接触面 积, 如图 1所示, 本发明的燃料电池装置, 至少包括壳体 1 , 位于壳体 1上的阴 极和阴极引线 6, 以及插装于壳体 1内的阳极, 所述壳体 1内中部设有电化学反 应腔 12; 其还包括位于壳体 1内电化学反应腔 12上部的电解液腔 11 , 以及电 化学反应腔 12下方的的反应物收集腔 13 , 所述电化学反应腔 12的一侧设置有 一可供阳极插入的阳极插口, 所述阴极附着于所述反应腔 12的内腔壁上; 所述 阳极包括从所述阳极插口处插入电化学反应腔中的阳极板 3 ,连接在阳极板 3— 端的阳极引线 7。 实施例 2
在实施例 1的基础上, 为了实现更换燃料电池的电解液及电极的作用, 本 发明所述电解液腔 1 1上端设进液口和上端盖 1 10;所述反应物收集腔 13的侧面 接近底端处设有出液口和下端盖 130。
实施例 3
在实施例 1或实施例 2的基础上, 为了防止电解液外泄, 并将阳极板 ^艮好 地固定在电化学反应腔中, 如图 3所示, 本发明的燃料电池装置还包括了一阳 极密封装置。 图 3所示, 本发明所述的阳极密封装置包括弹性密封垫圈 4及阳 极固定板 5 , 所述阳极固定板 5与阳极板 3的一端连接, 所述弹性密封垫圈 4位 于阳极固定板 5与阳极插口之间, 所述阳极固定板的内侧设有凸条, 所述凸条 的大小与阳极插口相匹配; 所述阳极固定板的内侧还设有环形凸棱, 所述环形 凸棱的大小与弹性密封圈相匹配, 所述阳极板通过密封装置密封并固定在电化 学反应腔中。 该阳极密封装置不限于使用与本发明的燃料电池装置, 还可以应 用于其它类是结构的电池装置中。
实施例 4
在实施例 3的基础上, 为了方便操作, 进一步加强阳极板的固定和提高密 封效果, 如图 3所示, 本发明所述的阳极密封装置还包括分别安装在所述阳极 插口两端的壳体上相对应位置处的限位块 14和两端分别安装所述限位块 14上 的辊式固定弹簧条 8。 如图 5所示, 所述限位片设于阳极插口外侧的两端, 所述 限位片上设有第一凹槽 141、第二凹槽 142以及限位凸起 143 ,所述第一凹槽 141 的一端开口, 另一端与第二凹槽 142连通, 所述限位凸起 143设于第一凹槽 141 与第二凹槽 142末端的连接处; 如图 4所示, 所述棍式弹簧 8由第一持力部 81, 第二持力部 82、 第三持力部 83、 第四持力部 84、 第五持力部 85及第六持力部 86构成; 第一持力部 81的一端与第二持力部 82的一端连接, 第二持力部 82的 另一端与第三持力部 82的一端连接, 第三持力部 8 3的另一端与第四持力部 84 的一端连接, 第四持力部 84的另一端与第五持力部 85的一端连接, 第五持力 部 86的另一端与第六持力部 86的一端连接, 所述的第一持力部 81、 第二持力 部 82、 第三持力部 8 3、 第四持力部 84以及第五持力部 85以通过第六持力部 86 的几何中心并与第六持力 86部垂直的垂线作为对称轴, 对称地设置在第六持力 部 86的另一端; 所述的第一持力部 81、 第二持力部 82、 第三持力部 8 3设于同 一平面上, 且第一持力 81部与第三持力部 8 3平行; 所述的第五持力部 85、 第 六持力部 86设于同一平面上, 且第五、 六持力部的平面与第一、 二、 三持力部 的平面所形成的夹角处于 80-90。之间; 第四持力部与第一、 二、 三持力部的平 面所形成的夹角为锐角且第四持力部与第五、 六持力部的平面所形成的夹角为 钝角且第四持力部与第五、 六持力部的平面所形成的夹角为钝角; 第五持力部 与第一、 二、 三持力部的平面所形成的夹角处于 40-50。 之间; 所述棍式弹簧的 两个第一持力部分别设于两限位片的第二凹槽上, 所述限位片的第一凹槽的宽 度与第一持力部相匹配。 该阳极密封装置不限于使用与本发明的燃料电池装置, 还可以应用于其它类是结构的电池装置中。
实施例 5
在实施例 1 -4任何一个实施例的基础上, 为了提高电解液的流动性,使电化 学反应充分、 完全, 节约资源, 如图 2所示, 本发明的燃料电池装置还包括位 于体内部连通所述电解液腔 1 1、 电化学反应腔 12以及反应物收集腔 13的自循 环通道。 本发明所述自循环通道是位于阳极固定板与阳极板之间的通道 1 1 1 ,也 可以是位于阳极板与化学反应腔一端壳体内壁之间通道的 1 12。 优选的, 本发明 中的自循环通道为位于阳极板与化学反应腔一端壳体内壁之间的通道 1 1 1和位 于阳极板和壳体之间通道的 112。 所述阳极固定板与阳极板之间的间隙, 形成通 道优选的阳极固定板与阳极板之间的间隙为 5-20mm。 由于阳极板与阳极引线不 同材料, 为防止不同金属在本实施例的燃料电池中形成电位差, 使用前应用除 油剂清洗位于电化学反应腔阳极电极表面及阳极板与阳极引线接触处 10-15mm 的范围, 清洗完成后, 再涂上 0.5mm的厚环氧磁漆, 起防止该处先进行化学反 应, 从而消除破坏整体结构的影响。
实施例 6
^上述实施例 1-5任——个实施例的基础上,当多个本发明的燃料电池装置 组合使用时, 为了保证燃料电池之间的距离, 防止了电池组合使用时电化学反 应腔短接的情况出现, 杜绝了阴极短接的危险, 并保证有效的空气流动空间, 如图 1、 图 6所示, 本发明的燃料电池装置还包括设置在电化学反应腔的正面及 背面均的绝缘阴极固定隔栅 2 , 所述阴极固定隔栅 2上设有凸起。
实施例 7
在上述实施例 1-6中任——个实施例中,当多个本发明的燃料电池装置组合 使用时, 为了有效实现散热, 进一步杜绝阴极短接的现象, 延长燃料电池的使 用寿命, 如图 6所示, 本发明的燃料电池装置还包括位于电解液腔或反应物收 集腔背面的散热结构 9。本发明所述散热结构为设置在电解液腔或反应物收集腔 背外表面壳体上的条形凸棱和与所述凸棱相匹配的凹槽(图未视)。 可以在其中 一个燃料电池装置壳体上设置两个凸棱, 在其相邻的燃料电池装置壳体上设置 于所述凸棱相匹配的凹槽; 也可以是在其中的一个燃料电池装置的壳体上设置 一条凸棱和一条凹槽, 在其相邻的燃料电池装置的壳体上设置与所述凹槽和凸 棱相匹配的一条凸棱和一条凹槽。 总之, 在制造过程中可以根据实际情况进行 本发明的燃料电池装置, 当燃料电池的燃料耗尽时, 只需先打开下端盖, 排出反应后的残渣液; 然后关闭下端盖; 接着把棍式弹簧取出, 抽出反应完全 的金阳极板, 插入新的阳极板, 再安装辊式固定弹簧条; 最后, 打开上端盖, 添加适量的电解液, 使电解液充满整个电化学反应腔, 或加至电解液也充满电 解液腔, 从而使阳极板的两侧与电解液充分接触, 关闭上端盖, 即可使燃料电 池重新投入使用, 产生电能。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式, 不能以此作为对本发明保护范 围的限制, 本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所作的任何非实质性的变化及 替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种燃料电池装置, 至少包括壳体、 位于壳体上的阴极和阴极引线、 以 及插装于壳体内的阳极, 其特征在于: 所述壳体内中部设有电化学反应腔; 其 还包括位于壳体内电化学反应腔上部的电解液腔, 以及电化学反应腔下方的反 应物收集腔; 所述电化学反应腔的一侧设置有一可供阳极插入的阳极插口, 所 述阴极附着于所述反应腔的内腔壁上, 所述阳极包括从所述阳极插口处插入电 化学反应腔中的阳极板, 连接在阳极板一端的阳极引线。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述电解液腔上端 设进液口和上端盖; 所述反应物收集腔的侧面接近底端处设有出液口和下端盖。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 其还包括一阳 极密封装置。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述阳极密封装置 包括弹性密封垫圈及阳极固定板, 所述阳极固定板与阳极板的一端连接, 所述 弹性密封垫圈位于阳极固定板与阳极插口之间, 所述弹性密封垫圈位于阳极固 定板与阳极插口之间, 所述阳极固定板的内侧设有凸条, 所述凸条的大小与阳 极插口相匹配; 所述阳极固定板的内侧还设有环形凸棱, 所述环形凸棱的大小 与弹性密封圈相匹配, 所述阳极板通过密封装置密封并固定在电化学反应腔中。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述阳极密封装置 还包括分别安装在所述阳极插口两端的壳体上相对应位置处的限位块和两端分 别安装所述限位块上的辊式固定弹簧条。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述限位片设于阳 极插口外侧的两端, 所述限位片上设有第一凹槽、 第二凹槽以及限位凸起, 所 述第一凹槽的一端开口, 另一端与第二凹槽连通, 所述限位凸起设于第一凹槽 与第二凹槽末端的连接处; 所述棍式弹簧由第一持力部、 第二持力部、 第三持 力部、 第四持力部、 第五持力部及第六持力部构成; 第一持力部的一端与第二 持力部的一端连接, 第二持力部的另一端与第三持力部的一端连接, 第三持力 部的另一端与第四持力部的一端连接, 第四持力部的另一端与第五持力部的一 端连接, 第五持力部的另一端与第六持力部的一端连接, 所述的第一持力部、 第二持力部、 第三持力部、 第四持力部以及第五持力部以通过第六持力部的几 何中心并与第六持力部垂直的垂线作为对称轴, 对称地设置在第六持力部的另 一端; 所述的第一持力部、 第二持力部、 第三持力部设于同一平面上, 且第一 持力部与第三持力部平行; 所述的第五持力部、 第六持力部设于同一平面上, 且第五、六持力部的平面与第一、二、三持力部的平面所形成的夹角处于 80-90。 之间; 第四持力部与第一、 二、 三持力部的平面所形成的夹角为锐角且第四持 力部与第五、 六持力部的平面所形成的夹角为钝角且第四持力部与第五、 六持 力部的平面所形成的夹角为钝角; 第五持力部与第一、 二、 三持力部的平面所 形成的夹角处于 40-50。 之间;所述棍式弹簧的两个第一持力部分别设于两限位 片的第二凹槽上, 所述限位片的第一凹槽的宽度与第一持力部相匹配。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6任一项所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 其还包括 位于壳体内部连通所述电解液腔、 电化学反应腔以及反应物收集腔的自循环通 道。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述自循环通道位 于阳极固定板与阳极板之间。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述自循环通道位 于阳极板与化学反应腔一端壳体内壁之间。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9任一项所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 其还包括 设置在电化学反应腔的正面及背面均的绝缘阴极固定隔栅, 所述阴极固定隔栅 上设有凸起。
11. 根据权利要求 1-10任一项所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 其还包 括位于电解液腔或反应物收集腔背面的散热结构。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的燃料电池装置, 其特征在于: 所述的散热结构 为设置在电解液腔或反应物收集腔背外表面壳体上的条形凸棱和与所述凸棱相 匹配的凹槽。
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