WO2012040320A2 - Turbine éolienne à aubes à plusieurs étages - Google Patents

Turbine éolienne à aubes à plusieurs étages Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012040320A2
WO2012040320A2 PCT/US2011/052540 US2011052540W WO2012040320A2 WO 2012040320 A2 WO2012040320 A2 WO 2012040320A2 US 2011052540 W US2011052540 W US 2011052540W WO 2012040320 A2 WO2012040320 A2 WO 2012040320A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
wind turbine
blades
wind
segment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/052540
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012040320A3 (fr
Inventor
Ph.D Imad Mahawili
Original Assignee
E-Net, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E-Net, Llc filed Critical E-Net, Llc
Publication of WO2012040320A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012040320A2/fr
Publication of WO2012040320A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012040320A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/03—Annular blade-carrying members having blades on the inner periphery of the annulus and extending inwardly radially, i.e. inverted rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/221—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis
    • F05B2240/2211—Rotors for wind turbines with horizontal axis of the multibladed, low speed, e.g. "American farm" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/302—Segmented or sectional blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/33—Shrouds which are part of or which are rotating with the rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine and, more particularly, to a wind turbine with a multi-staged blade assembly that exhibits faster reaction time to a wind speed change and, further, a reduced time to rise to a given voltage.
  • the present invention provides a wind turbine that provides groups or sets of multi-stage wind turbine blades to reduce the reaction time of the wind turbine blade assembly to a change in wind speed so that the wind turbine can reach a desired output, e.g. an optimized output for a given wind speed or wind speed profile, is faster than prior wind.
  • a desired output e.g. an optimized output for a given wind speed or wind speed profile
  • a wind turbine includes a first set of wind turbine blades mounted for rotation about an axis of rotation and a second set of wind turbine blades mounted for rotation about the axis of rotation with the first set of blades.
  • Each blade of the first set of wind turbine blades includes a blade surface area formed by at least two discrete blade portions.
  • Each blade of the second set of blades includes a blade surface area that is formed by at least one blade portion, and which has a smaller blade surface area than the surface area of the blades of the first set of blades.
  • each blade of the second set of wind turbine blades has a stepped blade surface area formed by at least two blade portions.
  • each of the wind turbine blades has a blade root end and a blade distal or tip end. The blade root ends of the second set of wind turbine blades are at or radially outward of the blade root ends of the first set of wind turbine blades.
  • the blade tip ends of the first sets of blades are aligned along a circumference, with the blade tip ends of the second set of blades being generally aligned along the same circumference.
  • the wind turbine also includes a plurality of spokes, which support the first and second sets of wind turbine blades.
  • each blade of the first set of blades has a stepped profile with one edge of each of the respective blades being supported along one spoke and forming a linear edge, and the opposed edge of each blade forming the stepped profile.
  • each blade of the first set of blades is formed from a plurality of blade segments joined together.
  • a wind turbine in another form of the invention, includes a first set of wind turbine blades mounted for rotation about an axis of rotation and a second set of wind turbine blades, with each of the blades of the first set of wind turbine blades having a wind blade surface, at least first and second blade segments defining said wind blade surface, and a variable wind attack angle, and each blade segment having a blade root end and a blade tip end.
  • the wind blade surfaces of the first set of blades extend radially inward relative to the second set of wind turbine blades.
  • variable wind attack angle of the blades of the first set of blades varies from a first value at the blade tip end of a first segment to a second value at the blade root end of the first segment to a third value greater or less than the second value at the blade tip end of the second segment.
  • each blade includes at least first and second blade segments, each segment having a tip end width and a root end width, the root end widths of each segment being less than the tip end widths of the immediately adjacent segment.
  • the wind turbine also includes a rim, which supports spokes and a plurality of magnets.
  • each of the wind turbine blades comprises a web, formed, for example, from a fabric or a polymeric material, which forms at least a portion of each wind blade surface.
  • a wind turbine includes a first set of wind turbine blades mounted for rotation about a rotational axis and a second set of wind turbine blades supported for rotation with the first set of wind turbine blades about the rotational axis.
  • Each of the blades is formed from at least two blade segments, with each blade segment having a blade tip end and a blade root end and a varying attack angle, which decreases from its respective blade root end to its respective blade tip end.
  • each of the blade segments has an asymmetrical cross section.
  • the wind turbine further includes an annular rim, which supports the wind turbine blades.
  • the rim supports a plurality of magnets
  • the turbine further includes a conductive coil, which is sufficiently close to at least one of the magnets such that rotary motion of the rim and magnets induces current flow in the coil.
  • the wind turbine of the present invention provides a wind turbine with staged wind blade surface areas to reduce the reaction time of the turbine blade assembly and, therefore, reduce the rise time of the wind turbine to reach a given output.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the wind turbine of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the blades
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of one embodiment of the wind turbine.
  • Wind turbine 10 generally designates one embodiment of the wind turbine of the present invention.
  • Wind turbine 10 includes a wind turbine wheel assembly 12 supported on a base 14.
  • Base 14 may be similar to any of the bases of the wind turbines (e.g. wind turbine 610) described in the above-referenced co-pending applications, including Ser. No. 12/714,913, entitled WIND TURBINE (Attorney Docket WIN04 P-103A).
  • wind turbine 10 includes two sets of turbine blades, which increase the energy extraction efficiency over prior blades and, further, decreases the turbine response time (or stated alternately speeds up the response time) to a change in the wind speed as compared to current blade designs. Additionally, the cut-in wind speed may also be reduced. Consequently, the rise time (the time for the wind turbine to reach a given output) is decreased, which increases the efficiency of the wind turbine.
  • wind turbine wheel assembly 12 includes two sets of wind turbine blades 16 and 18 mounted to spokes 23 of wheel 20.
  • magnets 24 are mounted to the rim 22 of wheel 20, which extend into a plurality of stator assemblies 30 that are arranged around the perimeter of rim 22 to thereby generate electrical flow when wheel assembly 12 rotates about its rotational axis 12a.
  • the spokes provide support for the blades and support for the rim and magnets.
  • the weight of the magnets is not bourne by the blades so that the overall weight of the blades can be reduced, which can reduce the inertia of the wind turbine and hence increase its responsiveness, especially at low wind speeds.
  • the first set of wind turbine blades 16 have a longer radial extent than the second set of wind turbine blades 18, with each of their blade tip ends being generally aligned along a circumference at or adjacent the inner circumference of rim 22, but with the blade root ends of the first set of wind turbine (16) blades being radially inward of the blade root ends of the second set of wind turbine blades (18). Therefore, blades 16 provide wind blade surface areas that extend radially inward of the second set of blades.
  • each blade of the first set and second of blades 16, 18 includes at least two discrete regions or segments 16a, 16b, 18a, 18b with each segment (16a, 16b, 18a, 18b) having a blade tip end and a blade root end.
  • Each segment 16a, 16b, 18a, 18b optionally has a varying attack angle starting at its blade tip end, which increases along its length to its blade root end.
  • each segment may be similar to blades 1226 described in U.S. co-pending application Ser. No. 12/714,913, filed March 1, 2010, entitled WIND TURBINE (Attorney Docket No.
  • each segment may have a smaller attack angle than the attack angle of the blade tip end of the adjacent blade segment.
  • the width of each segment varies along its length so that each segment has a generally trapezoidal- shape with a greater width at its blade tip end than its blade root end.
  • the blade root end of each outermost segment (e.g. 16a, 18a) of each blade has a smaller width than the blade tip end of the adjacent blade segment (e.g. 16b, 18b) so that the blade has a stepped blade profile along its wind edge attack edge.
  • the first set of wind turbine blades may include a third blade portion or segment 16c, which similarly has a greater width at its blade tip end than the width of the blade root end of the adjacent, in this case intermediate blade segment 16b. Further, its angle of attack at its blade tip end may be greater than that of the blade root end of the adjacent, intermediate blade segment. Therefore, first and second sets of blades 16, 18 may form a plurality of discrete wind surface areas that have different geometries (e.g. attack angle, surface area, and surface topology) to drive the wind turbine wheel assembly over different or overlapping wind speeds to form a multi-stage blade wind turbine. Consequently, the multistage blades may increase the range of wind speeds over which the wind turbine can extract energy.
  • a third blade portion or segment 16c similarly has a greater width at its blade tip end than the width of the blade root end of the adjacent, in this case intermediate blade segment 16b. Further, its angle of attack at its blade tip end may be greater than that of the blade root end of the adjacent, intermediate blade segment. Therefore, first and second
  • the number or segments may be increased or decreased as desired and further their shape, size and material may be varied to harvest energy from different wind speeds and wind from different directions so that if the wind shifts or slows down the wind turbine can still operate and still extract energy.
  • it may be beneficial to assembly each blade from multiples of similar blade segments.
  • each segment 16a- 16c, 18a and 18b may be planar so that the angle of attack does not vary along its length or some segments may be planar and others have a varying attack angle. Further, in some applications the angle of attack may be reduced at the step between the adjacent blade segments. For example, the angle of attack at the blade root end of segment 16a may be greater than the angle of attack of the blade tip end of segment 16b. Again, by changing the geometric characteristics of the blades or blade surface areas, the range and responsiveness of the wind turbine can be adjusted.
  • blades 16, 18 include a web or membrane that may be formed from a metal, a moldable material, such as a polymer, including a plastic, or a fabric, such as a nylon or Kevlar ® . Further, the blades may be formed from a single sheet or panel of material or each segment may be formed from a panel or sheet of material, with the segments then joined, as noted below. Further, when made of a polymer or a fabric sheet, the blades may be formed from a translucent or transparent polymer. The thickness of the web may be varied, for example, in a range of a few mils to several hundred mils or more.
  • blades 16, 18 are each mounted to spokes 23, for example, by ties or clips 16d, 18d.
  • the clips or ties can be made of an elastic or spring material so that the blade can deflect, for example deflect parallel to the wind at high wind speeds. This can act as an automatic safety limit for the wind turbine rotation.
  • each blade may be molded or formed as a unitary blade comprised of the two or more segments described above or may be formed from discrete segments that are secured together by fasteners (16e, 18e) or welds or the like. Additionally, the web thickness of each segment may be uniform or be varied and, further, may be varied from the adjacent segment.
  • the blades have a defined hinge (as described in the reference application) or instead bend under the pressure of the wind (when the wind exceeds a preselected value) due to its cross-section properties.
  • the location of where the blade bends may be controlled, at least to some extent, by varying the thickness of the web. The change in thickness may be gradual, or the blade may have an abrupt change in thickness. Therefore, the blade may bend or simply deflect when the wind pressure exceeds a desired maximum wind pressure. Further, the magnitude of deflection or bending will increase as the pressure increases. Again the result is a self-adjusting or dynamic blade.
  • the blades are optionally made out of a material that has sufficient elastic or has sufficient spring properties, so the blade will return to its pre-bent shape.
  • the roots of blades may be narrower than the tips of the blades.
  • the blades may be curved so that the blade angle of attack is varied along its length to accommodate efficient aerodynamic energy conversion to mechanical rotation of the wheel.
  • the attack angle of blade segments may decrease along their lengths from their blade root end (where the wheel experiences the slowest radial velocity) to their blade tip end (where the wheel experiences the maximum radial velocity) to thereby form asymmetrical blade segments similar to the blades (e.g. blades 26) disclosed in the referenced co-pending applications.
  • blades 16 and 18 and/or their blade segments may have very steep attack angle, for example in a range of 40° to 50° or in a range of 42° to 48° or approximately 45° at their root ends. While the attack angle at the tip ends of each segment can range from 0° to 10° or from 2° to 5°, or be
  • the blade segment's asymmetry can be formed by twisting the blade segment' s root end relative to its tip end during its formation or may be formed during mounting of the blade. Therefore, as it will be understood, the windward facing side of each blade may be configured so that it is not perpendicular to the incoming wind. Further, as noted above, the blade may fold or bend when the wind speed exceeds a predetermined magnitude, which thereby reduces the solidity of the turbine blade but may return to its previous solidity when the wind speed reduces below the predetermined or preselected value.
  • the present invention provides a wind turbine that provides groups or sets of multi-stage wind turbine blades to reduce the reaction time of the wind turbine blade assembly to a change in wind speed so that the wind turbine can reach a desired output, e.g. an optimized output for a given wind speed or wind speed profile, is faster than prior wind turbines.
  • a desired output e.g. an optimized output for a given wind speed or wind speed profile
  • the cut-in wind speed for the turbine is significantly lower than conventional turbines, which may be as low as 0.3 mph, and the range of wind speeds in which the turbine may be operated can be increased by allowing the turbine to reduce the wind pressure when the wind speeds exceeds a preselected maximum wind speed.
  • a micro-processor based control system may be provided to control the direction of the turbine blade assembly to reduce the stress on the wind turbine or to optimize the direction of the turbine blade assembly so that the angle of receipt of the wind can be maintained at, for example 120°, relative to the face of the turbine blade assembly.
  • wind turbine 10 may incorporate the wind deflectors or concentrators and/or control systems described in the reference cop- pending applications. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention which is defined by the claims which follow as interpreted under the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une turbine éolienne comprenant un premier ensemble d'aubes de turbine éolienne montées à des fins de rotation autour d'un axe de rotation, et un second ensemble d'aubes de turbine éolienne montées à des fins de rotation autour de l'axe de rotation par rapport au premier ensemble d'aubes. Chaque aube du premier ensemble d'aubes de turbine éolienne comprend une surface d'aube formée par au moins deux parties d'aube. Par ailleurs, chaque aube du second ensemble d'aubes comprend une surface d'aube qui est formée par au moins une partie d'aube, ayant une configuration de surface d'aube différente par rapport à la surface des aubes du premier ensemble d'aubes.
PCT/US2011/052540 2010-09-21 2011-09-21 Turbine éolienne à aubes à plusieurs étages WO2012040320A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38494910P 2010-09-21 2010-09-21
US61/384,949 2010-09-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012040320A2 true WO2012040320A2 (fr) 2012-03-29
WO2012040320A3 WO2012040320A3 (fr) 2012-05-10

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ID=45874348

Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2011/052540 WO2012040320A2 (fr) 2010-09-21 2011-09-21 Turbine éolienne à aubes à plusieurs étages

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WO (1) WO2012040320A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020519808A (ja) * 2017-05-10 2020-07-02 バーバー，ジェラルド ガイドワイヤ用の分割化翼型設計
US11359608B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2022-06-14 Gerald L. Barber Segmented airfoil design for guide wires
EP4033089A1 (fr) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-27 Charles Maximilien De Martini Eolienne à pales déportées

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6899523B2 (en) * 1999-12-24 2005-05-31 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade for a wind power installation
WO2007057021A1 (fr) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-24 L.M. Glasfiber S/A Centrale eolienne avec jeu supplementaire d’aubes
US20080226450A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2008-09-18 Joe Clarke Turbine with Coaxial Sets of Blades
US20100215502A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-08-26 Distributed Thermal Systems Ltd. Multistage wind turbine with variable blade displacement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6899523B2 (en) * 1999-12-24 2005-05-31 Aloys Wobben Rotor blade for a wind power installation
US20080226450A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2008-09-18 Joe Clarke Turbine with Coaxial Sets of Blades
WO2007057021A1 (fr) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-24 L.M. Glasfiber S/A Centrale eolienne avec jeu supplementaire d’aubes
US20100215502A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-08-26 Distributed Thermal Systems Ltd. Multistage wind turbine with variable blade displacement

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020519808A (ja) * 2017-05-10 2020-07-02 バーバー，ジェラルド ガイドワイヤ用の分割化翼型設計
EP3635248A4 (fr) * 2017-05-10 2021-03-03 Barber, Gerald Conception de profil aérodynamique segmentée pour fils-guide
US11359608B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2022-06-14 Gerald L. Barber Segmented airfoil design for guide wires
EP4033089A1 (fr) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-27 Charles Maximilien De Martini Eolienne à pales déportées
CH718281A1 (fr) * 2021-01-25 2022-07-29 De Martini Max Eolienne à pales déportées.

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