WO2012038769A1 - Measuring apparatus for determining flowing properties of polymeric melts - Google Patents

Measuring apparatus for determining flowing properties of polymeric melts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012038769A1
WO2012038769A1 PCT/HU2011/000093 HU2011000093W WO2012038769A1 WO 2012038769 A1 WO2012038769 A1 WO 2012038769A1 HU 2011000093 W HU2011000093 W HU 2011000093W WO 2012038769 A1 WO2012038769 A1 WO 2012038769A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensors
capillary channel
measuring
capillary
mould
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU2011/000093
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
András SZŰCS
Original Assignee
Kecskeméti Főiskola
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kecskeméti Főiskola filed Critical Kecskeméti Főiskola
Publication of WO2012038769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012038769A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/44—Resins; rubber; leather
    • G01N33/442—Resins, plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C45/7646—Measuring, controlling or regulating viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts, the device containing a measuring capillary channel arranged in a mould of an injection moulding machine and sensors connected to said measuring capillary channel.
  • the flow behaviour of the plastics applied for injection moulding is monitored mainly with capillary rheometers.
  • capillary rheometers Such known devices are e.g. Rheograph 25, 75 or 120 (GOETTFERT).
  • Rheograph 25, 75 or 120 GOETTFERT
  • the material is heated in a cylinder by band heaters.
  • melting in this way is rather different from the injection plastication.
  • the basic drawback of the conventional measuring systems is, that the characteristics of the flow can not always be measured in the whole range of the deformation rate. In the case of materials of high viscosity, the shear stresses belonging to higher deformation rates can only be measured by extrapolation, which can result in rather high measuring error.
  • MFI flow index
  • an injection moulding machine may also be used for pressing a plastic melt with high pressure through a special tool.
  • the capillary channel is arranged in a conical insert, and the other plate contains a cylinder provided with a movable pis- ton for receiving the melt (C. Holzer, T. Lucyshyn, W. Friesenbichler, I. Duretek, R. Jegadeesan: Measurement of pressure dependent viscosity and its influence on injection moulding simulation, PPS-2009 Europe-Africa Regional Meeting, Polymer Processing Society, Larnaca (Cyprus), 2009. October 18-21 ).
  • sensors are provided in the capillary channel for measuring the tem- perature and the heat flow. The volumetric flow is measured by said cylinder.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a measuring system, which can be used in industrial scales.
  • a further disadvantage is that the material to be tested is kept in the tool for a rather long period of time, and in this way the time needed for the examination is undesirably extended.
  • the temperature of the tool could be controlled.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts, which eliminates the drawbacks of the prior art devices and which can increase the efficiency and diversity of the tests.
  • the device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts which contains a measuring capillary channel arranged in a mould of an injection moulding machine and sensors are connected to said measuring capillary channel, the sensors are arranged in the mould part connected to the fixed plate of the injection moulding machine, behind the melt in- flow downstream of the melt, meanwhile the capillary channel is provided in an insert arranged in a cavity of the mould part connected to the moving plate of the injection moulding machine, facing the sensors and the melt inflow, wherein the sensors are coplanar with the surface of the fixed mould part and the upper surface of the capillary insert is coplanar with the surface of the moving mould part.
  • the cross section of the capillary channel may be constant, divergent or contracting.
  • the sensors are preferably heat sensors and/or temperature sensors, and the capillary channel is opening into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the mould parts may be provided with channels for tempering medium and/or with heating elements.
  • the melt inflow is preferably a removable conical bush/bush provided with a conical hole.
  • the alternate capillary channels can be used for many examinations which could not be carried out before.
  • a further advantage is that the device according to the invention can be used in conventional injection moulding machines, and therefor the installation costs are lower, than that of the prior art devices.
  • the injection pressure in an injection moulding machine exceeds 1500 bar, and in this way, high pressure can be used for the examinations. Due to the adjustable tool temperature, both isotherm and non-isotherm mould filling processes can be examined. In case of shear flow, appropriate capillary inserts can provide the necessary corrections. Elongation viscosity can also be measured with capillary inserts having changing cross section. The geometry of the capillary inserts is rather simple, therefor the production costs are low. Further possibilities are the examination of melt-breakes or the influence of the capillary channel surface on the flow behaviour. Measuring of the viscosity under pressure is also possible by applying choke.
  • the deformation rate can be high, and the time needed for the measurements can be further reduced by automa- tion.
  • Fig. 1 shows the fixed plate of an injection moulding machine
  • Fig. 2 shows the moving plate of the injection moulding machine
  • Fig. 3 is the top view of the capillary insert belonging to the moving plate
  • Fig. 4 is the cross section of the capillary insert
  • Fig. 5 is an axonometric view of the capillary insert.
  • the main part of the measuring device is an injection moulding tool provided with interchangeable mould plates.
  • the fixed plate 1 and the moving plate 2 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the temperature of the tool may be adjusted by water, water under pressure or oil.
  • the medium used for that purpose is flowing in the tool through ducts 3 and 4.
  • the maximum temperature, which may be provided in the tool in this way is about 150°C. If higher temperatures are needed, electric heating elements 5, 6 should be used.
  • the maximum tool temperature, which may be provided with heating elements like these is about 300°C, if appropriate insulation is applied.
  • the fixed plate 1 is provided with sensors 7, 8, 9 and 10, which are pressure sensors in this embodiment. These sensors are arranged on the surface facing the moving plate 2 and are coplanar with the surface of the fixed plate 1 , without disturbing the flow of the melt.
  • a melt inlet 1 1 is arranged at about the middle of the fixed plate 1 , unilinear with the sensors 7, 8, 9 and 10. It is preferably an interchangeable bush (not shown).
  • the inner hole of the bush may be conical, for allowing easy removal of the solidified material.
  • the moving plate 2 is provided with a cavity for capillary inserts 12.
  • Figs. 3-5 show that the capillary insert 12 is a flat piece provided with a flat (capillary) channel 13 closed at one end and open at the other end.
  • the central axis of the channel is identical with the straight line connecting the central points of the sensors and the melt inlet.
  • the melt inlet 1 1 is at the closed end of the capillary channel (13).
  • the material arriving from the nozzle of the injection moulding machine flows into the capillary channel (12) through the inlet bush.
  • the samples are removed from the tool at the end of each measurement. If the test is made at high temperature, the tool need not be opened, as the material remains in molten state.
  • the change of the inserts takes only several minutes. Due to the change- abolity of the capillary channels, the corrections applied in such tests (e.g. Bag- ley, Rabinowitsch, Mooney etc.) can be carried out easily, following the measurements.
  • Flow curves can be drawn from the values received by the tests.
  • Shear stresses in the capillary channels may be calculated from the pressure values received by the tests. On basis of the injection rates, volumetric flow rates and shear rates can also be calculated.
  • the sensors applied may also be temperature sensors allowing the measurement of temperature changes.
  • the embodiment shown in the Figs contains a capillary insert 2 provided with a capillary channel 13 of constant cross section, which may be mounted in the moving plate 2 by screws passing through bores 14.
  • capillary channels are used for measurements.
  • capillary channels of changing cross section can be used for elongation flow measurements.
  • Bagley correction is applied, the length of the capillary channel should be changed.
  • the depth of the capillary channel should be changed.
  • the device according to the invention enables increasing accuracy of the measurement and decreasing the time needed for the measurement.
  • measurements of isotherm and non-isotherm flow, normal forces, input and output losses may be carried out, shear and elongation flow, viscosity under pressure and melt break may be investigated.
  • the device may be automated, and then more easy handling as well as automated data collection and evaluation can be achieved.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts, the device containing a measuring capillary channel arranged in a mould of an injection moulding machine and sensors connected to said measuring capillary channel. In the measuring device, the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) are arranged in the mould part (1 ) connected to the fixed plate of the injection moulding machine, behind the melt inflow (1 1 ) downstream of the melt, mean¬ while the capillary channel (13) is provided in an insert (12) arranged in a cavity of the mould part (2) connected to the moving plate of the injection moulding machine, facing the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) and the melt inflow (1 1 ), wherein the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) are coplanar with the surface of the fixed mould part (1 ) and the upper surface of the capillary insert (12) is coplanar with the surface of the moving mould part (2).

Description

MEASURING APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING FLOWING PROPERTIES
OF POLYMERIC METLS
The present invention relates to a device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts, the device containing a measuring capillary channel arranged in a mould of an injection moulding machine and sensors connected to said measuring capillary channel.
During injection moulding, a melt of plastic material of high viscosity is injected with high pressure into a cooled mould. The structure developed during filling the mould has a basic influence on the nature of the flow and, accordingly, on the features of the product.
Providing rheological model to characterize the flow of plastics/polymers is rather difficult, as the viscosity depends on the temperature, pressure, molecular mass and distribution of the molecular mass as well as on the rate of deformation. Processing of polymers is therefor rather difficult, due to this sophisticated flow process. In practice, viscosity curves and flow curves are used for characterizing fluidity.
Several systems are known for simulating the process of filling injection moulds. These enable finding and correcting possible failures of the construction before producing the tool. One of the most important part of the database of the simulation programs is the viscosity curve of the applied materials. The accuracy of the simulation depends basically on these curves showing the flow characteristics of the material. Change of the flow characteristics may cause problems during processing of plastics.
The flow behaviour of the plastics applied for injection moulding is monitored mainly with capillary rheometers. Such known devices are e.g. Rheograph 25, 75 or 120 (GOETTFERT). For measuring in rheometers, the material is heated in a cylinder by band heaters. However, melting in this way is rather different from the injection plastication. The basic drawback of the conventional measuring systems is, that the characteristics of the flow can not always be measured in the whole range of the deformation rate. In the case of materials of high viscosity, the shear stresses belonging to higher deformation rates can only be measured by extrapolation, which can result in rather high measuring error.
In industrial practice, the most frequent method for establishing flow characteristics of plastics is measuring the flow index (MFI). However, this simple method does not deliver detailed information on the flow characteristics of the given material, and the flow curve can not be established in this way either. Changing the applied force during the measurement enables determining some points of the flow curve, but these are not exact values without correction. Typically, the maximum shear rate is less, then 100s"1.
Spiral mould has been suggested already for characterizing rheological behaviour of polypropylene (I. Claveria , C. Javierre, L. Ponz: Method for generation of rheological model to characterize non-conventional injection molding by means of spiral mold, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 162-163., 477^83; 2005). In this mould, however, the influence of the tool temperature on the results measured is not known. The period of filling the mould may be between several tenth of seconds and several seconds, and therefor, the change of the structure due to cooling can probably not be ne- glected.
During laboratory tests, the material melting process is considerably different from the plastification during injection moulding. Accordingly, rheological characteristics of the materials are also different, which means that deficient material models may be used in CAE systems.
Therefor, in conformity with the standard capillary viscosity-meters, instead of an extruder machine, an injection moulding machine may also be used for pressing a plastic melt with high pressure through a special tool.
In another known system (P. F. Bariani, M. Salvador, G. Lucchetta: Development of a test method for the rheological characterization of polymers under the injection molding process conditions, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191., 1 19-122; 2007) a capillary insert is held between the fixed plate and the moving plate of an injection moulding machine, and the polymer is injected to the capillary channel by a separate piston. In order to measure the viscosity, there are sensors in the capillary channel.
According to another method, the capillary channel is arranged in a conical insert, and the other plate contains a cylinder provided with a movable pis- ton for receiving the melt (C. Holzer, T. Lucyshyn, W. Friesenbichler, I. Duretek, R. Jegadeesan: Measurement of pressure dependent viscosity and its influence on injection moulding simulation, PPS-2009 Europe-Africa Regional Meeting, Polymer Processing Society, Larnaca (Cyprus), 2009. October 18-21 ). In this device, sensors are provided in the capillary channel for measuring the tem- perature and the heat flow. The volumetric flow is measured by said cylinder.
A first object of the present invention is to provide a measuring system, which can be used in industrial scales.
The main drawback of the known systems applied up to now is that they are rather complicated and, at the same time, can only be used for a single measurement. For every other test a new tool or measuring arrangement should be set up, which is rather cost and work consuming.
A further disadvantage is that the material to be tested is kept in the tool for a rather long period of time, and in this way the time needed for the examination is undesirably extended. For increasing the diversity of the tests, it would be advantageous if the temperature of the tool could be controlled.
Therefor, another object of the invention is to provide a device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts, which eliminates the drawbacks of the prior art devices and which can increase the efficiency and diversity of the tests.
In the device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts according to the invention, which contains a measuring capillary channel arranged in a mould of an injection moulding machine and sensors are connected to said measuring capillary channel, the sensors are arranged in the mould part connected to the fixed plate of the injection moulding machine, behind the melt in- flow downstream of the melt, meanwhile the capillary channel is provided in an insert arranged in a cavity of the mould part connected to the moving plate of the injection moulding machine, facing the sensors and the melt inflow, wherein the sensors are coplanar with the surface of the fixed mould part and the upper surface of the capillary insert is coplanar with the surface of the moving mould part.
The cross section of the capillary channel may be constant, divergent or contracting.
The sensors are preferably heat sensors and/or temperature sensors, and the capillary channel is opening into the surrounding atmosphere.
The mould parts may be provided with channels for tempering medium and/or with heating elements. The melt inflow is preferably a removable conical bush/bush provided with a conical hole.
The inventors recognised that, with applying interchangeable capillary inserts and controlled heating of the tool, many tests (creep flow, viscosity under pressure, non-isotherm processes, corrections) can be carried out, which were not possible with the prior art devices or which could be get through only with difficulties.
It was further recognised, that the productive time of the measurement can be considerably increased, moreover further kinds of tests can be carried out, if the material to be tested is moulded through a relatively short capillary channel, and thereafter, the material can flow out from the tool into the surrounding at- mosphere.
The alternate capillary channels can be used for many examinations which could not be carried out before. A further advantage is that the device according to the invention can be used in conventional injection moulding machines, and therefor the installation costs are lower, than that of the prior art devices. The injection pressure in an injection moulding machine exceeds 1500 bar, and in this way, high pressure can be used for the examinations. Due to the adjustable tool temperature, both isotherm and non-isotherm mould filling processes can be examined. In case of shear flow, appropriate capillary inserts can provide the necessary corrections. Elongation viscosity can also be measured with capillary inserts having changing cross section. The geometry of the capillary inserts is rather simple, therefor the production costs are low. Further possibilities are the examination of melt-breakes or the influence of the capillary channel surface on the flow behaviour. Measuring of the viscosity under pressure is also possible by applying choke.
In the device according to the invention the deformation rate can be high, and the time needed for the measurements can be further reduced by automa- tion.
Further details of the invention will be explained by preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing, wherein
Fig. 1 shows the fixed plate of an injection moulding machine,
Fig. 2 shows the moving plate of the injection moulding machine,
Fig. 3 is the top view of the capillary insert belonging to the moving plate, Fig. 4 is the cross section of the capillary insert and
Fig. 5 is an axonometric view of the capillary insert.
The main part of the measuring device is an injection moulding tool provided with interchangeable mould plates. The fixed plate 1 and the moving plate 2 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The temperature of the tool may be adjusted by water, water under pressure or oil. The medium used for that purpose is flowing in the tool through ducts 3 and 4. The maximum temperature, which may be provided in the tool in this way is about 150°C. If higher temperatures are needed, electric heating elements 5, 6 should be used. The maximum tool temperature, which may be provided with heating elements like these is about 300°C, if appropriate insulation is applied.
The fixed plate 1 is provided with sensors 7, 8, 9 and 10, which are pressure sensors in this embodiment. These sensors are arranged on the surface facing the moving plate 2 and are coplanar with the surface of the fixed plate 1 , without disturbing the flow of the melt.
A melt inlet 1 1 is arranged at about the middle of the fixed plate 1 , unilinear with the sensors 7, 8, 9 and 10. It is preferably an interchangeable bush (not shown). The inner hole of the bush may be conical, for allowing easy removal of the solidified material.
The moving plate 2 is provided with a cavity for capillary inserts 12. Figs. 3-5 show that the capillary insert 12 is a flat piece provided with a flat (capillary) channel 13 closed at one end and open at the other end. The central axis of the channel is identical with the straight line connecting the central points of the sensors and the melt inlet. In the assembled state of the tool, the melt inlet 1 1 is at the closed end of the capillary channel (13).
In the device according to the invention, the material arriving from the nozzle of the injection moulding machine flows into the capillary channel (12) through the inlet bush. When carrying out measurements at low temperature, the samples are removed from the tool at the end of each measurement. If the test is made at high temperature, the tool need not be opened, as the material remains in molten state.
The change of the inserts takes only several minutes. Due to the change- abolity of the capillary channels, the corrections applied in such tests (e.g. Bag- ley, Rabinowitsch, Mooney etc.) can be carried out easily, following the measurements.
During stable flow period, shear stresses can be established on basis of the internal pressure values, and deformation rates from the flow rates.
Flow curves can be drawn from the values received by the tests.
Shear stresses in the capillary channels may be calculated from the pressure values received by the tests. On basis of the injection rates, volumetric flow rates and shear rates can also be calculated.
The sensors applied may also be temperature sensors allowing the measurement of temperature changes.
The embodiment shown in the Figs, contains a capillary insert 2 provided with a capillary channel 13 of constant cross section, which may be mounted in the moving plate 2 by screws passing through bores 14. Commonly such type of capillary channels are used for measurements. However, capillary channels of changing cross section can be used for elongation flow measurements. When Bagley correction is applied, the length of the capillary channel should be changed. For establishing wall-slit, the depth of the capillary channel should be changed.
The device according to the invention enables increasing accuracy of the measurement and decreasing the time needed for the measurement. By chang- ing parameters of the device, measurements of isotherm and non-isotherm flow, normal forces, input and output losses may be carried out, shear and elongation flow, viscosity under pressure and melt break may be investigated.
The device may be automated, and then more easy handling as well as automated data collection and evaluation can be achieved.

Claims

WHAT WE CLAIM IS
1 . Device for measuring of rheological behaviour of polymer melts, the device containing a measuring capillary channel arranged in a mould of an injec- tion moulding machine and sensors connected to said measuring capillary channel, characterized in that the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) are arranged in the mould part (1) connected to the fixed plate of the injection moulding machine, behind the melt inflow (1 1) downstream of the melt, meanwhile the capillary channel (13) is provided in an insert (12) arranged in a cavity of the mould part (2) connected to the moving plate of the injection moulding machine, facing the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) and the melt inflow (1 1 ), wherein the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) are coplanar with the surface of the fixed mould part (1 ) and the upper surface of the capillary insert (12) is coplanar with the surface of the moving mould part (2).
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the cross section of the capillary channel (13) is constant.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the cross section of the capillary channel ( 3) is divergent.
4. The device as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the cross section of the capillary channel ( 3) is contracting.
5. The device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sensors (7, 8, 9, 10) are heat sensors and/or temperature sensors.
6. The device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the capillary channel (13) is opening into the surrounding atmosphere.
7. The device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mould parts (1 , 2) are provided with channels (3, 4) for tempering medium.
8. The device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mould parts (1 , 2) are provided with heating elements (5, 6).
PCT/HU2011/000093 2010-09-23 2011-09-22 Measuring apparatus for determining flowing properties of polymeric melts WO2012038769A1 (en)

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HUP1000519 2010-09-23
HU1000519A HU229126B1 (en) 2010-09-23 2010-09-23 Test device formesuring rheological characteristic of polymer molding

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Cited By (3)

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CN104267177A (en) * 2014-09-10 2015-01-07 常州大学 Plastic melt PVT (pressure, volume and temperature) characteristic experimental device
US9097565B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-08-04 Beaumont Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for material flow characterization
WO2019243185A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 Klöckner Desma Elastomertechnik GmbH Method for the online sensing of the rheology of thermoplastic and/or elastomer material for the production of injection-moulded parts

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9097565B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2015-08-04 Beaumont Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for material flow characterization
CN104267177A (en) * 2014-09-10 2015-01-07 常州大学 Plastic melt PVT (pressure, volume and temperature) characteristic experimental device
WO2019243185A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2019-12-26 Klöckner Desma Elastomertechnik GmbH Method for the online sensing of the rheology of thermoplastic and/or elastomer material for the production of injection-moulded parts
CN112469547A (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-03-09 克鲁克纳德士马弹性技术有限公司 Method for on-line sensing of rheology of thermoplastic and/or elastomeric materials for manufacturing injection molded parts
CN112469547B (en) * 2018-06-21 2023-03-14 克鲁克纳德士马弹性技术有限公司 Method for on-line sensing of rheology of thermoplastic and/or elastomeric materials for manufacturing injection molded parts

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HU229126B1 (en) 2013-08-28
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