WO2012033423A1

WO2012033423A1 - Apparatus for thorough biochemical purification of waste water

Info

Publication number: WO2012033423A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000481
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Петрович КОЛЕСНИКОВ; Дмитрий Владимирович КОЛЕСНИКОВ
Original assignee: Kolesnikov Vladimir Petrovich; Kolesnikov Dmitry Vladimirovich
Priority date: 2010-09-09
Filing date: 2010-09-09
Publication date: 2012-03-15
Also published as: BRPI1103172A2; AR079937A1; IL237499A0

Abstract

The invention relates to the purification of domestic and industrial waste water. The apparatus for thorough biochemical purification of waste water comprises mechanical purification apparatuses, anaerobic bioreactors, waste water and sludge mixing chambers with circulation pumps and combined biological purification devices. The combined biological purification devices comprise biofilters with artificial loading, irrigation systems, collecting trays and drains. Aeration columns which are deepened into aeration zones of settling aeration tanks are coupled to the drains. A waste water supply pipeline is coupled to the mixing chambers of the combined biological purification devices. A delivery pipeline of the circulation pump which is mounted in the mixing chamber of the first combined device is coupled to the irrigation system as well as to the mixing chamber of the second combined device. The delivery pipeline of the circulation pump which is mounted in the mixing chamber of the second combined device is coupled to the irrigation system, to the mixing chamber of the first combined device and to a waste sludge treatment device. The invention ensures an efficient and stable quality of the purification of waste water with a high content of organic contaminants, hydrogen sulphide, hydrosulphides and ammonium nitrate and makes it possible to increase the ecological safety.

Description

INSTALLATION FOR DEEP BIOCHEMICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT

The invention relates to the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater with an organic pollutant content of BOD up to 50,000 mg / dm ", suspended solids up to 1,500 mg / dm ³ , a content of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg / dm ³ and can be used in wastewater treatment, for example, residential buildings, towns, cities, livestock farms, yeast, breweries, sugar factories, pulp and

1 5 paper mills, etc.

In the sewage systems of villages and small cities with a significant extent of gravity and pressure reservoirs, the content of sulfides and hydrogen sulfide increases to 5 - 40 mg / dm ³ , ammonium nitrogen to 50 - 100 mg / dm ³ due to rotting

20 organic pollutants in the collectors and receiving tanks of pumping pumping stations, wastewater from septic tanks and cesspools. The processes of sulfate reduction and ammonification are especially active in the warm season. During methane fermentation in anaerobic bioreactors in the treatment of concentrated wastewater

25 yeast, brewing, sugar factories, pulp and paper mills, the content of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides increases to 10 ... 100 mg / DM ³ and the pH decreases to 4 - 5. As you know, hydrogen sulfide is an enzyme poison and in combination with a low value pY is an inhibitor of the processes of biodegradation of organic substances and nitrification; therefore, its content in wastewater,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) submitted for biological treatment, according to regulatory values, should not exceed 2 mg / dm ^" \

A device for biochemical wastewater treatment, containing a biofilter located above the aeration tank-settler with feed pipes for jet aeration of liquid attached to the collecting tray of the biofilter, a mixing chamber and a circulation pump (USSR Author's Certificate JM 1020379, MKI C02 F3 / 02, publ. 30.05 .1983). The advantage of this device is: a high degree of wastewater treatment due to the combination of the oxidizing and sorption properties of the biocenosis of the biofilter and the microflora of activated sludge aeration tank. Design features of the device provide effective wastewater treatment according to BOD from 1 0 - 2000 mg / dm ³ to 5 - 15 mg / dm ^"5 , even at a concentration of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulphides up to 8 mg / dm ^{" 5} due to blowing of hydrogen sulfide in the biofilter and the development of microflora carrying out the sorption and oxidation of hydrosulfides.

The formation of specific microflora can be facilitated by a constructive device for loading a biofilter from elements in the form of ceramic balls with recesses in a spherical surface (RF patent jNe 23 1 0499 VO 1 D 53/1 8, publ. 20.1 1 .2007), developed for mass transfer apparatus of the chemical industry . The recesses filled with liquid and microflora contribute to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of sulfur bacteria, filamentous, thionic microorganisms, planktomycetes, etc.

The formation of a developed microflora layer is also facilitated by a plane loading device with an equivalent roughness of 0.02 - 2 (RF patent Ν »222091 5 С02 F 3/00, publ. July 27, 2003). However, the use of artificial materials (fiberglass, ceramic, plastic), which are dielectrics, does not provide sufficient

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) adhesion of microflora to the loading surface. In the process of industrial research, it was found that ceramic products possess the best adhesion properties of biomass to the loading surface.

Also known installation for biochemical treatment of highly concentrated wastewater according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2139257, MKI C02 F3 / 02, publ. 10. 10.1999, in which a biocoagulator was used and a bioreactor was used for the treatment of wastewater with artificial loading from sheets with varying hole diameters and distances between the bristles, which further transforms nitrogen-containing contaminants and delays pop-up sludge flakes.

The closest set of essential features to the claimed invention is a device for biochemical wastewater treatment from organic and nitrogen-containing contaminants, containing a combined device and a nitrifier, made similar to a combined device, and a denitrifier (RF patent JMb 21 14070, MKI C 02 F 3/02, published on June 27, 1998. A device for biochemical wastewater treatment from organic and nitrogen-containing contaminants.). The technological scheme of the device provides wastewater treatment for nitrogen-containing contaminants.

However, it is impossible to use as a substrate for the denitrifier a mixture of wastewater and sludge from the mixing chamber of the first combined device when the content of hydrogen sulfide in the source wastewater is more than 8 mg / dm 'and ammonia nitrogen is more than 30 mg / dm ³ , since this will lead to a deterioration in the quality of treatment Wastewater.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The use of loading materials in the volume of the aeration tank can contribute to increasing the stability and depth of the nitrification process.

90 The use of biological loading units, from plates with holes and bristles according to the patent of the Russian Federation Ν "2139257, placed above the triangular rollers, which reduces the surface of the flat part of the bottom of the aeration tank, allows you to increase the total amount of active biomass, including nitrification.

95 The task set by the developers of the new installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment was to create such plant options that would ensure an effective and stable quality of wastewater treatment with a high content of organic pollutants, hydrogen sulfide, hydrosulfides, YuO ammonium nitrogen and would allow increase the environmental safety of treated wastewater.

The technical result achieved in the process of solving the task set before the developers was a high degree of wastewater treatment.

105

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment with an organic pollution content according to the BOD of up to 50,000 mg / dm ^{"" 1} , hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg / dm ³ , including for the concentration of pollution by BOD up to 3000 mg / dm ³ mechanical cleaning devices and BOD up to 50,000 mg / dm ³ anaerobic bioreactors, wastewater and sludge mixing chambers with circulation pumps and combined biological treatment devices containing biofilters with artificial loading, irrigated systems oia, lis prefabricated pallets and collectors to which are connected

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) aeration columns buried in the aeration zones of aeration tanks-settlers, in which the sewage supply pipe is connected to the mixing chambers of the combined biological treatment devices, and the pressure pipe of the circulation pump installed in the mixing chamber of the first combined device is connected to the irrigation system, as well as to the mixing chamber the second combined device and the pressure pipe of the circulation pump installed in the mixing chamber of the second combined device inen to the irrigation system, to the mixing chamber of the first combined device and to the device for processing excess sludge.

However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment with a content of organic pollutants in BP up to 3000 mg / dm ³ and fats up to 300 mg / dm ³ , including biocoagulators-flotators, pressure-sensitive biological treatment devices the pipeline of the circulation pump installed in the mixing chamber of the second combined device is simultaneously connected to the irrigation system, to the mixing chamber of the first combined device and to the water-jet aerator of the biocoagulator-f lotator, as well as the fact that aeration columns are attached to the receiving chamber of the aerator, 0.3 - 1.5 m long, with tilt angles to the central axis of 0 to 50 ° and tangentially directed nozzles.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment to the mixing chambers of the first and / or second combined devices are connected pipelines for the supply of hydrogen peroxide.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment, further includes a denitrifier. A mixer is installed on the drainage line of the clarified liquid from the second combined device to the denitrifier, to which the pressure pipelines of the circulation pumps of the first and / or second combined devices are connected, as well as the pipeline for supplying the coagulant solution.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment additionally includes a post-treatment bioreactor with artificial loading, which is connected to the liquid discharge pipe from the second combined device and / or denitrifier.

However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment further includes a sorption filter with a charge having the property of chemisorption of orthophosphates, which is connected to a combined biological treatment device and / or denitrifier and / or bioreactor.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment additionally includes an excess sludge treatment device, the discharge pipes of which from the combined biological treatment device are connected to a thickener, which, in turn, is connected to a belt filter press, where the dehydrated cake drainage device is connected to a granulator, where a feed line (organic and / or mineral additives) is also connected. The pellet removal device is connected to a roller conveyor equipped with

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) electric heating elements, and / or with microwave emitters arranged in series above the conveyor, connected, in turn, to the storage tank.

However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the combined biological treatment device, the biofilter loading elements are made in the form of balls with a diameter of 35-100 mm with 4-10 recesses, the axes of which converge in the center of the ball. Balls have protrusions on the surface 0, 1 - 1, 5 mm. The composition of the material elements included metal compounds.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the device for combined biological treatment, the biofilter is loaded from corrugated ceramic sheets with a width of 0.5 - 1, 5 m, a height of 0.5 - 3 m, a thickness of 2 - 4 mm, with protrusions (roughness ) on a surface of 0, 1 - 2 mm, with a frame of parallel and longitudinal wavy strips with a width and thickness of 3 - 10 mm. Part of the longitudinal strips is made in the form of protruding wavy partitions with a width of 0 0 - 35 mm. The composition of the sheet material includes metal compounds.

However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the combined biological treatment device, the width of the triangular rollers placed on the flat part of the bottom of the aeration zone is 0.5 - 2.0 m and a height of 0.5 - 1.5 m.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the combined biological treatment unit, rollers with biological loading are installed above the rollers, made of plastic plates with 3-30 mm holes and 5-50 mm bristles or ceramic plates, including metal compounds,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) with attached rods or plates of different lengths of 5-40 mm and a roughness on them in the form of protrusions (0, 1 - 1, 5 mm).

200 However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the combined biological treatment unit, the sludge discharge pipe is installed along the outer perimeter of the conical part of the bottom of the aeration tank-settler and has holes or nozzles located at an angle of 0 - 90 ° to the horizontal axis of the pipeline and at a distance

205 0.2 - 1, 0 m from each other.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the combined biological treatment device in the biofilter irrigation system, the distances from the upper ends of the drain pipes of the trays to the disk reflectors are 0.8 - 2 m, and

210 distances between the centers of the trays and the distances between the axes of the nozzles in the trays are 0.6 - 1.8 m. In a water-jet aeration system, the distances between the cuttings of the aeration columns of the upper part are 50 - 500 mm and the distances between the lower cuts of the aeration columns are 0.5 - 3m.

2 15 However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the bioreactor device rods or plates are attached to plastic or ceramic sheets with a length of 10 - 100 mm with holes of 3 - 30 mm. The distances between the rods or plates and the diameters of the holes decrease from bottom to top of the load. On sheets, rods

220 or plates there are protrusions 0, 1 - 1, 5 mm. Metal compounds are included in the structure of the loading material.

In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the anaerobic bioreactor device, the circulating fluid supply pipes are deepened by 0.3 - 2.5 m, installed at angles of inclination of

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 0 to 70 ° to the central axis and equipped with tangentially directed nozzles.

Evidence of the feasibility of the claimed invention is given by specific examples in plant options for deep biochemical wastewater treatment with a high content of BOD, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen sulfides and ammonium nitrogen. These characteristic examples are in no way limited by other various embodiments of the invention, but merely explain its essence.

Cited as specific examples of the invention, the installation options for biochemical wastewater treatment are illustrated graphically, where:

figure 1 - schematically shows a variant of the technological scheme of the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment;

in FIG. 2 - schematically shows a variant of the technological scheme of a biochemical wastewater treatment plant with a biocoagulator and an anaerobic bioreactor;

in FIG. 3 - - on an enlarged scale, section A - A is shown of an aeration tank of a settling tank with triangular rollers, blocks with biological loading, aeration columns and a sludge discharge pipe;

in FIG. 4 - section B - B in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 5 shows a section through a spherical biofilter loading element; in FIG. 6 - the foreground of the corrugated ceramic biofilter loading sheet is given;

in FIG. 7 shows a section of one corrugated ceramic sheet; in FIG. 8 - shows a section of several sheets assembled;

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) in FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of a fragment of a ceramic sheet;

in FIG. 10 - given the foreground of the bioreactor loading sheet;

255 in FIG. 1 1 shows a section through a bioreactor loading sheet;

in FIG. 12 - a flow chart of the processing of excess sludge.

The claimed installation is intended for deep purification of domestic and industrial wastewater with a content of

260 organic pollutants according to BOD up to 50,000 mgS / dm ³ , suspended solids up to 1,500 mg / dm ^"1 , the total content of hydrogen sulfide, hydrosulphides and ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg / dm ^" , in which wastewater is fed through line 1 to a thin device mechanical cleaning 2, then to the sand trap 3. From the collection tray of the sand trap 3 part

265 of the wastewater is sent to the mixing chamber 4, in which the circulation pump 5 is installed, the sludge mixture from the first combined biological treatment device 6 is also fed through the gravity pipe, the rest of the liquid is sent through the pipe 1 to the mixing chamber 7 of the second

270 biological treatment devices 8. Into the mixing chambers 4 and 7, a 30–35% solution of hydrogen peroxide is also supplied from the tank with a mixing device 10 through a pipe 9. The mixture of wastewater and sludge by a circulation pump 5 is pumped through a pressure pipe 1 1 into a spherical biofilter irrigation system

275 loading elements 12 of the device b and into the mixing chamber 7 of the device 8, and part of the wastewater and sludge (substrate) is sent to the mixer 13. The waste liquid after the first cleaning step in the combined device 6 is sent to the second cleaning stage in the combined device 8. From the chamber mixing 7 a mixture of wastewater

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 1.1

280 water and sludge through a pipe 14 is supplied to the irrigation system of the biofilter of device 8 and through a pipe 1 5 part of the mixture of wastewater and sludge (substrate) is sent to a mixer 13 installed on the pipeline for discharge of clarified liquid, and a part of the sludge mixture to the device for processing excess sludge 16 .The mixer is also fed

285 pipeline 1 7 from the tank with a mixing device 1 8 coagulant solution (2 - 5%). Next, the liquid mixed with the substrate and the coagulant enters the denitrifier with a mechanical stirrer 19. Then, from the collection tray of the denitrification settling zone, the wastewater enters the aeration chamber of the bioreactor 20, and then passes

290 through artificial loading 21. Wastewater is sent from the bioreactor to a sorption filter 22. Disinfection and deodorization of the air used in biochemical processes is carried out in the device 23.

When treating industrial wastewater with a content of 295 organic pollutants in BP from 1,500 to 3,000 mgS / dm ³ , suspended solids up to 1,500 mg / dm ^" , the total amount of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 1 00 mg / dm" in the process The installation scheme additionally includes a sewage pumping station 24 and a bio-coagulator 25. At higher concentrations of organic pollutants from 3000 to 50,000 mg / dm ^{3, the} technological scheme is supplemented by an anaerobic bioreactor 26.

To exclude the occurrence of sludge and increase the efficiency of the installation for biochemical wastewater treatment in 305 devices 6 and 8, the aeration tank settler 27 is divided into cells by triangular rollers 28, above which biological loading units 29 are installed. Above the flat parts of the bottom of the aeration tank 27

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) aeration columns 30 are installed. 3 10 sludge discharge pipe 3 1 with evenly spaced openings 32 is mounted on the outer perimeter of the conical part of the bottom of the aeration tank-sump 27.

To increase the residence time and create a developed surface of liquid-biomass contact, processes of hydrogen sulfide blow-off, oxidation of hydrosulfides and nitrification in

3 15 biofilters of devices 6 and / or 8 used loading elements 12, made in the form of balls with recesses 33 in a spherical surface, the axes of which intersect in the center of the ball. On the surface of the balls there is a roughness in the form of protrusions. The composition of the boot material included metal compounds.

320 As an artificial loading of biofilters in devices 6 and

8 corrugated ceramic sheets 34 can be used. The sheet frame consists of parallel and wavy longitudinal strips 35. Part of the longitudinal strips 36 has the form of protruding wavy partitions. The surface of the sheets 34 excluding strips 35

325 is performed with developed roughness in the form of protrusions 37.

Artificial loading 21 of the bioreactor 20 is made of plastic or ceramic sheets 38 to which the rods or plates 39 are attached. The sheets are made with holes 40. There are protrusions 41 on the sheets, rods or plates.

zzo Piping pipes for the removal of excess sludge 15 from the combined biological treatment unit 8, denitrifier 19, biocoagulator 25 and anaerobic bioreactor 26 are connected to the thickener 42 of the excess sludge treatment device 1 6. The reagent supply line (coagulant and / or flocculant) 43 is connected there.

335 The condensed sludge discharge pipe is connected to the tape

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) filter press 44. The dehydrated cake is fed to a granulator 45, where a feed line for organic and / or mineral additives 46 is also connected. The pellet removal device is connected to a conveyor with rollers 47 provided with electric heating elements 340. Heating elements 48 may be mounted under the conveyor rollers. Microwave emitters 49 are installed above the conveyor. Granules are discharged into storage tank 50.

The described plant for biochemical treatment works

345 wastewater as follows.

In the deep treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater with an organic pollution content of BOD up to 1500 mgS / dm ', suspended solids up to 1500 mg / dm, the total content of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg / dm ^' '

350 wastewater through pipeline 1 enters the device 2 of fine mechanical treatment, where coarse particulate matter is retained. Then the wastewater enters the sand trap 3, where sand is deposited. From the collecting tray of the sand trap 3, the waste water is sent to the mixing chamber 4, where it is mixed with

355 with circulating sludge liquid of the first combined biological treatment device 6 and with a 30-35% hydrogen peroxide solution, coming through pipeline 9 from a tank with a mixing device 10. Then, the mixture of wastewater, sludge and reagent using a circulation pump 5 is pumped through

360 pressure pipe 1 1 into the irrigation system of the biofilter of device 6. Next, the liquid passes through the biofilter loading and is discharged into aeration columns, and then mixed with activated sludge of the aeration tank sump. The input of the reagent into the device 6 provides oxidation

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides to colloidal sulfur and sulfates and

365 reduces their inhibitory effect on biocenosis. In addition, in accordance with studies, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in wastewater increases to 5-6 mg / dm ^"5 , which intensifies the biological treatment process. Introduction of hydrogen peroxide into the mixing chamber of the first combined biological treatment device

370 is advisable when the concentration of reduced sulfur compounds is more than 20 mg / dm ³ , or when the concentration of reduced sulfur compounds is 8 mg / dm ³ or more and the concentration of organic substances by BOD is more than 500 mgS / dm ^' '. The dose of hydrogen peroxide is determined empirically taking into account the initial concentration reduced sulfur compounds and

375 is 10 - 100 mg / dm ^" \

With repeated irrigation and contact of the wastewater with the loading surface, biofilter biocenosis and activated sludge, hydrogen sulfide degassing, reagent and biochemical oxidation occur in the reaction zone of the aeration tank settler (1 - 3 hours)

380 reduced sulfur compounds, biodegradation of organic pollutants by BOD by 50 - 70% and the process of partial denitrification (1 0 - 15%). The formation of specific microflora (sulfur bacteria, filamentous, thionic microorganisms, anammox bacteria, etc.), which ensures the sorption and oxidation of hydrosulfides, as well as

385 partial denitrification in the biofilter of device 6 is facilitated by the construction of spherical elements with 8 recesses, the axes of which converge in the center of the ball. The fixing and development of microflora is facilitated by the surface roughness of the loading elements (0, 1 - 1, 5 mm), a decrease in the turbulence of flows and an increase in the contact time

390 flowing liquid with biomass in loading tanks. It is also advisable to use elements with 4 to 10 recesses. At

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Long-term production research has established the optimal diameter of spherical elements - 70 mm, at which siltation of the load does not occur. However, when treating wastewater with an organic impurity content of BOD less than 100 mg / dm ³ , it is possible to use loading elements with a minimum diameter of up to 35 mm and with BOD concentrations above 300 MT M ^J UP to 100 mm. In the manufacture of elements for electrostatic attraction and catalytic effects on microflora, it is advisable to use clays with a high content of iron and aluminum. Refractory metal compounds may additionally be included in the composition of the ceramic loading material.

The introduction into the receiving chamber 4 of the first device 6 of the circulating fluid part from the pressure pipe 14 of the second device 8 is intended to reduce the load of organic substances on the biocenosis of the first device 6 (in case of biomass overload) and is advisable when the concentration of organic substances in wastewater by BOD is more than 500 mg ₂ / dm ¹ . The mineralization of the incremental biomass with a significant amount of adsorbed unoxidized organics from the device 6 is carried out in the device 8. For this, the discharged sludge is piped through the pipe 1 1 to the mixing chamber 7 of the device 8.

Then, the clarified liquid from the settling zone of device 6 is sent to the mixing chamber 7 of device 8. There, part of the initial wastewater and pipeline 9 are supplied with hydrogen peroxide solution from the tank 10. The introduction of hydrogen peroxide into the mixing chamber 7 of the second device 8 is expedient for the residual the content of reduced sulfur compounds after the first combined device over 4

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 420 mg / dm ³ . Then the mixture of wastewater, sludge and reagent is pumped through the pressure pipe 14 using a circulation pump 5 into the irrigation system of the biofilter of the device 8, is sprayed, flows down the charge and is discharged into aeration columns. The water-air mixture leaving the columns is mixed with activated sludge aeration tank -

425 sedimentation tanks. In the device 8 there is further sorption and oxidation of the rest of the organic pollutants. At this stage, with low loads of sludge for organic substances (0.05 - 0.1 kg / BOD per 1 kg of ash-free substance), the process of complete oxidation of organic pollutants and deep processes are carried out

430 nitrification and partial denitrification of nitrogen-containing compounds. The period of stay of wastewater is 4 to 7 hours. In order to activate the biological treatment processes during biomass overloads, in the device 6, 10-30% of the circulating liquid is pumped from the pressure pipe 14 of the second

435 devices of combined biological treatment 8 into the mixing chamber 4 of device 6. When the ammonia nitrogen content in the source wastewater is more than 30 mg / dm ^, part of the sludge mixture from pressure pipe 14 is used as substrate for denitrifier 19, which is pumped through pipeline 1 5 to

440 mixer 13. Pipeline 1-5 also discharges part of the sludge liquid into the excess sludge treatment device 16.

The loading of the biofilters of devices 8, 6 can be performed from spherical elements 1 2 and / or corrugated ceramic plates 34. The inclusion of metal compounds in the composition of the material increases

445 electrokinetic potential of the adsorption layer of the material.

Electrostatic attraction promotes the immobilization of colonies of microorganisms. Frame of thickenings in the form of parallel and

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) longitudinal strips 35 and longitudinal strips with protruding wavy partitions 36 provides structural strength while increasing the weight of the growing biomass layer (up to 10 mm). The size of the attached microflora layer is directly affected by the roughness in the form of protrusions 37 (0, 1 - 1, 5 mm). In the process of studying balls with glued sand with a fraction of 1 - 2 mm, the formation of a stable biocenosis on the surface

^■■

an average of 0.06 - 0.09 g / cm ^~ on a dry matter basis. A decrease in the roughness in the bands of 35 to 0.1 mm reduces the adhesion forces to the loading material, which helps to reduce the size of possible siltation zones and to remove excess biomass.

To consolidate and develop microflora, which oxidizes hydrosulfides, nitrifying bacteria in the aeration zones of aeration tanks-settlers of devices 6 and 8 in plants for deep biochemical wastewater treatment, loading in the form of blocks with a biological load of 29 from plastic plates with holes of 3-30 mm and bristles is used 5 to 50 mm long. Blocks 29 can also be made of ceramic sheets with holes of 3-30 mm and protrusions in the form of rods or plates with a length of 5-40 mm. Sheets, rods or plates have a developed roughness in the form of protrusions. The roughness helps to fix immobilized microflora on the loading surface. The inclusion of metal compounds in the composition of the material increases the electrostatic attraction of microflora, which, along with a decrease in the turbulence of fluid flows inside the load, contributes to the development of nitrifying sludge with a great age. Reducing the turbulence of fluid flows in the load reduces the removal of adapted activated sludge.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The concentration of active biomass in the volume of the flooded load 29 can reach 10 g / dm '.

In order to reduce the influence of the blocks 29 on the hydrodynamic mode of mixing by the aeration columns 30 the contents of the aeration zones of the aeration tanks, the biological loading blocks are installed above the triangular rollers 28, which are placed on the flat part of the bottom of the aeration zone. The optimal sizes of the rollers 28, based on the conditions for ensuring the maximum volume of the reaction zone, the efficiency of mixing of the sludge liquid and the exclusion of sludge, are: width - 0.5 - 2.0 m; height - 0.5 - 1.5 m.

To prevent damping of the shock of gas-liquid flows exiting the lower ends of the aeration columns 30 by the sludge discharge pipe, and, accordingly, the hydrodynamic conditions of mixing the contents of the aeration tank 27, the pipeline 3 1 is mounted behind the outer perimeter of the conical part of the bottom of the aeration tank with openings located at an angle of 0 - 90 ° to the horizontal axis of the pipeline and at a distance of 0.2 - 1, 0 m from each other.

Combined biological treatment devices can ensure the efficient operation of the installation with the following technical parameters of the biofilter irrigation system: distances from the upper ends of the drain pipes of the trays to disk reflectors 0.8 - 2 m (maximum height to maintain the compactness of the incident jet); the distances between the centers of the trays and the distances between the axes of the nozzles in the trays of 0.6 - 1, 8 m and the technical solutions of the water-jet aeration system: the distances between the cuts of the aeration columns of the upper part are 50 - 500 mm (with increasing distances, the angle of inclination of the column decreases and, accordingly, increases

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the amount of air drawn into the aeration columns) and the distances between the lower ends of the adjacent aeration 505 columns of 0.5 - 2 m and the columns standing diagonally, 0.7 - 3 m (sludge on the surface of the bottom of the aeration tank settling tank is excluded).

Next, the treated wastewater from the sludge zone of the device 8 enters the mixer 1 3, which also serves as a circulation

510 with a pump 5 sludge liquid (substrate) from the mixing chamber 4 of the first device 6 or substrate from the mixing chamber 7 of the second device 8. Into mixer 1 3, a 2–5% coagulant solution can be supplied for the reagent removal of phosphates. The resulting mixture is piped into a denitrifier with a mechanical stirrer.

5 1 5 19. In the denitrifier, nitrate nitrogen is transformed into volatile forms of nitrogen. Soluble phosphates interact with the products of hydrolysis of the coagulant to form a coagulate that precipitates together with activated sludge in the lower part of the denitrifier 19, as a result of which the concentrations in the wastewater that has passed through the denitrifier are reduced

520 nitrogen nitrates and phosphates. In experimental studies, the most effective type of coagulant, an aluminum-containing coagulant modified with activated carbon, was established. The dose of coagulant according to A1 ₂ 0 ₃ , taking into account the safety factor for sorption by the activated sludge of coagulant hydrolysis products, is 20

The introduction of a coagulant further intensifies the dehydration process in the excess sludge treatment device 16.

Next, the wastewater through the collection tray of the denitrifier 19 is discharged through a pipeline into the aeration chamber of the bioreactor 20, 530 equipped with a water-jet aerator, where the blowing takes place

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) volatile forms of nitrogen; and saturation of a liquid with atmospheric oxygen. Then, when the liquid moves from bottom to top, it contacts with the artificial charge 21. The bioreactor is loaded from plastic or ceramic plates 38 with attached rods or plates 39 10 to 100 mm long and 40 holes with a diameter of 3 to 30 mm. The presence of holes allows you to optimize the hydrodynamic regime of fluid motion with increasing biomass (i.e., the coefficient of volumetric utilization of the load increases). A specific biocenosis develops on the loading surface, using residual concentrations of organic substances and ammonium nitrogen in the process of life. The roughness in the form of protrusions 41 helps to fix the immobilized microflora. To intensify the process of formation of attached biomass on the loading surface, the load is activated by including metal compounds in its composition. The liquid coming from the denitrifier 19 into the bioreactor 20 also contains light pops of dead sludge. When water moves through the load 21, they are physically retained by filtering the liquid through the biocenosis layer, which is ensured by reducing the distances between the rods or plates in the upper part of the load to 3-5 mm and the formation of a microflora layer on them with a thickness of 1-1.5 mm.

From the bioreactor, wastewater can be piped to a post-treatment filter 22 with a two-layer loading. Upon contact with the first layer, biologically treated wastewater is freed from fine particulate matter, including particles of sludge pops and hydroxocomplexes of aluminophosphates, when contacted with the second layer, dissolved orthophosphates are removed as a result of processes

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) chemisorption, which is due to the intermolecular forces of interaction between orthophosphates and the surface of the loading grains. Periodic regeneration of the feed materials of the bioreactor 20 and the filter 22 is carried out using pumps.

Sludge and sediment are removed from the bioreactor 20 and filter 22 through a pressure pipe to the processing unit of EXCESSIVE ILE 1 6.

When treating industrial wastewater with an organic pollutant content of BOD from 1,500 to 3,000 mgS / dm ³ , suspended solids up to 1,500 mg / dm ^'1 (with an ash content of over 35%), the total content of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg / dm 'wastewater after mechanical treatment in devices 2, 3 is pumped by the pumping station 24 to the bio-coagulator 25.

The feasibility of using biocoagulators in the technological scheme of purification is due to the following: sedimentation of suspended solids - 50-70%; the removal of part of the dissolved organic pollutants (1 5-20%) due to the sorption properties of the removed excess sludge, the flotation process (at a fat concentration of more than 50 mg / dm '); compaction of sludge (up to 7 - 1 5 g / dm ^"5 ) before feeding to the site of mechanical dehydration; partial averaging of organic loads and pH.

Active sludge is supplied from mixing chamber 7 to the bio-coagulator through a pipe 14 to the receiving chamber of the water-jet biocoagulator aerator 25. Aeration columns of 0.3-1.5 m length, tilt angles to the central axis from 0 to 50 ° and tangentially directed are attached to the receiving chamber branch pipes. With the flow of liquid through the aeration columns, air is drawn in q _B "0.8 m '/ m

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) liquids (for one column). In the biocoagulator, with the help of columns with tangentially directed nozzles, the mixture of wastewater and sludge is rotationally rotated and the process is carried out

590 coagulation and flotation contaminants. The duration of contact of sludge with water in the flocculation chamber is 8 to 20 minutes. From the flocculation chamber, the sludge mixture through the expansion cone enters the settling zone, where the sludge mixture is separated. Next, the settled sewage is directed to the mixing chambers of the devices

595 combined biological treatment.

When treating industrial wastewater with an organic pollutant content of BOD from 3,000 to 50,000 mgS / dm ³ , suspended solids up to 1,500 mg / dm ^"1 wastewater after treatment in devices 2, 3 and 25 is routed through the pipeline to the bottom

600 anaerobic bioreactor 26.

Fluid supply pipes are evenly spaced along the perimeter with distances from the conical part of the bottom 100 - 200 mm, which ensures uniform distribution of ascending flows over the volume of bioreactors and erosion of sedimenting anaerobic sludge.

605 The contact of incoming wastewater with a sludge mixture (biomass concentration of 10 g / dm ³ ) occurs in countercurrent mode for 1 to 8 hours. Mixing of wastewater and sludge is carried out using a circulating pump, which collects sludge from the lower part of the anaerobic bioreactor and pumps

610 piping to the top of the reactor. The sludge is introduced and the contents are mixed using a distribution system consisting of several pipes 0.5 - 2.5 m long and angles of inclination to the central axis from 0 to 70 °, equipped with tangential branches, creating a rotational movement of the sludge mixture in the reactor.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Anaerobic sludge is used for sorption and oxidation.

50 - 70% of organic pollutants and 60 - 80% of suspended solids. In this process, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides increases to 100 mg / dm ³ and the pH of the medium decreases to 4 - 5 in the waste fluid discharged for further treatment.

The design of the combined biological treatment device, the use of a two-stage scheme with combined devices connected in series, and the use of hydrogen peroxide ensure the complete removal of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides.

The negative effect of pH on the aerobic cleaning process is successively reduced by diluting the wastewater several times with circulating activated sludge in the chambers of mixing and contacting the sludge mixture with the biofilter biocenosis adapted to lowered pH values.

The precipitated mixture of wastewater and sludge from the conical part of the biocoagulator 25 and the anaerobic bioreactor 26 is sent to the excess sludge treatment device 16.

Depending on the variant of the cleaning technological scheme, the device 16 is connected to the pipes for the removal of excess sludge 1 5 from the combined biological treatment device 8, the anaerobic bioreactor 26, as well as the denitrifier 19 and the filter 22. All pipelines are connected to the thickener 42 of the device 16. the effect of thickening sludge and sludge connected to the supply line of coagulants and / or flocculants 43. The compacted sludge is discharged into a belt filter press 44, where cake is formed with a given humidity of 75 - 85%. The dehydrated cake is fed to a granulator 45, where a feed line is also connected.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) organic and / or mineral additives 46. Sawdust, husk of sunflower seeds and mineral fertilizers can be used as organic and mineral additives. Granules of 45 are fed onto conveyor rollers 47 provided with built-in electric heating elements. The heating elements 48 may also be located under the roller conveyor. With their help, the granules are heated. The rotating rollers are provided with protrusions for moving the granules. Using microwave emitters 49 mounted above the conveyor, additional drying and deworming of the contents of the granules is carried out. Next, the granules are discharged into the storage tank 50.

The air used in the biochemical cleaning process, together with the hydrogen sulfide and gaseous nitrogen emitted, is sent to the device 23 for disinfection and deodorization.

The inventive installation for deep biochemical treatment provides complete removal of the total content of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, reducing the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (from 100

3 3 3

mg / dm to 0.5 mg / dm) and phosphorus (up to 0.2 mg / dm ^' ').

It is advisable to use the installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment in the wastewater treatment of residential buildings, towns, cities with septic tanks and cesspools, livestock farms, etc. with the content of hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, and ammonium nitrogen up to 1 00 mg / dm ^"5 .

The inclusion of bio-coagulators in the technological scheme of a two-stage biological wastewater treatment with combined facilities allows the purification of concentrated wastewater with a BOD of up to 3000 mg / dm ^" " and suspended solids up to 1,500 mg / dm ^" ." When included in the technological scheme

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) anaerobic bioreactors installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment can be used for the treatment of highly concentrated wastewater with BOD up to 50,000 mg / DM ³ .

The proposed installation provides a complete solution

675 achieving a high effect of wastewater treatment and obtaining valuable granular fertilizer.

Moreover, in comparison with traditional aeration structures, the energy costs of the biochemical treatment process are reduced by 3 times; number of staff

680 decreases by 50 - 70%; the area of treatment facilities is reduced by 3 times, and the size of the sanitary protection zone, depending on the capacity of the facilities, can be 50-100 m.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIM.

1. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment with an organic impurity content according to BOD of up to 50,000 mg / dm ³ , hydrogen sulfide and hydrosulfides, ammonium nitrogen up to 100 mg / dm ³ , including for mechanical impurity concentrations up to 3,000 mg / dm ³ mechanical treatment devices and according to BOD, up to 50,000 mg / dm anaerobic bioreactors, wastewater and sludge mixing chambers with circulation pumps and combined biological treatment devices containing biofilters with artificial loading, irrigation systems, prefabricated trays and sewage collectors, which m connected to aeration columns buried in the aeration zones of aeration tanks-settlers, characterized in that the sewage supply pipe is connected to the mixing chambers of the combined biological treatment devices, and the pressure pipe of the circulation pump installed in the mixing chamber of the first combined device is connected to the irrigation system, and also to the mixing chamber of the second combined device and the pressure pipe of the circulation pump installed in the mixing chamber of the second combined The device is connected to an irrigation system, to a mixing chamber of the first combined device and to a device for processing excess sludge.

2. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment with an organic impurity content of up to 3,000 mg / dm in fat and 300 mg / dm in fats, including biocoagulators-flotators, combined biological treatment devices, characterized in that the pressure pipe of the circulation pump installed in the chamber mixing the second combined device at the same time

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) connected to the irrigation system, to the mixing chamber of the first combined device and to the water-jet aerator of the biocoagulator-flotator, as well as the fact that aeration columns of 0.3-1.5 m length, tilt angles from 0 to 50 are attached to the central axis ° and tangentially directed nozzles.

3. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipelines for supplying hydrogen peroxide are connected to the mixing chambers of the first and / or second combined devices.

4. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment, characterized in that it further includes a denitrifier and, on the drainage line of the clarified liquid from the second combined device to the denitrifier, a mixer is installed, to which pressure pipes of the circulation pumps of the first and / or second combined devices are connected, as well as a coagulant solution feed line.

5. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment, characterized in that it additionally includes an aftertreatment bioreactor with artificial loading, which is connected to the liquid discharge pipe from the second combined device and / or denitrifier.

6. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment, characterized in that it further includes a sorption filter with a charge having the property of chemisorption of orthophosphates, which is connected to a combined biological treatment device and / or denitrifier and / or bioreactor.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

7. Installation for deep biochemical wastewater treatment, characterized in that it further includes an excess sludge treatment device, the discharge pipes of which from the combined biological treatment device are connected to a thickener, which, in turn, is connected to a belt filter press, in which the device the drainage of the dehydrated cake is connected to the granulator, which also has a supply line (organic and / or mineral additives); the pellet removal device is connected to a roller conveyor equipped with electric heating elements and / or with microwave emitters arranged in series above the conveyor, connected, in turn, to the storage tank.

8. A combined biological treatment device, characterized in that the biofilter loading elements are made in the form of balls with a diameter of 35-100 mm with 4-10 recesses whose axes converge in the center of the ball; the balls have protrusions on the surface of 0.1-1.5 mm, and metal compounds are included in the composition of the material of the elements.

9. A combined biological treatment device, characterized in that the biofilter is loaded from corrugated ceramic sheets with a width of 0.5-1.5 m, a height of 0.5-3 m, a thickness of 2-4 mm, with protrusions (roughness) on the surface 0.1 - 2 mm, with a frame of parallel and longitudinal wavy strips with a width and thickness of 3 - 10 mm, and some of the longitudinal strips are made in the form of protruding wavy partitions 10 - 35 mm wide, and metal compounds are included in the composition of the sheet material.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

10. A combined biological treatment device, 85 characterized in that the width of the triangular rollers placed on the flat part of the bottom of the aeration zone is 0.5 - 2.0 m and a height of 0.5 - 1.5 m.

1 1. A combined biological treatment device, characterized in that blocks with

90 biological loading, made of plastic plates with 3-30 mm holes and 5-50 mm bristles or ceramic plates, including metal compounds, with attached rods or plates of different lengths of 5-40 mm and a roughness on them in the form of protrusions (0, 1 - 1, 5 mm).

95 12. Combined biological treatment device, characterized in that the sludge discharge pipe is installed on the outer perimeter of the conical part of the bottom of the aeration tank-settler and has holes or nozzles located at an angle of 0 - 90 ° to the horizontal axis of the pipeline and at a distance of 0.2 - 1 , 0 m from each other.

13. A combined biological treatment device, characterized in that in the biofilter irrigation system, the distances from the upper ends of the drain nozzles of the trays to the disk reflectors are 0.8 - 2 m, and the distances between the center and the trays and the distance 105 between the axes of the nozzles in the trays are 0, 6 - 1, 8 m, as well as in the water-jet aeration system, the distances between the edges of the aeration columns of the upper part are 50 - 500 mm and the distances between the lower edges of the aeration columns are 0.5 - 3 m.

14. A bioreactor device characterized in that rods are attached to the plastic or ceramic sheets or

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) plates with a length of 10-100 mm with holes of 3-30 mm, and the distances between the rods or plates and the diameters of the holes are reduced from the bottom to the top of the load, there are protrusions on the sheets, rods or plates (0.1-1.5 mm), and The structure of the loading material included metal compounds.

15. An anaerobic bioreactor device, characterized in that the circulating fluid supply pipes are deepened by 0.3 - 2.5 m, installed at angles of inclination from 0 to 70 ° to the central axis, and are provided with tangentially directed nozzles.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)