WO2012031547A1 - 机械式转速控制装置和风力发电设备 - Google Patents

机械式转速控制装置和风力发电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012031547A1
WO2012031547A1 PCT/CN2011/079369 CN2011079369W WO2012031547A1 WO 2012031547 A1 WO2012031547 A1 WO 2012031547A1 CN 2011079369 W CN2011079369 W CN 2011079369W WO 2012031547 A1 WO2012031547 A1 WO 2012031547A1
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Prior art keywords
control device
generator
speed control
rotating member
wind
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PCT/CN2011/079369
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高则行
Original Assignee
Gao Zehang
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Publication of WO2012031547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012031547A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/10Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05B2270/1014Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to keep rotational speed constant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/50Control logic embodiment by
    • F05B2270/508Control logic embodiment by mechanical means, e.g. levers, gears or cams
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanical speed control device and a wind power plant having such a mechanical speed control device. Background technique
  • wind energy is mainly based on the use of wind power equipment to convert wind energy into electricity.
  • wind power equipment to convert wind energy into electricity.
  • a basic way to commercialize wind energy is to integrate wind power into the municipal grid. Since the wind in the wind field is unstable, sometimes it is not, and it is too small and small, so that the generated electric energy cannot be connected to the net. Therefore, the existing wind power generation equipment is equipped with an energy storage device or the like to obtain stable rotation. Output.
  • a constant-speed constant-frequency grid-connected operation mode is generally adopted, that is, the speed of the wind turbine does not change with the fluctuation of the wind speed, and the constant-speed operation is always maintained, thereby outputting the alternating current of a constant rated frequency.
  • the quality of the power obtained is still unsatisfactory.
  • the municipal grid requires that the frequency of incoming AC power be 49.8 ⁇ 50Hz, while the current frequency of wind power output equipment is 48 ⁇ 52Hz, which is not well matched with the grid.
  • existing wind power equipment is structurally loaded and expensive for power electronic equipment that achieves constant speed and constant frequency, which increases the cost of wind turbines and the cost of wind farm operations. Summary of the invention
  • the invention provides a speed control device, package
  • the first rotating member is connectable to the motor to be rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the motor; the second rotating member is engaged with the first rotating member and can be fixed to the rotating shaft to be controlled by the rotational speed.
  • the first rotating member may be a worm
  • the second rotating member may be a worm gear
  • the first rotating member and the second device are gears that mesh with each other.
  • a wind power generation apparatus includes: a wind wheel that is capable of receiving wind energy to rotate; a generator having an input shaft that is rotatable under kinetic energy from the wind wheel; an energy storage device, Between the wind wheel and the generator, the generator input shaft obtains a stable rotational speed input, wherein a rotational speed control device is provided between the generator and the energy storage device,
  • the rotation speed control device includes: a first rotating member connectable to the motor to be rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the motor; and a second rotating member engaged with the first rotating member and coupled to the generator input shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a wind power plant in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an energy storage device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotational speed control device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the wind power generation apparatus includes a wind wheel 1, and the wind wheel 1 rotates under the action of the wind, and converts the wind power into the rotation of the wind wheel shaft 11.
  • the rotation of the rotor shaft 11 is transmitted via a transmission system, such as a reduction gear 2, via an output 12 to a generator 5, which converts wind energy into electrical energy. Since the wind is unstable, an energy storage device 3 is required between the wind wheel 1 and the generator 5, and the output shaft 13 of the energy storage device 3 is connected to the input shaft 14 of the generator 5 to provide the generator 5 Stable speed input.
  • Wind wheels, reduction gears, energy storage devices and generators are well known in the art, and those skilled in the art can employ suitable known techniques in accordance with specific design requirements.
  • Fig. 2 shows an energy storage device incorporating a differential transmission function, including a first half shaft 31, a second half shaft 33 and a housing 37.
  • the first half shaft 31 is connected to the output end 12 of the reduction gear 2 for receiving power from the wind gear 1 from the reduction gear 2.
  • the second half shaft 33 is part of the output shaft 13 or the output shaft 13.
  • the output shaft 13 is connected to the input shaft 14 of the generator 5 for transmitting power to the generator 5.
  • the energy storage device 3 further includes a first bevel gear 32 formed integrally with the first half shaft 31, a second bevel gear 34 formed integrally with the second half shaft 33, and the first and second bevel gears 32.
  • the housing 37 surrounds the above member and is formed integrally with the planetary carrier 36.
  • the housing 37 constitutes a reel, a long cable 62 which may be formed, for example, by a wire rope or any other suitable material, one end of which is fixed to the housing 37 and the other end of which is fixed to the weight 61.
  • the long cable 62 is wound around the outer surface of the casing 37 as the casing 37 rotates, the weight 61 is raised, thereby converting the kinetic energy of the casing 37 into the potential energy of the weight 61.
  • the weight 61 can also be suspended from the housing by various types of pulley blocks.
  • the pulley block can be attached to the tower of the wind power generating device or, for example, to a separately mounted gantry.
  • the weight of the weight and the length of the long cable can be specifically designed according to the specific design requirements and the situation of the local wind farm.
  • the housing 37 can drive various forms of energy storage members such as flywheels, torsion springs or air compressors, and it is also conceivable to drive the water pump for water storage. This structure of energy storage and differential transmission is described in detail in the Chinese Utility Model Patent No. 200920179109.0 awarded to Gao Zexing on August 4, 2010. This section of related content in this document is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the above-described structure related to differential transmission can also be omitted, and a conventional energy storage functional structure such as a weight, a flywheel, a torsion spring, an air compressor, and a water pump is combined with the output end 12 of the reduction gear 2, Thereby a stable rotational speed output is provided at the output 12.
  • a mechanical speed control device 4 between the generator 5 and the energy storage device 3.
  • FIG 3 shows a mechanical speed control device 4 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mechanical speed control device 4 includes a worm gear 42 and a worm 41.
  • the worm 41 is connectable to a motor (not shown) which is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the motor and is the first rotating member of the present invention.
  • the worm wheel 42 meshes with the worm 41 and is fixed to the input shaft 14 of the generator.
  • the input shaft 14 is coupled to the output shaft 13 of the energy storage device 3 to receive the stabilized rotational speed, which is the second rotating member of the present invention.
  • the worm 41 can be driven at a different predetermined speed.
  • the worm gear 42 is coupled to the generator input shaft 14 via a key 43.
  • the worm gear 42 can be integral with the generator input shaft 14.
  • the worm gear can be replaced with a pair of meshing gears.
  • the second rotating member (worm gear or gear) may be fixed to the output shaft 13 of the energy storage device 3. Accordingly, in the present invention, the second rotating member is coupled to the input shaft of the generator, including directly or indirectly to the input shaft of the generator.
  • the wind wheel 1 starts to rotate, and the rotation of the rotor shaft 1 1 is transmitted to the first of the energy storage device 3 through the output end 12 of the reduction gear 2
  • the half shaft 31 drives the first bevel gear 32 formed by one of the bodies to rotate, and then transmits the stabilized rotation speed to the input shaft 14 of the generator 5 via the second half shaft 33.
  • the worm 41 is almost idling.
  • the mechanical speed control device according to the present invention is constituted by a rotating member such as a worm gear or a gear, and is much less expensive than a power electronic device currently used for realizing a constant speed constant frequency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

机械式转速控制装置和风力发电设备 技术领域
本发明涉及机械式转速控制装置和具有这种机械式转速控制装 置的风力发电设备。 背景技术
由于化石能源日趋匮乏以及对环境产生的影响日益显著, 世界 各国都在积极开发各种清洁能源。 风能作为最重要的清洁能源之一, 受到了人们越来越强烈的关注, 在人类能源利用领域中所占的份额 越来越大。
对风能的利用方式主要是利用风力发电设备将风能转换为电 能。 随着大功率风力发电机的出现以及大规模风力发电场的建设, 风能的利用正逐步商业化。 风能商业化的一种基本途径是将风电并 入市政电网中。 由于风场的风是不稳定的, 时有时无, 忽大忽小, 这样所产生的电能是无法进网的, 因此, 现有的风力发电设备安装 有储能装置等, 以得到稳定的转动输出。 目前, 普遍采用的一种恒 速恒频并网运行方式, 即风力发电机的转速不随风速的波动而变化, 始终维持恒转速运转, 从而输出恒定额定频率的交流电。
然而在实践中, 所获得的电能质量仍然不能令人满意。 例如, 市政电网要求入网交流电的频率在 49.8~50Hz,而目前风力发电设备 输出的电力频率是 48〜52Hz, 并不能很好地与电网匹配。 而且, 现 有风力发电设备为实现恒速恒频而配备的电力电子设备结构负载、 价格 贵, 增加了风力发电机的成本以及风场运营的成本。 发明内容
相应地, 本发明的目的是提供一种转速控制装置, 其能够以简 单的结构获得恒定的转速输出, 无需复杂、 昂贵的电力电子设备。
根据本发明的一个方面, 本发明提供了一种转速控制装置, 包 括: 第一转动构件, 能够与电动机相连以在电动机驱动下按预定转 速转动; 第二转动构件, 与所述第一转动构件啮合并能够固定在拟 进行转速控制的转轴上。
所述第一转动构件可以是蜗杆, 所述第二转动构件可以是蜗轮。 所述第一转动构件和所述第二装置是相互啮合的齿轮。
根据本发明的另一个方面, 本发明提供了一种风力发电设备, 包括: 风轮, 能够接收风能而转动; 发电机, 具有能够在来自风轮 的动能下转动的输入转轴; 储能装置, 位于所述风轮和所述发电机 之间使得所述发电机输入转轴获得稳定的转速输入, 其特征在于, 在所述发电机和所述储能装置之间设有转速控制装置, 所述转速控 制装置包括: 第一转动构件, 能够与电动机相连以在电动机驱动下 按预定转速转动; 第二转动构件, 与所述第一转动构件啮合并与所 述发电机输入转轴相连。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明一种实施方式的风力发电设备的示意性框图。 图 2是根据本发明一种实施方式的储能装置的示意性剖视图。 图 3 是根据本发明一种实施方式的转速控制装置的示意性剖视 图。 具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本发明的具体实施方式。
图 1 是根据本发明一个优选实施方式的发电设备的框图。 风力 发电设备包括风轮 1, 风轮 1在风力的作用下转动, 而将风力转换为 风轮转轴 1 1的转动。风轮转轴 1 1的转动经传动系统例如减速装置 2 经输出端 12传给发电机 5 , 发电机 5将风能转换为电能。 因为风力 是不稳定的, 所以, 在风轮 1和发电机 5之间需要设置储能装置 3 , 储能装置 3的输出转轴 13与发电机 5的输入转轴 14相联, 为发电 机 5提供稳定后的转速输入。 风轮、 减速装置、 储能装置和发电机都是本领域已经公知的, 本领域技术人员可以根据具体设计要求釆用合适的公知技术。
图 2 示出了一种结合了差速传动功能的储能装置, 包括第一半 轴 31、 第二半轴 33和壳体 37。 第一半轴 31与减速装置 2的输出端 12相连, 用于从减速装置 2接收来自风轮 1 的动力。 第二半轴 33 作为输出转轴 13或者输出转轴 13的一部分。 输出转轴 13与发电机 5的输入轴 14相连, 用于向发电机 5传送动力。 储能装置 3还包括 与第一半轴 31—体形成的第一锥形齿轮 32、 与第二半轴 33—体形 成的第二锥形齿轮 34、 位于第一、 第二锥形齿轮 32、 34之间并同时 与这两个锥形齿轮啮合的多个行星齿轮 35 以及支撑这些行星齿轮 35的行星齿轮架 36。 其中, 壳体 37 包围着上述构件并与行星齿轮 架 36—体形成。 其中, 壳体 37构成了一个卷筒, 一根可以例如用 钢丝绳或者任何其他合适材料形成的长索 62 , 其一端固定在壳体 37 上, 另一端固定在重物 61上。 当长索 62随着壳体 37的转动而缠绕 在壳体 37外表面上时, 重物 61被升高, 从而将壳体 37的动能转化 为重物 61 的势能。 当然, 本领域技术人员可以理解, 重物 61还可 以通过各种形式的滑轮组悬 在壳体上。 滑轮组可以固定在风力发 电设备的塔架上, 或者, 固定在另外装设的例如龙门架上。 重物的 质量和长索的长度, 可以根据具体的设计要求以及当地风场的情况, 进行具体的设计。 作为替换方式, 壳体 37可以驱动飞轮、 扭力弹簧 或者空气压缩机等各种形式的储能构件, 还可以想到用来驱动抽水 机进行蓄水。 这种储能和差速传动结合为一体的结构, 在 2010年 8 月 4 日授予高则行的中国实用新型专利第 200920179109.0号中, 进 行了详细描述。 该文献中的这部分相关内容以引用的方式包括在本 申请中。
本领域技术可以理解, 也可以省略上述与差速传动有关的结构, 而使重物、 飞轮、 扭簧、 空气压缩机以及水泵等传统储能功能结构 与减速装置 2的输出端 12相结合, 从而在输出端 12处提供稳定的 转速输出。 为了在发电机 5的输入转轴 14处获得能够准确地匹配市政电网 入网要求所需要的恒定转速, 本发明在发电机 5和储能装置 3之间 设置了一种机械式转速控制装置 4。
图 3示出了根据本发明一个实施方式的机械式转速控制装置 4。 机械式转速控制装置 4包括蜗轮 42和蜗杆 41。 蜗杆 41能够与一个 电动机 (未示出) 相连, 在电动机的驱动下, 以预定的转速转动, 是本发明的第一转动构件。 蜗轮 42与蜗杆 41 啮合, 并能够固定到 发电机的输入转轴 14上, 输入转轴 14与储能装置 3的输出转轴 13 相连, 接收稳定后的转速, 是本发明的第二转动构件。
根据拟并入电网的具体要求和两个转动构件之间的传动比, 蜗 杆 41可以在电动机的驱动下有不同的预定转速。
在图 3所示的实施方式中, 蝸轮 42是通过键 43与发电机输入 轴 14结合在一起的。 按照另一种实施方式, 蝸轮 42可以和发电机 输入轴 14是一体的。
根据本发明的另一实施方式, 蜗轮蜗杆可以用一对啮合的齿轮 来替代。 根据本发明的又一种实施方式, 第二转动构件 (蝸轮或者 齿轮)可以固定到储能装置 3的输出转轴 13上。 因此, 在本发明中, 第二转动构件与发电机的输入转轴相连, 包括直接或者间接地固定 到发电机的输入转轴上。
下面, 结合附图 1 -3描述本发明的工作过程。 在风场中, 当风力 达到预定级别时, 例如每秒 3米的微风, 风轮 1 开始转动, 风轮转 轴 1 1 的转动通过减速装置 2的输出端 12传递给储能装置 3的第一 半轴 31 , 第一半轴 31带动与之一体形成的第一锥形齿轮 32转动, 然后经第二半轴 33将稳定后的转速传给发电机 5的输入转轴 14。
当蝸杵 41 的预定转速与储能装置 3 输入的稳定后的转速匹配
(即符合蜗轮蜗杆传动比) 时, 蜗杆 41近乎空转。
当蜗杆 41 的预定转速所对应的蜗轮 42的转速比储能装置 3输 入的稳定后的转速大时, 储能装置 3的输出转轴 13所得到的多余动 能传递给储能装置 3 , 由其中的储能构件吸收。 当蝸杆 41 的预定转速所对应的蜗轮 42的转速比储能装置 3输 入的稳定后的转速小时, 蜗轮蜗杆对储能装置 3的输出转轴 13产生 制动力, 这种制动力造成储能装置 3在输入端 (或者减速装置 2的 输出端)处所得到的多余动能传递给储能装置 3 , 由其中的储能构件 吸收。
以图 2所示的具有差速功能的储能装置 3 为例。 无论是第一半 轴 31 (输入端)还是第二半轴 33 (输出端) 上的转矩增加, 都会使 行星齿轮 35发生公转, 重物 61被提升, 而实现储能。 作用在减速 装置 2的输出端 12上的储能构件直接吸收来自转速控制装置 14和 减速装置 2的多余能量。
如上所述, 通过在储能装置和发电机之间设置根据本发明的机 械式转速控制装置, 发电机的输入转轴能够获得并入所需的精确的 转速。 且, 根据本发明的机械式转速控制装置是由蜗轮蜗杆或者 齿轮等转动构件构成的, 与目前使用的用来实现恒速恒频的电力电 子设备相比, 其成本小得多。
上面参照附图对本发明进行了具体的描述。 但是, 本领域技术 人员应该理解, 上面的具体描述仅仅是举例性质的, 用于说明性的 目的, 并非是用来限制本发明的保护范围。 得益于本发明的教导, 本领域技术人员在不超出本发明保护范围的情况下可以根据具体情 况对上述具体描述的实施方式做出各种变型、 修改或者替换, 这些 变型、 修改或者替换落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种机械式转速控制装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
第一转动构件, 所述第一转动构件能够与电动机相连以在电动 机驱动下按预定转速转动; 和
第二转动构件, 所述第二转动构件与所述第一转动构件啮合并 能够固定在拟进行转速控制的转轴上。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的转速控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一 转动构件是蜗杆, 所述第二转动构件是蜗轮。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的转速控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一 转动构件和所述第二转动构件是相互啮合的齿轮。
4. 一种风力发电设备, 包括:
风轮, 能够接收风能而转动;
发电机, 具有能够在来自风轮的动能下转动的输入转轴; 储能装置, 位于所述风轮和所述发电机之间使得所述发电机输 入转轴获得稳定的转速输入,
其特征在于, 在所述发电机和所述储能装置之间设有转速控制 装置, 所述转速控制装置包括:
第一转动构件, 所述第一转动构件能够与电动机相连以在电动 机驱动下按预定转速转动,
第二转动构件, 所述第二转动构件与所述第一转动构件啮合并 与所述发电机输入转轴相连。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的转速控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一 转动构件是蜗杆, 所述第二转动构件是蝸轮。
6. 如权利要求 4所述的转速控制装置, 其特征在于, 所述第一 转动构件和所述第二转动构件是相互啮合的齿轮。
PCT/CN2011/079369 2010-09-06 2011-09-06 机械式转速控制装置和风力发电设备 WO2012031547A1 (zh)

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