WO2012028832A1 - Dispositif mecanique a bras de levier de longueur variable - Google Patents
Dispositif mecanique a bras de levier de longueur variable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012028832A1 WO2012028832A1 PCT/FR2011/052020 FR2011052020W WO2012028832A1 WO 2012028832 A1 WO2012028832 A1 WO 2012028832A1 FR 2011052020 W FR2011052020 W FR 2011052020W WO 2012028832 A1 WO2012028832 A1 WO 2012028832A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- force transmission
- cycle
- axis
- transmission axis
- lever arm
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
- F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
- F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
- F16H21/22—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings with one connecting-rod and one guided slide to each crank or eccentric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M3/00—Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot
- B62M3/02—Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot of adjustable length
- B62M3/04—Construction of cranks operated by hand or foot of adjustable length automatically adjusting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
- F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/32—Engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding main groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H21/00—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides
- F16H21/10—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane
- F16H21/16—Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
- F16H21/18—Crank gearings; Eccentric gearings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
- Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
- Y10T74/18216—Crank, lever, and slide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for increasing the power and efficiency of vehicles, especially vehicles that use as a power source an alternating rectilinear force. This is particularly the case of vehicles using piston engines and cycles using a crank pedal device.
- crank arm For example, for cycles, the length of the crank arm (or crank) is limited by the size of the rider's legs, and for piston-type heat engines, the distance between the crank shaft and the crank arm (support connecting rod on the crankshaft) is limited by the piston stroke.
- the present invention proposes a mechanism which comprises at least one support element connected to at least one force transmission axis by a connecting member, the mechanism transforming a reciprocating rectilinear motion into a rotational movement of said least one support member, the rotation of said at least one support member rotating EU2011 / 052,020
- the connecting member comprises a portion, called lever arm, located in particular between said at least one support member and said at least one transmission axis of stress and which has a varying length during relative movement of said at least one support member relative to said at least one transmission axis.
- the invention makes it possible in particular to increase the length of the lever arm during the part of the cycle in which the force exerted is positive, while maintaining a stroke of the rectilinear reciprocating movement identical to that of a conventional mechanism.
- the force exerted during the negative part of the reciprocating cycle is zero or even counter-drive (resistance force) on thermal engines with reciprocating rectilinear motion.
- the device according to the invention also makes it possible to increase the angle of exercise of the force relative to the axis of the lever arm, during the first half of positive exercise of the force, compared to a traditional mechanism.
- the device also makes it possible to reduce this force less during the second 2020
- the length of the lever arm with respect to said at least one transmission axis is reduced accordingly to the part of the cycle where the force exerted is negative or zero.
- said at least one support element cooperates with a circular or ovoid shaped guide during its rotational movement.
- Said at least one support element has means and / or a shape enabling it to cooperate mechanically with the guide during the rotation.
- the guide also includes means and / or a complementary form for the purposes of cooperation.
- said at least one force transmission axis is eccentric with respect to the geometric center of the guide.
- the force transmission axis on which is fixed one end of the lever arm (the other end being fixed to the support element or to the support elements) is subjected to the force exerted by the lever arm .
- This force transmission axis is located on a straight line perpendicular to the direction along which the reciprocating rectilinear movement is effected under the action of the force or the initial force transmitted to the mechanism.
- the force transmission axis is situated on a line that is perpendicular, on the one hand, to the direction of the reciprocating rectilinear motion and, secondly, to the plane in which the at least one support member moves, the force transmission axis being eccentric from the geometric center of the guide a distance from 0.1% to 99.9% of the mean radius of the guide.
- the force transmission axis is preferably positioned in the inner zone of the guide where the alternative rectilinear force is exerted in a negative or zero manner.
- the mechanism may comprise two support elements each connected, by a lever arm, to a force transmission axis.
- each lever arm can be connected itself to a single axis of force transmission or to several.
- the mechanism comprises two axes of force transmission, each lever arm thus being connected to a different transmission axis of effort.
- the lever arm is integral with said at least one support member and said at least one force transmission axis is slidably mounted relative to the lever arm.
- the lever arm is integral with said at least one force transmission axis and said at least one support element is slidably mounted relative to the lever arm.
- the lever arm is integral with said at least one support member and said at least one force transmission axis and is telescopic so as to expand and retract during the rotational movement.
- lever arm is attached to both the support element on which the alternative rectilinear force exerts the point of attachment on the axis of force transmission.
- said at least one support element and said at least one force transmission axis are slidably mounted relative to the lever arm.
- the four preceding alternative features illustrate different embodiments of a variable length lever arm connected, on the one hand, to at least one support element and, on the other hand, to at least one transmission axis of effort.
- the device briefly described above can be advantageously applied to a cycle using a crank pedal mechanism in which each pedal constitutes a support element which is connected to a force transmission axis by an arm of crank.
- the invention thus applied to a cycle makes it possible to increase the power and the efficiency of the cycle, as well as the comfort of pedaling.
- each axis of force transmission is connected to a complementary mechanism for restoring the symmetrical position of the two pedals with respect to each other with respect to the geometric center of the guide with which cooperates with each pedal.
- each complementary mechanism comprises a pair of ovoid (for example elliptical) gear plates cooperating mechanically with each other, one of the plates, called the first plate, being connected to the transmission axis of corresponding effort.
- ovoid for example elliptical
- the second plates of the two pairs are connected to each other by a transmission axis, a set of gears connecting said transmission axis to a chainring of the cycle or said transmission axis being connected directly to a chainring of the cycle and a set of gears being disposed between the chain and a rear gear.
- the transmission axis is directly connected to a chainring of the cycle and where a set of gears is arranged between the chain and a rear pinion provides more flexibility to the possible arrangement of the various elements. compared to others.
- the chain may be in two parts, a first portion connecting the chainring of the cycle to a portion of the gear set and a second chain portion connecting another portion of the gear set to the rear gear.
- the gear set is not necessarily arranged in alignment with the chain plate and the rear gear but may be offset relative to the longitudinal axis connecting them.
- the cycle comprises at least one element for maintaining a lateral spacing between the two longitudinal portions or intersecting chain strands.
- Said at least one spacer holding element is substantially disposed in the area where the two longitudinal portions or chain strands intersect.
- Said at least one lateral spacing holding member thus allows the chain portions to cross without creating between them friction that would be detrimental to the operation of the cycle.
- said at least one lateral spacing holding element comprises for each longitudinal portion or chain strand two longitudinal guiding elements of said portion or said strand which hold said portion or said strand away from the other portion. or the other strand.
- Each element may for example take the form of a guide wheel cooperating with a longitudinal portion or a chain strand.
- said at least one lateral spacing holding element is disposed between the two longitudinal portions in line with their crossing zone.
- the set of gears connecting the transmission axis to a chainring of the cycle can be eliminated and the chainring of the cycle and / or the rear gear of the cycle is inclined with respect to a plane vertical.
- the chainring can be inclined relative to a vertical plane while the rear pinion remains vertically disposed in its plane.
- the chainring of the cycle is inclined, as the rear pinion, for example at the same inclination.
- the rear gear can be inclined relative to a vertical plane while the chainring remains vertically arranged.
- guides attached to the frame of the cycle are provided on either side of the chainring to maintain it in an inclined position during the rotational movement.
- the chainring when the chainring is inclined with respect to a vertical plane, the chainring is mounted on a hub comprising complementary interlocking elements of those provided on the chainring in order to allow the interlocking mounting of the chainring. plate on the hub and their rotation.
- Interlocking elements arranged on the chain plate and on the hub in correspondence with each other allows these two parts to mesh with each other.
- the hub has a generally ellipsoid shape which is elongated along an axis perpendicular to the vertical plane.
- the chainring is thus inclined on the ellipsoid, being both inclined with respect to a vertical plane and with respect to the longitudinal axis of the ellipsoid.
- the second plates are connected to each other by a transmission shaft on which is mounted the hub.
- the axis of transmission corresponds to the axis along which the general shape of ellipsoid is elongated.
- the two gear trays of each pair are connected together by means of a chain and are therefore no longer in direct contact with each other.
- the second plates of the two pairs are connected to each other by a transmission axis which is directly connected to the chain plate.
- the device according to the invention also finds application to a piston engine (s) in which the crank arm comprises two opposite ends constituting two bearing elements and two crank arms constituting the lever arms which respectively connect the two opposite ends of the crank arm with two crankshaft tails constituting two axes of force transmission.
- the device according to the invention can be applied to other types of gear in which an alternating rectilinear force is imparted to a mechanism transforming the reciprocating rectilinear motion into a rotational movement (circular or semicircular).
- FIGS. 1a to 1d illustrate a first embodiment of a mechanism according to the invention
- FIG. 1e illustrates an enlarged partial perspective view of the mechanism of FIGS. 1a to 1d;
- FIGS. 1 f to 1 j illustrate different embodiments of the cooperation between a support element and a guide
- FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrate a second embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention
- FIGS. 3a to 3d illustrate a third embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention
- FIGS. 4a to 4d illustrate a fourth embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention
- FIGS. 5a and 5b are comparative schematic views respectively of a mechanism according to the invention and of a conventional mechanism
- FIG. 6a is a general schematic view of the application of a mechanism according to the invention to a cycle
- FIG. 6b is a more detailed schematic top view of the mechanism of FIG. 6a;
- FIG. 6c is a partial schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the mechanism of FIG. 6b;
- FIG. 6d is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 6c in the crossing zone of the longitudinal chain portions
- Figure 6e is a schematic top view of Figure 6d
- FIG. 6f is a partial schematic view of an alternative embodiment of the mechanism of FIG. 6b;
- FIG. 6g is an enlarged partial schematic view of the mechanism of FIG. 6f;
- FIG. 9 is a general schematic view of an application of a mechanism according to the invention to a piston engine.
- the present invention relates to a mechanical device whose structure is illustrated in Figures 1 to 4d for four embodiments.
- the device 10 As represented in FIG. 1a, the device 10 according to the invention comprises a support element 12 connected to a force transmission axis 14 perpendicular to the plane of the figure, by a connecting member 1 5. Part 16 this connecting member located between the support element and the force transmission axis acts as a lever arm. T FR2011 / 052020
- the device comprises a mechanism transforming a reciprocating rectilinear movement applied to the support element 12 (force F) in a rotational movement of this support element, rotation which also drives the axis of transmission of effort 14 in rotation .
- one of the characteristics of the device lies in the fact that the length of the lever arm 16 connecting the support element 12 to the axis 14 varies during the rotation of the support element and axis.
- the distance between the support element 12 and the axis 14 varies during the relative displacement of the support element relative to the axis.
- the distance between the two aforementioned elements is greater than in FIG. 1a and is, moreover, maximal.
- the distance between the two aforementioned elements corresponds to the distance illustrated in FIG. 1a since the position of the two elements of the lever arm is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal axis.
- lever arm 16 is integral with the support element 12, while the transmission axis 14 is slidably mounted relative to the lever arm.
- the support member 12 cooperates, during its rotational movement, with a guide 18 whose shape is here circular.
- the support element 12 is for example movable relative to the fixed guide 18 and rotates inside a groove or chute under the application of an alternating rectilinear force, thus occupying the different positions illustrated in FIGS. a to 1 d.
- the support element 12 is integral with an end 15a of the lever 15 (connecting member). whose central part 15b (in the mode described here) is recessed so as to allow one of the ends of the force transmission axis 14 to slide in the recess of the lever 15.
- the end of the shaft 14 is provided with a head 22 whose dimensions are adapted to allow sliding.
- the recessed central portion 15b of the lever 15 constitutes a guiding groove for the force transmission axis 14.
- the head 22 may for example be replaced by a clip-shaped member enclosing the outer edges of the lever to slide on them.
- the bearing element 12 comprises an axis, for example parallel to the force transmission axis 14, which passes through the lever 15 perpendicular to the length of the latter and is provided at its open end 12a with a mounted brush. sliding with respect to the circular guide 18.
- the open end of the support element may alternatively be provided with a roller.
- a ring and ball bearings not shown can be provided to allow the assembly and the rotational operation of the support element with respect to the guide and the lever 15.
- the support element 12 is extended by a guide member installed in the groove or chute (guide path) of the circular or ovoid guide.
- This guide member has a shape substantially corresponding to the shape of the internal space of the groove (for example, the guide member is in the form of a hoop or wheel, rigid or flexible, of circular, semicircular shape, ovoid, semi-ovoid ).
- rolling means are provided between the guide member and the groove to allow movement of the member within the groove.
- the circular or ovoid guide has a convex portion for hooking the concave bearing member sliding on the convex portion.
- the guide comprises a circular or ovoid shaped rail and the support member comprises at its end a slide adapted to be hooked on the rail and slide on the latter.
- Figures 1 f to 1 h illustrate different examples of possible embodiments in section of a cooperative structure between a support member A (connected to a lever arm B) having a concave attachment portion and a guide C circular or ovoid having a convex complementary attachment portion.
- the guide C is for example a guide rail comprising a raised central portion C1 which extends from a base C2.
- the concave attachment portion A1 of the support member has a generally open profile shape which has a recessed C-shaped cross section.
- D rolling members are provided to allow the sliding of the base C2 of the rail inside the profile.
- the coated C-shaped engaging portion is disposed in alignment with the support member at the end thereof, while that in Figure 1 g this portion extends laterally relative to the general elongated shape of the support member at the end of said support member.
- Figure 1h illustrates another form in which the guide C (guide rail) comprises an elevated portion C3 extending from a base or base C4.
- the guide is aligned with the support element A, oriented vis-à-vis said support element, and not eccentric as in Figure 1g.
- the concave attachment portion A2 of the support member has a generally open profile shape that has a C-shaped cross section.
- the two curved ends facing the C cooperate with a constriction or throat practiced in the junction between the elevated portion C3 and its base C4.
- FIGS. 1i and 1j (sectional views) illustrate a structure of cooperation between a support element A (connected to a lever arm B) having a convex hooking portion and a circular or ovoid guide C "having a portion additional concave fastening.
- the guide C " is in the extension of the support element A and has a general shape of open profile C-shaped inverted.
- the end of the support element A comprises the convex attachment portion A3, A4 which extends perpendicularly to the axis of extension of the support element, in the manner of a recumbent ".
- a "T” has a horizontal bar, here called head and a vertical bar, called here body.
- the attachment portion forms the head of the T which cooperates with the internal cavity of shape and dimensions substantially complementary to those of the guide C ". EU2011 / 052,020
- Bearing means eg ball bearings not shown are arranged between the two parts.
- the mechanical device 30 of FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrates a second embodiment in which a support element 32 is connected to a force transmission axis 34 by a lever arm 36.
- the support element 32 is mounted movably relative to the lever arm while the latter is secured to the force transmission axis.
- a guide 38 also of circular shape cooperates with the support element 32 during the rotational movement of the latter to guide it in rotation.
- the lever arm 36 is part of a lever 40.
- the central part of the lever is hollowed out to allow the relative movement of the element 32 against the axis of force transmission 34 during the rotational movement.
- the bearing element 32 is also in the form of an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of FIGS. 2a to 2d (like the axis 34) and is also provided with means of cooperation between the support element and the guide 38.
- the successive positions of the support element 32, the axis 34 and the lever 40 show an increase in the length of the lever arm between FIGS. 2a and 2b to reach a maximum distance in Figure 2b, and a decrease of the lever arm between Figures 2b and 2c to achieve a minimum distance in Figure 2d.
- FIGS. 1a to 1e also apply to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2a to 2d.
- the fixed element relative to the lever is disposed at one of the two ends of the latter.
- the support element and the force transmission axis are slidably mounted relative to the lever arm.
- the guide shown in both embodiments is circular but can take other forms such as for example an ovoid shape.
- the force transmission axis 34 is also offset from the geometric center G of the guide.
- the guide of Figures 2a to 2d as that of Figures 3a to 4d is for example constituted by a gutter or circular groove, as described in relation to Figures 1a to 1e.
- ball bearings can be used, as described in connection with the Figures 1a to 1e.
- Figures 3a to 3d illustrate four successive positions of a mechanism according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- the positions illustrated correspond to the positions already described in relation to FIGS. 1a to d and 2a to 2d for different mechanisms.
- the mechanism 25 of FIGS. 3a to 3d differs from that of the preceding figures in that the two distinct elements that are the support element 27 and the force transmission axis 29 are slidably mounted relative to the lever 31. .
- these two elements are slidably mounted relative to the lever arm 33.
- the lever moves in translation relative to the two elements 27 and 29, as illustrated in the figures.
- the mechanism 35 of FIGS. 4a to 4d differs from that of the preceding figures in that the lever arm 37 connecting the support element 39 to the force transmission axis 41 is telescopic.
- the lever arm or more generally the lever, comprises a succession of cylindrical portions 37a-e or cylinders which are each open at one end and nested within each other.
- the cylindrical portions are all nested or stacked into each other in the manner of "Russian dolls".
- Each cylinder portion 37a-d has at its open end one or more stops (eg flange) cooperating with the closed end of the cylinder portion that it accommodates in order to retain the latter in particular in the maximum deployed position (FIG 4b ).
- the end portion 37e may, like the other portions, slide inside the cylindrical portion that receives it (eg 37d).
- end portion 37e is connected to the support element, for example, according to one of the techniques already described in connection with the preceding figures.
- the opposite end cylindrical portion, or base 37a is, in turn, connected to the force transmission axis 41 in a known manner.
- the mechanism 35 is more compact than the other mechanisms since, during the rotational movement, no part protrudes beyond the guide 43. The overall size of the system is reduced.
- Figures 5a and 5b are comparative views respectively showing the differences between a mechanism 45 according to the invention ( Figure 5a) and a conventional mechanism ( Figure 5b).
- the force transmission axis 46 is eccentric with respect to the center of the circular guide 47 and the length of the lever arm 48 located between the axis 46 and the support element 49 varies between the positions ( a) and (b) of the support element 49.
- the energy E1 is produced by the mechanism 45 during the movement between the two positions (a) and (b) of the lever arm.
- the conventional mechanism 45 ' in which the force transmission axis 46' coincides with the center of the circular guide 47 'and in which the length of the lever arm 48' between the axis 46 'and the element d' support 49 'is constant, produces an energy E2 less than E1, a ratio E1 / E2 for example equal to 1, 26.
- This calculation is based on a force of 1 Newton applied vertically to the support element 49, 49 ', and the fact that in the configuration of FIG. 5a, the axis 46 has been shifted from the geometric center of a distance such that the angle ⁇ between the two positions 48 (a) and 48 (b) is for example 56 °. In FIG. 5b, the angle ⁇ 2 is 90 °.
- Figure 6a schematically illustrates a portion of the crank pedal mechanism of a cycle and Figure 6b shows a more detailed top view of the mechanism.
- the mechanism 50 of FIG. 6a comprises two support elements of which only one 52 is represented in this figure and takes the form of a pedal on which a user places his foot and exerts an alternating rectilinear force.
- a folded leg, denoted by J, of the user has been represented with the foot in position on the support element 52 and exerting an alternating rectilinear force which, at the position of FIG. 6a, is illustrated by the arrow F.
- the bearing element 52 moves in association with a circular guide 54 and this support element is connected by a lever arm 56 (crank) to a force transmission axis 58 called the primary axis.
- the center O of the circular guide 54 is shown offset from the axis 58 to illustrate the eccentric position of this axis relative to the geometric center of the guide.
- FIG. 6a also shows in dashed lines the assembly formed of the support element 52, the lever arm 56 and the axis 58 in a subsequent position obtained by rotating the support element under FIG. action of an alternating rectilinear motion imposed by the user's leg.
- connection between the bearing element 52 and the axis 58 can be made according to one of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1a to 4d so that the length of the lever arm 56 can vary during the relative movement. of the bearing element 52 with respect to the axis 58.
- FIG. 6b represents a view from above of the mechanical device according to the invention in its application to a cycle. 2011/052020
- the elements 52, 54, 56 and 58 described with reference to FIG. 6a constitute the left part of the device.
- the device 50 also comprises a pedal 60 constituting a bearing element cooperating, during its rotational movement, with a circular guide 62 and which is connected by a lever arm 64 (right crank) to an axis effort transmission 66.
- the two pedals occupy respective positions that are opposite to the geometric center of the guide.
- each pedal is attached to the gutter of the circular guide with which it cooperates with a brush (68 for the left pedal and 70 for the right pedal) which is engaged in the corresponding circular guide.
- This brush is attached to one end of the corresponding pedal.
- the axis of rotation of the primary shaft (force transmission axis) is eccentric with respect to the geometric center of the circular guide as mentioned above.
- each force transmission axis 58, 66 is connected to a complementary mechanism for restoring the symmetrical position of the two pedals with respect to each other vis-à-vis the geometric center of the guide.
- Each complementary mechanism comprises in particular a pair of elliptical gear trays that cooperate mechanically with each other.
- One of the trays is connected to the corresponding force transmission axis or corresponding primary axis.
- the primary axis 58 of the left pedal is connected, on the opposite side to the crank support 56, to an ovoid gear plate. 11 052020
- the second ovoid plate 74 is connected to a long axis 76 and drives it in rotation.
- a single gear plate 78 is mounted on the long axis 76, for example in a centered manner, and meshes with another simple gear plate 80 of the same size as the gear 78.
- the plate 80 is mounted on one end of an axis 82 which is short with respect to the axis 76 and is connected at its opposite end to the plate 84 of the chain 86 which is connected to the rear wheel.
- the chain plate 84 is directly connected to the long axis 76 and the two simple gear plates 78 and 80 are offset and arranged between the chain 86 and a rear pinion 88.
- a first eccentric elliptical gear plate 90 is mounted on the primary axis 66 at an end opposite the crank support and co-operatively engages with a second eccentric elliptical gear plate 92.
- This second platen is attached to a second gear plate. end of the long axis 76, opposite end to that to which is fixed the elliptical gear tray 74.
- the two gear trays 90 and 92 are identical to each other and are identical to the trays 72 and 74 in this embodiment. 2020
- the two independent mechanisms for restoring the symmetrical position of the pedals can be replaced by a single mechanism, for example a single pair of elliptical gears.
- elliptical gear trays can be replaced by other means to restore the symmetrical position of the pedals relative to each other vis-à-vis the geometric center of the circular guide.
- chains could be used in place of these gears.
- the guides 54 and 62 have been described as being circular but can of course take another shape such as an ovoid shape. Depending on the shape of the guides other conjugated gear profiles can be used (gear with three lobes, peanut shaped ).
- the eccentric egg-shaped trays are identical in shape and placed so that by pivoting about their respective axes they are always in contact. Their ratio is 1 to 1 when the axis of the left pedal rotates 360 °. However, the eccentric position of these trays makes their rotational speed inside a lathe sinusoidal. One will turn in the opposite direction faster than the other during the first 180 °, and vice versa.
- This system allows the short axis 82 to turn on a complete turn exactly at the same rate as the left pedal on its circular guide.
- the short axis also performs, at the same time a rotation of 90 °.
- the primary axis 58 is offset from the center of the circular guide O and lies on a line perpendicular to the direction of the movement of the force exerted (direction contained in the same plane as that of the guide or in a parallel plane), so that the angle between the theoretical position of the crank which would be located vertically in the center of the circular guide O and the real position thereof is 34 °, then the system Eccentric gearing of the left pedal should move 34 ° inside a half-turn, and back 34 ° in the other half-turn.
- the eccentric gear system For the eccentric gear system to be shifted by + 34 ° inside a half-turn and then -34 ° inside the second half-turn, it must be constructed in such a way that the angle APB (formed by three points, the one P being one of the centers of the ellipse, the second A being the point of intersection between the circumference of the ellipse and the line which passes through the first focus orthogonal to the line which crosses the two foci, and the third B being the point of intersection between the circumference of the ellipse and the line which passes through the second focal point orthogonal to the line which crosses the two foci) is equal to 34 °.
- APB formed by three points, the one P being one of the centers of the ellipse, the second A being the point of intersection between the circumference of the ellipse and the line which passes through the first focus orthogonal to the line which crosses the two foci, and the third B being the point of intersection between the circumference of the ellipse and the line
- the aforementioned angle is at most 45 ° with a circular guide and can adopt a theoretical limit value of 90 ° with an ovoid-shaped guide (eg elliptical).
- the pedals of the cycle thus formed retain a perfect symmetry with respect to the center of their respective guide.
- the chainring is located on the short axis 82 connected to the long axis 76 by a set of conventional gears developing 1 for 1 throughout a turn, so that the chainring rotates in the same meaning that the half-axes of the pedals.
- FIG. 6c illustrates an alternative embodiment of the mechanism of FIG. 6b in which the set of gears 78, 80 mounted on the axis 82 is eliminated and the axis 76 connecting the second plates 74 and 92 is then directly mounted on the Chainring 84.
- FIG. 6c illustrates an arrangement in which the chain 61 replaces the chain 86 of FIG. 6b and is wound around, on the one hand, the chain plate 84 and, on the other hand, the rear pinion 88 being crossed between the tray and the pinion so as to substantially form an 8.
- the chain 61 comprises two longitudinal portions or strands 61a, 61b which intersect in a crossing zone Z which is situated close to the rear pinion 88 and is relatively remote from the chain plate 84.
- a crossing zone Z which is situated close to the rear pinion 88 and is relatively remote from the chain plate 84.
- FIG. 6d illustrates an enlarged schematic view of the crossing zone Z of the two longitudinal portions 61a and 61b and the planned spacer elements.
- two holding elements which take here for example the form of guide wheels are arranged on either side of each longitudinal portion 61a, 61b and cooperate therewith to maintain a sufficient lateral spacing between them .
- a pair of guide wheels 63, 65 is disposed above and below the longitudinal portion 61a while another pair of guide wheels 67, 69 is disposed above and below the longitudinal portion 61b.
- FIG. 6e very schematically illustrates, in a view from above, the laterally offset arrangement of the two upper wheels 63 and 67.
- the two pairs may, in a variant, be arranged at the same longitudinal position, each in cooperation with a longitudinal portion of the chain.
- This arrangement may for example be useful to facilitate attachment to the frame and, for example, to make the fixing system more compact.
- lateral spacing to be maintained between the two longitudinal portions of the chain is for example equal to about the thickness of a longitudinal portion of chain, which dimension is visible in Figure 6e.
- each longitudinal portion 61a, 61b needs to be shifted by only half a thickness or width of the longitudinal portion of the chain relative to a median position that would occupy each longitudinal portion located therein. one above the other in case of no crossing.
- a gap of 0.8 cm between the two longitudinal chain portions for a standard chain may be sufficient.
- spacer holding member eg guide wheel
- Figures 6f and 6g illustrate another alternative embodiment to dispense with the set of gears 78, 80 of Figure 6b.
- the peculiarity of this variant lies in the fact that the chain plate 71 is inclined relative to a vertical plane P and is connected by the chain 86 to the rear pinion 88 which remains, meanwhile, arranged vertically.
- These guides are provided on either side of the chain plate 71 to maintain it in an inclined position.
- the guides are for example arranged at the periphery of the plate 71.
- the plate 71 is mounted on a hub or core 77 by means of interlocking elements mounted in correspondence both on the plate and on the hub and complementary to each other so as to fit into each other.
- the hub has for example here a general shape of ellipsoid which is elongated along an axis perpendicular to the vertical plane and which is confused here 0
- the interlocking elements formed on the surface of the hub 77 thus take the form of grooves or notches which extend along the curvature of the ellipsoid. These elements begin at an end coincident with the axis 76 and extend longitudinally along the profile of the ellipsoid to the other end located on the axis 76.
- the height / depth of the successive peaks and troughs formed by the arrangement of the side-by-side grooves (in cross-section) increases from one end to the median plane (equatorial plane) of the ellipsoid and then decreases towards the other extremity.
- 71 take for example the form of teeth whose tips and recesses between the points cooperate with the successive grooves (troughs and peaks) so as to achieve the interlocking.
- the inclination of the plate is relatively low, typically of the order of a few degrees of angle and is maintained during a rotational movement of the plate-hub assembly through the guides 73 and 75.
- the hub on which the chain plate is mounted can, in turn, take other forms for mounting the plate on the hub and their rotational movement about the axis 76.
- the interlocking elements of the hub or core can take other forms and for example take the appearance of a succession of hollows and bumps, crenellations ...
- FIGS. 7a-d show several successive positions
- G1 to G4 of the left pedal 52 of FIG. 6b (corresponding to the positions illustrated in FIGS. 1a to 4d) and, correspondingly, to each time the relative position of the elliptical gears 72 and 74 in front view and which cooperate with each other.
- Figures 8a-d illustrate the corresponding views of the successive positions D1 to D4 for the right pedal 60 and the relative position of the elliptical gears 90 and 92 associated with this pedal.
- FIG. 7a illustrates the initial position of the left pedal, noted here G1 (corresponding, for example, to the position of FIGS. 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a) with the lever arm disposed at an angle of 34 ° (non-limiting example relative to the vertical and the corresponding relative position of the gears 72 and 74: the gear 72 is shifted + 34 ° from the downward vertical position it should have, while the gear 74 takes a vertical position directed upwards (major axis of the vertical ellipse).
- the right pedal is in its initial position, denoted here D1, corresponding to that of the pedal G 1.
- the lever arm is arranged downward at an angle of -34 ° to the vertical.
- the gear 92 adopts a vertical downward position, while the gear 90 is shifted by -34 ° from the upward vertical position it should have.
- FIGS. 7b to 8d show, in bold lines, the new position of the major axis of the ellipse and, in dotted lines, the position of the major axis of the preceding figure, as well as the measurement of the angle between these two positions.
- FIG. 7c illustrates the position of the pedal corresponding to FIGS. 1c, 2c, 3c and 4c) with the gear 72 shifted by -34 ° relative to the vertical position that it should have, while the gear 74 adopts a downward vertical position.
- the respective lever arms of the two pedals are horizontal and the respective gears are both arranged horizontally (major axis of the horizontal ellipse) but in a position at 180 ° to that of FIGS. 7b and 8b.
- the invention also finds an interesting application to piston-type heat engines as shown very schematically in FIG. 9.
- the device according to the invention 100 comprises a mechanism transforming a reciprocating rectilinear motion from a connecting rod 102 connected to a piston 104 moving in a rectilinear movement as indicated by the arrow F.
- the mechanism also comprises a rod 106 constituting a crankshaft arm which is fixed in its central part to the connecting rod 102 by an attachment means 108.
- the arm 106 has two opposite ends 106a, 106b which are each provided, for example, with a brush attached to a circular or ovoid guide respectively 1 10a, 1 10b.
- the guide also has an inner trough into which the bristle is introduced.
- the alternating rectilinear force applied by the connecting rod 102 to the crank arm 106 transmits at the two opposite ends thereof a force which rotates the crank arm 106 cooperating with the two guides 1 10a and 1 10b.
- the ends 106a and 106b constitute support elements which are each connected by a crank arm crank, respectively 1 12a, 1 12b, to a primary axis consisting of the crankshaft tail.
- crankshaft shank 1 14 connected to the crank arm 1 12b has been shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity. 2020
- each crank arm is recessed in its central portion to allow a slider 1 16 fixed to a free end of the axis 1 14 to slide inside the arm 1 12b during the rotational movement of the crank arm 106 guided by the associated guide elements 1 10a and 1 10b.
- the position of the force transmission axis 1 14 is eccentric with respect to the geometric center of the corresponding guide.
- each support element with respect to the corresponding transmission axis in order to vary the length of the lever arm between these two elements
- the relative displacement of each support element with respect to the corresponding transmission axis can be realized as illustrated in FIGS. 2a to 2d or in Figures 3a to 3d or even in Figures 4a to 4d.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11773028.3A EP2611681A1 (fr) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | Dispositif mecanique a bras de levier de longueur variable |
BR112013005041A BR112013005041A2 (pt) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | ''dispositivo mecânico com braço de alavanca de comprimento variável''. |
MX2013002474A MX2013002474A (es) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | Dispositivo mecanico de brazo de palanca de longitud variable. |
RU2013114478/11A RU2013114478A (ru) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | Механическое устройство с плечом рычага переменной длины |
CN2011800523653A CN103209887A (zh) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | 具有可变长度的杠杆臂的机械装置 |
US13/820,482 US20130199316A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | Mechanical device with variable-length lever arm |
JP2013526541A JP2013536925A (ja) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | 長さが可変とされたレバーアームを備えた機械的デバイス |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1056960A FR2964360B1 (fr) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | Dispositif mecanique a bras de levier de longueur variable |
FR1056960 | 2010-09-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012028832A1 true WO2012028832A1 (fr) | 2012-03-08 |
Family
ID=43733284
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2011/052020 WO2012028832A1 (fr) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-02 | Dispositif mecanique a bras de levier de longueur variable |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130199316A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2611681A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2013536925A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN103209887A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112013005041A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2964360B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2013002474A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2013114478A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012028832A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015216251A1 (de) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-03-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Oszillationsgartengerät, Getriebeelement eines Oszillationsgartengeräts und Verfahren mit einem Oszillationsgartengerät |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR386104A (fr) * | 1907-04-04 | 1908-06-04 | Camille Celestin Lamouline | Pédalier de bicyclette |
FR889981A (fr) * | 1942-04-11 | 1944-01-25 | Pédalier fonctionnant par manivelle ou plateau excentriques, pour vélos et véhicules à traction humaine | |
FR60159E (fr) * | 1950-04-01 | 1954-09-23 | Perfectionnements aux pédaliers pour cycles et transmissions analogues mécaniques par bielle et manivelle | |
US4646580A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1987-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Motion convertor from rotary to sine-wave reciprocation |
DE29919404U1 (de) * | 1999-11-02 | 2000-03-02 | Martin Roland | In der Länge veränderbarer Hebel eines Kurbelwellenantriebs |
DE202007010353U1 (de) * | 2007-07-25 | 2007-10-04 | Meyer, Heinz | Kurvengesteuerter Kurbelantrieb für Fahrräder |
WO2008012521A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Andrew James Smith | Unité d'entraînement de manivelle de pédalier de bicyclette |
WO2009101637A2 (fr) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Manoj Kumar Mondal | Système d’entraînement basé sur un bras de manivelle de longueur variable |
WO2010008149A2 (fr) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Lee Keun Hyoung | Manivelle rétractable/déployable à came cylindrique, came d'extrémité ou came à plateau incliné et bicyclette utilisant cette manivelle |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1098059A (zh) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-02-01 | 胡苏甦 | 自行车脚踏杠杆 |
-
2010
- 2010-09-02 FR FR1056960A patent/FR2964360B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-09-02 US US13/820,482 patent/US20130199316A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-02 RU RU2013114478/11A patent/RU2013114478A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-02 CN CN2011800523653A patent/CN103209887A/zh active Pending
- 2011-09-02 WO PCT/FR2011/052020 patent/WO2012028832A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-09-02 BR BR112013005041A patent/BR112013005041A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-02 EP EP11773028.3A patent/EP2611681A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-02 MX MX2013002474A patent/MX2013002474A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-02 JP JP2013526541A patent/JP2013536925A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR386104A (fr) * | 1907-04-04 | 1908-06-04 | Camille Celestin Lamouline | Pédalier de bicyclette |
FR889981A (fr) * | 1942-04-11 | 1944-01-25 | Pédalier fonctionnant par manivelle ou plateau excentriques, pour vélos et véhicules à traction humaine | |
FR60159E (fr) * | 1950-04-01 | 1954-09-23 | Perfectionnements aux pédaliers pour cycles et transmissions analogues mécaniques par bielle et manivelle | |
US4646580A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1987-03-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Motion convertor from rotary to sine-wave reciprocation |
DE29919404U1 (de) * | 1999-11-02 | 2000-03-02 | Martin Roland | In der Länge veränderbarer Hebel eines Kurbelwellenantriebs |
WO2008012521A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Andrew James Smith | Unité d'entraînement de manivelle de pédalier de bicyclette |
DE202007010353U1 (de) * | 2007-07-25 | 2007-10-04 | Meyer, Heinz | Kurvengesteuerter Kurbelantrieb für Fahrräder |
WO2009101637A2 (fr) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Manoj Kumar Mondal | Système d’entraînement basé sur un bras de manivelle de longueur variable |
WO2010008149A2 (fr) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Lee Keun Hyoung | Manivelle rétractable/déployable à came cylindrique, came d'extrémité ou came à plateau incliné et bicyclette utilisant cette manivelle |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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STUCKENBROK F: "MEHR POWER DURCH TELESKOP-TRETKURBEL?", RADMARKT, BVA BIELEFELDER VERLAG, BIELEFELD, DE, vol. 99, no. 10, 21 October 1988 (1988-10-21), pages 44, XP000000178, ISSN: 0033-8540 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2611681A1 (fr) | 2013-07-10 |
FR2964360B1 (fr) | 2013-06-21 |
BR112013005041A2 (pt) | 2016-05-31 |
RU2013114478A (ru) | 2014-10-10 |
MX2013002474A (es) | 2013-09-16 |
CN103209887A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
US20130199316A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
FR2964360A1 (fr) | 2012-03-09 |
JP2013536925A (ja) | 2013-09-26 |
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