WO2012026170A1

WO2012026170A1 - Direct current regenerative electric motor and rotation direction switching apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2012026170A1
Application number: PCT/JP2011/061856
Authority: WO
Inventors: 岩井武雄
Original assignee: Iwai Takeo
Priority date: 2010-08-23
Filing date: 2011-05-24
Publication date: 2012-03-01
Also published as: JP2012070606A; JP4700138B1

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a direct current regenerative electric motor that carries out regenerative braking immediately after an electricity supply is interrupted only upon an operation of an electricity supply operation unit, and is capable of accumulating electricity obtained through said regenerative braking, as well as a rotation direction switching apparatus that switches the direction of rotation of the direct current regenerative electric motor. [Solution] A direct current regenerative electric motor comprises: an electricity supply signal generator unit, which outputs an electricity supply signal in response to a first instruction signal; a regeneration signal generator unit, which outputs a regeneration signal in response to a second instruction signal; a segment, further comprising a detector unit which detects a magnetic pole of a rotor and applies a polarity to the electricity supply signal, and a switching unit that changes the direction of load current, intermittently allowing same to flow; and a regenerated electricity control unit, which multiplies and accumulates induced electricity. The direct current regenerative electric motor either drives rotation or regeneratively brakes, in response to the instruction signals. The direct current further comprises a rotation direction switching apparatus, which switches the direction of rotation by selecting a magnetic coil group and supplying an electricity supply signal, allowing an electric-powered automobile to move forward or in reverse.

Description

DC regenerative motor and rotation direction switch

The present invention relates to a DC regenerative motor that is driven by direct current, converts surplus kinetic energy after driving into electric energy, and stores it in a capacitor or the like, and a rotation direction switch that switches the rotation direction of the DC regenerative motor. .

In recent years, against the backdrop of global environmental protection, a departure from dependence on oil, and heightened awareness regarding energy efficiency, hybrid vehicles that use an engine and a motor together with electricity that drives a motor with electric energy accumulated in a storage battery or a fuel cell Cars are in the spotlight. In particular, the rapid development of small, high-output motors, storage batteries, and fuel cells has spurred their practical application.
In consideration of energy efficiency, a DC motor is advantageous as a motor for driving an electric vehicle. However, since the torque and the rotational speed are in an inversely proportional relationship, the variable range of the rotational speed is narrow and it is difficult to change the rotational speed over a wide range. On the other hand, in order to drive an AC motor (induction motor, synchronous motor, etc.) with a DC power source, it is necessary to convert DC to AC with an inverter, and energy efficiency is inferior to that of a DC motor. Furthermore, when driving with three-phase alternating current, the torque ripple is large and the input is reduced to 1 / √2, so that the output is restricted. On the other hand, the structure is simple, the service life is long, and the rotation speed range can be controlled widely from 0 rpm to, for example, 15000 rpm, so that no transmission is required.
Therefore, a micro electric vehicle that travels at a low speed mainly uses a DC motor, and a passenger electric vehicle that requires a high speed travel uses an AC motor that is driven and controlled.

However, from the viewpoint of energy efficiency and the like, many technological developments necessary for using a DC motor in a normal automobile have been made, and many improvement proposals have been made.
For example, a brushless DC motor that performs torque control by changing the duty ratio of the PWM signal is equipped with means for switching the carrier frequency of the PWM signal in a plurality of stages, and by controlling the switching and change of the duty ratio, a low load A motor has been proposed that does not vibrate even at a low rotational speed (see Patent Document 1).
Moreover, juxtaposing the two field magnets coaxially, at low rotation causes line up the magnetic poles of different polarities weaken the magnetic field, during rotation increases, exerts a governor in its centrifugal force, thereby lined up the magnetic poles of the same polarity There has been proposed a brushless DC motor that can be used with high torque up to about three times the conventional number of rotations without increasing the magnetic flux and thereby performing field-weakening control (see Patent Document 2).
Furthermore, a method has been proposed in which two rotors are provided, and the phase difference is feedback controlled so that the deviation between the command value and the estimated value is reduced, thereby performing field-weakening control and increasing the rotational speed of the motor (patent) Reference 3).
On the other hand, in order to reduce energy consumption and extend mileage and increase energy efficiency, there is a method of electrically converting surplus kinetic energy during travel and charging the secondary battery, or surplus kinetic energy during deceleration Development related to so-called regenerative braking, which is converted, collected, and consumed, is also underway.
For example, in a small electric vehicle that charges the battery with the electric power generated by regenerative braking, the initial charge capacity limit value is set to less than full charge so that the battery does not overcharge on a long downhill, A method has been proposed in which the upper limit value of the vehicle speed is set downward when charging is performed (see Patent Document 4).
Also, by integrating the torque, after the high torque exceeding the reference value is output, the use of regenerative torque is restricted or prohibited to prevent the motor windings from overheating, and sufficient power performance can be achieved. On the other hand, a method has been proposed that eliminates the inconvenience that the winding temperature rises due to regenerative braking during downhill and the current is limited, and the necessary torque cannot be obtained during the subsequent uphill (see Patent Document 5). ).
Furthermore, in order to improve the fuel efficiency, when the required braking force by the operation of the brake pedal is smaller than the regenerative braking force, using only regenerative braking, when the required braking force is greater than the regenerative braking force of regenerative braking and friction braking And a method of reducing the ratio of the regenerative braking force when sudden braking is required (see Patent Document 6).

On the other hand, the brushless DC motor detects the magnetic pole position of the rotor by using a magnetic sensor such as a Hall element or an optical sensor, and applies an excitation current corresponding to the detected magnetic pole position to the field winding to generate a rotating magnetic field. Since the rotor is generated and rotated, when it is used as a drive source for an electric vehicle, when the forward / reverse is selected, the rotational direction is mechanically switched by a transmission or the like, or the rotating magnetic field It is necessary to switch the rotation direction. Therefore, a method of switching the rotation direction by switching the phase order of each field winding of a motor that obtains a rotating magnetic field by flowing alternating currents having different phases to each field winding (Patent Document 7), A method of switching the rotation direction by controlling the alternating current supply timing to the winding has been proposed (Patent Document 8).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-98577 JP 11-69743 A JP 2009-254079 A JP 2008-54441 A JP 2008-167599 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-8306 Japanese Patent No. 3337126 Japanese Patent No. 3906429

The brushless DC motor detects the magnetic pole position of the rotor, forms a rotating magnetic field based on the detected magnetic pole position signal, and the drive circuit based on the chopper signal also consumes power. Therefore, the output efficiency is higher than that of a brushed motor. Decreases. Therefore, it is possible to increase the output efficiency by utilizing AC power induced in the field winding at the non-energization timing during intermittent energization for the formation of the rotating magnetic field, and to utilize the regenerative braking to improve the energy efficiency and fuel consumption of the vehicle. There is a need to improve. In that case, consideration from an ergonomic standpoint is necessary for the driver who is used to the engine car. That is, when the accelerator pedal is loosened and released in the expectation of the same feeling as that of the engine brake, if the regenerative braking does not function, it is expected that the brake pedal will be stepped on from anxiety. Thus, when the accelerator pedal is loosened and released, regenerative braking is required, and the induced electrical energy must be efficiently recovered.

In addition, the method of mechanically changing the forward and backward movements by changing the gear of the transmission, such as an internal combustion engine car, increases the size of the device and increases the weight. Not. The method of switching the phase order is a simple method for an electric motor excited by a three-phase alternating current, but there is a torque ripple and it is difficult to obtain a high output. Furthermore, the method for controlling the supply timing of the excitation current becomes complicated as the number of phases increases. Both methods are unsuitable for motors that detect the position of the magnetic pole of the rotor and that are driven by intermittently energizing each field winding in accordance with the duty ratio of the chopper signal or PWM signal.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention can increase the output efficiency of a conventional brushless DC motor, perform regenerative braking immediately after stopping power feeding only by operating the power feeding operation unit, and further obtain electric power obtained by regenerative braking. It is a first object to provide a DC regenerative motor that can store the energy and increase the energy efficiency.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide a rotation direction switch that switches the rotation direction of the DC regenerative motor.

The DC regenerative motor of the present invention is a field magnet that is wound around each of a plurality of field poles facing the rotor and a rotor in which N poles and S poles are arranged at regular intervals and excited by DC. A brushless DC regenerative motor having a stator provided with a plurality of field winding sets in which windings are connected in series or in parallel, and receives and receives a command based on the magnitude of force for commanding the operation. If the force exceeds a predetermined value, a first command signal is generated in which the characteristic value of the linear element changes in proportion to the magnitude of the force exceeding the predetermined value, and the received force is less than the predetermined value. In this case, a command signal generator for generating a second command signal in which the characteristic value of the linear element changes in proportion to the magnitude of the force below the predetermined value, and a duty ratio according to the first command signal In response to the power supply signal generator that outputs the power supply signal and the second command signal A regenerative signal generator that outputs a regenerative signal with a duty ratio, and a field pole in the vicinity of a field pole around which one field winding forming one of the field winding sets is wound (slot The same applies hereinafter.) Or a detection unit that detects the magnetic poles of the rotor at the center and gives either positive or negative polarity to the power supply signal, and the polarity of the power supply signal output from the detection unit A switching unit that switches the direction of the load current supplied from the DC power source to the field winding set according to the power supply, and intermittently energizes the load current according to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and the field winding A load current detection unit for detecting the magnitude of the load current flowing through the wire set, and a segment disposed in each of the field winding sets and an AC power induced in each of the field winding sets Double voltage rectification according to the duty ratio of the regenerative signal to store in the battery That the regenerative power control unit, are rotated in accordance with the duty ratio of the first command signal comprises a, characterized in that it is regenerative braking in accordance with the duty ratio of the second command signal.
As described above, the command signal generation unit generates two command signals whose characteristic values of the linear elements change, energizes the field winding by one command signal, and regenerates by another one command signal. Acceleration and braking at the time of driving the electric motor can be performed by one operation unit. A field winding set and a detection unit are arranged, and a field winding set at a position where the torque is increased as much as possible from the position where the magnetic pole of the rotor is detected by each detection unit according to the first command signal. While generating the magnetic flux by the power supply signal with the duty ratio to increase the torque as much as possible, the AC power induced in the field winding set at the non-energization timing during power feeding to the field winding set also passes through the switching unit. By supplying to other field winding sets, the output efficiency can be further improved and a larger torque can be obtained as compared with the conventional brushless DC motor. In addition, AC power induced in the field winding set after power supply is stopped is rectified into a double voltage and stored in a capacitor such as a large-capacity capacitor, so that the induced power during low-speed rotation can be used and charging Appropriate voltage is ensured and energy efficiency can be increased.

The regenerative signal generation unit generates two regenerative signals having the same duty ratio but only different voltages, and the regenerative power control unit is a pair of power supplies intermittently energized by the voltages of the regenerative signals. Switching element, a pair of capacitors that store electric power energized by each of the switching elements, and a large-capacity capacitor that obtains a double voltage charge by the charge stored in the pair of capacitors, A large-capacity electric charge obtained by multiplying the electric power energized by each pair of switching elements by a pair of capacitors is stored in the large-capacity capacitor and can be used for charging a secondary battery.
In addition, the command signal generation unit includes, for example, a sliding resistance in which a resistor is formed on a belt-shaped sliding surface provided side by side, and the resistance value is changed by a sliding member that slides both sliding surfaces in the length direction. And a control member that slides the slide member according to the received force when the command is received according to the magnitude of the force for commanding the operation, and the received force is the predetermined value The first command signal is generated by the first resistor whose resistance value decreases in proportion to the magnitude of the force exceeding the predetermined value, and the received force is less than the predetermined value. In this case, if the second command signal is generated by the second resistor whose resistance value decreases in proportion to the magnitude of the force below the predetermined value, for example, an accelerator pedal of an electric vehicle, etc. Apply and loosen the accelerator pedal Since acts regenerative braking when released, it is possible to get a sense similar to the engine brake. Here, the magnitude of the received force is converted into a change in the resistance value of the resistor formed on the sliding surface, but it goes without saying that it is converted into a change in capacitance, a change in inductance, a change in voltage, etc. May be.
Further, the detection unit of one of the segments gives a positive or negative polarity to the power supply signal according to the detected magnetic pole, and the output of the power supply signal is the other If it is configured so as to be input to the switching section of one of the segments, a rotating magnetic field is formed by the standardized segment, and it is convenient for manufacturing and assembling parts by segmentation.
When the load current detected by the load current detection unit exceeds a threshold value, the load current detection unit includes an overload current limiting unit that outputs an overload signal, and the power supply signal generation unit receives the overload signal when the overload signal is input. reducing the duty ratio of the feed signal, when 該過 load signal is eliminated, the duty ratio of the reduced power feeding signal, if the increase to the duty ratio corresponding to the first command signal, abnormal during feeding when the load current flows also, the load current is suppressed immediately decreases the duty ratio of the feed signal, even when the abnormal regeneration current after power supply stop flows, the regenerative current immediately decreases the duty ratio of the regenerative signal It is possible to suppress and prevent burning of the field winding set.
Furthermore, after stopping the power supply from the DC power source to the field winding set, a regenerative current detecting unit for detecting an AC regenerative current flowing through each of the field winding sets as the rotor rotates, and the regenerative current detecting unit An overcurrent limiting unit that outputs an overcurrent signal when the regenerative current detected by the controller exceeds a threshold, and the regenerative signal generation unit decreases the duty ratio of the regenerative signal when the overcurrent signal is input. When the overcurrent signal disappears, the reduced duty ratio of the regenerative signal is increased to the duty ratio corresponding to the second command signal, so that the load current flowing through the field winding set or the regenerative signal is regenerated. When the current returns to a normal value again, normal power feeding and power storage to the capacitor can be performed again, and the influence of the overcurrent can be lightly stopped.
The detection unit includes a Hall element having an input terminal for inputting the power supply signal and an output terminal for outputting the power supply signal input from the input means with a polarity corresponding to the detected magnetic pole. The switching unit includes a first switching element energized in the first direction when the polarity of the power supply signal output from the Hall element is positive, and a second direction when the polarity of the power supply signal is negative. If it is configured to have the second switching element to be energized, the direction of the load current flowing in each field winding set is changed in accordance with the rotation of the rotor, while the magnetic pole detection of the rotor by each Hall element By generating a rotating magnetic field by energization from the detection position to the field winding set at a position where the torque is maximized as much as possible, while supplying the induced power during non-energization to other field winding sets, Enhanced more output efficiency than C motor, it is possible to obtain a greater torque.

Here, the load current supplied to the first switching unit and the second field winding set for switching the direction of the load current supplied to the first field winding set among the plurality of field winding sets. And a selector having a plurality of selectors for selecting one of the second switching units for switching the direction of the motor, and a command relating to the rotation direction of the rotor. a selector switch unit for selecting one of the switching unit, when configured with a, it is possible to easily switch the direction of rotation of the DC regenerative motor, when applied to an electric vehicle, the motor forward of the vehicle, the backward This can be realized by switching the rotation direction.
In this case, each of the selectors includes a first contact connected to the first field winding set via the first switching unit, and the second field winding set via the second switching unit. The selector switching unit closes the first contact and opens the second contact when receiving a command relating to the forward rotation direction, and in the reverse rotation direction. If the first contact is opened and the second contact is closed when such a command is received, the rotation direction can be switched.
In addition, the one detection unit is installed near or in the center of the field pole around which one field winding forming one of the field winding sets is wound. The first field winding set is wound around the field pole that is one or two ahead in the positive rotation direction with respect to the field pole in which the one detection unit is installed in the vicinity or the center. The second field winding set includes a field winding wound around one or two field poles in the reverse rotation direction with respect to the field pole. If so, the rotation of the electric motor after the rotation direction is switched is smooth.

The rotation direction switching device of the present invention connects a plurality of field windings arranged at equal intervals in series or in parallel to face a rotor in which N poles and S poles are alternately arranged at regular intervals. The load current supplied to each of the plurality of field winding sets formed as described above is controlled by the respective output signals output from the plurality of Hall elements that detect the magnetic pole positions of the rotor, thereby generating a rotating magnetic field. A rotation direction switch configured to switch a rotation direction of an electric motor to obtain a predetermined rotation speed, wherein a load current is controlled by an output signal output from one of the plurality of Hall elements. A selector provided with a plurality of selectors for selecting one of the field winding group and the second field winding group, and operates in response to a command related to the rotation direction. Selector for selecting one of the above field winding sets A replacement unit, characterized by comprising a.
Thus, if the field winding group in which the excitation current is controlled is switched at once via a plurality of selectors, the rotation direction of the brushless DC motor that intermittently supplies direct current to each field winding is smoothed. Can be switched.

In the DC regenerative motor of the present invention, the magnetic poles of the rotor are detected by detecting means such as each Hall element, and the field winding pair at a position where the torque is maximized is intermittently energized from the DC power supply via the switching element. As the rotating magnetic field is generated, the induced electric power during non-energization is also supplied to the field winding pair via the switching element, etc., so that the output efficiency is improved and the torque is increased compared to the conventional brushless DC motor. Can be obtained.
In addition, even if an abnormal current flows through the field winding pair during driving, burning is prevented without stopping power feeding, and if it returns to normal in a short time, the power feeding is restored to normal. The influence on the entire system to be used can be stopped lightly. Further, since regenerative braking immediately after stopping power feeding can be easily performed by the same operation means as the power feeding operation means, for example, when applied to an accelerator pedal of an electric vehicle, the same feeling as engine braking can be obtained. Furthermore, the electric power obtained by regenerative braking can be double-rectified and stored in a large-capacity capacitor, and the secondary battery can be charged with an appropriate voltage, so that energy efficiency can be improved.
Furthermore, if the rotation direction switching device of the present invention is provided, the rotation direction of the DC regenerative motor can be easily switched. Therefore, when applied to an electric vehicle, the forward and backward movement of the vehicle can be performed only by switching the rotation direction of the motor. Can be realized.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a first embodiment of a DC regenerative motor of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view and a side view showing the rotor of the DC regenerative motor according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view and a side view showing the field core of the stator of the DC regenerative motor according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a side view of the control pedal showing an example of the command signal generator of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a developed view of the sliding resistor coupled to the control pedal. FIG. 6 is a chopper signal oscillator showing an example of the chopper signal generation unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a power controller illustrating an example of the power supply signal generation unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a regenerative brake controller showing an example of the regenerative signal generation unit of the present embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an overload limiter of the overload current limiting unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a segment according to the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a regenerative power controller showing an example of the regenerative power control unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 12 is a battery charge voltage controller showing an example of the charging unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a main part of a DC regenerative motor according to a second embodiment to which the rotation direction switch according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 14 is a connection state diagram relating to the contact of the relay shown as one embodiment of the rotation direction switching device of the present invention. FIG. 15 is an operation circuit diagram of a relay shown as one embodiment of the rotation direction switching device of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a plan view of a fixed portion of a rotary switch shown as another embodiment of the rotation direction switch of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a bottom view of a rotary part of a rotary switch shown as another embodiment of the rotation direction switch of the present invention.

[First Embodiment]
Below, 1st Embodiment of the direct-current regeneration motor of this invention is described.
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating a DC regenerative motor according to the first embodiment.
A DC regenerative motor of this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a rotor 1 and a stator 2, a segment 3 to which a load current is supplied from a DC power supply 10, a chopper signal generation unit 5, a power supply signal generation unit 6, A regenerative signal generation unit 7, a command signal generation unit 8, a regenerative power control unit 9, a regenerative current detection unit 12, an overload current limiting unit 13, an overcurrent limiting unit 14, and a charging unit 15 are provided. Each electronic circuit is supplied with power from the DC-DC converter 4.
The DC regenerative motor of this embodiment is an inner rotor type in which a rotor 1 is disposed inside a stator 2. In the rotor 1, permanent magnets of N and S poles are fixedly arranged around the rotation axis. In the stator 2, field windings are wound around each of eight field magnetic poles (four field magnetic pole sets) formed at symmetrical positions with the rotor 1 interposed therebetween. Of these eight field windings, two field windings arranged opposite to each other are connected in parallel to form a field winding set 20. Each of the four field winding sets 20 is supplied with a DC load current (hereinafter referred to as “load current”) from the DC power supply 10 via the corresponding segment 3 to form a rotating magnetic field.
The DC power supply 10 has a secondary battery, and supplies DC power to each of the field winding sets 20 based on a power supply signal.
The DC-DC converter 4 steps down the voltage of the DC power supply 10 and supplies DC power of a predetermined voltage to each electronic circuit.
Here, the number of magnetic poles is set to 2 for the rotor 1 of the present embodiment, and the number of field poles is set to 8 for the stator 2, but the rotor 1 and the stator 2 are not necessarily limited to this configuration. . However, the number of magnetic poles of the rotor 1 is preferably a multiple of 2, and the number of field poles of the stator 2 is preferably a multiple of 2 that is larger than the number of magnetic poles of the rotor 1. The field winding set 20 has two field windings arranged opposite to each other connected in parallel, but may be connected in series. The field winding set 20 may be formed by a plurality of field windings arranged at symmetrical positions.

The segment 3 includes one field winding set 20 that obtains a rotating magnetic field and a system that supplies a load current to the field winding set 20. The system that supplies the load current includes a detection unit 16 that detects the magnetic pole of the rotor 1 that passes through the vicinity of or the center of any one of the field magnetic pole pairs of the stator 2, and the direction of the load current. A switching unit 17 for switching and a load current detecting unit 11 for detecting an abnormal load current are included.
The detection unit 16 includes a Hall element 18 that is disposed in the vicinity (including the slot) of the field pole of the stator 2 or in the center of the field pole and detects the magnetic pole of the magnet of the rotor 1.
The Hall element 18 includes an input terminal for a power feeding signal and an output terminal for outputting a power feeding signal having either positive or negative polarity according to the detected magnetic pole of the magnet when the power feeding signal is input from the input terminal. .
When the polarity of the power supply signal output from the output terminal of the Hall element 18 is positive, the switching unit 17 changes the energization time according to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and when the polarity of the power supply signal is negative And a switching element that changes the energization time according to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and switches the direction of the load current supplied to the field winding set 20 according to the magnetic pole of the magnet, while energizing intermittently. The energizing time of the load current to be changed is changed according to the duty ratio.
The load current detector 11 detects a load current flowing in both directions through the field winding set 20.

The chopper signal generation unit 5 generates a rectangular wave having a predetermined period, and generates a chopper signal by full-wave rectifying the generated rectangular wave.
The command signal generation unit 8 receives a command based on the magnitude of the force for commanding the operation, and when the magnitude of the received force exceeds a predetermined value (neutral), the magnitude of the force exceeding the predetermined value. Generating a first command signal in which the characteristic value of the linear element changes in proportion to the length, and if the received force is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the characteristic of the linear element is proportional to the magnitude of the force below the predetermined value A second command signal whose value changes is generated.
The power supply signal generation unit 6 outputs a power supply signal having a duty ratio corresponding to the first command signal output from the command signal generation unit 8.
The regenerative signal generator 7 outputs a regenerative signal having a duty ratio corresponding to the second command signal output from the command signal generator 8.
The regenerative power control unit 9 rectifies the AC power induced in the field winding set 20 by double voltage rectification based on the regenerative signal after the power supply from the DC power supply 10 to the field winding set 20 stops. And a regenerative current detector 12 for detecting the regenerative current so that the regenerative current flowing through the field winding set 20 does not become excessive.
Here, the large-capacity capacitor of the present embodiment includes, for example, an electric double layer capacitor having a pair of electrodes impregnated with an electrolyte, a separator separating the pair of electrodes, a collecting electrode, and a gasket. Can be used.
The overload current limiting unit 13 decreases the duty ratio of the power supply signal in the power supply signal generation unit 6 when the load current detected by the load current detection unit 11 exceeds the threshold value.
When the regenerative current detected by the regenerative current detection unit 12 exceeds the threshold after the power supply from the DC power supply 10 to the field winding set 20 is stopped, the overcurrent limiting unit 14 regenerates in the regenerative signal generation unit 7. Decrease the duty ratio of the signal.
The charging unit 15 charges the secondary battery of the DC power supply 10 with the electric charge stored in the large capacity capacitor of the regenerative power control unit 9.
Here, the detection unit of the present embodiment detects the magnetic pole of the rotor magnet by the Hall element 18, but the Hall element 18 is not necessarily required.

Here, the operation of the DC regenerative motor of this embodiment will be described.
The command signal generation unit 8 receives a command based on the magnitude of the force for commanding the operation, generates two command signals whose resistance values change according to the magnitude of the received force, and generates the command signal as a power supply signal To the unit 6 and the regenerative signal generator 7.
On the other hand, the chopper signal generating unit 5 generates a square wave is sent to the power supply signal generator 6 and a regeneration signal generator 7, the power feeding signal generator 6, the duty ratio of the rectangular wave output from the chopper signal generating unit 5 Is changed according to the resistance value of the command signal to generate a power supply signal, and the regenerative signal generation unit 7 changes the duty ratio of the rectangular wave output from the chopper signal generation unit 5 according to the resistance value of the command signal. Generate a regenerative signal. In that case, when the power supply signal is generated, no regeneration signal is generated. Similarly, when the regeneration signal is generated, no power supply signal is generated.
The generated feed signal is input to the hall element 18 of each segment 3. The hall element 18 outputs a feeding signal having either positive or negative polarity according to the magnetic pole of the magnet of the rotor 1. The output power supply signal of either positive or negative polarity is sent to the switching unit 17 of the segment 3 different from the segment 3 to which the Hall element 18 that outputs the power supply signal belongs.
In the switching unit 17, when the power supply signal is positive, the switching element that conducts with the positive power supply signal is energized for a time corresponding to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and during that time, the corresponding field winding set 20 is loaded. Current is supplied. When the power supply signal is negative, the switching element that conducts with the negative power supply signal is energized for a time corresponding to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and during that time, the load current is supplied to the corresponding field winding set 20. The The power supply signal does not stop, and the AC power induced in the field winding set 20 during the non-energization time due to the duty ratio of the switching element is opposite to each switching element in the conduction direction. Is used to feed other field winding sets 20 via diodes connected in parallel. Thereby, the output efficiency and torque of the DC regenerative motor of the present embodiment can be increased.

Here, the relationship between the segment 3 to which the hall element 18 belongs and the segment 3 to which the switching unit 17 that inputs the power feeding signal output from the hall element 18 belongs will be described.
Now, when the Hall element 18 of a certain segment 3 is arranged at the field pole of the stator 2 facing the north pole of the rotor 1, the field at a position rotated by a predetermined angle in the rotation direction of the motor from the field pole. The Hall element is connected to the switching section 17 of another segment 3 to which the field winding set 20 constituted by the field winding wound around the magnetic pole and the field winding at a position rotated by 180 degrees belongs. From 18, a positive or negative power supply signal is sent. That is, the feed signal output from the hall element 18 of a certain segment 3 is a field winding that is one or more ahead in the direction of rotation of the rotor 1 than the field winding set 20 belonging to that segment 3. It is sent to the switching unit 17 of the segment 3 to which the set 20 belongs.
Further, the regenerative signal generated when the power feeding signal is stopped is sent to the regenerative power control unit 9. The regenerative power control unit 9 has a pair of switching elements, and each switching element conducts according to the voltage of the regenerative signal, while changing the conduction time according to the duty ratio of the regenerative signal. Is stopped, and the AC power induced in the field winding set 20 by the rotation of the rotor 1 is double-voltage rectified and stored in the large-capacity capacitor 98, and the charging unit 15 is connected to the large-capacity capacitor 98. The stored charge is charged in the secondary battery of the DC power supply 10.
As described above, the regenerative power control unit 9 rectifies the AC power induced in the field winding group after the power supply is stopped into a double voltage and stores it in the large-capacity capacitor 98, so the rotor 1 rotates at a low speed. In addition to being able to effectively store and utilize the induced electric power at the time, an appropriate voltage is ensured when the charging unit 15 charges the secondary battery, so that energy efficiency can be improved.
On the other hand, if an overcurrent flows through the field winding, it may be burned out. Therefore, when the load current detection unit 11 detects the load current and the detected load current exceeds a threshold value, the overload current limiting unit 13 However, since the duty ratio of the power supply signal output from the power supply signal generation unit 6 is reduced, the power supplied to the field winding set 20 is suppressed.
In addition, the regenerative current detection unit 12 is configured so that the regenerative current flowing through the field winding set 20 is not excessive due to the AC power induced in the field winding set 20 after the power supply to the field winding set is stopped. When the regenerative current is detected and the detected regenerative current exceeds a threshold value, the overcurrent limiting unit 14 reduces the duty ratio of the regenerative signal output from the regenerative signal generating unit 7, so that it is stored in the large-capacity capacitor. In doing so, the regenerative current flowing through the field winding set 20 is suppressed.
When the load current detected by the load current detector 11 falls below a threshold value, the power feed signal generator 6 uses the duty ratio of the power feed signal reduced by the overload current limiter 13 as the first command signal. Increase the duty ratio accordingly.
When the regenerative current detected by the regenerative current detector 12 falls below the threshold value, the regenerative signal generator 7 sets the duty ratio of the regenerative signal reduced by the overcurrent limiter 14 according to the second command signal. Increase to duty ratio.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view and a side view showing the rotor of the DC regenerative motor of this embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view and a side view showing the field core of the stator of the DC regenerative motor of this embodiment. is there.
The rotor 1 shown in FIG. 2 has a rotating shaft 1b inserted in the center of a cylindrical magnet 1a having an N pole and an S pole, and is bonded and integrated together. To prevent slipping. A longitudinal groove 1d is formed at a symmetrical position on the outer periphery of the cylindrical magnet 1a. When detecting the magnetic pole of the magnet 1a by the Hall element, the Hall element detects a change in the magnetic pole at the passage of the groove 1d that is in a detection pause.
In the case of a high-speed rotating motor with a small diameter of the rotor 1, the entire magnetic body can be formed into a magnet and formed as a magnet. Further, in the case of a large motor, it can be formed by laminating electromagnetic steel sheets and forming them into a cylindrical shape and attaching a permanent magnet to the outer periphery thereof.
Here, the magnet 1a of the rotor of the present embodiment is composed of N poles and S poles, but the number of magnets 1a is not necessarily two, and any number may be used as long as the number of poles is an even number. However, as the number of poles increases, the torque ripple decreases, but the manufacturing cost increases.

The field iron core 2a of the stator 2 shown in FIG. 3 is formed by laminating non-oriented electrical steel sheets. Four lock grooves 2b for fixing the field core to the case and preventing rotation are provided on the outer periphery. A cylindrical space 2c in which the rotor rotates is located at the center of the cross section of the field core surrounded by the field core 2a. Around the cylindrical space 2c, eight slots 2d for embedding field windings, 8 There are eight field poles 2e partitioned by one slot, and two sets of four field poles 2e are provided at symmetrical positions across the cylindrical space 2c. A winding (coil) is wound around each of the four sets of field poles 2e, and the field windings formed on each set of field poles are connected in parallel to form a field winding set 20.
Here, the stator 2 of this embodiment is provided with four sets of field poles (eight field poles) 2e at symmetrical positions with the cylindrical space 2c interposed therebetween, but the number of poles is not necessarily limited to eight. No, it should be an even number. Further, the field winding, wound around the single field pole 2e, need not be so-called 1-pole and multi-pole winding across the 2-pole or multiple field pole 2e across two field pole 2e May be. If 2-pole winding is used, torque ripple can be reduced as compared with single-pole winding.
In addition, the Hall element 18 is prepared in correspondence with each segment so that the magnetic poles of the magnets can be sequentially detected when the rotor rotates (four in this case), and the cylindrical space 2c. It is installed at the center of each of the field poles (here, four) 2e arranged continuously. Alternatively, each can be installed in a slot 2d sandwiched between two poles.
The output of the Hall element 18 belonging to a certain segment 3 is the field winding wound around one or more field poles ahead of the field pole where the Hall element 18 is installed in the rotation direction of the rotor 1. A field winding set 20 composed of a line and a field winding wound around a field pole at a position further rotated 180 degrees therefrom is sent to another segment 3 to which it belongs.
Here, the Hall element 18 of the present embodiment is installed in the vicinity or center of the field pole 2e, but may be installed in a slot.

Below, an example of the electronic circuit which implement | achieves the function of the direct-current regenerative motor of this embodiment demonstrated in FIG. 1 is demonstrated.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a control pedal showing an example of the command signal generation unit of the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a developed view of a sliding resistor coupled to the control pedal.
4 is a side view of the control pedal 80. A sliding resistor 82 provided on both peripheral edges of the outer periphery of the drum across the neutral zone, a freely rotating drum rotating shaft 83, and the rotating shaft 83 rotate. A slide lead 84 that rotates in accordance with the slide resistor 82 and one end is coupled to a rod-shaped body 85, the middle is supported by a flexible tube 86, and is wound around a drum winding guide 81. The end includes a wire 87 connected to the slide lead 84. The rotating shaft 83 is urged counterclockwise by a spring that does not appear in the figure, and the rod-like body 85 is supported by a fulcrum 88 in the middle, and a pedal 89 that receives external force is provided at the other end.
When the pedal 89 is pushed in the direction of the arrow and receives a force, the wire 87 is pulled out according to the magnitude of the received force, and the slide lead 84 and the rotating shaft 83 rotate clockwise to slide the slide lead 84. Slide resistor 82. At that time, the resistance value between the

lead wires

84a and 84b of the slide lead 84 and the

lead wires

82a and 82b of the sliding resistor 82 changes.
Here, unlike the lead wire 82a, the lead wire 82b in FIG. 5 is connected to the left end of the sliding surface 82d. Accordingly, when one of the resistance values between the

lead wires

84a and 84b and the

lead wires

82a and 82b when the slide lead 84 moves across the neutral zone increases, the other decreases.
Here, the drum is fixed and the rotation shaft 83 is configured to rotate together with the slide lead 84, but the drum itself may be configured to rotate. Further, the sliding resistor 82 is not necessarily provided on the outer periphery of the drum.

The sliding resistor 82 shown in a developed view in FIG. 5 is provided with a belt-like sliding surface 82d having a resistor on each of one side of both sides of the neutral zone 82c, and the slide lead 84 is a sliding surface. By sliding 82d, the resistance value between the

lead wires

84a and 84b of the slide lead 84 and the

lead wires

82a and 82b of the sliding resistor 82 is changed. The upper sliding surface 82d in the drawing generates a first command signal, and the lower sliding surface 82d in the drawing generates a second command signal. On the upper sliding surface 82d, no resistor is formed up to the neutral zone 82c, and a resistor is formed on the right side of the neutral zone 82c. On the other hand, a resistor is formed on the lower sliding surface 82d up to the neutral zone 82c, and no resistor is formed on the right side of the neutral zone 82c.
In the figure, when the slide lead 84 moves to the right (in the direction of the arrow), the resistance value remains unchanged up to the neutral zone 82c on the upper sliding surface 82d, and further to the right from the neutral zone 82c. When moved, the resistance value gradually decreases from the maximum value and becomes zero. On the other hand, in the lower sliding surface 82d, the resistance value gradually increases from 0 until the neutral zone 82c, and becomes the maximum value after the neutral zone 82c. Next, when the slide lead 84 moves from the right side to the left side, the resistance value of the upper sliding surface 82d gradually increases from zero, reaches a maximum value near the neutral zone 82c, and resists even when the neutral zone 82c is exceeded. The value remains at the maximum value. On the other hand, the resistance value of the lower sliding surface 82d remains at the maximum value until the neutral zone 82c, and the resistance value gradually decreases to zero when moving further leftward from the neutral zone 82c.
The change in the resistance value of the upper sliding surface 82d is reflected in the power supply signal generation unit 6, and the duty ratio of the output power supply signal changes. Further, the change in the resistance value of the lower sliding surface 82d is reflected in the regenerative signal generation unit 7, and the duty ratio of the regenerative signal to be output changes.
Here, the magnitude of the received force is converted into a change in the resistance value of the sliding resistor 82, but it is not always necessary to convert it into a change in the resistance value. A change in capacitance, a change in inductance, a change in voltage Or the like, and can be reflected in the power supply signal generation unit 6 or the regenerative signal generation unit 7.

FIG. 6 is a chopper signal oscillator showing an example of the chopper signal generator of this embodiment.
The chopper signal oscillator 50 shown in FIG. 6 includes an input terminal IN, an output terminal OUT, a multivibrator 51, a pulse transformer 52, and a full-wave rectifier 53. Direct current power obtained by stepping down the voltage of the direct current power source 10 using a known DC-DC converter 4 is supplied to the input terminal IN. Square wave produced by the multivibrator 51, a pulse transformer 52, are combined into a rectangular wave having both positive and negative areas, the synthesized square wave is rectified by the full wave rectifier 53, the chopper signal to output terminal OUT Is output.
FIG. 7 is a power controller showing an example of the power supply signal generation unit of the present embodiment.
Power controller 60 shown in FIG. 7, the SCR (thyristor) 61, a freewheel diode 62 which bypasses the surge voltage, a resistor 63 to obtain a gate voltage of SCR61, controls the duty ratio of the chopper signal by SCR61 PUT ( Programmable Unijunction Transistor) 64, voltage dividing resistor 65, dummy load resistor 66, time constant circuit 67 for controlling the rise time of the PUT, and variable resistor for adjusting the voltage supplied to the time constant circuit 67 (Control pedal sliding resistor) 68, an input terminal IN for inputting a chopper signal output from the chopper signal oscillator, a forward / reverse switch 69 for converting the rotation direction of the rotor, and a predetermined duty ratio Output terminal OUT that outputs chopper signal (power supply signal) , Input and terminal C1IN overload signal voltage indicating that the load current flowing through the field winding is excessive, and is made of.
When a certain force is applied to the pedal 89 of the control pedal 80, a first command signal for changing the resistance value of the sliding resistor 82 is issued. As a result, when the resistance value of the variable resistor 68 changes, the voltage of the time constant circuit 67 changes and the rise time of the PUT 64 also changes, so the duty ratio of the chopper signal by the SCR 61 changes. As a result, a chopper signal (power supply signal) having a duty ratio corresponding to the first command signal is output from the output terminal OUT.
Further, when an overload signal voltage is input from the input terminal C1IN, the operating voltage of the PUT 64 increases, so that the rising voltage of the PUT 64 set by the first command signal increases and the duty ratio decreases. As a result, a power supply signal with a reduced duty ratio is output from the output terminal OUT.

FIG. 8 is a regenerative brake controller showing an example of the regenerative signal generation unit of the present embodiment.
Regenerative brake controller 70 shown in FIG. 8, when the chopper signal is inputted from the input terminal IN, a high pressure chopper signal having a duty ratio corresponding to the second command signal (high regeneration signal) to the first output terminal HOUT, low chopper This is a circuit similar to the power controller 60 that outputs a signal (low-pressure regeneration signal) to the second output terminal LOUT. Compared with the power controller 60, the pulse transformer 79 is connected instead of the forward / reverse switch 69 connected to the dummy resistor 66, and the overload signal input terminal C1IN informs that the regenerative current is excessive. The overcurrent signal input terminal C2IN is different from the power controller 60, but the other points are common. Therefore, for the common circuit components, the 60th series is replaced with the 70th series, the single-digit numbers are given the common numbers, and the explanation is omitted, and only the differences will be explained.
The pulse transformer 79 receives a chopper signal (regeneration signal) having a predetermined duty ratio on the primary side, and separately outputs a high-pressure regeneration signal and a low-pressure regeneration signal to the secondary side. A diode 79a that prevents backflow is connected to the secondary side. The operation of the regenerative brake controller 70 when the overcurrent signal voltage is input from the overcurrent signal input terminal C2IN is the same as the operation when the overload signal voltage is input to the power controller 60, and the description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an overload limiter of the overload current limiting unit according to the present embodiment.
The overcurrent limiter as an example of the overcurrent limiter according to the present embodiment is different in setting voltage from the overload limiter shown here, but the configuration is the same.
The overload limiter 130 (or overcurrent limiter) shown in FIG. 9 has an overload signal voltage (or overcurrent signal voltage) detected by the load current detection unit 11 (or regenerative current detection unit 12) of the segment 3. The input terminal IN, the full wave rectifier 131, the voltage dividing resistor 132, the Zener diode 133, the backflow prevention diode 134, and the output terminal OUT are provided.
When an overload signal voltage (or overcurrent signal voltage) is input to the input terminal, the full-wave rectifier 131 performs full-wave rectification and the voltage-dividing resistor 132 divides the voltage. When the divided voltage exceeds the operating voltage of the Zener diode 133 (corresponding to the threshold value of the present invention), the Zener diode 133 is energized. Then, an overload signal (or an overcurrent signal) is output to the output terminal OUT via the backflow prevention diode 134.
When an overload signal (or overcurrent signal) is input to the input terminal C1IN (or input terminal C2IN) of the power controller 60 (or regenerative brake controller 70), the PUT 64 (or regenerative brake controller 70) of the power controller 60 (or regenerative brake controller 70). As the operating voltage of the PUT 74 increases, the rising voltage of the PUT 64 (or PUT 74) set by the first command signal (or the second command signal) increases and the duty ratio decreases. As a result, a power supply signal (or regenerative signal) with a reduced duty ratio is output from the output terminal OUT (or first output terminal HOUT, second output terminal LOUT) of the power controller 60 (or regenerative brake controller 70). The load current (or regenerative current) of the field winding set is suppressed.
On the other hand, when the overload or overcurrent is eliminated and a normal load signal voltage (or current signal voltage) is input to the input terminal, the divided voltage of the voltage dividing resistor 132 becomes equal to or lower than the operating voltage of the Zener diode 133, and the output terminal OUT Does not output an overload signal (or overcurrent signal). Therefore, the operating voltage of the PUT 64 (or PUT 74) of the input terminal C1IN (or input terminal C2IN) of the power controller 60 (or regenerative brake controller 70) is PUT64 (or second command signal) set by the first command signal (or second command signal). Alternatively, the power supply signal (or regenerative signal) having a duty ratio corresponding to the first command signal (or the second command signal) is output.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a segment according to the present embodiment.
A segment 3 shown in FIG. 10 is formed by a power supply terminal PIN for obtaining power from the DC power supply 10 and two field windings facing each other with the rotor 1 interposed therebetween. When a load current flows, one is an N pole and the other is A field winding set 20 that is magnetized to the S pole, a switching unit 17 including four

switching elements

31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d, and a Hall element 18 that detects a magnetic pole of the magnet and has an input terminal IN and an output terminal OUT. A pulse transformer 32 that is connected to the output terminal OUT of the Hall element 18, cuts an unbalanced current included in the power feeding signal, and outputs a power feeding signal having a voltage necessary for driving the switching element 31, and a field winding set. 20, a load current detection transformer 33 for detecting a load current flowing through the output 20, an output terminal C 1 OUT for outputting the detected load current, and an output terminal R for the AC power induced in the field winding set 20. Comprising a UT, the respective switching elements 31a of the switching

unit

17, 31b, 31c, the 31d, freewheeling diodes 35 for bypassing a surge voltage or the like are connected in parallel.
The load current detection transformer 33 detects a load current flowing in both directions through the field winding set 20 as the switching element 31 is intermittently conducted, and sends the detected load current to the overload limiter 130.
The switching unit 17 of a certain segment 3 has one or more field windings arranged in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor 1 before the field winding group 20 belonging to the segment 3. A power supply signal corresponding to the magnetic pole detected by the Hall element 18 installed near or in the center of the field magnetic pole around which the set 20 is wound is sent. On the other hand, the feed signal to which the polarity is given by the magnetic pole detected by the Hall element 18 installed in the vicinity or the center of the field magnetic pole of the field winding set 20 belonging to a certain segment 3 in the rotation direction of the rotor 1. The field winding set 20 arranged one or more ahead of the field winding set 20 included in the segment 3 is sent to the switching unit 17 of another segment 3 to which the field winding set 20 belongs.
Now, when a positive power supply signal is sent to the switching unit 17 of the segment 3, the

switching elements

31a and 31c are operated, the rotor 1 rotates, the magnetic pole of the magnet is reversed, and the negative power is supplied from the Hall element 18. When a signal is sent, the switching

elements

31b and 31d are activated. As a result, a load current in the same direction intermittently flows in the field winding set 20 for the energization time corresponding to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and torque is generated in the rotor 1. Further, during the non-energization time between the energization time and the energization time, since AC power is induced in the field winding set 20, other field windings are connected via the freewheel diode 35 connected in parallel. Used as load current for wire assembly.
On the other hand, AC power (regenerative power) induced in the field winding set 20 is output from the output terminal ROUT immediately after the power supply to the field winding set 20 is stopped.

FIG. 11 is a regenerative power controller showing an example of the regenerative power control unit of the present embodiment.
The regenerative power controller 90 shown in FIG. 11 performs voltage doubler rectification on the regenerative power input from each segment 3 and outputs the regenerative power. The regenerative power output from the output terminal ROUT of the segment 3 is input to the input terminal RIN. , an output terminal HOUT of the regenerative brake controller 70, an input terminal for inputting a high regeneration signal and a low pressure regeneration signal output from the LOUT HIN, and LIN, and detection transformer 92 for detecting a regenerative current, outputs the detected regenerative current An output terminal C2OUT, a pair of switching

elements

93 and 94 that are turned on by a high-voltage regeneration signal and a low-voltage regeneration signal, respectively, and a safety resistor 95 that controls the currents of the gate and cathode of each of the pair of switching

elements

93 and 94, , Four diodes 96 for full-wave rectification of the regenerative current of the positive and negative regenerative power, A primary capacitor 97 that charges each negative current individually, a large-capacity capacitor 98 that obtains a double voltage charge by the charge charged in the primary capacitor 97, and a double voltage output terminal VOUT are provided.
When a high voltage regeneration signal and a low voltage regeneration signal are input to the pair of switching

elements

93 and 94, the pair of switching

elements

93 and 94 are intermittently conducted according to the duty ratio of the regeneration signal, and the AC power is charged to the primary capacitor 97 only when the pair is turned on. . The electric charge charged in the primary capacitor 97 is stored in the large-capacitance capacitor 98 via the

diodes

99a and 99b.
Here, the output voltage is doubled when charging the secondary battery of the DC power supply 10 with the charge of the large-capacity capacitor 98 so that the charge voltage is higher than the voltage of the secondary battery. is there.
If the force applied to the pressing member 89 is weakened after the pressing member 89 in the command signal generating unit 8 of the present embodiment is stepped on more than a certain level, a second command signal is issued and the regenerative brake is activated. Since the strength of the regenerative brake changes according to the amount of regenerative power consumed, it acts weakly and intermittently conducts when the switching

elements

93 and 94 are intermittently conducted for a short time (when the duty ratio is small). When the operation time is long (when the duty ratio is large), it acts strongly. Therefore, when applied to an accelerator pedal of an electric vehicle, the same feeling as engine braking can be obtained.

FIG. 12 is a battery charge voltage controller showing an example of the charging unit of the present embodiment.
A battery charge voltage controller 150 shown in FIG. 12 includes an input terminal VIN to which a double voltage is input from the output terminal VOUT of the regenerative power controller 90, an output terminal BAT connected to the secondary battery, and two switching

elements

151 and 152.

Resistors

153 and 154 that maintain the gate voltage of the first switching element 151 at 0, voltage divider resistors 155 and 156 that divide the voltage of the secondary battery and set a charging voltage, a zener diode 157, A resistor 158 that keeps the gate voltage of the second switching element 152 at 0 when the Zener diode 157 is OFF, and a large-capacitance capacitor 159 that stores charges corresponding to load fluctuations are provided.
When the voltage of the secondary battery rises, the voltages of the voltage dividing resistors 155 and 156 become the charging completion voltage, and the Zener diode 157 is energized, the second switching element 152 is turned on, and the gate of the first switching element 151 The voltage becomes zero and charging stops.

[Second Embodiment]
Below, 2nd Embodiment of the direct-current regeneration motor of this invention is described.
The DC regenerative motor of the second embodiment has a function of switching the rotation direction, and the rotation direction switch of the present invention is applied to realize the function.
In the DC regenerative motor according to the first embodiment, the power feeding signal output from the Hall element is supplied to a specific switching unit, and the load current in one specific field winding set connected to the switching unit. Used for energization. On the other hand, in the DC regenerative motor of the second embodiment, the power supply signal output from the Hall element is supplied to one of the two specific switching units via the selection unit of the rotation direction switch. After that, it is different in that it is used for energizing a load current in one specific field winding set connected to each switching unit. However, since the other configurations are common, the differences will be described, and duplicate descriptions of common portions will be omitted.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a main part of a DC regenerative motor according to a second embodiment to which an example of the rotation direction switching device of the present invention is applied.
The DC regenerative motor of the second embodiment, the main part of which is shown in FIG. 13, detects the rotor 1 provided with the magnetic pole 1e, the stator 2 provided with the field winding 2f, and the magnetic pole 1e of the rotor 1. The Hall element 18 to be rotated, the rotation direction switch 40, the switching unit 19 for controlling the load current of the field winding 2f by the feeding signal of the Hall element 18, the chopper signal input terminal CIN, the DC power supply connection terminal DIN, And an inner rotor type in which the rotor 1 is disposed inside the stator 2.
In the rotor 1, two N poles and two S poles of a permanent magnet are alternately arranged around the rotation axis with a certain gap (M).
In the stator 2, 24 field poles are arranged opposite to the rotor 1 across the slot, and the field windings 2 f wound around the 24 field poles form six field winding sets 20. is doing. The distance (L) between the center portions (or slot center portions) of the field poles is constant, and L is smaller than the interval (M) between the N pole and the S pole arranged in the rotor 1. . The field winding 2f wound around each of the 24 field poles is arranged at a position rotated 90 degrees from a pair of field windings 2f arranged at symmetrical positions with the rotor 1 interposed therebetween. Four field windings 2f composed of a pair of field windings 2f (not shown in FIG. 13 for the sake of complexity) are connected in parallel to form six sets of field windings. A set 20 is formed. Each of the pair of field windings 2f in each of the six sets of field windings 20 is magnetized in the same phase, and each of the other pair of field windings 2f is magnetized in the opposite phase. A load current is supplied from the DC power supply connection terminal DIN so that a rotating magnetic field is formed.
Here, one pair of field windings 2f forming the field winding set 20 of the present embodiment is simultaneously magnetized to N pole (or S pole), and the other pair of field windings 2f. Are configured to be magnetized to the S pole (or N pole) at the same time, but are not necessarily limited to this configuration.
The Hall element 18 has an input terminal for inputting a chopper signal, and when the magnetic pole 1e of the rotor 1 is detected with the chopper signal being input to the input terminal, the strength (including polarity) of the magnetic pole 1e and the chopper are detected. An output terminal that outputs a feed signal proportional to the product of the signal magnitude, and can detect the position of the magnetic pole of the rotor 1 without being affected by the rotating magnetic field formed in the field winding 2f. Placed in position.
Therefore, if the duty ratio of the chopper signal input to the hall element 18 is changed, the torque of the motor changes, so that the rotational speed can be accelerated and decelerated.
Here, the Hall element 18 of the present embodiment is disposed near or in the center of the field pole, but a slot is included in the vicinity of the field pole.

When the polarity of the power feeding signal at the output terminal of the Hall element 18 is positive, the switching unit 19 includes two switching

elements

31a and 31c that change the energization time according to the duty ratio of the power feeding signal, and the polarity of the power feeding signal is negative. At this time, it has two switching

elements

31b and 31d that change the energization time according to the duty ratio of the power supply signal. Each switching

element

31a, 31b, 31c, 31d switches the direction of the load current supplied to the field winding set 20 according to the magnetic pole 1e of the rotor 1, while the load current energizing time is changed according to the duty ratio. Change. In addition, a free wheel diode 35 that bypasses a surge voltage or the like is connected in parallel to each switching

element

31a, 31b, 31c, 31d.
When a positive power supply signal is sent from the hall element 18 to the switching unit 19, the

switching elements

31a and 31c are operated, the rotor 1 rotates and the magnetic pole 1e is reversed, and a negative power supply signal is transmitted from the hall element 18. When sent, the switching

elements

31b and 31d are activated. As a result, the load current intermittently flows in the field winding set 20 for the energizing time corresponding to the duty ratio of the power supply signal, and the rotor 1 generates a torque corresponding thereto. Further, during the non-energization time between the energization time and the energization time, AC power is induced in the field winding set 20, so that the induced power passes through the free wheel diode 35 to other field magnets. This is utilized as a load current of the winding set 20.
Here, in the DC synchronous motor to which the present embodiment is applied, the distance (M) between the N pole and the S pole of the rotor 1 is the central portion of each of the field poles arranged across the slots of the stator 2. Since it is larger than the distance (L) between each other, the load current is controlled by the feeding signal of the Hall element 18, and a magnetization pause time always occurs at the transition of the magnetic pole magnetized by the field winding set 20. As a result, the same field winding 2f is configured not to receive simultaneously the force attracting the magnetic pole 1e of the rotor 1 and the repulsive force.

The rotation direction switch 40 includes six switches (corresponding to the selectors of the present invention) 41a to 41f that switch the field winding group 20 whose load current is controlled by the switching unit 19 in accordance with the power supply signal of the Hall element 18. And a relay (which corresponds to a selector switching unit of the present invention) 42 that switches the selection unit 41 all at once in response to a rotation direction command. The details will be described later.
Here, the contact of the switch 41a is connected to the switching unit 19 that supplies a load current to the field winding 2f that is one ahead in the forward and reverse rotation directions with respect to the field pole. You may connect to the switching part 19 which supplies load current to the line 2f. Moreover, although the rotation direction switch 40 of this embodiment uses the selection part 41 and the relay 42, you may use a rotary type multi-contact switch, or may use another switching method.
In the DC regenerative motor according to the present embodiment, the number of magnetic poles P of the rotor is set to 4, the number of field poles Q of the stator is set to 24, and the number of Hall elements H is set to 6, respectively. The number Q of the child field poles and the number H of the Hall elements do not necessarily need to be combinations of 4, 24, and 6, respectively. Further, the number of magnetic poles P of the rotor is not necessarily 4 and may be a multiple of 2. That is, P, Q, H, M, and L are set so as to satisfy the following three conditions, and field windings are connected in series or in parallel by Q / H to form a field winding set. It is preferable to supply a load current for each field winding set, thereby making it possible to obtain a large rotational torque efficiently.
[3 conditions]
Condition 1; H is equal to or smaller than Q / P.
Condition 2: M is equal to or greater than L, where M is the distance between the N and S poles, and L is the distance between the central portions of the field poles arranged across the slot. thing.
Condition 3: Q and H are selected so that Q / H is an integer.

FIG. 14 is a connection state diagram of a contact point of a relay shown as one embodiment of the rotation direction switch of the present invention, and FIG. 15 is an operation circuit diagram of the relay shown as one embodiment of the rotation direction switch of the present invention. is there.
In FIG. 14, two terminals connected to one terminal of the pair of input terminals of the Hall elements 18a to 18f, one terminal of the pair of output terminals, and the output terminals of the Hall elements 18a to 18f. One of the switches is omitted for convenience of explanation.
The selection unit 41 shown in FIG. 14 includes six switches 41a to 41f. The switches 41a to 41f include an input terminal IN for signals output from the hall elements 18a to 18f and two contacts that are switched by the operation of the relay 12. Each of the first contacts (closed contacts in the figure) is one ahead of the field winding (K) in which each Hall element 18a to 18f is installed in the vicinity or the center thereof in the forward rotation direction. Each of the second contacts (open contacts in the figure) connected to switching units 19a to 19f for supplying a load current to the arranged field winding is more than the field winding (K). In the reverse rotation direction, it is connected to switching units 19e to 19d for supplying a load current to the field winding arranged one ahead. Further, the switching units 19a to 19f are connected to a common DC source 10.
Further, the input terminals of the Hall elements 18a to 18f are connected to the common chopper signal generator 5, and the output terminals are connected to the switches 41a to 41f of the selector 41.
Here, the contacts of the switches 41a to 41f of the present embodiment are connected to the switching units 19a to 19f for supplying a load current to the field winding one forward in the forward and reverse rotation directions with respect to the field pole. Further, it may be connected to switching units 19a to 19f that supply a load current to the field windings that are two forward in the forward and reverse rotation directions with respect to the field pole. Moreover, although the rotation direction switch 40 of this embodiment uses the relay 42 and the selection part 41 which consists of a contact of the relay 42, you may use a rotary multi-contact switch.

The DC synchronous motor of this embodiment has 24 field windings, and four field windings are connected in parallel to form six field winding sets 20a to 20f. That is, among the 1st to 24th field windings wound around the 1st to 24th field poles sequentially arranged in the positive rotation direction, the 1st, 7th, and 1st 13th and 19th field windings, 2nd, 8th, 14th and 20th field windings, 3rd, 9th, 15th and 21st fields 4th, 10th, 16th and 22nd field windings, 5th, 11th, 17th and 23rd field windings, 6th and The twelfth, eighteenth and twenty-fourth field windings are connected in parallel. The first field winding set 20a including the second, eighth, fourteenth, and twentieth field windings is supplied with a load current from the first switching unit 19a, and the third The second field winding set 20b composed of the ninth, fifteenth, fifteenth and twenty-first field windings is supplied with a load current from the second switching portion 19b, and the fourth and tenth The third field winding set 20c composed of the 16th, 16th and 22nd field windings is supplied with a load current from the third switching portion 19c. Further, the fourth field winding set 20d composed of the fifth, eleventh, seventeenth and twenty-third field windings is supplied with a load current from the fourth switching section 19d, and the sixth The fifth field winding set 20e composed of the th, twelfth, eighteenth and twenty-fourth field windings is supplied with the load current from the fifth switching section 19e, and the first and seventh The sixth field winding set 20f including the th, thirteenth and nineteenth field windings is supplied with a load current from the sixth switching unit 19f.

Therefore, the power supply signal output from the Hall element 18 is supplied to one of the two specific switching units 19 via the selection unit 41 of the rotation direction switch 40, and then the Hall element 18 is in the vicinity. Alternatively, it is used for energizing a load current to the field winding group 20 including the field winding in the rotational direction of the rotor 1 and one field ahead of the field magnetic pole (field winding) installed at the center.
That is, the feeding signal of the Hall element 18a arranged near or in the center of the first field pole is connected to the first switching unit 19a or the fifth switching unit 19e by the contact of the switch 41a, and the second The feeding signal of the Hall element 18b arranged near or in the center of the field pole is connected to the second switching unit 19b or the sixth switching unit 19f by the contact of the switch 41b, and near or at the center of the third field pole. The power supply signal of the hall element 18c arranged in is connected to the third switching unit 19c or the first switching unit 19a by the contact of the switch 41c. In addition, the feeding signal of the Hall element 18d arranged near or in the center of the fourth field pole is connected to the fourth switching unit 19d or the second switching unit 19b by the contact of the switch 41d, and the fifth The feeding signal of the Hall element 18e arranged in the vicinity or center of the field pole is connected to the fifth switching unit 19b or the third switching unit 19c by the contact of the switch 41e, and in the vicinity or center of the sixth field pole. The power supply signal of the Hall element 18f arranged at is connected to the sixth switching unit 19f or the fourth switching unit 19d through the contact of the switch 41f.
The first field winding set 20a receives a first power supply signal from the first Hall element 18a (in the forward rotation direction) or a third power supply signal from the third Hall element 18c (in the reverse rotation direction). A load current is supplied from one switching unit 19a. The second field winding set 20b receives a second feeding signal from the second Hall element 18b (in the forward rotation direction) or a feeding signal from the fourth Hall element 18d (in the reverse rotation direction). A load current is supplied from the switching unit 19b. Further, the third field winding set 20c receives a power supply signal of the third Hall element 18c (in the forward rotation direction) or a power supply signal of the fifth Hall element 18e (in the reverse rotation direction). The load current is supplied from the three switching units 19c. The fourth field winding set 20d receives a fourth feeding element (during the forward rotation direction) of the fourth Hall element 18d or a fourth feeding element (during the reverse rotation direction) of the sixth Hall element. A load current is supplied from the switching unit 19d. Also, the fifth field winding set 20e receives a power supply signal from the fifth Hall element 18e (in the forward rotation direction) or a power supply signal from the third Hall element 18c (in the reverse rotation direction). The load current is supplied from the five switching units 19e. Further, the sixth field winding set 20f receives a power supply signal of the sixth Hall element 18f (in the forward rotation direction) or a power supply signal of the second Hall element 18b (in the reverse rotation direction). The load current is supplied from the six switching units 19f. As a result, one pair of field windings among the four field windings of each of the field winding groups 20a to 20f supplied with the load current has the magnetic poles detected by the Hall elements 18a to 18f. Magnetized in the opposite polarity, the other pair of field windings are magnetized in the same polarity as the magnetic poles detected by the Hall elements 18a to 18f.

The relay 42 shown in FIG. 15 is connected to the resistor R and the DC power source E via a lever (command signal generation unit) 43 that commands the rotation direction. When the lever 43 is tilted and the contact is closed, the relay 42 is operated. When the lever 43 is raised and the contact is opened, the relay 42 is restored. The relay 42 has at least twelve switches that have contacts that close all at once when operated and open all at once when returned, and all contacts that close all at once and open all at once when operated. The switches and contacts constitute the switches 41a to 41f and the contacts in the selection unit 41 in FIG.
Here, the lever 43 that tilts to both sides is used, and the lever 43 is closed when the lever 43 is tilted to one side and returned to the neutral when the lever 43 is raised (or when the power is cut off), and the lever 43 A relay 42 may be used that has a contact that closes when tilted to the other side and returns to neutral when the lever 43 is raised (or when power is cut off).
FIG. 16 is a plan view of a fixed portion of a rotary switch shown as another embodiment of the rotation direction switch of the present invention, and FIG. 17 shows a rotary switch shown as another embodiment of the rotation direction switch of the present invention. It is a bottom view of a rotation part.
FIG. 16 is a bottom view of a rotary switch rotating unit as another example of the rotation direction switching device 40 of the present embodiment.
The rotary switch fixing portion 45 shown in FIG. 16 has a shaft 46 at the center, and six contact points (represented by white circles in the drawing. These contact points are shown below) on two concentric circles around the shaft 46. and.) referred to as "white circles 45a ', one contact on each sides of the white circles 45a (. expressed in Oguro circle in the drawings below, these contacts is referred to as" small solid circle 45b ".) it is placed. These white circles 45a correspond to the output terminals of the Hall elements 18a to 18f shown in FIG. 14, but one of the contacts of the switches 41a to 41f in FIG. 14 is connected to the output terminals of the Hall elements 18a to 18f. On the other hand, the white circle 45a is a neutral point that is not connected to any of the small black circles 45b. On the other hand, the small black circle 45b corresponds to the twelve contacts of the six switches 41a to 41f connected to the six switching sections 19a to 19f. Open circles 45a also small solid circles 45b also in two concentric circles, are arranged radially, of Oguro round 45b of concentric, small solid circles 45b mutually connected to a first switching unit 19a or the fifth switching unit 19e, small solid circles 45b mutually connected to the second switching unit 19b or the sixth switching unit 19f, small solid circles 45b mutually connected to the third switching unit 19 or the first switching unit 19a, a fourth switching unit 19d or small solid circles 45b mutually connected to the second switching unit 19b, the fifth switching unit 19b or the third small solid circles 45b mutually connected to the switching unit 19c, the sixth switching section 19f or the fourth switching unit The small black circles 45b connected to 19d are connected by lead wires 49, respectively.

The rotary part 48 of the rotary switch whose bottom surface is shown in FIG. 17 has a rotary shaft 49 fitted to the rotary switch fixing part 45 at the center, and six radially, two concentric circles around the rotary shaft 49. Connection points (represented by large black circles in the figure. These connection points are hereinafter referred to as “large black circles 47a”) are arranged. A large black circle 47a is a connection point to which the output terminals of the Hall elements 18a to 18f shown in FIG. 14 are connected. In the rotary switch of this embodiment, the rotating shaft 49 of the rotating portion 48 is fitted to the shaft 46 of the fixed portion 45, and normally, the neutral circle 45a of the fixed portion 45 and the large black circle 47a of the rotating portion 48 are in contact with each other. Is in a state. When the rotating unit 48 is rotated to the left and right, the large black circles 47a of the rotating unit 48 move to the small black circles 45b disposed adjacent to the left and right of the white circles 45a of the fixed unit 45, and contact each other. Therefore, by rotating the rotating unit 48 to the left and right, it is possible to issue a command for switching the rotation direction of the electric motor.

The DC regenerative motor and the rotation direction switch of the present invention can be widely used not only for electric vehicles but also for OA equipment, AV equipment, PC peripheral equipment, home appliances, industrial equipment, and the like.

1

rotor 1a magnet

1b, 83 rotary shaft 1c lock pin 1d groove 1e pole 2 stator

2a field core

2b locking groove 2c cylindrical space 2d slot 2e field pole 2f field winding 3 segments 4 DC-DC converter 5 chopper signal Generation unit 6 Power supply signal generation unit 7 Regenerative signal generation unit 8 Command signal generation unit 9 Regenerative power control unit 10 DC power source 11 Load current detection unit 12 Regenerative current detection unit 13 Overload current limiting unit 14 Overcurrent limiting unit 15 Charging unit 16

Detection unit

17, 19, 19a to

19f Switching unit

18, 18a to

18f Hall element

20, 20a to 20f Field winding set 31, 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 93, 94 Switching element
32, 52, 79 Pulse transformer 33 Load

current detection transformer

35, 62, 72 Free wheel diode 40 Rotation direction switch 41 Selection section 41a to 41f Switch 42 Relay 43 Lever 45 Fixed section 45a White circle 45b Small black circle 46 Shaft 47 Rotation section 47a Daikokumaru 48 axis of rotation
49 Lead wire 50 Chopper signal oscillator 51

Multivibrator

53, 131 Full wave rectifier 60

Power controller

61, 71 SCR
63, 73, 153, 154, 158

Resistor

64, 74 PUT
65, 75, 132, 155, 156

Voltage dividing resistor

66, 76 Load resistor
67, 77 Time

constant circuit

68, 78 Variable resistor 69 Forward / reverse switch 70

Regenerative brake controller

79a, 96, 99a, 99b Diode 80 Control pedal 81 Winding guide 82

Slide resistor

82a, 82b Slide resistor lead wire

82c Neutral zone

82d Resistance surface 84 Slide lead 84a84b Lead wire of slide lead 85 Rod-shaped body 86 Flexible tube 87 Wire 88 Support point 89 Pedal
90 Regenerative power limiter 92 Detection transformer 95 Safety resistor 97

Primary capacitor

98, 159 Large-capacity capacitor 130 Overload limiter (or overcurrent limiter)
133, 157 Zener diode 134 Backflow prevention diode
150 battery charge voltage controller 151 first switching element 152 second switching element

Claims

A rotor in which N poles and S poles are arranged at regular intervals and a field winding wound around each of a plurality of field poles facing the rotor and excited by direct current are connected in series or in parallel. A brushless direct current regenerative motor having a stator in which a plurality of field winding sets are arranged,
When a command based on the magnitude of the force is received and the received force exceeds a predetermined value, a first command signal in which the characteristic value of the linear element changes in proportion to the magnitude of the force exceeding the predetermined value is generated, A command signal generator that generates a second command signal in which the characteristic value of the linear element changes in proportion to the magnitude of the force below the predetermined value when the received force is less than or equal to the predetermined value;
A power supply signal generation unit that outputs a power supply signal having a duty ratio according to the first command signal;
A regenerative signal generator that outputs a regenerative signal having a duty ratio according to the second command signal;
The magnetic pole of the rotor is detected in the vicinity or the center of the field magnetic pole wound with one field winding forming one field winding set of the field winding sets, and the power supply signal A detection unit that outputs a signal with either positive or negative polarity, and switches the direction of the load current supplied from the DC power source to the field winding set according to the polarity of the power supply signal output from the detection unit. A switching unit that intermittently energizes the load current according to a duty ratio of the power supply signal, and a load current detection unit that detects the magnitude of the load current flowing through the field winding set, Segments deployed in each magnetic winding set;
A regenerative power control unit that rectifies the AC power induced in each of the field winding groups according to a duty ratio of the regenerative signal and stores the AC power in a capacitor, according to the duty ratio of the first command signal. The DC regenerative motor is driven to rotate and is regeneratively braked according to the duty ratio of the second command signal.
The regenerative signal generator generates two regenerative signals that differ only in voltage at the same duty ratio,
The regenerative power control unit includes a pair of switching elements that are intermittently energized by the voltages of the regenerative signals, a pair of capacitors that store the power energized by each of the switching elements, and a power storage in the pair of capacitors. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 1, further comprising a large-capacity capacitor that obtains a double voltage charge by the generated charge.
The command signal generator includes a sliding resistor in which a resistor is formed on a parallel strip-shaped sliding surface, and a resistance value is changed by a sliding member that slides both the sliding surfaces in the length direction, and a force A control member that slides the slide member in accordance with the received force when the received force exceeds the predetermined value, the predetermined value is exceeded. The first command signal is generated by the first resistor whose resistance value decreases in proportion to the magnitude of the force, and when the received force is less than or equal to the predetermined value, the magnitude of the force below the predetermined value 3. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 1, wherein the second command signal is generated by a second resistor whose resistance value decreases in proportion to the length.
The detection unit of one of the segments gives and outputs a positive or negative polarity to the power supply signal according to the detected magnetic pole, and the output of the power supply signal is another one. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 1, wherein the DC regenerative motor is input to the switching unit of the segment.
When the load current detected by the load current detection unit exceeds a threshold, an overload current limiting unit that outputs an overload signal,
The power supply signal generation unit decreases the duty ratio of the power supply signal when the overload signal is input, and reduces the duty ratio of the power supply signal according to the first command signal when the overload signal is canceled. 3. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 1, wherein the DC regenerative motor is increased to a high duty ratio.
A regenerative current detector for detecting an AC regenerative current flowing through each of the field winding sets after stopping power feeding from the DC power source to the field winding set;
An overcurrent limiting unit that outputs an overcurrent signal when the regenerative current detected by the regenerative current detection unit exceeds a threshold; and
The regenerative signal generation unit decreases the duty ratio of the regenerative signal when the overcurrent signal is input, and reduces the duty ratio of the regenerative signal according to the second command signal when the overcurrent signal is canceled. 3. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 1, wherein the DC regenerative motor is increased to a high duty ratio.
The detection unit includes a Hall element having an input terminal for inputting the power supply signal, and an output terminal for outputting the power supply signal input from the input unit with a polarity corresponding to the detected magnetic pole,
The switching unit is energized in the first direction when the polarity of the feeding signal output from the Hall element is positive, and energized in the second direction when the polarity of the feeding signal is negative. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 1, further comprising a second switching element.
Of the plurality of field winding sets, the first switching unit for switching the direction of the load current supplied to the first field winding set and the direction of the load current supplied to the second field winding set A selection unit including a plurality of selectors for selecting any one of the second switching units to be switched;
The selector switching part which act | operates in response to the instruction | command which concerns on the rotation direction of the said rotor, and makes each said selector select the said any one switching part was provided. The described DC regenerative motor.
Each of the selectors is connected to the first field winding set via the first switching unit and to the second field winding set via the second switching unit. Having a second contact,
The selector switching unit closes the first contact and opens the second contact when receiving a command relating to the forward rotation direction, and opens the first contact when receiving a command relating to the reverse rotation direction. 9. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 8, wherein the contact is closed.
The one detection unit is installed near or in the center of a field pole around which one field winding forming one field winding set of the field winding sets is wound. And
The first field winding set includes a field wound around one or two field poles in the forward rotation direction with respect to the field pole in which the one detection unit is installed in the vicinity or center. The second field winding set includes a field winding wound around one or two field poles in the reverse rotation direction with respect to the field pole. The DC regenerative motor according to claim 8.
A plurality of field magnets formed by connecting a plurality of field windings arranged at equal intervals in opposition to a rotor in which N poles and S poles are alternately arranged at a certain interval, connected in series or in parallel. A load current supplied to each winding set is controlled by each output signal output from each of a plurality of Hall elements that detect the magnetic pole position of the rotor to form a rotating magnetic field,
A rotation direction switch for switching the rotation direction of an electric motor to obtain a predetermined rotation speed,
A selector for selecting one of the first field winding group and the second field winding group whose load current is controlled by an output signal output from one of the plurality of Hall elements. A plurality of selection units,
A rotation direction switch, comprising: a selector switching unit that operates in response to a command related to the rotation direction and selects each of the field winding groups for each of the selectors.
Each of the selectors has a first contact connected to the first field winding set and a second contact connected to the second field winding set,
The selector switching unit closes the first contact and opens the second contact when receiving a command relating to the forward rotation direction, and opens the first contact when receiving a command relating to the reverse rotation direction. The rotation direction switch according to claim 11, wherein the contact is closed.
The one hall element is installed in the vicinity or the center of a field pole around which one field winding forming one field winding set of the field winding sets is wound. And
The first field winding set includes a field wound around one or two field poles in the forward rotation direction with respect to the field pole in which the one Hall element is installed in the vicinity or center. The second field winding set includes a field winding wound around one or two field poles in the reverse rotation direction with respect to the field pole. The rotation direction switching device according to claim 11.