CN101662199B - Single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor with starting winding - Google Patents
Single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor with starting winding Download PDFInfo
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- CN101662199B CN101662199B CN2009101529346A CN200910152934A CN101662199B CN 101662199 B CN101662199 B CN 101662199B CN 2009101529346 A CN2009101529346 A CN 2009101529346A CN 200910152934 A CN200910152934 A CN 200910152934A CN 101662199 B CN101662199 B CN 101662199B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor with a starting winding. The single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor is a single-phase variable reluctance double-salient pole motor which comprises a stator and a rotor; the salient pole of the stator is provided with an exciting winding; the salient pole of the rotor is provided with the starting winding specially used for starting; the starting winding is connected with an electric brush; and the current direction of the starting winding and the line of the magnetic force of a magnetic field formed by the exciting winding form a tangency relation. The single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor with the starting winding does not need to be assisted by an external force when starting and is convenient to be used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single-phase switch reluctance machine, but relate to the direct current machine operation principle when starting, and start the back by the operation of biconvex utmost point variable reluctance motor principle.
Background technology
Electric automobile is a kind of vehicles of energy-saving and emission-reduction, has obtained the extensive attention of countries in the world at present, and is acknowledged as the following automobile of energy-saving and environmental protection.The arbitrary class electric automobile that is comprised all needs to come drive wheels to travel with motor as actuator.Therefore innovation and creation a kind of sturdy and durable, effect is high, cost is low, and has electronic, electrification feedback and the multi-functional motor of electromagnetic braking simultaneously concurrently, to improving the electric automobile cost performance, it is very useful making its penetration and promotion
Efficiency of transmission is the highest, response is directly and fast because electric automobile employing wheel hub motor has, and makes that multiple automotive performance optimal control is easy to realize; And adopt wheel hub motor not only to save a large amount of mechanical part costs, alleviate automotive dead weight, can also vacate many useful spaces and be convenient to the vehicle structure layout, help reducing automobile barycenter and bodywork height.But, particularly when big, the specific volume power of motor is had higher requirement for driving power because wheel hub motor limits by its structural volume.
In view of the single-phase switch reluctance machine has simple in structure, firm reliable, low cost of manufacture, specific volume power height (its magnetic circuit utilance height), and the cost of its driving governor is also minimum, the efficient advantages of higher.(with reference to China Patent No. is the utility model patent of ZL 200820120855.8 by its operation principle, disclosed have concurrently electronic, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine of electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions), according to measured rotor with salient pole relative stator salient pole position angle relation, control stator winding electric current can be realized motor-driven equally on a motor in good time, electrification feedback, three kinds of functions of electromagnetic braking, and when realizing that by its structure electromagnetic braking makes winding continue energising, it is fixed, salient pole on the rotor circumference is inhaled mutually with electromagnetism and total polar arc back gauge after each polar arc addition of overlapping fully can be many greater than polyphase machine, can reach easily more than 180 degree, even the electromagnetic braking effect is higher, and the braking procedure that electrification feedback combines with electromagnetic braking, be similar to the anti-lock braking system ABS in the Modern Car and drive the braking procedure that antislip is controlled ASR, promptly not only realized energy recuperation, main vehicle run stability and the steer ability of also having improved.Good electromagnetic braking can reduce original mechanical brake usage frequency significantly.Be expected to original mechanical brake remodeling for this reason or move outward, only be used for automobile emergency braking and parking braking.Making can have more space power supply machine layout usefulness in the hub for vehicle wheel.But the disadvantage of single-phase switch reluctance machine is not have self-starting function.Once had and introduced the structure that adopts permanent magnetic material to make assistant starting, and between rotor pole, embed aluminium block or copper billet utilizes the eddy current reluctance torque to make auxiliary starter etc., but these class methods all make the specific volume power of motor reduce, and effect is all undesirable, and motor also can only folk prescription to running.Make this cheapness thus and efficiency motors is difficult to enter practicability.
Summary of the invention
Do not have the defective of self-starting in order to overcome the single-phase switch reluctance machine, the invention provides a kind of single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor that starts winding that has.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor with startup winding, described single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor is single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator and rotor, on the stator salient poles of stator excitation winding is installed, the startup winding that is exclusively used in startup is installed on the rotor with salient pole of rotor, described startup winding connects brush, and the magnetic line of force in the magnetic field that the sense of current of described startup winding and described excitation winding form is tangent relation.
Further, described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine is the hub-type motor, described rotor is positioned at the stator outside, described rotor comprises external rotor and following external rotor, described excitation winding is looped around on the salient pole of described stator, ring connecting line in described startup winding comprises, outer shroud connecting line and distributing line, the ring connecting line is positioned at the inner ring of the salient pole of the described salient pole of going up external rotor and following external rotor in described, described outer shroud connecting line is positioned at the outer ring of the salient pole of the described salient pole of going up external rotor and following external rotor, described distributing line encircles in described between connecting line and the outer shroud connecting line, and described distributing line is arranged on the plane of described rotor with salient pole.
Described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: increase the winding be exclusively used in startup on the described rotor, because winding is on rotor, the input of power supply still need pass through brush, but owing to only use in the very short time that starts, brush intrinsic drawback influence also just very little.Make motor principle work by DC motor when starting, be the excitation winding of stator winding elder generation as direct current machine, the rotor winding is as armature winding, after the rotor winding feeds electric current, press electrical conductor produces electromagnetic force in magnetic field direct current machine operation principle startup, make motor turn over very little (balance) angle, though the rotor outage, " magnetic resistance minimum principle " the operation work of pressing variable reluctance motor again by stator winding.According to adopting the series excitation mode to have good starting characteristic in the direct current machine, just suit to select for use this mode to start at this.After electric motor starting enters normal operation, can make this cheapness and the high single-phase switch reluctance machine of specific volume power by biconvex utmost point variable reluctance motor principle, and be the utility model patent of ZL 200820120855.8 with reference to China Patent No., disclosed have concurrently electronic, the adjustable speed electric rotating machine control method of electrification feedback and electro-magnetic braking functions, according to the in good time break-make stator current of rotor position detection signal, equally also can obtain electronic, electrification feedback, electromagnetic braking multi-functional, and the rotating of motor can the electrical current direction to the rotor winding start when starting, and controls its rotating according to the rotor position detection signal by the operation logic of switched reluctance machines.This is a kind of by the operation of biconvex utmost point change magnetic resistance principle, and the composite type innovation motor that utilizes the direct current machine operation principle to start.
As a kind of embodiment with reference to Figure of description.Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of single-phase switch reluctance machine of outer-rotor structure, the winding of its stator is a loop coil, be wound in the groove of stator core cylindrical, winding energising back forms axially and mixing magnetic flux radially, can improve motor effect with volume significantly as tray type structure.And but stator winding adopts also simplified manufacturing technique of this Gramme winding, reduces its cost.External rotor is assembled by two parts up and down shown in the drawings, and for realizing the self-starting function of single-phase switch reluctance machine, special procuring on the rotor increases the startup winding.Because this motor stator winding is Gramme winding, the magnetic direction that is produced according to screw law energising back based on fixed axis to, promptly press shown position and be S, N extreme direction up and down, by external rotor formation closed magnetic circuit.Because magnetic direction immobilizes, judged by left hand rule by force direction according to the electrical conductor in its magnetic field of electromagnetic force law, the DC armature winding that promptly require to start usefulness is for radially, the startup winding layout of external rotor up as shown in the figure, and by winding inner and outer rings line each utmost point winding is connected into together, introduce electric current by its brush.Also need so be furnished with the startup winding for increasing staring torque below external rotor, but that the energising direction press magnetic direction is just in time opposite, i.e. ring line and below winding outer shroud line short circuit in the winding of top, and the interior line short circuit that encircles of top winding outer shroud line and below winding.Promptly produce detent torque by desired motor steering according to the electric current that left hand rule feeds respective direction.Because the energising direction is unidirectional, promptly can not there be the drawbacks such as commutation spark of direct current machine in its brush.
The stator and rotor of single-phase switch reluctance machine generally need adopt identical number of poles.Number of poles shown in the accompanying drawing 1 is 6, and promptly the salient pole number of stator and rotor and groove number average are 6.Torque ripple when the increase of number of poles helps reducing switched reluctance machines low speed and the noise and the vibration that cause, but the also corresponding reduction of motor speed under the identical pulse frequency.Can require and the executable maximum pulse rate of control circuit according to the motor maximum speed, suitably increase the torque ripple of motor pole number when improving motor low speed.Diagram θ
sBe stator salient poles distance, θ
rBe the rotor with salient pole distance, usually for the stator and rotor salient pole of single-phase switch reluctance machine apart from pole span such as making.Increase the salient pole distance and promptly can reduce the groove distance, the braking moment when this helps improving electromagnetic braking, but the also corresponding specific volume power that reduces can be weighed according to above-mentioned both sides relation.If the motor salient pole apart from groove apart from equating, when realizing that electromagnetic braking makes winding continue energising, the salient pole on its stator and rotor circumference is inhaled mutually with electromagnetism and total polar arc back gauge after each polar arc addition of overlapping can reach 180 and spends.If apart from being decided to be 6: 5 with the ratio of groove distance, in the time of can making electromagnetic braking, its stator and rotor salient pole is inhaled mutually with electromagnetism and total polar arc back gauge of overlapping reaches 196.36 (360 * 6/11) degree with the motor salient pole.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: do not need external force auxiliary, easy to use when 1, starting; 2, control mode is simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram with outer-rotor structure of the single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor that starts winding.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing present embodiment is described further.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor with startup winding, described single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor is single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator 1 and rotor 2, on the stator salient poles 3 of stator 1 excitation winding 4 is installed, the startup winding 6 that is exclusively used in startup is installed on the rotor with salient pole 5 of rotor 2, described startup winding 6 connects brush 7, and the magnetic line of force in the magnetic field that the sense of current of described startup winding 6 and described excitation winding 4 form is tangent relation.
Described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine is the hub-type motor, described rotor 2 is positioned at stator 1 outside, described rotor 2 comprises external rotor 8 and following external rotor 9, described excitation winding 4 is looped around on the salient pole of described stator 1, ring connecting line 10 in described startup winding 6 comprises, outer shroud connecting line 11 and distributing line 12, ring connecting line 10 is positioned at the inner ring of the salient pole of the described salient pole of going up external rotor and following external rotor in described, described outer shroud connecting line 11 is positioned at the outer ring of the salient pole of the described salient pole of going up external rotor and following external rotor, described distributing line 12 encircles in described between connecting line 10 and the outer shroud connecting line 11, and described distributing line 12 is arranged on the plane of described rotor with salient pole.
Described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
Be the example startup that further specifies motor, each the concrete course of work that drives operation, electrification feedback, electromagnetic braking now with motor shown in the accompanying drawing.
The electric motor starting course of work
Usually be in the equilbrium position before the electric motor starting, promptly stator and rotor salient pole tooth is in aligned position, and this also can judge according to the rotor position detection signal and obtains.Feed DC excitation electric current to motor stator winding this moment, and motor promptly produces closed magnetic field.According to magnetic direction and desired turning to, after the rotor winding being fed the electric current of respective direction, motor produces electromagnetic force in magnetic field according to electrical conductor direct current machine operation principle starts by institute's required direction, when motor turns over very little (balance) angle, promptly when rotor with salient pole levels off to stator salient poles, at once cut off rotor current, make stator winding " magnetic resistance minimum principle " running by variable reluctance motor.If under the bringing onto load startup situation, when loading moment is difficult to start for the moment greatly, can adopt and repeatedly utilize rotor winding step mode to start, promptly according to the angle of rotor position detection signal, when the salient pole that turns to stator and rotor by " magnetic resistance minimum principle " at motor is about to align, feed the respective direction electric current for again the rotor winding, motor is turned round by the direct current machine principle again, turn to rotor with salient pole when being about to level off to stator salient poles, make the rotor outage again, press the variable reluctance motor principle by stator winding and rotate, so go round and begin again, start fully until motor.
The motor-driven operation course of work
After electric motor starting enters normal operation, just become the running of magnetic resistance principle by the biconvex utmost point.Promptly when the nearly stator salient poles tooth of external rotor salient pole toe joint, after the winding energising makes rotor turn over certain angle, winding cuts off the power supply to avoid producing brake torque again, when rotating to the nearly next stator salient poles tooth of rotor with salient pole toe joint by inertia, rotor switches on again, promptly detect the control winding with the impulse form power on/off, motor is rotated continuously by corner.For satisfying the speed governing requirement of electric automobile, under the motorized motions running state of wheels, must adopt current chopping control (CCC) during low speed to obtain the speed regulation by constant torque control characteristic to switched reluctance machines; Adopt angle position control (APC) to realize the constant-power speed regulation control characteristic during high speed.
Motor is realized the course of work of electrification feedback function
When the needs ramp to stop, especially for electric automobile when reduction of speed braking or the descending operation, can utilize its kinetic energy inertia to carry out the electrification feedback braking, realize energy recuperation, improve continual mileage.According to the electromagnetic torque basic representation of switched reluctance machines as can be known, when inductance L reduces (the groove trend stator winding salient pole that is rotor) along with the increase of rotational angle theta, flow through electric current in the winding and then produce negative electromagnetic torque, be that electromagnetic torque is a braking, motor runs on the generator state.By the angle position checkout gear when the groove that detects external rotor is about to trend towards the stator winding salient pole, at once connect stator winding circuit and carry out excitation, the magnetic field that stator winding produced will produce the reciprocal moment of resistance to rotor, and will changing into magnetic energy, epitrochanterian kinetic energy is stored in the magnetic field, when the salient pole of rotor is about near stator salient poles, just cut off stator winding circuit, this moment will be by fly-wheel diode, changes into electric energy and feeds back to storage battery being stored in magnetic energy in the magnetic field.Can charge a battery with impulse form so repeatedly.Adopt the pulse charging method of suitable parameter as can be known according to the battery charging process principle analysis, help pole plate and recover the original crystal structure of storage battery and eliminate memory effect, can improve accumulator property and its useful life.
Motor is realized the course of work of electro-magnetic braking functions
When motor needs braking to stop behind above-mentioned electrification feedback reduction of speed, its winding is continued to keep energising, the magnetic field that is produced can make stator and rotor, and each is held by electromagnetic force mutually to the salient pole tooth, and each salient pole tooth of motor circumference is to be held by electromagnetic force symmetrically, and promptly braking force is around circumference symmetrically.Owing to adopted monophase machine, the motor salient pole apart from groove under the situation about equating, total polar arc back gauge that the stator and rotor salient pole is inhaled mutually with electromagnetism and overlapped reaches 180 degree, as if increasing the ratio of motor salient pole distance with the groove distance, also can increase total polar arc back gauge angle that electromagnetism is inhaled mutually.As when motor because kinetic energy inertia when big, needs according to the angle position detection signal, and employing brakes the method that combines with electrification feedback and carry out repeatedly, till the position probing no change of rotational angle theta promptly stops.The braking procedure that this electromagnetic braking-the electrification feedback braking is carried out repeatedly promptly is similar to the anti-lock braking system ABS in the Modern Car and drives the braking procedure that antislip is controlled ASR, can improve vehicle run stability and steer ability.
In addition,, this rotor starts winding, if also can adopt the plug braking of DC motor and dynamic braking method to carry out fast braking when needing because having increased direct current.But these two kinds of modes of braking generally should not adopt at the limited electric automobile of the energy, but can consider to adopt to being used for other drive unit.
Claims (3)
1. one kind has the single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor that starts winding, it is characterized in that: described single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor is single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine, described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine comprises stator and rotor, on the stator salient poles of stator excitation winding is installed, the startup winding that is exclusively used in startup is installed on the rotor with salient pole of rotor, described startup winding connects brush, and the magnetic line of force in the magnetic field that the sense of current of described startup winding and described excitation winding form is tangent relation.
2. the single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor with startup winding as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine is the hub-type motor, described rotor is positioned at the stator outside, described rotor comprises external rotor and following external rotor, described excitation winding is looped around on the salient pole of described stator, ring connecting line in described startup winding comprises, outer shroud connecting line and distributing line, the ring connecting line is positioned at the inner ring of the salient pole of the described salient pole of going up external rotor and following external rotor in described, described outer shroud connecting line is positioned at the outer ring of the salient pole of the described salient pole of going up external rotor and following external rotor, described distributing line encircles in described between connecting line and the outer shroud connecting line, and described distributing line is arranged on the plane of described rotor with salient pole.
3. the single-phase switch reluctance type multi-function motor with startup winding as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described single-phase change magnetic resistance double salient-pole electric machine is the SERVO CONTROL motor, and described rotor is positioned at the stator inboard.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101529346A CN101662199B (en) | 2009-09-22 | 2009-09-22 | Single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor with starting winding |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009101529346A CN101662199B (en) | 2009-09-22 | 2009-09-22 | Single-phase switch reluctance multifunctional motor with starting winding |
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| CN101662199A CN101662199A (en) | 2010-03-03 |
| CN101662199B true CN101662199B (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101976924B (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2013-07-24 | 石云艾 | Single-phase multi-pole switched reluctance motor |
| JP5941479B2 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2016-06-29 | フィッシャー アンド ペイケル アプライアンシーズ リミテッド | Electric appliance, motor or stator |
| CN107222079A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-29 | 杭州小爻科技有限责任公司 | Using direct current and the single-phase switch reluctance machine of two kinds of Principle of Electric Engine alternate runs of magnetic resistance |
| US20200224584A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2020-07-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engine & Turbocharger, Ltd. | Supercharger |
| CN116455295B (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2024-02-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Power converter for shaft-radial hybrid magnetic flux switch reluctance motor and control method |
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