WO2012020843A1 - Animal transgénique, cellule souche transformée et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Animal transgénique, cellule souche transformée et leur utilisation Download PDF

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WO2012020843A1
WO2012020843A1 PCT/JP2011/068464 JP2011068464W WO2012020843A1 WO 2012020843 A1 WO2012020843 A1 WO 2012020843A1 JP 2011068464 W JP2011068464 W JP 2011068464W WO 2012020843 A1 WO2012020843 A1 WO 2012020843A1
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amino acid
polypeptide
stem cell
cell
cells
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PCT/JP2011/068464
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Japanese (ja)
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憲二 河野
美知子 斉藤
欽一 中島
古川　智久
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国立大学法人奈良先端科学技術大学院大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
    • C07K14/71—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for growth factors; for growth regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
    • A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
    • A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
    • A01K2227/10—Mammal
    • A01K2227/105—Murine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
    • A01K2267/02—Animal zootechnically ameliorated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transformed animal and a transformed stem cell.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for verifying the effect after transplanting stem cells into a laboratory animal or the like.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for tracking the stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiated cell after transplanting the stem cell into an animal or the like.
  • Such a technique can be a powerful tool for, for example, examining the function of a specific cell or tissue or creating an experimental model animal in which a specific organ is damaged.
  • transplanted stem cells themselves are differentiated or (2) growth factors released by the transplanted stem cells (growth factor)
  • growth factor growth factor
  • hHB-EGF human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
  • Non-patent Document 3 it has been reported that when hHB-EGF is expressed in a heterogeneous animal such as a mouse from the embryonic stage, embryonic lethality occurs (Non-patent Document 3). For this reason, it was not possible to produce a transgenic animal expressing hHB-EGF in the embryonic stage.
  • the present inventors after intensive studies, in the amino acid sequence of hHB-EGF, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the 117th amino acid are other amino acids.
  • Diphtheria in which a polypeptide substituted with an amino acid, and an animal cell that expresses a modified polypeptide that has been modified within a predetermined range while maintaining the mutation site, do not become a death signal for wild-type cells. It has been found that it has the property of being killed by toxin stimulation. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that these modified polypeptides can be expressed in the embryonic and postnatal period in animals.
  • the present inventors have succeeded in obtaining stem cells that express these polypeptides from transformed animals that express these modified polypeptides.
  • the present inventors verify the effect of stem cell transplantation by transplanting these stem cells into a living tissue and then selectively killing the stem cells, their daughter cells or their differentiated cells, or stem cells. It was found that daughter cells or differentiated cells can be traced.
  • Item 1 Transformed animals in which the following polypeptide (A) or (B) is expressed in the embryonic period and / or after birth: (A) In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid (B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (A), comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in a state where the amino acid substitution is maintained, and the following (a) to A polypeptide having the property (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) It has metalloprotease resistance.
  • Item 2. The transformed animal according to Item 1, wherein the amino acid substituted with the 117th amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 3. The transformed animal according to Item 1, wherein the amino acid substituted with the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 4. Item 2. The transformed animal according to Item 1, wherein the amino acid of the metalloprotease cleavage site is the 148th amino acid.
  • the polypeptide (A) or (B) is selected from the group consisting of postnatal brain, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, genital organ, blood cell, bone marrow, spleen, digestive system, sensory organ, hair root, and bone Item 5.
  • Transformed stem cells expressing the following polypeptide (A) or (B): (A) In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid (B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (A), comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in a state where the amino acid substitution is maintained, and the following (a) to A polypeptide having the property (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) It has metalloprotease resistance.
  • Item 7. The transformed stem cell according to Item 6, wherein the amino acid substituted with the 117th amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 8. Item 7. The transformed stem cell according to Item 6, wherein the amino acid substituted with the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 9. The transformed stem cell according to any one of Items 6 to 8, wherein the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is the 148th amino acid.
  • Item 10. Item 7. The transformed stem cell according to Item 6, which is an embryonic stem cell, a somatic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
  • a method for verifying the effect which includes the following steps (1) to (5): (1) Transplanting a transformed stem cell expressing the following polypeptide (A) or (B) into an animal or tissue existing outside the body; (A) In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid (B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (A), comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in a state where the amino acid substitution is maintained, and the following (a) to A polypeptide having the property (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) Metalloprotease resistance (2) evaluating the effect of the transplantation in step (1) on animals or tissues; (3) killing the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiate
  • Item 12. The method according to Item 11, wherein the amino acid substituted with the 117th amino acid is alanine or valine. Item 13. Item 12. The method according to Item 11, wherein the amino acid substituted with the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is alanine or valine. Item 14. Item 14. The method according to any one of Items 11 to 13, wherein the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is the 148th amino acid. Item 15. Item 12. The method according to Item 11, wherein the transformed stem cell is an embryonic stem cell, a somatic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell). Item 16.
  • iPS cell induced pluripotent stem cell
  • a method for tracking the stem cell, its daughter cell, or its differentiated cell comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) Transplanting a transformed stem cell expressing the following polypeptide (A) or (B) into an animal or tissue existing outside the body; (A) In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid (B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (A), comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in a state where the amino acid substitution is maintained, and the following (a) to A polypeptide having the property (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) Metalloprotease resistance (2) killing the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiated cell by administering diphth
  • Item 17. The method according to Item 16, wherein the amino acid substituted with the 117th amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 18. Item 17. The method according to Item 16, wherein the amino acid substituted with the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 19. Item 17. The method according to Item 16, wherein the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is the 148th amino acid.
  • Item 20. The method according to any one of Items 16 to 19, wherein the transformed stem cell is an embryonic stem cell, a somatic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
  • the transformed stem cell By administering diphtheria toxin to a living body or tissue transplanted with a transformed stem cell expressing the following polypeptide (A) or (B), the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiation A method of killing cells.
  • A In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid
  • B the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (A), comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in a state where the amino acid substitution is maintained, and the following (a) to A polypeptide having the property (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) Item 22 having metalloprotease resistance.
  • Item 22 The method according to Item 21, wherein the amino acid at which the 117th amino acid is substituted is alanine or valine.
  • Item 22. The method according to Item 21, wherein the amino acid substituted with the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is alanine or valine.
  • Item 22. The method according to Item 21, wherein the metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid is the 148th amino acid.
  • Item 25 Item 25. The method according to any one of Items 21 to 24, wherein the transformed stem cell is an embryonic stem cell, a somatic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell).
  • iPS cell induced pluripotent stem cell
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a transformed animal having cells having the property of being killed by administration of diphtheria toxin, at the embryonic stage and after birth. Since wild-type cells are not killed by administration of diphtheria toxin, various test methods can be provided by utilizing this difference in properties.
  • the transformed animal of the present invention does not show embryonic lethality and can be reproduced. A transformed fetus can also be obtained. Therefore, the transformed animal of the present invention is advantageous for producing various stem cells using this as a source. Various test methods can also be provided by using these stem cells.
  • Mouse NIH 3T3 cells expressing the human HB-EGF mutants prepared to 12-well plates by retroviruses, were incubated for 36 hours with DER cells (1 ⁇ 10 5 / 2 ⁇ l) . Thereafter, DER cells were transferred to a 96-well plate by pipetting, added with a viable cell number measuring reagent and cultured for 3 hours, and then the number of DER cells was measured. Values are the average of at least 4 experiments and bars indicate standard error.
  • A A schematic diagram of the structure of human HB-EGF used here. A fragment cleaved by a protease consisting of a transmembrane domain (TM) and a cytosolic domain (cyto) is represented as tailfragment IV.
  • TM transmembrane domain
  • cyto cytosolic domain
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is a graph showing the metalloprotease resistance of various hHB-EGF variants.
  • the cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 18 hours, added with 64 nM TPA, and further cultured for 30 minutes.
  • Membrane-bound human HB-EGF was then examined by Western blot using anti-HA and anti-GFP antibodies.
  • EGFP was expressed by the IRES sequence from the same plasmid and is shown side by side in the lower panel as a loading control.
  • the multiple bands of membrane-bound human HB-EGF represent various N-terminal truncations and sugar chain modifications.
  • I117A / L148V This is a photograph, instead of a drawing, in which RNA was collected from the blood of a Tg mouse in which hHB-EGF was expressed throughout the body, and the expression of the transgene was examined by RT-PCR.
  • Wild type mouse (WT), (I117A / L148V) Tg mouse expressing hHB-EGF-GFP systemically (TR5), or (I117V / L148V) Tg mouse expressing systemic hHB-EGF-GFP 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring changes in protein synthesis using hepatocytes prepared from (TR6) and various concentrations of diphtheria toxin in the medium and measuring the uptake of 35 S-methionine and cysteine as indicators.
  • Various concentrations of neural stem cells prepared from the forebrain of 14.5 day-old fetuses of wild-type mice (WT) or (I117V / L148V) hHB-EGF-GFP systemically expressing Tg mice (TR6) 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring changes in protein synthesis using diphtheria toxin added to a medium and using uptake of 35 S-methionine and cysteine as indicators.
  • GFP.Luc Tg mice transgenic mice expressing GFP and Luciferase throughout the body
  • I117V / L148V mice hHB-EGF-GFP Tg mice x Luc Tg mice were crossed together ((( I117V / L148V) Tg mice expressing hHB-EGF-GFP and Luc systemically)
  • FIG. 12 is a photograph replacing a drawing, in which a spinal injury site section 2 weeks after administration of diphtheria toxin in FIG. 11 was stained with Hoechst (blue, nucleus) and GFP (green, transplanted neural stem cells) antibodies.
  • the upper row is transplanted with (I117V / L148V) hHB-EGF-GFP-GFP.Luc Tg mouse-derived neural stem cells, and the lower row is transplanted with GFP.Luc Tg mouse-derived neural stem cells.
  • VPA valproic acid
  • VPA treatment increases the regeneration efficiency of the central nervous system from transplanted neural stem cells. This recovery is completely reduced to the control level by diphtheria toxin administration, strongly suggesting that the transplanted neural stem cells have regenerated into the central nerve.
  • the transformed animal of the present invention is a transformed animal in which the following polypeptide (A) or (B) is expressed at the embryonic stage and / or after birth.
  • A In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid
  • B the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide of (A), comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in a state where the amino acid substitution is maintained, and the following (a) to A polypeptide having the property (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) It has metalloprotease resistance.
  • Polypeptide (A) In the polypeptide (A), in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the 117th amino acid are substituted with other amino acids ( A polypeptide that is sometimes referred to as “substitution (A)”.
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 is the amino acid sequence of hHB-EGF.
  • the nucleotide sequence of DNA encoding hHB-EGF is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the 117th, 148th and 149th amino acids are isoleucine, leucine and proline, respectively.
  • Polypeptide (A) has lost growth factor activity due to substitution of the 117th amino acid with another amino acid.
  • the amino acid in which the 117th amino acid is substituted is not particularly limited as long as the polypeptide (A) has lost the growth factor activity.
  • one of the 20 amino acids excluding isoleucine
  • particularly preferably alanine or valine are particularly preferably alanine or valine.
  • Polypeptide (A) has acquired metalloprotease resistance by substituting at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids with another amino acid.
  • the amino acid in which the metalloprotease cleavage site is substituted is not particularly limited as long as the polypeptide (A) has acquired metalloprotease resistance.
  • the 148th amino acid includes an amino acid having a structure different from that of the original leucine.
  • it is one of the 20 amino acids (excluding leucine), and particularly preferred is alanine or valine.
  • the 149th amino acid includes an amino acid having a structure different from that of the original proline.
  • it is one of the 20 amino acids (excluding proline), and serine is particularly preferred.
  • Polypeptide (A) is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are achieved, but 117th isoleucine is one of the 20 amino acids (excluding isoleucine) and 148th.
  • a polypeptide in which leucine is substituted with one of the 20 amino acids (excluding leucine) is preferred.
  • the 117th isoleucine is replaced with valine and the 148th leucine is replaced with valine (I117V / L148V), or the 117th isoleucine is replaced with alanine and the 148th leucine is replaced with valine.
  • the polypeptide (I117A / L148V) is preferred, and I117V / L148V is particularly preferred.
  • Polypeptide (A) has the following properties (a) to (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) It has metalloprotease resistance.
  • Polypeptide (B) Polypeptide (B) has one or more amino acids deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence of polypeptide (A) while maintaining substitution (A) (“deletion, substitution or addition”). Is sometimes referred to as “modified”.)
  • a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence and having the following properties (a) to (c): (a) Diphtheria toxin receptor activity (b) No growth factor activity (c) It has metalloprotease resistance.
  • polypeptide (B) consists of an amino acid sequence in which the substitution (A) is made in the amino acid sequence of polypeptide (A), and one or more amino acids are further deleted, substituted or added, And a polypeptide having the above properties (a) to (c).
  • the polypeptide (B) is composed of an amino acid sequence modified within a homology range of 90% or more with respect to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (A). Furthermore, the polypeptide (B) is more preferably composed of an amino acid sequence modified within a homology range of 95% or more with respect to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (A), and similarly 98% or more. It is more preferable if it consists of an amino acid sequence modified within the homology range.
  • “homology” of amino acid sequences preferably means “identity”. That is, it is preferable that the polypeptide (B) has an amino acid sequence modified within the range of 90% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (A). Furthermore, the polypeptide (B) is more preferably composed of an amino acid sequence modified within 95% or more of identity with respect to the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide (A), and similarly 98% or more. It is more preferable if it consists of an amino acid sequence modified within the range of identity.
  • Polypeptide (B) is substituted (A) in the amino acid sequence of polypeptide (A), and 1 to 20 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20) amino acids are preferably used as long as they have an amino acid sequence deleted, substituted, or added. Furthermore, polypeptide (B) is composed of an amino acid sequence in which substitution (A) has been made in the amino acid sequence of polypeptide (A) and from 1 to 10 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added. It is more preferable if it consists of an amino acid sequence in which 1 to 5 amino acids are similarly deleted, substituted or added.
  • Whether a polypeptide has diphtheria toxin receptor activity is determined by the following test method.
  • [Diphtheria toxin receptor activity test] (i) Prepare NIH 3T3 cells expressing the polypeptide to be tested. As a control, cells expressing wild type hHB-EGF are prepared. The expression method is the same. (ii) Seed cells (2 ⁇ 10 4 ) in a 60 mm culture dish containing 0.5 ml of DMEM / 10% FBS. (iii) After culturing for 24 hours, various concentrations of diphtheria toxin purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation fraction and anion exchange column chromatography are added, and further cultured for 12 hours.
  • the polypeptide to be tested has diphtheria toxin receptor activity if the EC 50 of the polypeptide to be tested is 10 ( ⁇ g / ml) or less.
  • Whether a polypeptide has growth factor activity is determined by the following test method.
  • [Growth factor activity test] (i) Prepare NIH 3T3 cells expressing the polypeptide to be tested. As a control, cells expressing wild type hHB-EGF are prepared. The expression method is the same. (ii) The cells are seeded in a 12-well culture dish containing 1 ml of DMEM / 10% FBS and cultured for 24 hours. (iii) After washing twice with RPMI 1640 medium, 2 ml of RPMI 1640 (without serum) and 1 ⁇ 10 5 DER cells are added and co-cultured for 36 hours.
  • Whether or not a polypeptide has metalloprotease resistance is determined by the following test method.
  • Methodaloprotease resistance test (i) Prepare NIH 3T3 cells in which the polypeptide to be tested is integrated and expressed in the retroviral vector pMX-IRES-GFP. As a control, cells expressing wild type hHB-EGF are prepared. The expression method is the same. (ii) Cells are cultured in serum-free DMEM medium for 18 hours and then treated with 64 nM TPA (Nacalai Tesque) for 30 minutes.
  • Detection is performed using Horseseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (DAKO) or anti-rabbit IgG antibody (DAKO) using Western Blotting Detection Reagents (Amersham Biosciences).
  • DAKO horseseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody
  • DAKO anti-rabbit IgG antibody
  • the kind of transformed animal is not particularly limited.
  • a rodent can be mentioned. More specifically, for example, mouse, rat and the like can be preferably mentioned. From the viewpoint of transplantation, inbred non-human mammals (for example, inbred mice or rats) having the same genetic background are preferable.
  • the transformed stem cells described below are also preferably derived from the animals described here.
  • the transformed animal of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the group consisting of the brain, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, genital organs, blood cells, bone marrow, spleen, digestive system, sensory organ, hair root, and bone after birth.
  • a transformed animal in which the polypeptide (A) or (B) is expressed in at least one selected organ is preferred, and at least the brain, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, genital organ, blood cell, bone marrow after birth,
  • a transgenic animal in which the polypeptide (A) or (B) is expressed in the spleen, digestive system, sensory organ, hair root, and bone is preferable.
  • the brain is preferably a nerve cell.
  • the genitalia is preferably the testis or ovary.
  • the digestive system is preferably the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine.
  • the sensory organ is preferably the ear, eye, nose, tongue, or skin.
  • the hair root is preferably skin.
  • the transformed animal of this invention is not specifically limited, It can produce as follows.
  • a transgene was constructed in which a cDNA expressing wild-type human HB-EGF or modified human HB-EGF fused with a GFP gene was linked to the chicken ⁇ -actin promoter, By injecting the early transgene into the male pronucleus of fertilized eggs obtained by crossing C57BL / 6J, and transplanting the resulting fertilized eggs into the oviduct of recipient mice (ICR), transgenic mice ( Tg mice).
  • the stem cell of the present invention is a transformed stem cell in which the following polypeptide (A) or (B) is expressed.
  • A) In the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, at least one metalloprotease cleavage site amino acid selected from the group consisting of the 148th and 149th amino acids, and the polypeptide in which the 117th amino acid is substituted with another amino acid
  • polypeptides (A) and (B) are the same as that described in “1.
  • the type of the stem cell (that is, the stem cell into which the polypeptide (A) or (B) is introduced) used for obtaining the transformed stem cell of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • Examples include embryonic stem cells, somatic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells).
  • somatic stem cells include, but are not limited to, neural stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.
  • the stem cell of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be prepared, for example, as follows. (I117V / L148V) hHB-EGF-GFP Tg mice x Luc Tg mice (luciferase gene-introduced transgenic mice) were crossed, and 4.5 day embryos derived from mice carrying both genes were aseptically collected, and LIF (leukemia suppression) Prepare STO cells for feeders expressing the factor), and leave the 4.5 day embryos on the feeder.
  • the neural stem cell of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be prepared as follows. (I117V / L148V) hHB-EGF-GFP Tg mice x Luc Tg mice were crossed, and the forebrain of mouse 14.5 day embryos carrying both genes was shredded in divalent salt-free HBSS (Hanks balanced salt solution) Then, it is plated on a plate coated with polyornithine and fibronectin and cultured in DMEM / F12 medium containing 10 ng / ml bFGF for 4 days. Further, dissociate the cells with HBSS, reseed the cells by a quarter, and subculture every 2 days. The cell thus proliferating is an example of the neural stem cell of the present invention.
  • the method for verifying the effect of stem cell transplantation of the present invention comprises: Transplanting the transformed stem cells of the present invention into an animal or tissue existing outside the body, It is a method to verify the effect.
  • the method includes the following steps (1) to (5).
  • the recipient animal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include rodents. More specifically, for example, mouse or rat can be preferably mentioned.
  • the tissue to be transplanted is not particularly limited, regardless of whether it is transplanted to a tissue existing inside or outside the body, for example, brain, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, genital organs, bone marrow, spleen, digestive system, sensory It can be transplanted to a vessel, hair root, bone or the like.
  • the recipient animal and the stem cell to be transplanted are preferably derived from the same animal species.
  • the method of transplantation is not particularly limited, and a method suitable for each tissue to be transplanted can be employed.
  • neural stem cells when they are transplanted to the spinal cord injury site, they can be transplanted as follows. Neural stem cells were isolated and cultured from the forebrain of 14.5 day mouse embryos, and 1 ⁇ l / min of neural stem cells prepared to 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ⁇ l using a micropipette at the spinal injury site of a 15-week-old male ICR spinal injury model mouse.
  • mice Inject a total of 2 ⁇ l at a speed of All mice were treated daily with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine 10 mg / kg and gentamicin 8 mg / kg, and cells were used every week using the IVIS Imaging System (Caliper) (sometimes abbreviated as “IVIS”). Cell engraftment is confirmed by observing the injection site.
  • the motor ability of the hind limbs of the mouse is measured, and nerve regeneration is displayed as a walking motor ability (Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score) value.
  • the BBB score is a score obtained by visually measuring the hindlimb motor function of the mouse (reference: J. Neurotrauma., 1995: 12: 1-21.). Since the mouse
  • Preparation of bone marrow cells can be performed, for example, as follows.
  • the femur and tibia are collected from the cervical dislocation mouse, filled with a DMEM medium in a 3 ml syringe equipped with a 23G needle, and washed from a bone marrow cavity into a dish containing DMEM with bone marrow cells on ice.
  • the cells are washed repeatedly with DMEM until the red color disappears from the bone marrow.
  • the bone marrow cells in the dish are put in and out of the syringe many times, passed through a nylon filter, and finally prepared as a single cell suspension, which is used as bone marrow cells.
  • Transplant effect evaluation process (2) The step of evaluating the effect of transplantation on the animal or tissue in step (1) is not particularly limited as long as the transplantation has an effect on the animal or tissue.
  • the transplantation can bring about some therapeutic effect. In some cases, there is a step of evaluating the therapeutic effect.
  • a predetermined disease animal model can be used. That is, the therapeutic effect given to an animal can be evaluated by a therapeutic effect evaluation method using a known disease animal model. For example, when transplanting neural stem cells, the therapeutic effect on the spinal cord injury can be evaluated by using an SCI model in which the spinal cord is damaged.
  • a predetermined disease tissue model can be used.
  • the therapeutic effect on the hepatocyte damage can be evaluated by using a hepatitis model in which hepatocytes are damaged.
  • diphtheria toxin is not particularly limited, and for example, diphtheria toxin purified with Corynebacterium diphtheria PW8 strain (having no infectivity to humans) can be used.
  • the method for administering diphtheria toxin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include intraperitoneal administration with a syringe or injection into muscle.
  • diphtheria toxin is not particularly limited, but when administered to an individual, a maximum dose of 50 ⁇ g / kg body weight can be administered at one time, but lower if the effect is sufficient It is possible to administer 50-500 ng / kg body weight, or it may be repeated several times.
  • death can be confirmed 30-60 hours after the first administration.
  • the confirmation of the death is performed by previously operating the stem cell so as to constitutively express an identifiable marker molecule, and by identifying this marker, the stem cell that has not died, its daughter It can be performed by detecting a cell or its differentiated cell. That is, when the marker cannot be detected, it can be determined that the cell has been killed.
  • step (3) means evaluation using the same index as the evaluation method of step (2).
  • step of comparing the effect of step (2) with the effect of step (4) is the effect of step (2), which is the effect of stem cell transplantation, and killed the transplanted stem cell, its daughter cell, or its differentiated cell
  • step (2) which is the effect of stem cell transplantation
  • step (4) which is an effect of the above. Therefore, if the effect of step (4) is lower than the effect of step (2), it means that the effect is reduced by the death of the stem cell, its daughter cell, or its differentiated cell. From these results, it can be determined that these cells are directly involved in the effect.
  • stem cells are transplanted into animals or tissues existing outside the body, and the stem cells, their daughter cells, or their Examples of the method for tracking differentiated cells include the following steps (1) to (3).
  • the stem cell tracking method of the present invention also includes a method including the following steps (2 ′) and (3).
  • (2 ') Diphtheria toxin is administered to a living body or tissue (for example, the transformed animal of the present invention) into which a transformed stem cell expressing the following polypeptide (A) or (B) is transplanted To kill the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiated cell
  • polypeptides (A) and (B), transformed stem cells, and steps (1) and (2) are given in “1. Transformed animals” and “2. Transformed stem cells” and “3. Stem cell transplantation”. Since it is the same as that in “Method for verifying effect”, it is omitted.
  • diphtheria is used for transplanting the transformed stem cell obtained in step (1) expressing the polypeptide of (A) or (B) into an animal or a tissue existing outside the body. It is a step of killing the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiated cell by administering a toxin.
  • Process (3) will be described below. It can be determined that the cells killed in the step (2) or (2 ') express the polypeptide (A) or (B).
  • This cell can be determined to be either a stem cell transplanted in step (1) (or transplanted into the living body or tissue used in step (2 '), its daughter cell, or its differentiated cell. Therefore, by detecting the cells dead in step (2) or (2 ′), the stem cells transplanted in step (1) (or transplanted into the living body or tissue used in step (2 ′)), Daughter cells or differentiated cells thereof can be detected.
  • the step of detecting cells killed in step (2) or (2 ′) may be a step of detecting cells that have not been killed.
  • the stem cells to be transplanted in step (1) or transplanted to the living body or tissue used in step (2 ′)
  • by identifying this marker stem cells that have not died, their daughter cells, or their differentiated cells may be detected.
  • a marker molecule For example, GFP etc. can be used. In this case, identification can be performed by emitting fluorescence or looking at the expression level of GFP by the antibody.
  • luciferase can be used. Cells expressing luciferase emit light when luciferin is administered intraperitoneally, and can be identified by detecting the light emission.
  • the present invention is a living body or tissue transplanted with a transformed stem cell expressing the polypeptide (A) or (B) above (for example, The present invention also includes a method for killing the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiated cell by administering diphtheria toxin to the transformed animal of the present invention.
  • diphtheria toxin is administered to a living body or tissue (for example, the transformed animal of the present invention) into which a transformed stem cell expressing the polypeptide (A) or (B) is transplanted. It can also be said to be a method of killing the transformed stem cell, its daughter cell or its differentiated cell, comprising a step.
  • transformed stem cell-derived cells By this method, the role of these cells can be analyzed by killing the transformed stem cells, their daughter cells or their differentiated cells (hereinafter also referred to as “transformed stem cell-derived cells”). . That is, according to the present invention, by administering diphtheria toxin, transformed stem cell-derived cells can be killed at an arbitrary time point. Therefore, in a living body or tissue transplanted with a transformed stem cell, The function of the transformed stem cell-derived cell can be lost, and the function of the transformed stem cell-derived cell can be analyzed.
  • tissue regeneration mechanism by stem cell transplantation (1) whether the transplanted stem cells themselves are differentiated, (2) growth factors released by the transplanted stem cells, etc. It is also possible to verify whether the humoral factor is caused by acting on the recipient-derived cells, or (3) whether the stem cells and the recipient-derived cells are fused. It is thought that it becomes.
  • the hHB-EGF variant in which the 117th isoleucine is replaced with alanine and the 148th leucine is substituted with valine is referred to as “I117A / L148V”, and the other variants are also indicated in the same manner.
  • Test Example 1 Diphtheria toxin sensitivity shown by transformed cells into which various hHB-EGF variants have been introduced [Method] An expression vector in which various hHB-EGF variants were inserted into the restriction enzyme sites of Bam HI and Eco RI of pMX-IRES-GFP, a retroviral vector, was transfected into PLAT-E cells of packaging cells, and the virus A solution was prepared. NIH 3T3 cells were adjusted to 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 in 10 cm dish (CORNING; 430167) and cultured for 12-18 hours.
  • Test Example 2 Growth factor activity exhibited by various hHB-EGF variants
  • Method 2 Prepare human HB-EGF-expressing NIH3T3 cells in 6-well plates (CORNING; 3516) at 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells or 12-well plates at 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells, and culture for 24 hours, followed by washing with RPMI1640 medium. Add DER cells to each well 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / 6 well plate (or 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / 12 well plate) and RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBP (fetal calf serum) for 36 hours Cultured. WEHI-3 culture supernatant was added to 5%. Thereafter, DER cells in each well were pipetted and transferred to a 96-well plate (CORNING; 3595), and the amount of DNA synthesis or the number of viable cells was measured.
  • CORNING 3595
  • Test Example 3 Metalloprotease resistance of various hHB-EGF variants
  • the cells are seeded in a 10 cm dish (CORNING; 430167) so as to be about 70-80% confluent, cultured in serum-free medium for 18 hours, and then 64 nM TPA (Phorbol 12- Myristate 13-Acetate, Nacalai Tesque; GR27547-14, all dissolved in DMSO, stored at -30 ° C, not refreezing), added to the medium and incubated for another 30 minutes to recover the protein from the cells and anti-hHB-EGF antibody The cleavage of membrane-bound HB-EGF was confirmed by the Western Blot used. It is well known that intracellular metalloproteases are activated by treatment with TPA.
  • Example 1 Preparation of mice expressing I117A / L148V or I117V / L148V in embryonic and postnatal period [Method] Human HB-EGF systemic expression transgenic mice (wild type hHB-EGF.GFP, (I117A / L148V) hHB-EGF.GFP and (I117V / L148V) hHB-EGF.GFP) are pCAGGS-hHB-EGF.GFP plasmids Alternatively, a plasmid purified from a fragment constructed by treating with Sal I and HindIII from the same construct was used as a transgene.
  • transgenes were microinjected into fertilized eggs obtained from C57BL / 6J ⁇ C57BL / 6J, and transplanted into the oviduct of recipient mice (ICR) to produce about 100 Tg mice each. Blood cells were prepared from each Tg mouse, and whether or not hHB-EGF was expressed was checked by PCR.
  • Example 2 Preparation of transformed hepatocytes and transformed neural stem cells expressing I117A / L148V or I117V / L148V [Method] (I117A / L148V) prepared from the livers of Tg mice (TR5) expressing hHB-EGF-GFP systemically (TR5) and (I117V / L148V) Tg mice (TR6) expressing systemic hHB-EGF-GFP, respectively. Hepatocytes and neural stem cells prepared from their forebrain were treated with diphtheria toxin at various concentrations for 6 hours, and protein synthesis was measured using 35 S-methionine and cysteine uptake as indicators.
  • hepatocytes and neural stem cells prepared from Tg mice were 10,000 times more sensitive to diphtheria toxin than cells prepared from wild-type mice (WT). .
  • Example 3 Preparation of transformed neural stem cells expressing I117V / L148V [Method] (I117V / L148V)
  • luciferin was added to this cell extract, the luciferase activity of each cell was measured, and the luciferase activity of neural stem cells derived from wild-type mice was expressed as 100%.
  • [result] 9 and 10 show the results of examining the sensitivity of the produced transformed neural stem cells to diphtheria toxin.
  • the produced transformed neural stem cells were found to be sensitive to diphtheria toxin.
  • Example 4 Tracking of transplanted stem cells and verification of effects of stem cell transplant [Method] (I117V / L148V) hHB-EGF-GFP transgenic mice or mice expressing GFP throughout the body and transgenic mice expressing Luciferase throughout the body are crossed to express both (GFP and Luciferase)
  • Neural stem cells were isolated and cultured from the forebrain of embryonic day 14.5 mouse, and prepared to 0.5x10 6 cells / ⁇ l using a micropipette at the spinal injury site of a 15-week-old male ICR spinal injury model mouse. A total of 2 ⁇ l was injected at a rate of 1 ⁇ l / min.
  • mice All mice were administered daily with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine 10 mg / kg and gentamicin 8 mg / kg, and cell viability was observed by IVIS every week.
  • 50 ⁇ g / kg of diphtheria toxin was intraperitoneally administered for 2 consecutive days, and the engraftment of the transplanted neural stem cells was observed by IVIS every week thereafter.
  • a section of the spinal cord injury was prepared at 2 weeks after toxin administration, stained with Hoechst and GFP antibody, and observed.
  • mice transplanted with stem cells expressing wild type stem cells and stem cells expressing I117V / L148V when diphtheria toxin was administered during the course of measuring the therapeutic effect of transplantation over time, wild type stem cells were expressed. Progression of recovery was not hindered in mice transplanted with stem cells. On the other hand, in the mice transplanted with 117V / L148V-expressing stem cells, 117V / L148V-expressing cells died and the progress of recovery was stopped (FIG. 13). From these results, it was concluded that the therapeutic effect by stem cell transplantation is acquired by the function of the cells expressing 117V / L148V itself. In addition, it was confirmed by the tracer experiment using WGA (wheat
  • WGA wheat

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un animal transgénique présentant, au cours de la période embryonnaire et postnatale, des cellules de telle nature que les cellules sont tuées par une stimulation qui n'agit pas comme signal de mort dans des cellules de type sauvage. L'animal transgénique exprime, au cours de la période embryonnaire et postnatale, les polypeptides suivants (A) ou (B) : (A) un polypeptide dans lequel, dans la séquence d'acides aminés de la SEQ ID No: 1, le 117e acide aminé et au moins un acide aminé du site de clivage par une métalloprotéase choisi dans le groupe constitué des 148ème et 149ème acides aminés sont substitués par d'autres acides aminés, et (B) un polypeptide ayant la séquence d'acides aminés du polypeptide (A), dans lequel les substitutions d'acides aminés ont été conservées, mais un ou plusieurs acides aminés ont été supprimés, substitués ou ajoutés, de tels polypeptides ayant des propriétés spécifiques.
PCT/JP2011/068464 2010-08-13 2011-08-12 Animal transgénique, cellule souche transformée et leur utilisation WO2012020843A1 (fr)

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Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MICHIKO SAITO ET AL.: "Generation of mouse models of human disease using a diphtheria toxin receptor-mediated conditional cell knockout method", PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID AND ENZYME, vol. 54, no. 5, 1 April 2009 (2009-04-01), pages 614 - 620, XP008173626 *
MICHIKO SAITO ET AL.: "The approach to regeneration using the TRECK-Diabetes mice", SURGERY FRONTIER, vol. 16, no. 1, 2009, pages 74 - 78 *

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