WO2012016492A1 - 一种电源模块和电源系统 - Google Patents

一种电源模块和电源系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012016492A1
WO2012016492A1 PCT/CN2011/077619 CN2011077619W WO2012016492A1 WO 2012016492 A1 WO2012016492 A1 WO 2012016492A1 CN 2011077619 W CN2011077619 W CN 2011077619W WO 2012016492 A1 WO2012016492 A1 WO 2012016492A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power module
power
module
power supply
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/077619
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周建军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Beijing Lenovo Software Ltd
Original Assignee
Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Beijing Lenovo Software Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lenovo Beijing Ltd, Beijing Lenovo Software Ltd filed Critical Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Priority to US13/812,128 priority Critical patent/US9703363B2/en
Publication of WO2012016492A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012016492A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/3287—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken by switching off individual functional units in the computer system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/263—Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/30—Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/2015—Redundant power supplies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power management technology, and more particularly to a power module and a power system. Background technique
  • the load assumed by one power supply is only greater than its own rated power.
  • the inventors have at least the following problems in the prior art: in the process of providing power by a redundant power source, all redundant power modules must be simultaneously turned on or off, and some modules cannot be turned on while another module is turned off, but due to the electronic device The power consumption of the load is small, and the power allocated by each redundant power module is small, resulting in low power supply efficiency. If manual intervention is used, the premise of the manual is that the operator must know the load of the entire electronic device. Power requirements and the output power of each redundant power module, but this is very difficult for the operator. Summary of the invention
  • a power module is provided.
  • the power module is used as a first power module in a computing system.
  • the computing system further includes a second power module, the first power module and the second power module. Sequentially cascading, the first power module is in a power supply state, the second power module is in a closed state, and the first power module includes:
  • a load detecting unit configured to acquire a load detection value, and generate a load detection value
  • the determining unit is connected to the load detecting unit, and configured to generate a determination information according to the load detection value, to determine whether the first Two power modules
  • a switch unit configured to send a power-on signal PSON to the second power module when the determining information indicates that the second power module needs to be turned on;
  • the second power module is enabled to be turned on in response to the power-on signal.
  • the load detecting unit comprises:
  • the current detecting unit is configured to detect an output current of the power module itself and generate a current detection value as the load detection value.
  • the determining unit determines that the second power module needs to be turned on when the current detection value is greater than the first current threshold.
  • the power module further includes:
  • the voltage detecting unit is configured to detect its own output voltage and convert it into a voltage detection value output; wherein, when the voltage detection value is greater than the working voltage threshold, the power module determines that it is in a power supply state.
  • the power module further includes:
  • the current equalization unit is configured to adjust an output current of the first power module and the second power module according to a preset power balance rule, so that the output current of each power module is balanced.
  • the power module further includes:
  • the emergency module is configured to send, when the first power module itself is damaged, an emergency command to the second power module, where the emergency command instructs the second power module to switch to the power supply state, and the second power module replaces the first power module powered by.
  • a power module is provided, wherein the power module is applied to a computing system as a fourth power module, and the computing system further includes a third power module, the third The source module is sequentially connected to the fourth power module, and the third power module and the fourth power source are both in a power supply state, and the fourth power module includes:
  • a load detecting unit configured to acquire a load detection value
  • a determining unit configured to generate a determining information according to the load detecting value, to determine whether to close the fourth power module
  • a switch unit configured to send a request message to the third power module when the determining information indicates that the fourth power module is turned off, the request information indicating that the third power module is to the fourth power source
  • the module sends a shutdown signal, and the fourth power module performs shutdown according to the off-key.
  • the load detecting unit includes: a current detecting unit, configured to detect an output current of the self and generate a current detecting value as the load detecting value, wherein the determining unit is at the current When the detected value is less than the second current threshold, it is determined that the fourth power module itself needs to be turned off;
  • the power module further includes: a voltage detecting unit, configured to detect an output voltage of the self and convert the output voltage into a voltage detection value output; wherein, when the voltage detection value is greater than the working voltage threshold, the power module determines that it is in a power supply state.
  • a voltage detecting unit configured to detect an output voltage of the self and convert the output voltage into a voltage detection value output; wherein, when the voltage detection value is greater than the working voltage threshold, the power module determines that it is in a power supply state.
  • a power supply system including at least two power modules and a power distribution board, wherein the power module is applied as a first power module to a computing system, and the computing system further includes a second power source. a module, the first power module and the second power module are sequentially cascaded; wherein
  • the first power module is in a power supply state
  • the second power module is in a closed state
  • the first power module includes:
  • a load detecting unit configured to acquire a load detection value, and generate a load detection value
  • the determining unit is connected to the load detecting unit, and configured to generate a determination information according to the load detection value, to determine whether the first Two power modules
  • a switch unit configured to: when the determining information indicates that the second power module needs to be turned on, sending a power-on signal PSON to the second power module; wherein, the second power module is enabled to be turned on in response to the power-on signal;
  • the first power module and the second power source are both in a power supply state, and the second power module package Includes:
  • a load detecting unit configured to acquire a load detection value
  • a determining unit configured to generate a determination information according to the load detection value, to determine whether to close the second power module
  • a switch unit configured to send a request message to the first power module when the determining information indicates that the second power module is turned off, the request information indicating that the first power module is to the second power source
  • the module sends a shutdown signal, and the second power module performs shutdown according to the shutdown signal.
  • the power system further includes:
  • the signal support module is used to transmit the following signals through discrete circuits or through software protocol support:
  • a power-on signal/shutdown signal sent to the second power module; as a second power module, a power-on signal/shutdown signal received from the first power module; as the first power module, the received signal comes from a voltage detection value of the second power module; as a second power module, a shutdown request issued to the first power module;
  • the received shutdown request from the second power module As the first power module, the received shutdown request from the second power module.
  • the power module itself can automatically determine whether a new power module needs to be turned on.
  • the load power consumption requirement of the electronic device increases, no manual intervention is required, and one or more power modules are automatically added and adjusted.
  • one or more power modules can be automatically turned off to maximize the efficiency of the entire redundant power module.
  • the detection of current, balance of current and other operations involved in this process are implemented inside the power module; the original power distribution board is simplified, and even the power distribution module is not connected with the distribution board, and the power modules are saved. The cost is shown.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of a power module of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram 2 of a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for managing multiple power modules in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a process for turning on a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a process of turning off a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the number of power modules in the working state-power state may be automatically increased in a cascading order; and when the power consumption of the electronic device decreases, Turn off one or more power modules in sequence to maximize the efficiency of the redundant power modules to save power.
  • the power module provided by the embodiment of the present invention is different from the power module of the prior art.
  • the power module at each power level sends a power-on signal, and can also send a shutdown request to the previous level.
  • the power-on signal from other components such as the power distribution board 200
  • the power is turned on according to the power-on signal, if one power module is located in the cascade At the end of all power modules in the relationship, only the shutdown request is sent to the upper power module.
  • a power module having different functions including:
  • the power module only has the function of turning on the first-level power module.
  • the power-on signal is sent to the next-stage power module.
  • the power module only has the function of turning off itself.
  • the power module sends a shutdown signal to the power module.
  • each power module can send a power-on signal to the power module of the next stage, or send a power-off request to the previous level; and can determine whether it is in all power modules in the power supply state before sending the shutdown request Power module at the end position.
  • each power module can send a power-on signal to the power module of the next stage, or send a shutdown request to the next level.
  • the power module is in the first position of the power module group, although the power-off request can be sent to the previous-level power module, the shutdown request does not work because there is no longer the previous-level power module can receive the signal;
  • the power module is located at the last position of the power module group, although it is also possible to send a power-on signal to the power module of the next stage, There is no longer a power module that can receive this signal, so the power-on signal does not work.
  • a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the power module is used as a first power module in a computing system, and the computing system further includes a second power module, the first power module and the The second power module is in the power-on state, the second power module is in the off state, and the first power module includes:
  • the load detecting unit 200 is configured to acquire a load detection value of the computing system, and generate a load detection value.
  • the determining unit 208 is connected to the load detecting unit 200, and configured to generate a determination message according to the load detection value to determine whether it needs to be opened.
  • the switch unit 201 is configured to send a power-on signal PSON to the second power module when the determining information indicates that the second power module needs to be turned on;
  • the second power module is enabled to be turned on in response to the power-on signal.
  • the technical solution provided by the application can automatically determine whether a new module needs to be turned on.
  • the load power consumption requirement of the electronic device is large, one or more modules are automatically added, and the power supply power of the power module is automatically adjusted, and the whole process is completely automatic.
  • all detection, judgment, and power efficiency control circuits are implemented in the power module, which greatly simplifies the power distribution board, and can even connect the power modules with wires, without having to configure the distribution board, saving costs. .
  • the first power module and the second power module are sequentially cascaded.
  • the two power modules can send a power-on signal or a shutdown signal to the second power source according to the output power.
  • the power signal from the upper power module sends a power-on signal or a power-off signal to the next-level power module, so that the first-level one-level power-on, or the first-level one-level power-off.
  • the on-off mode it is cascaded compared to the traditional power supply system, which turns on all power modules simultaneously or turns off all power modules.
  • the cascade switch is powered in parallel.
  • the power modules of different individuals are respectively referred to as a first power module, a second power module, a third power module, and a fourth power module, etc., but this is not Indicates that the first power module must be the specific power module in the cascading relationship at the first physical location and receiving the power-on signal from the power distribution board, but to distinguish the relative positions of the other power modules in the cascading relationship. And this title.
  • the descriptions of the previous power module and the latter power module are similar, for example, because the first power module does not represent the first power module.
  • the first power module can still exist in the previous power module.
  • the sequential cascading of the first power module and the second power module indicates that the first power module is the previous power module of the second power module, and the third power module and the fourth power module are sequentially cascaded to indicate that the third power module is the fourth.
  • a power module according to another embodiment of the present invention is different from the power module shown in FIG.
  • the load detecting unit 200 includes a current detecting unit 202 for detecting its own output current and generating a current detected value as the load detected value.
  • the determining unit 208 supports processing the current detection value for determining that the self load exceeds the rated value when the current detection value is greater than the first current threshold, and the second power module needs to be turned on.
  • the power module shown in FIG. 2 further includes a voltage detecting unit 205 for detecting its own output voltage and converting it into a voltage detection value output; and determining that it is in a power supply state when the voltage detection value is greater than the operating voltage threshold.
  • a power module according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, further includes:
  • the current equalization unit 203 is configured to adjust an output current of the first power module and the second power module according to a preset power balance rule, so that the output current of each power module is less than or equal to the first current a threshold value; wherein, after the first power module and the second power module are turned on in a cascade manner, external power is supplied through a parallel manner.
  • the power module according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes an emergency module, configured to send an emergency command to the second power module when the first power module itself is damaged, the emergency command instructing the second power module to switch to the power supply state, and the second The power module replaces the first power module for power supply.
  • a power-on signal/shutdown signal sent to the second power module; as a second power module, a power-on signal/shutdown signal received from the first power module; as the first power module, the received signal comes from a voltage detection value of the second power module; as a second power module, a shutdown request issued to the first power module;
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a power module, where the power module is applied to the computing system as a fourth power module, the computing system further includes a third power module, and the third power module and the The fourth power module is sequentially connected, and the third power module and the fourth power source are both in a power supply state, and the fourth power module includes:
  • a load detecting unit configured to acquire a load detection value of the computer system, and generate a load detection value; the determining unit is connected to the load detecting unit, and configured to generate a determination information according to the load detection value to determine whether to close the fourth Power module
  • a switch unit configured to send a request message to the third power module when the determining information indicates that the fourth power module is turned off, the request information indicating that the third power module is to the fourth power source
  • the module sends a shutdown signal, and the fourth power module is turned off according to the shutdown signal.
  • the fourth power module is:
  • the load detecting unit 200 includes a current detecting unit 202 for detecting an output current of itself and generating a current detecting value as the load detecting value;
  • the determining unit 208 supports processing the current detection value for determining that the self load exceeds the rated value when the current detection value is greater than the first current threshold, and the fourth power module needs to be turned on.
  • the fourth power module further includes a voltage detecting unit 205 for detecting its own output voltage and converting it into a voltage detection value output; when the voltage detection value is greater than the working voltage threshold, it is determined that it is in a power supply state.
  • a switch conversion unit 206 is provided, which is connected to the switch unit 201, the voltage detecting unit 205 and the current detecting unit 202 for controlling the pulse width of the high frequency switching signal to adjust The level of the output voltage.
  • the working principle is as follows: The pulse width (Pulse Width) of the high frequency switching signal (PWM, Pulse Width Modulation) is controlled by a closed loop feedback loop of voltage and current detection, thereby adjusting the output voltage level, when the pulse width is widened, The output voltage rises and the output voltage decreases as the pulse width narrows.
  • the voltage detecting unit 205 is further configured to form a closed loop feedback loop with the switch converting unit 206 to control the pulse width modulation of the switching unit 206 according to the voltage detected value.
  • the power module according to the embodiment of the present invention may further be configured with an overcurrent protection unit 204 for setting a threshold Ip. If the current detection value sent by the current detecting unit 202 is greater than the threshold Ip, the power module is executed. Stream protection to turn off the power module.
  • the overcurrent protection unit 204 has a time delay at which to delay In the meantime, the switch unit 201 can have enough time to judge whether the power module needs to be turned on, and once the power module is turned on within the delay time, after the current equalization, the newly added power module shares the partial load current. The power module current that generates the overcurrent protection delay will decrease and the overcurrent protection action will be invalid.
  • each power module is used as a part of the power supply device, and the above technical solutions are used to work together, through the stage, the switch mode, and through the parallel connection.
  • the output mode is externally powered.
  • the power module provided by the embodiment of the present invention is not only the common power module, and the common power module in the cascading relationship can be used as a backup, or the common power module provides the electronic device.
  • the power modules provided by the embodiments of the present invention performs power supply according to the technical solution provided by the foregoing embodiments.
  • the present invention provides a power supply system. As shown in FIG. 3, the present invention includes at least two power modules and a power distribution board 200.
  • the computing system includes a first power module and a second power module. The first power module is sequentially cascaded with the second power module;
  • each power module supports power supply by the following means:
  • the first power module is in a power supply state
  • the second power module is in a closed state
  • the first power module includes:
  • a load/current detecting unit 202 configured to acquire a load of the computing system, to generate a load detection value
  • a determining unit (not shown) is connected to the load detecting unit, and configured to generate a determining message according to the load detecting value to determine whether the second power module needs to be turned on;
  • the switch unit 206 is configured to: when the determining information indicates that the second power module needs to be turned on, send a power-on signal PSON to the second power module; wherein, the second power module is enabled to be turned on in response to the power-on signal ;
  • the first power module and the second power source are all in a power supply state
  • the second power module includes:
  • a load/current detecting unit 202 configured to acquire a load of the computer system, and generate a load detection value
  • a determining unit (not shown in the figure), configured to generate a judgment information according to the load detection value, to Determining whether to close the second power module;
  • the switch unit 206 is configured to send a request message to the first power module when the determining information indicates that the second power module is turned off, the request information indicating that the first power module is to the second
  • the power module sends a shutdown signal, and the second power module is turned off according to the shutdown signal.
  • the power modules of different individuals are respectively referred to as a first power module and a second power module, but this does not mean that the first power module is in a cascade relationship.
  • the power module that is in the first physical location and receives the power-on signal from the power distribution board is simply referred to as the relative position of the other power modules.
  • the sequential cascading of the first power module and the second power module means that the first power module is the previous stage of the second power module, and the power module.
  • each power module includes:
  • the switch unit 201, the current detecting unit 202, the current equalizing unit 203, the overcurrent protecting unit 204, the voltage detecting unit 205, the switch converting unit 206, and the power distribution unit 207 (not shown).
  • the power distribution unit 207 is located outside the power module and is connected to each power module through a different signal line. The functions of each unit are as follows:
  • the current detecting unit 202 is configured to detect an output current in the power module, and send the current detection value to the current balancing unit 203, the switch unit 201, and the overcurrent protection unit 204 for corresponding processing.
  • the current equalization unit 203 is configured to actively perform a current balancing operation.
  • the output current is determined to be less than one hour, and the output current is compensated, so that the output current reaches the total of all the power modules.
  • the average value of the output current on the contrary, when the current detection value of the current detecting unit 202 is compared with the current sharing bus, when the output current is judged to be large, the output current is compensated, so that the output current reaches the average of the total output current of all the power modules. value.
  • the output signal of the power module has a current sharing bus, which is obtained by the most typical value of the current detection circuit in all current modules, and then the current detection value and current sharing in each current module. Bus comparison.
  • the comparison value is logically operated with the voltage detection value of the voltage detecting unit, and the operation result is used to control the switching unit 206, which performs pulse width adjustment of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) of the switching power supply, thereby adjusting the output current.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the overcurrent protection unit 204 is configured to set a threshold Ip. If the current detection value sent by the current detecting unit 202 is greater than the threshold Ip, overcurrent protection is generated, and the power module is turned off.
  • the overcurrent protection unit 204 has a time delay during which the switch unit 201 can have sufficient time to determine whether the next stage power module needs to be turned on, and once the next stage power module is turned on within the delay time, current balancing is performed. After that, the newly added power module shares part of the load current, and the power module current that generates the overcurrent protection delay decreases, and the overcurrent protection action fails.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the switch conversion unit 206 is connected to the switch unit 201, the voltage detecting unit 205, and the current detecting unit 202 for completing the function of adjusting the output voltage level.
  • the working principle is as follows:
  • the pulse width (Pulse Width) of the high frequency switching signal (PWM, Pulse Width Modulation) is controlled by a closed loop feedback loop of voltage and current detection, thereby adjusting the output voltage level, when the pulse width is widened, The voltage is increased and the output voltage is reduced as the pulse width is narrowed.
  • the signal support module is used to transmit the following signals through discrete circuits or through software protocol support:
  • a power-on signal/shutdown signal sent to the second power module; as a second power module, a power-on signal/shutdown signal received from the first power module; as the first power module, the received signal comes from a voltage detection value of the second power module; as a second power module, a shutdown request issued to the first power module;
  • the received shutdown request from the second power module As the first power module, the received shutdown request from the second power module.
  • the five signals can be implemented either by discrete lines or by software protocols. In order to enable the technician to implement it in detail, the functions of each signal are described in detail below.
  • the main functions are as follows: (A) It is possible to memorize whether the power-off signal to the next-stage power module is a shutdown signal or a power-on signal;
  • the power module is in a power supply state or a shutdown state, and further determines whether it is the power module at the end of the power supply state.
  • the switch unit 201 is provided with two thresholds, a first threshold 111 and a second threshold II.
  • the power-on signal is sent to the next-stage power module; when the current sent by the received current detecting unit 202 is lower than the II value, the power module is connected to the next-stage power module.
  • a shutdown signal is sent to the power module of the next stage.
  • the present invention provides a method for managing power supply in an electronic device.
  • the first power module is applied to an electronic device, and the electronic device includes at least two a power module, and the power module is cascaded between the power modules; the method includes: Step 101: After receiving the power-on signal, enter a power supply state according to the power-on signal; and the current detection value is greater than the first current threshold Sending a power-on signal PSON to the second power module; Step 102, when receiving a shutdown request from the second power module, sending a shutdown signal to the second power module;
  • Step 103 When it is determined that it is in the power supply state, and further determines that it is the most end of the power module in the power supply state, and the current detection value is less than or equal to the second current threshold, the power supply module of the first stage sends a shutdown request.
  • the power module itself can automatically determine whether a new power module needs to be turned on.
  • the manual power supply is not required, and one or more power modules are automatically added, and the power supply is adjusted.
  • the power supply to the module, or when the load power demand is reduced, automatically reduces one or more power modules.
  • the detection of current and the balance of current involved in this process are all implemented inside the power module; the original power distribution board is simplified, and the power modules are connected by wires without even configuring the distribution board, thereby saving costs. .
  • the electronic device when there are at least three power modules, for example, the electronic device houses a third power module, the third power module enters power according to the power-on signal from the second power module. After the state, the power-on feedback of the third power module is sent to the second power module, and the power modules are preset according to the power balance rules preset by the load balancing unit in the module. The power supply power of the first power module, the second power module, and the third power module is adjusted.
  • the adjustment method of the load balancing unit can be divided into master-slave or master-slave. That is to say, there may be a power module to adjust the current of another power module, or it may be equal between the power modules, and load balancing is automatically performed by preset power balance rules.
  • the present invention also proposes a method of dynamically turning off the power between the various power modules.
  • the electronic device contains at least two power modules.
  • the method for dynamically turning off the power between the respective power modules according to the present invention includes:
  • Step 1 the second power module detects that its current is less than the second current closing value, sends a shutdown request to the first power module, and the first power module returns a shutdown signal according to the shutdown request, and the second power module is powered off according to the shutdown. The signal turns itself off and sends a second shutdown feedback to the first power module.
  • Step 2 All remaining power modules adjust their power supply according to the power balance rules preset by the load balancing unit in the module.
  • the electronic device when there are at least three power modules, for example, the electronic device houses a third power module, the third power module is based on the shutdown signal. Turn off itself, and send the third module shutdown feedback to the second power module. The remaining two modules adjust the respective power supply according to the preset power balance rules in the load balancing unit in the module, and finally reach the two modules. Power supply balance.
  • the process of turning on the power module includes:
  • Step 301 When the electronic device is powered on, the electronic device sends a power-on signal PSON to the power distribution board 200, and is transmitted to the current power module through the power distribution board 200.
  • the switch unit 201 in the current power module receives the power-on signal.
  • PSON, the notification switch conversion unit 206 performs power-on, so that the current power module is in the power supply state.
  • the current power module is the power module of the previous stage.
  • Step 302 The current averaging unit 203 performs output current equalization adjustment. If there is no power module other than the current power module, the step may be omitted.
  • the current equalization unit .203 in the power module just added to the boot queue will automatically share part of the current, and together with all other modules that are turned on, according to the current detection value in the current detection unit in the respective module, through the preset power. Balance rules to automate load balancing. Moreover, this adjustment The method is real-time, and all the time, as long as the load of the entire electronic device is changed, the current balancing unit 203 of the power module in the power supply state tries to perform the equalization adjustment. When the number of modules in the power supply state changes or the total system load power consumption changes, the load balancing adjustment will be very significant. If the number of modules and the total load power consumption do not change, the adjustment of this load street is subtle, not Significant, even negligible.
  • Step 303 Detect the current output current of the power module to obtain the current detection value It.
  • Step 304 comparing the current detection value It with the set threshold 111, and if the current detection value It is higher than Ih, the process proceeds to step 305, otherwise, the process proceeds to step 308.
  • Step 305 Determine whether the current power module is the most power module in the power module. If yes, send the power-on signal PSON to the subsequent power module, and go to step 306; otherwise Go to step 307.
  • Step 306 After the power module of the second stage is powered on, the power module VS is sent to the current power module (the former power module). The power-on signal VS will reach the power-on unit 206 in the previous-stage power module, and proceeds to step 302.
  • Step 307 delay, and go to step 302.
  • the present invention provides an application scenario in which the above technical solution is applied.
  • the current power module is the first power module
  • the first power module detects the current value immediately after the power is turned on, and sends the current detection value to the switch machine.
  • the unit 201, the switch unit 201 compares the current detection value with the set threshold 111, and if the current detection value is higher than Ih, immediately sends a power-on signal to the second power module of the subsequent stage.
  • the first power module sends a power-on signal VS; and automatically performs an output current balance adjustment with the first power module to achieve load balancing. If other power modules exist, the same reason can be seen to determine whether to open the third power module and other power modules in the subsequent work.
  • the process of turning off the power module includes:
  • Step 401 The electronic device is in the IDLE state, or the load power consumption of the electronic device is reduced due to various other reasons, and thus the power module in the power supply state needs to be reduced.
  • Step 402 The current balancing unit 203 of the current power module performs output current balancing adjustment. If there is no power module other than the current power module, the step may be omitted. Compared with the power module of the latter stage, the current power module is the power module of the previous stage.
  • Step 403 Detect the current output current of the power module to obtain the current detection value It.
  • Step 404 comparing the current detection value It with the set threshold II. If the current detection value It is lower than ⁇ , go to step 405, otherwise go to step 408.
  • Step 405 Determine whether the current power module is the last power module of all the modules in the power supply state. If yes, the power module sends a shutdown request signal to the power module and proceeds to step 406; otherwise, the process goes to step 407.
  • Step 406 The current power module sends a shutdown request signal to the first-level power module, and the previous power module sends a shutdown signal to the current power module, and the current module is shut down, and the process proceeds to step 402.
  • Step 407 delay, and then go to step 402.
  • the exception is that when the electronic device needs to shut down all the power modules with the switch of the electronic device, the electronic device sends a shutdown signal to the first power module, and the first power module sends a shutdown signal to the power module of the first stage. In this way, the shutdown signal is passed to the last power module one level to turn off all power modules.
  • the first power module is the front-end power module and is not equivalent to the first power module described above.
  • the third power module confirms that the fourth power module is in the off state, and confirms that it is The module at the end of all the modules in the power supply state; at this time, the third power module is in the power supply state, the voltage detecting unit 205 detects the output voltage VS and sends it to the second power module, the switch unit 201 of the second power module.
  • the second module confirms that it is not the most end module among all the modules in the power supply state; likewise, the first power module confirms that the second power module is in the power supply state, not all of the power supply states.
  • the module at the very end of the module performs a logic comparison, including: confirming that the module at the end of all the modules in the power state - the fourth power module is in the off state, and confirming that the current detection value is less than the threshold
  • a request signal that can be turned off is sent to the second power module; at this time, although the current detected by the second power module is less than II, because the third power module is still in the power supply state, the second power module is not all powered.
  • the module at the very end of the module cannot issue a shutdown request to the first power module.
  • the second power module sends a shutdown signal to the third power module.
  • the second power module performs current balancing adjustment with the first power module, and then determines whether a shutdown request needs to be sent to the first module. So on and so forth.
  • the technical solution provided by the application can automatically determine whether a new module needs to be opened.
  • the load power consumption requirement of the electronic device is large, one or more modules are automatically added, and the power supply power of the power module is automatically adjusted, and the whole process is completely automatic. No manual intervention is required, and all detection, judgment, and power efficiency control circuits are implemented in the power module, which greatly simplifies the power distribution board, and can even connect the power modules with wires, without the need to configure the distribution board, thereby saving costs.
  • each battery module is connected by a cascade switch mode, and the power-on signal/shutdown signal is no longer sent by the power distribution board to each power module, but is backward by one power module.
  • the power module sends a power on/off signal.
  • the power module can determine whether it is the last module in all the modules in the cascading redundant system. When the end module determines that its current is close to its maximum value, it will trigger a power-on signal output to the next level. The power module is turned on, and all the old and new power modules that have been turned on re-equalize the output current, so the current of the front-end power module will automatically drop.
  • the module at the end of all the modules in the power supply state detects the current, and judges that the actual output load is far lower than the rated load, that is, the power module of the previous stage (ie, the countdown)
  • Two power supply modules in the power supply state issue a shutdown request, and then shut down after receiving the shutdown signal from the previous power supply module; the remaining modules in the power supply module re-balance the current distribution; the second-to-last power supply module does the same Detect and determine if you need to turn it off; and so on.
  • the power module in the power supply state can automatically determine whether a new power module needs to be turned on, or needs to be self-closed to implement automatic adjustment of the configuration of the redundant power module, including: When the power consumption requirement is small, one or more power modules are automatically turned off to achieve efficiency and power saving. When the load power consumption demand is large, one or more power modules are automatically added. The opening of each power module is opened step by step from the previous stage to the next stage; when the power is turned off, it is turned off step by step from the latter stage to the previous stage. The whole process is completely automatic and does not require manual pre-preparation. All detection, judgment, and control circuits are in the module, and the power distribution board is greatly simplified. It is even possible to connect individual power modules with wires without modifying the distribution plate.

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Description

一种电源模块和电源系统 技术领域
本发.明涉及电源管理技术， 特别是指一种电源模块和电源系统。 背景技术
现有的电子设备中多备有冗余电源模块， 当电子设备的负载功耗很大时， 各电源模块共同分担负载功耗。但是随着在电子设备上应用省电技术所带来的 效果， 当负载功耗对电力的需求变小时， 需要考虑如何将冗余电源模块的自身 功耗降下来。
从电源本身的电特性来看，一个电源承担的负载只有在大于自身额定功率
20%以上时， 其自身的效率才会达到额定效率， 当承^ I的负载低于 20%时， 其 自身的效率会快速下降，通常可能会维持在 50%左右。 当一个电子设备中有多 个电源模块时， 而负载功耗对电力的需求较小时， 每个电源模块分担的输出功 率很小导致效率会降低， 电源的总体效率会很低。
现有技术中，所有冗余电源模块并联，通过一个背板进行均流及输出连接， 开机信号仅由一个系统开机信号输入到分配板后，所有冗余电源模块同时并行 开关机。
发明人 现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：在以冗余电源提供电力的过程 中， 所有冗余电源模块必须同时启动或关闭， 无法实现部分模块开启的同时关 闭另外一部分模块， 但是由于电子设备的负载功耗小， 就会出现每个冗余电源 模块分摊的功率很小， 导致供电效率很低； 而如果采用人工干预， 但人工千预 的前提是操作人员必须清楚知整个电子设备的负载功耗需求以及每个冗余电 源模块的输出功率， 但这对于操作人员非常困难。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电源模块和电源系统， 用于解决现有技术中， 在 以冗余电源提供电力的过程中， 所有冗余电源模块只能同时启动或关闭， 导致 供电效率很低； 以及人工操作管理电源过于困难的缺陷。 根据本发明， 提出了一种电源模块， 所述电源模块作为第一电源模块应用 于计算系统中， 所述计算系统还包括第二电源模块， 所述第一电源模块与所述 第二电源模块顺序级联， 所述第一电源模块处于供电状态， 所述第二电源模块 处于关闭状态， 所述第一电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 与负载检测单元连接， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信 息， 以判断是否需要开启所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示需要开启所述第二电源模块时， 发 送开机信号 PSON给所述第二电源模块；
其中， 所述第二电源模块响应所述开机信号实现开启。
优选地， 所述负载检测单元包括：
电流检测单元，用于检测电源模块自身的输出电流并生成电流检测值作为 所述负载检测值。
优选地， 在所述电源模块中， 所述判断单元在所述电流检测值大于第一电 流阈值时判定需要开启所述第二电源模块。
优选地， 所述电源模块还包括：
电压检测单元， 用于检测自身的输出电压并转化为电压检测值输出； 其中，当所述电压检测值大于工作电压阈值时所述电源模块判定自身处于 供电状态。
优选地， 所述电源模块还包括：
电流均衡单元， 用于根据预先设定的功率平衡规则， 对第一电源模块和第 二电源模块的输出电流进行调整， 使每一个电源模块的所述输出电流实现均 衡。
优选地， 所述电源模块， 还包括：
应急模块， 用于当第一电源模块自身损坏时， 向所述第二电源模块发送应 急指令， 该应急指令指示第二电源模块切换到供电状态， 并使第二电源模块替 代第一电源模块进行供电。
根据本发明， 提出了一种电源模块， 其特征在于， 所述电源模块作为第四 电源模块应用于计算系统中， 所述计算系统还包括第三电源模块， 所述第三电 源模块与所述第四电源模块顺序级联，所述第三电源模块和所述第四电源均处 于供电状态， 所述第四电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算机系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信息， 以判断是否关闭所 述第四电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示关闭所述第四电源模块时， 向所述 第三电源模块发出一请求信息，所述请求信息指示所述第三电源模块向所述第 四电源模块发送关机信号， 所述第四电源模块根据所述关扭,信号实现关闭。
优选地， 在所述电源模块中， 所述负载检测单元包括： 电流检测单元， 用 于检测自身的输出电流并生成电流检测值作为所述负载检测值， 其中， 所述判 断单元在所述电流检测值小于第二电流阈值时，判定需要关闭第四电源模块自 身；
所述电源模块还包括： 电压检测单元， 用于检测自身的输出电压并转化为 电压检测值输出； 其中， 当所述电压检测值大于工作电压阈值时所述电源模块 判定自身处于供电状态。
根据本发明，提出了一种电源系统，包括至少两个电源模块和电源分配板， 其特征在于， 所述电源模块作为第一电源模块应用于计算系统中， 所述计算系 统还包括第二电源模块， 所述第一电源模块与所述第二电源模块顺序级联； 其中，
所述第一电源模块处于供电状态， 所述第二电源模块处于关闭状态， 所述 第一电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 与负载检测单元连接， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信 息， 以判断是否需要开启所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示需要开启所述第二电源模块时， 发 送开机信号 PSON给所述第二电源模块； 其中， 所述第二电源模块响应所述开 机信号实现开启；
或者，
所述第一电源模块和所述第二电源均处于供电状态，所述第二电源模块包 括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算机系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信息， 以判断是否关闭所 述第二电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示关闭所述第二电源模块时， 向所述 第一电源模块发出一请求信息，所述请求信息指示所述第一电源模块向所述第 二电源模块发送关机信号， 所述第二电源模块根据该关机信号实现关闭。
优选地， 所述电源系统还包括：
信号支持模块，用于通过分立电路传输或者通过软件协议支持实现如下信 号：
作为第一电源模块， 向第二电源模块发出的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第二电源模块， 接收到的来自第一电源模块的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的电压检测值； 作为第二电源模块， 向第一电源模块发出的自身的关机请求；
作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的关机请求。
应用根据本发明所提供的技术方案，电源模块自身能自动判断是否需要开 启新的电源模块， 当电子设备的负载功耗需求增加时， 不需要人工干预， 自动 增加一个或多个电源模块并调节电源模块的供电功率； 当电子设备的负载功耗 需求减小时， 可以自动关闭一个或多个电源模块， 使整个冗余电源模块的效率 最大。 这一过程中涉及到的对于电流的检测， 电流的平衡等操作均在电源模块 内部实现； 简化了原有的电源分配板， 甚至不须配置分配板而用导线连 "^各个 电源模块， 节省了成本。 附图说明
图 1 为本发.明实施例电源模块结构示意图一；
图 2为本发明实施例电源模块结构示意图二；
图 3为本发.明实施例一种电源系统结构示意图；
图 4为本发明实施例电子设备中管理多电源模块的方法流程示意图； 图 5为本发明实施例开启电源模块的过程示意图； 图 6为本发.明实施例关闭电源模块的过程示意图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术特征和实施效果更加清楚， 下面将结合附图及具 体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。 本发.明提供的实施例中， 在电子 设备负载功耗增大时， 可以按照级联顺序自动地增加处于工作状态-供电状态 的电源模块的数量； 而当电子设备负载功耗减小时， 再次按顺序关闭一个或几 个电源模块， 使冗余电源模块达到最大的效率， 以利节省电能。
本发明实施例所提供的电源模块不同于现有技术的电源模块，在各个电源 一级的电源模块发送开机信号， 也可以向前一级发送关机请求。 其中， 如果电 源模块位于级联关系中的第一个位置， 则直接接收来自其他元器件 -例如电源 分配板 200的开机信号， 并根据该开机信号开机后供电， 如果 -个电源模块位 于级联关系中的所有电源模块中的末尾位置，则只需要向上一级电源模块发送 关机请求。
为简化技术人员实现本发明技术思想的复杂度， 在各个实施例中， 提供了 具有不同功能的电源模块， 包括：
电源模块只具有开启后一级电源模块的功能，在判断需要加大对外提供的 功率时， 向后一级电源模块发送开机信号。
以及， 电源模块只具有关闭自身的功能， 在判断需要减小对外提供的功率 时， 向前一级电源模块发送关机信号。
以及， 各个电源模块可以向后一级的电源模块发送开机信号， 也可以向前 一级发送关机请求； 并且可以在发送所述关机请求之前， 判断自身是否是所有 处于供电状态的电源模块中处于末尾位置的电源模块。
当然， 为了便于实施， 每个电源模块都可以向后一级的电源模块发送开机 信号， 也可以向前一级发送关机请求。 当电源模块位于电源模块组的第一位置 时， 虽然也可以向前一级电源模块发出关机请求， 但是因为再也没有前一级电 源模块可接收此信号， 因此该关机请求不起作用； 同样， 当电源模.块位于电源 模块组的最后位置时， 虽然也可以向后一级电源模块发出开机信号， 但是因为 再也没有后一级电源模块可接收此信号， 因此该开机信号不起作用。
根据本发明实施例的一种电源模块如图 1所示，所述电源模块作为第一电 源模块应用于计算系统中， 所述计算系统还包括第二电源模块， 所述第一电源 模块与所述第二电源模块顺序级 Jf关， 所述第一电源模块处于供电状态， 所述第 二电源模块处于关闭状态， 所述第一电源模块包括：
负载检测单元 200，用于获取所述计算系统的负载，产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元 208， 与负载检测单元 200连接， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生 —判断信息， 以判断是否需要开启所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元 201 , 用于当所述判断信息表示需要开启所述第二电源模块 时， 发送开机信号 PSON给所述第二电源模块；
其中， 所述第二电源模块响应所述开机信号实现开启。
应用所提供的技术方案， 能自动判断是否需要开启新的模块， 当电子设.备 的负载功耗需求大时， 自动增加一个或多个模块， 自动调节电源模块的供电功 率， 整个过程完全自动进行， 不需要人工干预， 所有检测、 判断、 供电效率控 制电路都在电源模块内实现，使得电源分配板得到很大简化， 甚至可以用导线 连接各个电源模块， 不须配置分配板， 节省了成本。
其中， 第一电源模块与第二电源模块顺序级联.是指， 两个电源模块可以根 据输出功率的大小， 由第一个电源模块向第二个电源发开机信号或关机信号； 或者当有多个电源模块时，由上一级电源模块向下一级电源模块发开机信号或 关机信号， 这样一级一级开机， 或一级一级关机。 在开关机方式上， 相对于传 统电源系统由一个开关机信号同时开启所有电源模块或关闭所有电源模块而 言， 即为级联方式。 但是在级联开机之后， 两个（或多个） 电源模块在输出功 率上是并联输出供电。 换言之， 级联开关机， 并联输出供电。
需要说明的是， 所提供的技术方案中， 为了方便描述， 将不同个体的电源 模块分别称为第一电源模块、 第二电源模块、 第三电源模块以及第四电源模块 等，但是这并不表示该第一电源模块必须是级联关系中处于第一物理位置并接 收来自电源分配板的开机信号的那一个特定的电源模块，而是为了区别于其他 电源模块在级联关系中的相对位置而作此称谓。对于前一级电源模块和后一级 电源模块的描述与之类似， 例如， 因为第一电源模块并不表示该第一电源模块 必须是级联关系中处于第一物理位置并接收来自电源分配板的开机信号的那 一个特定的电源模块， 因此该第一电源模块仍然可以存在前一级电源模块。 第 一电源模块与第二电源模块的顺序级联表示第一电源模块是第二电源模块的 前一级电源模块，第三电源模块与第四电源模块顺序级联表示第三电源模块是 第四电源模块的前一级电源模块。
根据本发明另一实施例的电源模块如图 2所示，与图 〗所示的电源模块的 不同在于：
所述负载检测单元 200包括电流检测单元 202， 用于检测自身的输出电流 并生成电流检测值作为所述负载检测值。
所述判断单元 208支持处理所述电流检测值，用于在所述电流检测值大于 第一电流阈值时判定自身负载超出额定值， 需要开启所述第二电源模块。
图 2所示的电源模块还包括电压检测单元 205， 用于检测自身的输出电压 并转化为电压检测值输出； 当所述电压检测值大于工作电压阈值时判定自身处 于供电状态。
根据本发明另一实施例的电源模块如图 3所示， 还包括：
电流均衡单元 203， 用于根据预先设定的功率平衡规则， 对第一电源模块 和第二电源模块的输出电流进行调整，使每一个电源模块的所述输出电流均小 于等于所述第一电流阈值； 其中， 所述第一电源模块和第二电源模块之间通过 级联方式开启后， 通过并联方式对外供电。
根据本发明实施例的电源模块还包括应急模块，用于当第一电源模块自身 损坏时， 向第二电源模块发送应急指令， 该应急指令指示第二电源模块切换到 供电状态， 并使第二电源模块替代第一电源模块进行供电。
据本发明实施例的电源模块还包括信号支持模块，用于通过分立电路传输 或者通过协议支持实现如下信号：
作为第一电源模块， 向第二电源模块发出的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第二电源模块， 接收到的来自第一电源模块的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的电压检测值； 作为第二电源模块， 向第一电源模块发出的自身的关机请求；
作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的关机请求。 对应的， 本发.明实施例还提供一种电源模块， 所述电源模块作为第四电源 模块应用于计算系统中， 所述计算系统还包括第三电源模块， 所述第三电源模 块与所述第四电源模块顺序级联，所述第三电源模块和所述第四电源均处于供 电状态， 所述第四电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算机系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 与负载检测单元连接， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信 息， 以判断是否关闭所述第四电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示关闭所述第四电源模块时， 向所述 第三电源模块发出一请求信息，所述请求信息指示所述第三电源模块向所述第 四电源模块 ^送关机信号， 所述第四电源模块根据该关机信号实现关闭。
其中， 所述第四电源模块中：
所述负载检测单元 200包括电流检测单元 202， 用于检测自身的输出电流 并生成电流检测值作为所述负载检测值；
所述判断单元 208支持处理所述电流检测值，用于在所述电流检测值大于 第一电流阈值时判定自身负载超出额定值， 需要开启所述第四电源模块。
所述第四电源模块还包括电压检测单元 205， 用于检测自身的输出电压并 转化为电压检测值输出； 当所述电压检测值大于工作电压阈值时判定自身处于 供电状态。
在各个电源模块互相配合工作的过程中， 设置了开关变换单元 206， 与开 关机单元 201、 电压检测单元 205和电流检测单元 202连接， 用于对高频开关 信号的脉冲宽度进行控制， 以调节输出电压的高低。 其工作原理在于： 通过电 压及电流检测的闭环反馈回路对高频开关信号 (PWM, Pulse Width Modulation) 的脉沖宽度 (Pulse Width)进行控制， 从而调节输出电压的高低， 当脉冲宽度加 宽时， 输出电压会升高， 当脉冲宽度变窄时， 输出电压会降低。
电压检测单元 205还用于与开关变换单元 206形成闭环反馈回路，以根.据 电压检测值控制开关变换单元 206的脉宽调制。
如图 3所示，根据本发明实施例的电源模块还可配置有过流保护单元 204 , 用于设定一阈值 Ip,如果电流检测单元 202送入的电流检测值大于阈值 Ip时， 执行过流保护以关闭电源模块。 过流保护单元 204有一时间延迟， 在此延迟时 间内， 开关机单元 201能有足够的时间判断是否需要开启后一级电源模块， 在 延迟时间内一旦开启了后一级电源模块， 经过电流均衡后， 新加入的电源模块 分担 -部分负载电流， 产生过流保护延迟的电源模块电流会下降， 过流保护动 作失效。
可以看出， 多个电源模块之间是可以互相组合的， 在级联之后， 每一个电 源模块作为供电装置的一部分， 应用上述技术方案互相配合工作， 通过级,联方 式开关机， 并通过并联输出方式对外供电。
当处于级联关系中的各个电源中， 不仅有本发明实施例提供的电源模块， 而且存在普通电源模块时， 级联关系中的普通电源模块可以作为备用， 或者， 普通电源模块为电子设备提供固定的功率输出 ,本发明实施例提供的各个电源 模块依据前述实施例提供的技术方案进行供电。
应用所提供的电源模块， 本发明提供了一种电源系统， 如图 3所示， 包括 至少两个电源模块和电源分配板 200, 所述计算系统包括第一电源模块和第二 电源模块， 所述第一电源模块与所述第二电源模块顺序级联；
其中， 各个电源模块之间支持通过如下方式配合供电：
所述第一电源模块处于供电状态， 所述第二电源模块处于关闭状态， 所述 第一电源模块包括：
负载 /电流检测单元 202 , 用于获取所述计算系统的负载， 产生一个负载检 测值；
判断单元 （图中未示出）， 与负载检测单元连接， 用于根据所述负载检测 值产生一判断信息， 以判断是否需要开启所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元 206， 用于当所述判断信息表示需要开启所述第二电源模块 时， 发送开机信号 PSON给所述第二电源模块； 其中， 所述第二电源模块响应 所述开机信号实现开启；
或者， 所述第一电源模块和所述第二电源均处于供电状态， 所述第二电源 模块包括：
负载 /电流检测单元 202， 用于获取所述计算机系统的负载， 产生一个负载 检测值；
判断单元 （图中未.示出）， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信息， 以 判断是否关闭所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元 206， 用于当所述判断信息表示关闭所述第二电源模块时， 向 所述第一电源模块发出一请求信息，所述请求信息指示所述第一电源模块向所 述第二电源模块发送关机信号， 所述第二电源模块根据该关机信号实现关闭。
需要说明的是， 所提供的技术方案中， 为了方便描述， 将不同个体的电源 模块分别称为第一电源模块、 第二电源模块， 但是这并不表示该第一电源模块 就是级联关系中处于第一物理位置并接收来自电源分配板的开机信号的那一 个电源模块， 而仅仅是为了区别于其他电源模块的相对位置而作此称谓。 第一 电源模块与第二电源模块顺序级联意味着第一电源模块是第二电源模块的前 一级,电源模块。
还可对电子设备中的电源模块进行扩展，如图 3所示，在一个电子设备中， 每个电源模块中包括了：
开关机单元 201、 电流检测单元 202、 电流均衡单元 203、 过流保护单元 204、电压检测单元 205、开关变换单元 206、以及电源分配单元 207 (未示出）。 其中， 电源分配单元 207位于电源模块的外部， 并且通过不同的信号线与各个 电源模块连接。 各个单元的功能如下：
电流检测单元 202用于对电源模块内的输出电流进行检测，并将电流检测 值送到电流均衡单元 203、 开关机单元 201、 以及过流保护单元 204进行相应 的处理。
电流均衡单元 203 用于主动进行电流均衡操作， 当接收到电流检测单元 202的电流检测值与均流总线比较后， 判断输出电流较.小时， 进行输出电流补 偿， 使输出电流达到所有电源模块总输出电流的平均值； 反之， 当接收到电流 检测单元 202的电流检测值与均流总线比较后， 判断输出电流较大时， 进行输 出电流补偿， 使输出电流达到所有电源模块总输出电流的平均值。 电源模块的 输出信号中有一均流总线，该均流总线是由所有电流模块中电流检测电路检测 值中最具典型意义的数值而得，然后每一个电流模块中的电流检测值与这个均 流总线比较。 比较值与电压检测单元的电压检测值进行逻辑运算， 运算结果用 来控制开关变换单元 206, 该开关变换单元 206进行开关电源的 PWM(Pulse width modulation)的脉宽调节， 进而调节输出电流。 电流均衡单元 203是由世 界大公司的公开销售的专用 IC或分立电路来实现的， 可能有多种形式， 且不 会影响本发明各个实施例的技术可行性。
过流保护单元 204用于设定一阈值 Ip,如果电流检测单元 202送入的电流 检测值大于阈值 Ip时， 产生过流保护， 关闭电源模块。 过流保护单元 204有 一时间延迟， 在此延迟时间内， 开关机单元 201能有足够的时间判断是否需要 开启后一级电源模块， 在延迟时间内一旦开启了下一级电源模块， 经过电流均 衡后， 新加入的电源模块分担一部分负载电流， 产生过流保护延迟的电源模块 电流会下降， 过流保护动作失效。
电压检测单元 205用于当电源模块工作时，检测到输出电压并转化为一逻 辑信号 VS; 当该电源模块不工作时， VS=0。 同时对输出电压的检测形成闭环 反馈回路用以控制开关变换单元 206 的脉宽调制（PWM , Pulse Width Modulation)„
开关变换单元 206与开关机单元 201、 电压检测单元 205和电流检测单元 202连接， 用于完成调节输出电压高低的功能。 其工作原理在于： 通过电压及 电流检测的闭环反馈回路对高频开关信号 (PWM , Pulse Width Modulation)的脉 冲宽度 (Pulse Width)进行控制，从而调节输出电压的高低， 当脉冲宽度加宽时， 愉出电压会升高， 当脉冲宽度.变窄时， 输出电压会降低。
根据本发明实施例的电源模块还包括：
信号支持模块，用于通过分立电路传输或者通过软件协议支持实现如下信 号：
作为第一电源模块， 向第二电源模块发出的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第二电源模块， 接收到的来自第一电源模块的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的电压检测值； 作为第二电源模块， 向第一电源模块发出的自身的关机请求；
作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的关机请求。
五个信号既可以由分立线路实现， 也可以由软件协议实现。 其中， 为了使 得技术人员可以具体实现， 以下对各个信号的功能进行详细描述， 主要功能在 于： （A)能够记忆向后一级电源模块发出的是关机信号还是开机信号；
通过接收来自后一级电源模块的电压检测值 VS的逻辑电平， 判断后一级 电源模块是处于供电状态或是关闭状态，进一步判断自身是否是处于供电状态 下最末端的电源模块。
(B)开关机单元 201 中设定有两个阈值， 第一阈值 111以及第二阈值 II。 当 接收到电流检测单元 202发出的电流高于 Ih时， 向后一级电源模块发出开机 信号； 当接收到的电流检测单元 202发出的电流低于 II值时， 同时接到后一 级电源模块的关机请求时， 向后一级电源模块发出关机信号。
(C)当一个电源模块损坏时， 自动指示后一级电源模块切换到供电状态； 此时， 如果该后一级电源模块处于关闭状态， 则应自动启动。 并使后一级电源 模块替代前一级损坏的电源模块进行供电。
对应的， 基于所提供的电源模块， 本发明提供一种电子设备中管理电源供 电的方法， 如图 4所示， 应用于电子设备中的第一电源模块， 所述电子设备中 至少包括两个电源模块， 且所述电源模块之间级联式开关机； 该方法包括： 步骤 101 , 接收到开机信号后， 根据所述开机信号进入供电状态； 并在所 述电流检测值大于第一电流阈值时， 发送开机信号 PSON给第二电源模块； 步骤, 102, 当接收到来自第二电源模块的关机请求时， 向第二电源模块发 出关机信号；
步骤 103， 当判定自身处于供电状态， 并进一步判定自身是处于供电状态 的电源模块的最末端， 且所述电流检测值小于等于第二电流阈值时， 向前一级 电源模块发出关机请求。
应用所提供的技术方案，电源模块自身能自动判断是否需要开启新的电源 模块， 当电子设备的负载功耗需求增加时， 不需要人工千预， 自动增加一个或 多个电源模块， 并调节电源模块的供电功率， 或当负载功耗需求减小时， 自动 减少一个或多个电源模块。 这一过程中涉及到的对于电流的检测， 电流的平衡 等操作均在电源模块内部实现； 简化了原有的电源分配板， 甚至不须配置分配 板而用导线连接各个电源模块， 节省了成本。
在根据本发明实施例的方法中， 当存在至少三个电源模块时， 例如电子设 备包舍一个第三电源模块，则该第三电源模块在根据来自第二电源模块的所述 开机信号进入供电状态之后， 将向第二电源模块发送第三电源模块的开机反 馈， 由三个电源模块一起根据模块内负载均衡单元预先设定的功率平衡规则， 对第一电源模块、 第二电源模块和第三电源模块的供电功率进行调整。 负载均 衡单元的调整方法可以分主从， 也可以不分主从。 即是说， 可能会有一个电源 模块去调节另一电源模块的电流， 也有可能各电源模块之间是平等的， 通过预 置的功率平衡规则自动进行负载均衡。
进一步的，本发明还提出了一种在各个电源模块之间实现动态的关闭电源 的方法。 不失一般性， 该电子设备包含至少两个电源模块。
当电子设备的负载减少时，根据本发明的在各个电源模块之间实现动态的 关闭电源的方法包括：
步骤 1， 第二电源模块检测到自身的电流小于笫二电流关闭阁值， 向第一 电源模块发送关机请求， 由第一电源模块根据该关机请求返回关机信号， 所述 第二电源模块根据关机信号关闭自身， 并向第一电源模块发出第二关机反馈； 步骤 2 , 所有剩余电源模块根据模块内负载均衡单元预先设定的功率平衡 规则对自身的供电功率进行调整。
根据本发明的在各个电源模块之间实现动态的关闭电源的方法中，当存在 至少三个电源模块时， 例如电子设备包舍一个第三电源模块， 则该第三电源模 块根据所述关机信号关闭自身， 并向第二电源模块发送第三模块关机反馈， 剩 余的两个模块根据模块内负载均衡单元内预先设定的功率平衡规则，对各自的 供电功率进行调整， 最终达到两个模块的供电功率平衡。
如图 5所示， 并参考附图 3 , 开启电源模块的过程包括：
步骤 301 , 电子设备开机时， 该电子设备向电源分配板 200发.出开机信号 PSON, 通过电源分配板 200传递给当前的电源模块， 当前的电源模块中的开 关机单元 201接到该开机信号 PSON, 通知开关变换单元 206执行开机， 使当 前的电源模块处于供电状态。
相对于后一级电源模块而言， 当前的电源模块则是前一级电源模块。 步骤 302 , 电流均街单元 203进行输出电流均衡调节， 如果没有除当前的 电源模块之外的其他电源模块， 则该步驟可以省略。
通常，刚加入开机行列的电源模块内的电流均衡单元 .203会自动分担部分 电流，并与所有开机的其他模块一起根据各自模块内的电流检测单元内的电流 检测值， 通过预先设定的功率平衡规则， 自动进行负载均衡。 而且， 这种调节 方法是实时的， 无时不在的， 只要整个电子设备的负载发.生了一些变化， 处于 供电状态的电源模块的电流均衡单元 203就会试图进行均衡调整。当处于供电 状态的模块的数量变化或者系统总负载功耗变化时， 负载均衡的调节会非常显 著， 如果模块数量及总负载功耗不出现变化， 这种负载均街的调整是细微的， 不显著的， 甚至是可以忽略的。
步骤. 303 , 对当前的电源模块的输出电流进行检测， 获取电流检测值 It。 步骤 304, 将电流检测值 It与设定的阈值 111进行比较， 如果电流检测值 It高于 Ih则转向步骤 305 , 否则转向步骤 308。
步骤 305 , 判断当前的电源模块是否是所有处于供电状态的电源模块.中最 末端的电源模块， 如果是， 即向后续的后一级电源模块发.出开机信号 PSON， 并转步骤 306; 否则转步骤 307。
步骤 306, 后一级电源模块开机后处于供电状态后， 向当前的电源模块 (前 一级电源模块)发出已开机信号 VS。 该已开机信号 VS会到达前一级电源模块 中的开关机单元 206， 并转步骤 302。
步骤 307, 延时， 并转步骤 302。
步骤. 308， 结束。
本发明提供了应用上述技术方案的应用场景， 为描述方便， 如果当前的电 源模块为第一电源模块， 则， 第一电源模块开机后立即检测电流的数值， 并将 电流检测值送入开关机单元 201 , 开关机单元 201将该电流检测值与设定的阈 值 111进行比较， 如果电流检测值高于 Ih, 立即向后一级的第二电源模块发出 开机信号。 第二电源模块开机处于供电状态后， 向第一电源模块发出已开机信 号 VS; 并自动与第一电源模块进行输出电流均衡调节， 达到负载均衡目的。 如果还存在其他的电源模块， 则同理可知在后续工作过程中， 需要判断是否开 启第三电源模块以及后续的其他电源模块。
如图 6所示， 并参考附图 3 , 关闭电源模块的过程包括：
步骤 401， 电子设备处于 IDLE状态， 或者因为其他各种原因使电子设备 的负载功耗降低， 进而需要减少处于供电状态的电源模块。
步骤 402， 当前的电源模块的电流均衡单元 203进行输出电流均衡调节， 如果没.有除当前的电源模块之外的其他电源模块， 则该步骤可以省略。 相对于后一级电源模块而言， 当前的电源模块则是前一级电源模块。
步骤 403， 对当前的电源模块的输出电流进行检测， 获取电流检测值 It。 步骤 404， 将电流检测值 It与设定的阈值 II进行比较， 如果电流检测值 It 低于 Π时， 转步骤 405, 否则转步骤 408。
步骤 405 , 判断当前的电源模块是否是所有处于供电状态的模块中最末端 的电源模块， 如果是则向前一级电源模块发出关机请求信号并转步骤 406; 否 则转步骤 407。
步骤 406, 当前电源模块向前一级电源模块发出关机请求信号， 前一级电 源模块向当前的电源模块发出关机信号， 当前模块关机， 转步骤 402。
步骤 407, 延时， 并转步骤 402。
步骤 408， 结束。
例外存在于， 当电子设备需要用电子设备的开关对所有电源模块关机时， 此时电子设备向第一个电源模块发关机信号，第一个电源模块向后一级电源模 块发关机信号。 如此， 则关机信号一级一级传递到最后一个电源模块， 以关闭 所有的电源模块。 其中， 第一个电源模块是最前端的电源模块， 并不等同于上 面所述的第一电源模块。
根据附图 5以及上述步骤所描述的工作原理， 在一个工作场景中， 假设电 子设备内有四个甚至更多的电源模块， 前三个电源模块处于供电状态， 第四个 以及以后的电源模块均处于关闭状态。 现由于电子设备处于 IDLE状态， 需求 负载量减小， 有三个电源模块工作， 且这三个电源模块的电流检测单元 202 均检测出其输出电流小于阈值 II。
第四电源模块由于关闭状态， 因此其输出的电压检测值为 VS=0， 并送入 到第三电源模块， 第三电源模块据此确认第四电源模块处于关闭状态， 并以此 确认自身为所有处于供电状态的模块中最末端的模块；此时第三电源模块处于 供电状态， 其电压检测单元 205检测出输出电压 VS并送入第二电源模块， 第 二电源模块的开关机单元 201.确认第三电源模块处于供电状态，第二模块以此 确认自身不是所有处于供电状态的模块中最末端的模块； 同样， 第一电源模块 确认第二电源模块处于供电状态，不是所有处于供电状态的模块中最末端的模 块。 第三电源模块进行逻辑比较， 包括： 确认属于所有处于供电状态的模块中 最末端的模块 -第四个电源模块处于关闭状态， 同时确认电流检测值小于阈值
11, 因此向第二电源模块发出可以关闭的请求信号； 此时尽管第二电源模块同 样检测出的电流小于 II， 因为第三电源模块尚处于供电状态， 因此第二电源模 块不是所有处于供电状态的模块中最末端的模块，不能向第一电源模块发出关 机请求。
第二电源模块向第三电源模块发出关机信号。第二电源模块与第一电源模 块进行电流均衡调节， 再判断是否需要向第一模块发出关机请求。 依此类推。
应用所提供的技术方案， 能自动判断是否需要开启新的模块， 当电子设备 的负载功耗需求大时， 自动增加一个或多个模块， 自动调节电源模块的供电功 率， 整个过程完全自动进行， 不需要人工干预， 所有检测、 判断、 供电效率控 制电路都在电源模块内实现， 使得电源分配板得到很大简化， 甚至可以用导线 连接各个电源模块， 不须配置分配板， 节省了成本。
本发明的实施例具有以下有益效果，各个电池模块之间采用级联开关机方 式连接， 开机信号 /关机信号不再由电源分配板统一向各电源模块发出， 而是 由一个电源模块向后一级电源模块发开机信号 /关机信号。
电源模块能够判断自已是否是级联冗余系统中所有处于供电状态的模块 中最末端的模块， 当最末端模块判断自身的电流已经接近其最大值时， 会触发 一个开机信号输出给下一级电源模块， 使其开机， 所有已经开启的新旧电源模 块一起重新进行输出电流的平均分配， 因此前级电源模块的电流会自动降下 来。
电子设备系统负载需求变小时，所有处于供电状态的模块中最末端的模块 检测电流， 判断其实际输出的负载量远远低于其额定负载量时， 即向前一级电 源模块 (即倒数第二个处于供电状态的电源模块)发出关机请求， 得到前一级电 源模块发出的关机信号后关机；余下的所有处于供电状态的模块中的模块重新 进行电流均衡分配； 倒数第二电源模块做同样的检测并判断是否需要自身关 掉； 依次类推。
采用本方案之后，处于供电状态的电源模块能自动判断是否需要开启新的 电源模块， 或者需要自我关闭， 实现自动调节冗余电源模块的配置， 包括： 负 载功耗需求小时， 自动关闭一个或多个电源模块， 以达到提高效率、 节省电能 的效果； 当负载功耗需求大时， 自动增加一个或多个电源模块。 各个电源模块 的开启是由前级往后级逐级打开的； 关机时是由后级向前级逐级关机。 整个过 程完全自动进行， 不需要人工千预。 所有检测、 判断、 控制电路都在模块内， 电源分配板得到很大简化。 甚至可以用导线连接各个电源模块， 不须修改分配 板。
应当说明的是， 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制， 所有 的参数取值可以根据实际情况调整，且在该权利保护范围内。 本领域的普通技 术人员应当理解， 可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换， 而不脱离 本发明技术方案的精神范围， 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种电源模块， 所述电源模块作为第一电源模块应用于计算系统中， 所述计算系统还包括第二电源模块，所述第一电源模块与所述第二电源模块顺 序级联， 所述第一电源模块处于供电状态， 所述第二电源模块处于关闭状态， 所述第一电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 与负载检测单元连接， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信 息， 以判断是否需要开启所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示需要开启所述第二电源模块时， 发 送开机信号 PSON给所述第二电源模块；
其中， 所述第二电源模块响应所述开机信号实现开启。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的电源模块， 其特征在于， 所述负载检测单元包 括：
电流检测单元，用于检测电源模块自身的输出电流并生成电流检测值作为 所述负载检测值。
3. 根 权利要求 2所述的电源模块， 其特征在于，
所述判断单元在所述电流检测值大于第一电流阈值时判定需要开启所述 第二电源模块。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的电源模块， 其特征在于， 还包括：
电压检测单元， 用于检测自身的输出电压并转化为电压检测值输出； 其中，当所述电压检测值大于工作电压阈值时所述电源模块判定自身处于 供电状态。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的电源模块， 其特征在于， 还包括：
电流均銜单元， 用于根据预先设定的功率平衡规则， 对第一电源模块和第 二电源模块的输出电流进行调整， 使每一个电源模块的所述输出电流实现均 衡。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的电源模块， 其特征在于， 还包括：
应急模块， 用于当第一电源模块自身损坏时， 向所述第二电源模块发送应 急指令， 该应急指令指示第二电源模块切换到供电状态， 并使第二电源模块替 代第一电源模块进行供电。
7. 一种电源模块， 其特征在于， 所述电源模块作为第四电源模块应用于 计算系统中， 所述计算系统还包括第三电源模块， 所述第三电源模块与所述第 四电源模块顺序级 if关， 所述第三电源模块和所述第四电源均处于供电状态， 所 述第四电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算机系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信息， 以判断是否关闭所 述第四电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示关闭所述第四电源模块时， 向所述 第三电源模块发出一请求信息，所述请求信息指示所述第三电源模块向所述第 四电源模块发送关机信号， 所述第四电源模块根据所述关机信号实现关闭。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的电源模块， 其特征在于，
所述负载检测单元包括： 电流检测单元， 用于检测自身的输出电流并生成 电流检测值作为所述负载检测值， 其中， 所述判断单元在所述电流检测值小于 第二电流阈值时， 判定需要关闭第四电源模块自身；
所述第四电源模块还包括：
电压检测单元， 用于检测自身的输出电压并转化为电压检测值输出； 其中，当所述电压检测值大于工作电压阈值时所述第四电源模块判定自身 处于供电状态。
9. 一种电源系统， 包括至少两个电源模块和电源分配板， 其特征在于， 所述计算系统包括第一电源模块和第二电源模块，所述第一电源模块与所 述第二电源模块顺序级联；
其中，
所述第一电源模块处于供电状态， 所述第二电源模块处于关闭状态， 所述 第一电源模块包括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 与负载检测单元连接， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信 息， 以判断是否需要开启所述第二电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示需要开启所述第二电源模块时， 发 送开机信号 PSON给所述第二电源模块； 其中， 所述第二电源模块响应所述开 机信号实现开启；
或者，
所述第一电源模块和所述第二电源均处于供电状态，所述.第二电源模块包 括：
负载检测单元， 用于获取所述计算机系统的负载， 产生一个负载检测值； 判断单元， 用于根据所述负载检测值产生一判断信息， 以判断是否关闭所 述第二电源模块；
开关机单元， 用于当所述判断信息表示关闭所述第二电源模块时， 向所述 第一电源模块发出一请求信息，所述请求信息指示所述第一电源模块向所述第 二电源模块发送关机信号， 所述第二电源模块根据该关机信号实现关闭。
10. 根^居权利要求 9所述的电源系统， 其特征在于， 还包括：
信号支持模块，用于通过分立电路传输或者通过软件协议支持实现如下信 号：
作为第一电源模块， 向第二电源模块发出的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第二电源模块， 接收到的来自第一电源模块的开机信号 /关机信号； 作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的电压检测值； 作为第二电源模块， 向第一电源模块发出的自身的关机请求；
作为第一电源模块， 接收到的来自第二电源模块的关机请求。
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