WO2012014544A1 - 気液接触装置及びco2回収装置 - Google Patents
気液接触装置及びco2回収装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012014544A1 WO2012014544A1 PCT/JP2011/060082 JP2011060082W WO2012014544A1 WO 2012014544 A1 WO2012014544 A1 WO 2012014544A1 JP 2011060082 W JP2011060082 W JP 2011060082W WO 2012014544 A1 WO2012014544 A1 WO 2012014544A1
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- liquid
- gas
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- wall surface
- contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/12—Methods and means for introducing reactants
- B01D2259/124—Liquid reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
Definitions
- the present invention is a gas-liquid contact device that supplies a processing liquid to a packed tower that performs absorption or distillation by gas-liquid contact, and in particular, a gas-liquid contact device such as a CO 2 absorption tower that absorbs CO 2 in exhaust gas, and CO 2 Concerning recovery equipment.
- CO 2 absorption liquid absorbs CO 2 in the exhaust gas in the CO 2 absorber, after removing the CO 2 from the exhaust gas, the CO 2 absorbing solution by stripping of CO 2 absorbed by the CO 2 absorbing solution in the regeneration tower A method of regenerating and recycling to the CO 2 absorption tower for reuse is used (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a gas as the CO 2 absorber in the exhaust gas and the gas absorption tower for contact with CO 2 absorbing liquid is a liquid
- gas-liquid contact efficiency between the gas and liquid in the gas absorption tower is a gas in the gas absorption tower Since the treatment performance is greatly affected, it is necessary to efficiently contact the gas when the liquid is sprayed in the gas absorption tower.
- a liquid disperser that sprays a liquid from above in the tower is used.
- a spray liquid disperser see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- Trough type liquid dispersers see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1
- channel type liquid dispersers channel type liquid dispersers, element type liquid dispersers, and tubular liquid dispersers that distribute liquids in different amounts.
- a spray type liquid disperser When a spray type liquid disperser is used in the gas absorption tower, a plurality of nozzles are provided in the gas absorption tower, and the liquid spray areas are overlapped to uniformly disperse the liquid in the gas absorption tower.
- the absorber when the absorber is the CO 2 absorber, when to absorb the CO 2 contained in the flue gas to the CO 2 absorbing solution, a low supply amount of CO 2 absorbing solution from the inside tower near the wall of the CO 2 absorber Therefore, the gas absorption performance in which the CO 2 absorbing liquid sprayed in the vicinity of the wall surface of the CO 2 absorption tower absorbs CO 2 is lowered. Further, if the amount of the CO 2 absorbing liquid sprayed on the wall surface of the CO 2 absorbing tower is large, the amount of CO 2 absorbed per CO 2 absorbing liquid supplied to the CO 2 absorbing tower decreases.
- the flow rate can be changed according to the operating load, but since the flow rate is proportional to the spray pressure, the flow rate is low to high. In order to cope with this, it is necessary to increase the spray pressure of the spray in a high flow rate region, and there is a problem that the amount of mist scattering increases when the spray pressure of the spray is high.
- the absorber is the CO 2 absorber
- when to absorb the CO 2 contained in the flue gas to the CO 2 absorbing solution since CO 2 absorbing solution in an exhaust gas from which CO 2 has been recovered is accompanied, CO 2 recovery The operating efficiency of the device is reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and is supplied into the tower by dispersing the liquid almost uniformly in the tower and reducing the amount of liquid sprayed on the wall surface in the tower. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas-liquid contact device and a CO 2 recovery device capable of efficiently bringing the gas and liquid into contact with each other and reducing the cost.
- a first invention of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is a gas-liquid contact in which a liquid is sprayed downward in a contact treatment tower through which gas rises and passes, and the rising gas and the liquid are brought into contact with each other.
- a liquid dispersion nozzle for uniformly spraying the liquid in the contact treatment tower.
- the second invention is the gas-liquid contact device according to the first invention, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the contact treatment tower in the direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction is square.
- the gas-liquid contact device in the gas-liquid contact device according to the second aspect of the present invention, includes a corner-dedicated nozzle that sprays the liquid toward the inside of the contact treatment tower. is there.
- the gas-liquid contact device according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the liquid dispersion nozzle and the wall surface dedicated nozzle include two or more kinds of nozzles which are selectively used according to the gas flow rate.
- the liquid dispersion nozzle is composed of a high load liquid dispersion nozzle and a low load liquid dispersion nozzle
- the wall surface dedicated nozzle is a low load wall surface dedicated nozzle and a low load liquid dispersion nozzle.
- a sixth invention is the gas-liquid contact apparatus according to the fourth or fifth invention, wherein different types of liquid dispersion nozzles and wall surface dedicated nozzles are alternately provided in the gas flow direction of the contact treatment tower.
- a seventh aspect of the invention is the gas-liquid contact according to the sixth aspect of the invention, wherein the different types of liquid dispersion nozzles and wall surface dedicated nozzles are arranged at different positions in the gas flow direction in the contact treatment tower. In the device.
- An eighth invention is made from the contact treatment tower of the gas-liquid contact apparatus according to any one invention of the first to seventh, by contacting the CO 2 absorbing liquid to absorb the exhaust gas and CO 2 containing CO 2 above and the CO 2 absorber to remove CO 2 from the exhaust gas, CO 2 recovery, characterized in that it comprises a regenerator where the CO 2 absorbent having absorbed CO 2 by releasing CO 2 to play the CO 2 absorbing solution In the device.
- the gas supplied into the tower is obtained by dispersing the liquid almost uniformly in the tower and reducing the amount of liquid sprayed on the wall surface in the tower. Can be efficiently brought into contact with the liquid and the cost can be reduced.
- the absorber is the CO 2 absorber
- the CO 2 contained in exhaust gas when to absorb the CO 2 absorbing solution the supply amount of CO 2 absorbing liquid to the vicinity of the wall surface of the CO 2 absorption tower substantially uniformly Therefore, the absorption performance of the CO 2 absorbing solution to absorb CO 2 can be improved. Further, since it reduces the amount of liquid CO 2 absorbing solution sprayed onto the wall surface of the CO 2 absorber, it is possible to increase the absorption of CO 2 per CO 2 absorbing liquid amount supplied to the CO 2 absorber .
- the CO 2 absorbing solution can be used without wasting the amine contained in the CO 2 absorbing solution. Can be used efficiently, and the steam required to release the CO 2 contained in the CO 2 absorbent in the regeneration tower can be used efficiently without waste, increasing the operating efficiency of the CO 2 recovery system. Can be made.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a CO 2 recovery device provided with a gas-liquid contact device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram simply showing the arrangement of the spray nozzles.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the sprayed state of the CO 2 absorbent sprayed from the spray nozzle.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram simply showing a cross-sectional shape of the wall surface nozzle.
- FIG. 5 is a view in the AA direction in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the distribution of the amount of water in the CO 2 absorbent in the AA direction in FIG. 2 in the cross section of the CO 2 absorption tower.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram simply showing another configuration of the arrangement of the spray nozzles.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram simply showing the cross-sectional shape of the corner-dedicated nozzle 31.
- FIG. 9 is a view in the AA direction in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram simply showing another configuration of the arrangement of the spray nozzles.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram simply showing another configuration of the arrangement of the spray nozzles.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the gas-liquid contact device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the flow rate and the spray pressure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the gas-liquid contact device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a CO 2 recovery device provided with a gas-liquid contact device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 includes a cooling tower 13 that cools an exhaust gas 11 containing CO 2 with water 12, and a CO 2 absorbent 14 that absorbs the cooled exhaust gas 11 and CO 2.
- CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 is circulated between the CO 2 absorption tower 15 and the regeneration tower 17, CO 2 absorption has absorbed CO 2 in the regenerator 17 from the CO 2 absorber 15
- the liquid (rich solution) 16 is fed, and almost all of the CO 2 is removed from the rich solution 16 in the regeneration tower 17 to the CO 2 absorption tower 15 from the regeneration tower 17, and the regenerated CO 2 absorbent (lean solution) 14. Has been sent.
- Exhaust gas 11 containing CO 2 discharged from an industrial facility such as a boiler or a gas turbine is pressurized by an exhaust gas blower or the like, and then sent to the cooling tower 13 to make countercurrent contact with the water 12 in the cooling tower 13. It is cooled by.
- the water 12 heated to a high temperature by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas 11 is extracted from the bottom of the cooling tower 13, cooled by the cooling water 18, and circulated and used for cooling the exhaust gas 11.
- the cooled exhaust gas 11 is discharged from the cooling tower 13 through a flue 19 connecting the cooling tower 13 and the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- Exhaust gas 11 discharged from the cooling tower 13 through a flue 19, is fed from a supply port 20 provided in the side wall of the bottom of the CO 2 absorber 15 to the CO 2 absorber 15.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 15 sprays the CO 2 absorption liquid 14 downward into the CO 2 absorption tower 15 through which the exhaust gas 11 rises and passes, and makes the gas-liquid contact that brings the rising exhaust gas 11 and the CO 2 absorption liquid 14 into contact with each other.
- It has apparatus 21A.
- Gas-liquid contact apparatus 21A includes a CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 and the spray nozzle 22A for spraying the CO 2 absorption tower 15, the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 absorbs liquid supply pipe 23 for supplying to each of the spray nozzles 22A and.
- the exhaust gas 11 is brought into counter-flow contact with the CO 2 absorption liquid 14 based on, for example, a basic amine compound, in the CO 2 recovery section 24 provided on the lower side of the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the CO 2 in 11 is absorbed by the CO 2 absorbent 14.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram simply showing the arrangement of the spray nozzle 22A
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the spray state of the CO 2 absorbent 14 sprayed from the spray nozzle 22A.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 15 has a square cross-sectional shape with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas 11.
- the spray nozzle 22 ⁇ / b> A includes a liquid dispersion nozzle 25 and a wall surface dedicated nozzle 26.
- the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 is provided in the CO 2 absorption tower 15 inside the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26.
- the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 is provided along the vicinity of the wall surface 27 in the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the vicinity of the wall surface 27 means a state in which the wall surface nozzle 26 and the wall surface 27 have a predetermined interval without contacting the wall surface 27.
- the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 sprays the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 into the CO 2 absorbing tower 15 almost uniformly in a quadrilateral shape (first spray region A in FIGS. 2 and 3).
- the amount of water of the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 sprayed from the liquid dispersing nozzle 25 decreases as the distance from the liquid dispersing nozzle 25 decreases, but the region where the amount of water of the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 sprayed from the liquid dispersing nozzle 25 decreases becomes adjacent.
- the shape of the first spray region A of the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 sprayed from the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 is not limited to the quadrilateral shape, but may be other shapes such as a circular shape and an elliptical shape. Good.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram simply showing a cross-sectional shape of the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26, and FIG. 5 is a view in the AA direction in FIG.
- the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 has a nozzle body 28 and a shielding plate 29.
- the shielding plate 29 extends integrally with the nozzle body 28 toward the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 sprayed from the nozzle hole 30 of the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 collides with the shielding plate 29 and is suppressed from being sprayed to the wall surface 27 side of the CO 2 absorption tower 15 while absorbing CO 2. It sprays on the inner side of the tower 15 (the 2nd spray area
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the distribution of the amount of water of the CO 2 absorbent 14 in the AA direction in FIG. 2 in the cross section of the CO 2 absorber 15.
- the water density is in the range of 90% to 110%, and the water density can be kept within the range of 10% distribution around 100%, Also on the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15, the water density can be maintained at about 90%.
- Water in the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to be supplied to the CO 2 absorber 15 can be made substantially uniform to the vicinity of the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the exhaust gas 11 from passing through the CO 2 absorption tower 15 without coming into contact with the CO 2 absorbent 14.
- the liquid amount of the CO 2 absorber 15 to be sprayed to the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15 is reduced, does not absorb CO 2 in the flue gas 11, it is stored in the bottom of the CO 2 absorber 15 The amount of the CO 2 absorbent 14 can be reduced.
- the wall 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15 By providing the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 along the surface, it is possible to suppress the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 from coming into contact with the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15. For this reason, the amount of water of the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 sprayed into the CO 2 absorbing tower 15 is made substantially uniform and dispersed up to the vicinity of the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorbing tower 15 without being affected by the size of the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 or the like. Can be made.
- the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 is supplied to the liquid dispersing nozzle 25 and the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 via the absorbing liquid supply pipe 23, compared to the case where a trough type liquid dispersing device or the like is used, Since the material cost and manufacturing cost of the disperser and the installation cost in the CO 2 absorption tower 15 are reduced, the equipment cost of the gas-liquid contact device can be reduced.
- the distance between the nozzle holes of the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 and the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 is relatively dependent on the size of each nozzle hole, the flow rate / spray range of the CO 2 absorbent 14 sprayed from each nozzle hole, and the like. Different.
- the intervals between the nozzle holes of the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 and the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 are such that interference occurs between the CO 2 absorbing liquids 14 sprayed from the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 and the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 during spraying. it suffices to unevenness does not occur in the liquid amount of CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to be atomized into 2 absorber 15.
- the spray nozzle 22A is composed of the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 and the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26, but this embodiment is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. it may be provided a corner dedicated nozzle 31 at the corners of the wall 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram simply showing a cross-sectional shape of the corner-dedicated nozzle 31, and FIG. 9 is a view in the AA direction in FIG. 8.
- the corner-specific nozzle 31 includes a nozzle body 32 and an L-shaped shielding plate 33 whose cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle body 32 is L-shaped.
- the L-shaped shielding plate 33 extends integrally with the nozzle body 32 toward the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15. Therefore, the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 sprayed from the nozzle hole 34 of the corner dedicated nozzle 31 collides with both surfaces of the L-shaped shielding plate 33 and is sprayed on the corner side of the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorbing tower 15. This is sprayed inside the CO 2 absorption tower 15 (third spray region C in FIG. 7). Therefore, since the corner portion dedicated nozzles 31 to spray the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to the inside of the CO 2 absorber 15, CO 2 absorbing solution sprayed from the corner dedicated nozzle 31 at the corners of the cross-section of the CO 2 absorber 15 14 can be prevented from dispersing.
- the wall surface nozzle 26 is provided with the same nozzle in the vicinity of the wall surface 27 on the short side and the long side of the CO 2 absorber 15, but the present embodiment is not limited to this.
- 10 and 11 are diagrams schematically illustrating another configuration of the spray nozzle 22A. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the wall surface nozzle 26 is provided in the vicinity of the short side wall surface nozzle 26 a provided in the vicinity of the short side wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15 and in the vicinity of the long side wall surface 27. Different types of nozzles may be provided as the long side wall surface dedicated nozzles 26b. Thus, it is possible to spray the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 each as an arbitrary ratio to the short side and the long side of the CO 2 absorber 15.
- Table 1 shows the results of the CO 2 recovery rate when the gas-liquid contact device 21A according to this embodiment is applied to the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- Table 1 shows the results of the CO 2 recovery rate when the gas-liquid contact device 21A according to this embodiment is applied to the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 is By arranging, the CO 2 absorption rate becomes about 1.1. Therefore, the gas-liquid contact apparatus 21A according to the present embodiment for CO 2 absorption rate increased by applying the CO 2 absorption tower 15, the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to circulate the CO 2 absorption tower 15 and the regeneration tower 17 The amount of liquid is reduced, and the amount of steam required to release CO 2 contained in the CO 2 absorbent 14 in the regeneration tower 17 can be reduced.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 15 has a square cross-sectional shape with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas 11, but the cross-sectional shape of the CO 2 absorption tower 15 is not limited to this, and may be circular or elliptical.
- the spray pressure of each nozzle is 0.2 MPa or less, preferably 0.15 MPa or less, more preferably 0.1 MPa or less.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 15 has a water washing unit 42 and a demister 43 on the upper side of the CO 2 recovery unit 24.
- CO 2 flue gas 41 from which CO 2 has been removed is released after the water washing section 42 and the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 that is entrained CO 2 flue gas 41 at the demister 43 is removed, from the top to the outside of the system .
- the rich solution 16 that has absorbed CO 2 in the exhaust gas 11 in the CO 2 recovery unit 24 is stored in the bottom of the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the rich solution 16 stored in the bottom of the CO 2 absorption tower 15 is pumped from the bottom of the absorption tower 15 by a rich solvent pump 44 provided outside, and is regenerated in the regeneration tower 17 in the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 45. After the heat exchange with the CO 2 absorbing solution 14, it is supplied into the tower from the top of the regeneration tower 17.
- the regeneration tower 17 releases CO 2 from the rich solution 16 and regenerates it as the lean solution 14.
- the rich solution 16 released from the top of the regeneration tower 17 into the tower of the regeneration tower 17 releases most of the CO 2 by endotherm, and by the time it reaches the bottom of the regeneration tower 17, almost all of the CO 2 is released.
- the CO 2 absorbent (lean solution) 14 from which 2 has been removed is obtained.
- the lean solution 14 stored at the bottom of the regeneration tower 17 is supplied as a CO 2 absorbing solution by a lean solvent pump 46, and is cooled by exchanging heat with cooling water 48 in a lean solvent cooler 47, and then cooled to a CO 2 absorbing tower. 15 is sent.
- CO 2 gas 51 accompanied by water vapor is released from the top of the regeneration tower 17.
- the CO 2 gas 51 accompanied with water vapor is led out from the top of the regeneration tower 17, the water vapor contained in the CO 2 gas 51 is condensed by the cooling water 53 by the condenser 52, and the water 56 is separated by the separation drum 54.
- the CO 2 gas 55 is discharged out of the system and recovered.
- the water 56 separated by the separation drum 54 is supplied to the upper portion of the regeneration tower 17 by a condensed water circulation pump 57.
- CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 used in the CO 2 absorber 15 a wall dedicated nozzles 26 along the vicinity of the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15
- the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 is provided inside the wall surface nozzle 26.
- the CO 2 absorbent 14 can be dispersed almost uniformly in the 2 absorption tower 15 up to the vicinity of the wall surface 27, so that the exhaust gas 11 supplied into the tower and the CO 2 absorbent 14 can be efficiently brought into contact with each other. Therefore, it CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 can improve the absorption performance of absorbing CO 2, the exhaust gas 11 is prevented from passing through the CO 2 absorption tower 15 without contacting the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 And the equipment cost can be reduced. Further, it is possible to reduce the amount of liquid CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to be atomized to the wall 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15, per the amount of liquid CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to be supplied to the CO 2 absorber 15 CO The amount of absorption of 2 can be increased.
- the CO 2 recovery device 10 in which the gas-liquid contact device according to this embodiment is applied to the CO 2 absorption tower 15 converts CO 2 in the exhaust gas 11 into CO 2 without being affected by the size of the CO 2 recovery device 10 or the like.
- 2 Absorbing liquid 14 can be efficiently and stably absorbed.
- gas-liquid contact apparatus description has been given of the case using the CO 2 absorption tower 15 of the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10, the present embodiment is not limited thereto, for example, cooling towers 13 You may make it use by.
- the gas-liquid contact device according to the present embodiment is not limited to the case where it is applied to the CO 2 recovery device 10.
- a liquid such as a flue gas desulfurization device is sprayed downward to bring the gas into contact with the liquid.
- Any apparatus having a spray nozzle used for the purpose can be suitably used.
- CO 2 recovery apparatus for gas-liquid contact apparatus according to the second embodiment is applied to the CO 2 absorber of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the gas-liquid contact device according to the second embodiment is used as a CO 2 absorption tower, similarly to the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device shown in FIG. Since the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device including the gas-liquid contact device according to the present embodiment is the same as the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device shown in FIG. 1 described above, a diagram showing the configuration of the CO 2 recovery device is omitted. It will be described with reference to only view showing a configuration of the CO 2 absorber. Incidentally, description thereof will be given the same reference numerals to the same members and the CO 2 recovery apparatus in FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the gas-liquid contact device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the spray nozzle 22 ⁇ / b > B of the gas-liquid contact device 21 ⁇ / b > B according to the present embodiment has two types in which the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 and the wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 can be selectively used according to the load operation of the CO 2 recovery device 10. It consists of a nozzle. These two types of nozzles are alternately provided in a direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15. That is, the liquid dispersion nozzle 25 includes a high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and a low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B.
- the wall surface nozzle 26 includes a high load wall surface nozzle 26A and a low load wall surface nozzle 26B.
- the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25 ⁇ / b > A and the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25 ⁇ / b > B are alternately provided in a direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 ⁇ / b > A and the low load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26 ⁇ / b > B are alternately provided on the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorber 15 in a direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11.
- the absorbing liquid supply pipe 23a supplies the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 to the high load liquid dispersing nozzle 25A and the low load liquid dispersing nozzle 25B, and the absorbing liquid supply pipe 23b is connected to the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A.
- the CO 2 absorbent 14 is supplied to the low load wall surface nozzle 26B.
- the CO 2 absorption liquid 14 can be sprayed from the same height in the tower.
- the gas-liquid contact device 21B uses the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A or the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B according to the load operation of the CO 2 recovery device 10, and the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A or the low load wall surface dedicated nozzle. 26B is used. Thereby, the CO 2 absorbent 14 can be supplied as an appropriate amount of water into the CO 2 absorption tower 15 in accordance with the load operation of the CO 2 recovery device 10.
- the load operation of the CO 2 recovery device 10 can be determined based on the flow rate of the exhaust gas 11 supplied into the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the CO 2 absorbent 14 is sprayed from the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A, and the flow rate of the exhaust gas 11 is smaller than the predetermined threshold value.
- the CO 2 absorbent 14 is sprayed from the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B and the low load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26B.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the flow rate and the spray pressure of the nozzle used. In FIG. 13, the predetermined threshold is 55%. As shown in FIG.
- the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B and the low load wall surface nozzle 26B are used, and the low load liquid dispersion nozzle is used.
- the CO 2 absorbent 14 is sprayed into the CO 2 absorption tower 15 from the nozzle 25B dedicated to the wall 25B and the low load wall.
- a predetermined threshold 55%
- the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the high load wall surface nozzle 26A are used, and the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle are used.
- the CO 2 absorbent 14 is sprayed into the CO 2 absorption tower 15 from 26A.
- the spray pressure is reduced under all load conditions.
- the liquid can be uniformly dispersed, the amount of mist of the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 generated by countercurrent contact between the exhaust gas 11 and the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 can be reduced. it can.
- a predetermined threshold value of the flow rate of the exhaust gas 11 that selectively uses the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A or the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B and the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A or the low load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26B is defined as exhaust gas. 11 was used when the flow rate was 55%. Further, in FIG. 13, the description has been given of the 55% as the threshold value of the flow rate of the exhaust gas 11, this embodiment is not limited thereto, the CO 2 recovery device 10 and the CO 2 absorber 15 size Further, it may be changed as appropriate according to the driving situation.
- the CO 2 absorber 15 the CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 while corresponding to the load operation of the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 CO 2 absorption tower Therefore, CO 2 in the exhaust gas 11 can be more efficiently and stably absorbed into the CO 2 absorbent 14.
- the load operation of the CO 2 recovery device 10 is determined based on the flow rate of the exhaust gas 11 supplied into the CO 2 absorption tower 15, but the present embodiment is not limited to this, and the CO 2 The load operation of the recovery device 10 may be determined based on the CO 2 recovery amount, the power consumption of the blower, and the opening of the damper.
- the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B are alternately provided in the CO 2 absorption tower 15 in a direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11.
- the present embodiment is not limited to this, and after providing a plurality of high load liquid dispersion nozzles 25A in the CO 2 absorption tower 15 in a direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11, A low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B may be provided.
- the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A are used, but this embodiment is limited to this. Instead, the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B and the low load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26B may be used, or the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A, the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A, the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B, and the low load surface dispersion nozzle 25B. Both the load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26B may be used.
- the spray nozzle 22B may be used in three or more types such as a medium load as well as a high load and a low load.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the gas-liquid contact device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the spray nozzle 22 ⁇ / b> C of the gas-liquid contact device 21 ⁇ / b> C according to the present embodiment connects the high-load liquid dispersion nozzle 25 ⁇ / b > A and the low-load liquid dispersion nozzle 25 ⁇ / b > B to the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15.
- the high load wall surface nozzles 26A and the low load wall surface nozzles 26B are alternately provided in the vicinity of the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15 in the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11. Is.
- the high-load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the low-load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B are alternately provided with different positions of the nozzles in the direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15. It is done. Also, the nozzles 26A for the high load wall and the nozzle 26B for the low load wall are arranged in different directions in the direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorber 15. It is provided alternately.
- the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B are alternately provided in the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15, and the arrangement positions in the direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 are set.
- the high load wall surface nozzle 26A and the low load wall surface nozzle 26B are alternately provided in the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15, and orthogonal to the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11.
- the arrangement positions in the direction to be made are different. Thereby, the pressure loss of the exhaust gas 11 when the exhaust gas 11 passes through the gas-liquid contact device according to the present embodiment can be reduced. For this reason, the power of the blower required to supply the exhaust gas 11 into the CO 2 absorption tower 15 can be reduced.
- the high load liquid dispersion nozzle 25A and the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B are alternately provided in the CO 2 absorption tower 15 in the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11, and the high load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26A and the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B are provided.
- the load wall surface dedicated nozzle 26B is alternately provided on the wall surface 27 of the CO 2 absorption tower 15 in the gas flow direction of the exhaust gas 11, the present embodiment is not limited to this.
- the low load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B or the low load may be provided.
- the gas-liquid contact apparatus according to the present embodiment according to the CO 2 recovering apparatus 10 which is applied to the CO 2 absorber 15 it is possible to reduce the pressure loss of the exhaust gas 11 to be fed to the CO 2 absorber 15 Therefore, while reducing the power required to supply the exhaust gas 11 in the CO 2 absorber 15, further CO 2 in the flue gas 11 while corresponding to the load operation of the CO 2 recovery apparatus 10 to a CO 2 absorbing liquid 14 It can absorb efficiently and stably.
- CO 2 recovery device 11 the exhaust gas 12,43,56 water 13 cooling tower 14 CO 2 absorbing liquid 15 CO 2 absorption tower 16 rich solution 17 regenerator 18,45,48,53 coolant 19 flue 20 supply ports 21A ⁇ 21C Gas-liquid contact device 22A to 22C Spray nozzle 23, 23a, 23b Absorption liquid supply pipe 24 CO 2 recovery unit 25 Liquid dispersion nozzle 25A High load liquid dispersion nozzle 25B Low load liquid dispersion nozzle 26 Wall dedicated nozzle 26a Short side wall surface Dedicated nozzle 26b Dedicated long side wall surface nozzle 62A High load wall surface dedicated nozzle 62B Low load wall surface dedicated nozzle 27 Wall surface 28, 32 Nozzle body 29 Shield plate 30, 34 Nozzle hole 31 Corner portion dedicated nozzle 33 L-shaped shield plate 41 CO 2 flue gas 42 washing section 43 demister 44 rich solvent pump 45 rich Lee Solution heat exchanger 46 lean solvent pump 47 lean solvent cooler 51 and 55 CO 2 gas 52 capacitor 54 separating drum 57 condensed water circulating pump
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Abstract
Description
本発明による第1の実施形態に係る気液接触装置をCO2吸収塔に適用したCO2回収装置について、図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る気液接触装置を備えたCO2回収装置の構成を簡略に示す図である。図1に示すように、CO2回収装置10は、CO2を含有する排ガス11を水12によって冷却する冷却塔13と、冷却された排ガス11とCO2を吸収するCO2吸収液14とを接触させて排ガス11からCO2を除去するCO2吸収塔15と、CO2を吸収したCO2吸収液(リッチ溶液)16からCO2を放出させてCO2吸収液14を再生する再生塔17とを有する。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係る気液接触装置をCO2吸収塔に適用したCO2回収装置について、図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態においては、上述の図1に示すCO2回収装置の構成と同様、第2の実施形態に係る気液接触装置をCO2吸収塔として用いている。本実施形態に係る気液接触装置を備えたCO2回収装置の構成は、上述の図1に示すCO2回収装置の構成と同様であるため、CO2回収装置の構成を示す図は省略し、CO2吸収塔の構成を示す図のみを用いて説明する。なお、図1のCO2回収装置と同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明は省略する。
本発明の第3の実施形態に係る気液接触装置をCO2吸収塔に適用したCO2回収装置について、図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態に係る気液接触装置は、第2の実施形態に係る気液接触装置と同様、上述の図1に示すCO2回収装置のCO2吸収塔に用いている。本実施形態に係る気液接触装置をCO2吸収塔に適用したCO2回収装置の構成は、上述の図1に示すCO2回収装置の構成と同様であるため、CO2回収装置の構成を示す図は省略し、CO2吸収塔の一部の構成を示す図のみを用いて説明する。なお、図1のCO2回収装置と同一の部材には同一の符号を付してその説明は省略する。
11 排ガス
12、43、56 水
13 冷却塔
14 CO2吸収液
15 CO2吸収塔
16 リッチ溶液
17 再生塔
18、45、48、53 冷却水
19 煙道
20 供給口
21A~21C 気液接触装置
22A~22C 噴霧ノズル
23、23a、23b 吸収液供給管
24 CO2回収部
25 液分散ノズル
25A 高負荷用液分散ノズル
25B 低負荷用液分散ノズル
26 壁面専用ノズル
26a 短辺側壁面専用ノズル
26b 長辺側壁面専用ノズル
62A 高負荷用壁面専用ノズル
62B 低負荷用壁面専用ノズル
27 壁面
28、32 ノズル本体
29 遮蔽板
30、34 ノズル孔
31 角部専用ノズル
33 L字型遮蔽板
41 CO2除去排ガス
42 水洗部
43 デミスタ
44 リッチソルベントポンプ
45 リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器
46 リーンソルベントポンプ
47 リーンソルベントクーラ
51、55 CO2ガス
52 コンデンサ
54 分離ドラム
57 凝縮水循環ポンプ
Claims (8)
- 気体が上昇して通過する接触処理塔内に液体を下向きに噴霧させ、前記上昇する気体と前記液体とを接触させる気液接触装置であり、
前記接触処理塔内の壁面に沿って設けられ、前記液体を前記接触処理塔の内側に向かって噴霧する壁面専用ノズルと、
前記接触処理塔内に前記壁面専用ノズルより内側に設けられ、前記接触処理塔内に前記液体を均一に噴霧する液分散ノズルとを含むことを特徴とする気液接触装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記接触処理塔の前記気体の流れ方向に対して直交する方向の断面形状が角型である気液接触装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記接触処理塔の断面の角部に設けられ、前記液体を前記接触処理塔の内側に向かって噴霧する角部専用ノズルを含む気液接触装置。 - 請求項1乃至3の何れか1つにおいて、
前記液分散ノズル及び壁面専用ノズルが、前記気体の流量に応じて使い分ける2種類以上のノズルを含む気液接触装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記液分散ノズルが、高負荷用液分散ノズルと低負荷用液分散ノズルとからなると共に、前記壁面専用ノズルが、高負荷用壁面専用ノズルと低負荷用壁面専用ノズルとからなり、
前記気体の流量が所定の閾値以上の場合、前記高負荷用液分散ノズル及び前記高負荷用壁面専用ノズルから前記液体を噴霧し、前記気体の流量が所定の閾値よりも小さい場合、前記低負荷用液分散ノズル及び前記低負荷用壁面専用ノズルから前記液体を噴霧する気液接触装置。 - 請求項4又は5において、
前記接触処理塔の前記気体の流れ方向に対して直交する方向に異なる種類の液分散ノズル及び壁面専用ノズルを交互に設ける気液接触装置。 - 請求項6において、
前記接触処理塔の前記気体の流れ方向に前記異なる種類の液分散ノズル及び壁面専用ノズルが交互に設けられると共に、
前記異なる種類の液分散ノズル及び壁面専用ノズルは、前記接触処理塔の前記気体の流れ方向に対して直交する方向に各々のノズルの配置位置を異ならせて交互に設けられる気液接触装置。 - 請求項1乃至7の何れか1つの気液接触装置の前記接触処理塔からなり、CO2を含む排ガスとCO2を吸収するCO2吸収液とを接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去するCO2吸収塔と、
CO2を吸収したCO2吸収液からCO2を放出させてCO2吸収液を再生する再生塔と、
を含むことを特徴とするCO2回収装置。
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US13/807,510 US9227154B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-04-25 | Gas-liquid contactor and CO2 recovery unit |
RU2012157575/05A RU2532175C2 (ru) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-04-25 | Газо-жидкостный контактный аппарат и установка извлечения диоксида углерода |
AU2011284040A AU2011284040B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-04-25 | Gas-liquid contactor and CO2 recovery unit |
CA2804276A CA2804276C (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-04-25 | Gas-liquid contactor and co2 recovery unit |
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JP2022109656A (ja) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-07-28 | 株式会社東芝 | 二酸化炭素回収システムおよび二酸化炭素回収システムの運転方法 |
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