WO2012011832A1

WO2012011832A1 - Gas-distributing mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic drive

Info

Publication number: WO2012011832A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000405
Authority: WO
Inventors: Борис Константинович ЗУЕВ
Original assignee: Zuev Boris Konstantinovich
Priority date: 2010-07-20
Filing date: 2010-07-20
Publication date: 2012-01-26
Also published as: RU2528238C1; RU2013103028A

Abstract

The gas-distributing mechanism comprises input and output valves (2, 3) connecting input and output conduits (9, 10) to and disconnecting said conduits from a combustion engine chamber, piston bushings (14, 15) with valve pistons, a hydraulic drive with a camshaft, the cams of which control the valves (2, 3), and with pistons, each piston bushing of each of which pistons is connected by a pipe to at least one piston bushing (14, 15) of the valve (2, 3), and pipes (16) connecting the piston bushings. The hydraulic drive, the bushings (14, 15) with the pistons of the valves (2, 3) and the pipes (16) connecting the piston bushings are arranged in a cavity formed by an engine cylinder block head (1) and by a cover (53) of the cylinder block head, the cover having oil drain valves (68). The cover (53) can limit the displacement of the bushings (14, 15) of the valves (2, 3). The invention makes it possible to simplify installation.

Description

GAS DISTRIBUTION MECHANISM OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH A HYDRAULIC DRIVE

Technical field

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to hydraulic control systems for gas valves of an internal combustion engine.

State of the art

Known hydraulic actuator gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to patent US 4612883, containing poppet valves, making reciprocating movements to control the connection of intake and exhaust channels with the combustion chamber of the engine, hydraulic pistons associated with said poppet valves, a remotely located actuator for supplying working fluid to the said pistons and a pump for supplying a working fluid under pressure to the drive. The actuator comprises a housing with a chamber, plunger bushings, each of which is connected to a hydraulic piston of a poppet valve for supplying liquid to it, plungers located in said plunger bushings for compressing a fluid, a valve device comprising a spool movably located on said plunger and inside the plunger bushings for connecting and disconnecting the cavity in the plunger sleeve above the slide valve and the plunger with a chamber in the hydraulic actuator housing. There is also a drive for cyclic movement of the spool separating the cavity in the plunger sleeve from the chamber in the hydraulic actuator housing, and for moving the plunger in the plunger sleeve to supply pressure fluid to the poppet valve piston and actuate the latter. This actuator contains a first relatively weak spring located between the plunger and the spool for acting on the spool towards the closing direction, and a second, relatively strong spring acting on the plunger and spool. Each piston and the upper part of the poppet valve are housed in an individual housing located on the cylinder head of the engine. The disadvantages of this technical solution include the separation of the design into individual actuators of each valve, which leads to the need for a large number of sealed joints and to the complexity of mounting the system and removing trapped air in the system. In addition, the system does not provide compensation for the reduction in oil volume during its cooling, which leads to the suction of air into the system.

The closest technical solution is the valve control mechanism for gas distribution valves of an internal combustion engine according to US Pat. pipelines connecting the hydraulic actuator to the valve plugs, oil pump, oil supply hydraulic drive of the crankcase, and the lines connecting the pump with hydraulic drive. The hydraulic actuator, in turn, contains a cam shaft with two cams, two groups of plunger bushings with plungers interacting with said cams, said plunger bushings being connected by the abovementioned pipelines to plunger bushings of gas distribution valves. Like the design of US Pat. No. 4,612,883, this design is divided into separate actuators for each valve, which also leads to the need for a large number of sealed joints and to the complexity of mounting the system and removing air trapped in the system. In addition, the system does not provide compensation for the reduction in oil volume during its cooling, which leads to the suction of air into the system.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to reduce the tightness requirements of these joints and simplify the installation of the hydraulic system by placing all the sealed joints of the hydraulic system in a separate cavity having oil drain channels in the crankcase, as well as providing compensation for the reduction in oil volume in the hydraulic system when it is cooled and the hydraulic system is continuously pumped by the oil pump engine.

The specified problem is solved in the gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic actuator containing inlet and outlet poppet valves connecting and disconnecting the inlet and outlet channels with an engine combustion chamber, plunger valves of poppet valves with plunger of poppet valves, a hydraulic actuator with a cam shaft containing cams controlling the inlet and outlet poppet valves, and with plungers, each plunger bush of each of which is connected by a pipeline to at least one plunger plug valves, and pipelines connecting them. According to the invention, the gas distribution mechanism, the plunger valves of the poppet valves with the plungers of the poppet valves and the pipelines connecting them are located in the same cavity formed by the cylinder head of the engine block and the cylinder head cover having drain channels for oil, the cylinder head cover being configured to be limited displacement of plunger bushings of poppet valves.

At the same time, the hydraulic drive has an internal cavity with a cam shaft located in it, which drives the plungers associated with the cavity formed by the cylinder head of the engine and the cylinder head cover, which excludes the introduction of a special drain pipe to drain excess oil from the hydraulic drive.

Preferably, the cam controlling the inlet poppet valves and their corresponding plunger bushings are rotated relative to the cam controlling the exhaust valves and corresponding to them from the plunger bushings about the axis of the cam shaft by an angle enabling the pipelines to connect all hydraulic plunger bushings to the corresponding plunger poppet valves. This allows you to bring the pipelines of the intake and exhaust valves to one end of the hydraulic actuator housing. The angle value is selected so that the said pipelines are located at the end of the hydraulic actuator in two rows. This also allows you to perform flat flats on the body of the hydraulic actuator and shift down the plane of the connector of the cylinder head of the engine and the cover of the head of the block.

Preferably, the gas distribution mechanism comprises a supply pipe from an engine oil pump passing through an opening in the cylinder head of the engine, with a shut-off valve located on the bottom of the supply pipe and its fastening made leaking and located at the top of the cylinder head engine. This allows you to create a cavity for air above the shut-off valve of the supply pipe with its subsequent displacement through the leaky fastening of the supply pipe and reducing its ingress into the hydraulic system when starting the engine after a long stop.

Over the hydraulic drive of the gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine, a cavity with a double-acting valve can be formed, connected by throttle holes, at least with plunger bushings located above the level of plunger bushings of poppet valves. This allows you to compensate for the decrease in the volume of oil in the hydraulic system when it cools after the engine is turned off, and the double-acting valve allows you to maintain the oil level in the specified cavity above the oil level in the cavity of the valve plug plunger sleeve, and when cooling the air in the cavity above the hydraulic actuator, it eliminates the suction of oil from the hydraulic system.

An annular groove can be made in the hydraulic actuator housing, closed by a washer and connected by a supply pipe to the engine oil pump and channels with each of the working volumes formed by plunger bushings and plungers. This allows you to reduce the volume and length of the channels of the hydraulic system, providing compensation for oil losses in the nozzles and plunger pairs. In this case, the washer, made in the form of a Belleville spring, performs the function of a safety valve.

In each of the plunger bushings of the hydraulic actuator, a cavity with a feed channel can be made, ending with a seat of an inlet valve made in the form of a ball, and limited by a plunger, and the cross-sectional area of the diametrical and axial gaps between the ball and the walls of the cavity is 0.4 - 0.6 of the area section of the inlet channel.

Preferably, there are safety valves in the plunger bushings of the poppet valves, which prevents the poppet valves from breaking when the timing belt breaks.

Cavities connected by throttle openings with at least one of the working volumes formed by the plunger plates of the poppet valves and plunger of the poppet valves, and bounded above by the plane of the cylinder head cover, can be made in the upper part of the plunger valves of the poppet valves. This reduces the noise from overflowing. oil through the throttle hole in the plunger sleeve and compensate for the decrease in oil volume when it cools after the engine is turned off.

Preferably, the gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine comprises springs pressing the plunger plugs of the poppet valves to the cylinder head cover, which prevents oil leakage from the cavity in the upper part of the plunger sleeve and, accordingly, air entering the system.

Features and advantages of the invention will be more apparent from the description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the attached drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic actuator, a perspective view with a spatial separation of the nodes;

in FIG. 2 schematically shows part of the gas distribution mechanism of a hydraulic internal combustion engine, a section along BB in FIG. 3;

in FIG. 3 is a section along A-A in FIG. 2.

An embodiment of the invention

Inlet head 1 of the block (Fig. 1) made of cast iron has inlet poppet valves 2 and outlet poppet valves 3, seats 4 (Fig. 2) and guide bushings 5 of which are made directly in the head 1 of the block. The inlet poppet valves 2 and the outlet poppet valves 3 are pressed against the seats 4 by springs 6 through the crackers 7 and plates 8. The oil seals 12 prevent oil from entering the inlet ducts 9 and the exhaust ducts 10 (Fig. 1) and the combustion chamber 11 (Fig. 2) The plunger surfaces 13 of the inlet poppet valves 2 and the plunger surfaces (not shown) of the poppet poppet valves 3 are included respectively in the plunger bushings 14 of the inlet poppet valves 2 and in the plunger sleeves 15 of the poppet poppet valves 3, which are connected by piping 16 s with the corresponding plunger sleeves 17 of inlet poppet valves 2 and bushings plunger 18 of exhaust poppet valves 3 installed in the hydraulic drive housing 19. Each cylinder of an internal combustion engine has more one inlet poppet valve 2 and more than one outlet poppet valve 3, and in the plunger bushings 14 and 15 there is a corresponding number of plunger holes connected to each other by channels 20. Also in the plunger bushings 14 and 15 there are safety valves 21 that prevent the breakdown of the inlet poppet valves 2 and exhaust poppet valves 3 in the case of, for example, a broken drive belt (not shown) of the gas distribution mechanism.

In the housing 19 of the hydraulic actuator, a cam shaft 22 is located, connected through a key 23 with a gear pulley 24, which in turn is connected to a belt (not shown) of the gas distribution mechanism. The pulley 24 is mounted on the camshaft 22 by a screw 25. The camshaft 22 is mounted on bearings 26 and is held from axial displacement by a split ring 27 and a spring washer 28. In the hydraulic drive housing 19, plunger bushings 17 are radially connected to the inlet poppet valves 17, whose plungers 29 through the pushers 30 are driven by a cam 31 (FIG. 3). A spring 32 (Fig. 2) through the plate 33 and the bracket 34 presses the plunger 29 against the pusher 30, and the latter against the cam 31. The plunger bushings 18 (Fig. 3) associated with the outlet poppet valves 3 (Fig. 1) are also located in the radial direction in the housing 19 (Fig. 3) with an angular displacement a, which provides the output of pipelines 16 (Fig. 1) to one end of the housing 19. The pipelines 16 are pressed by screws 35 to the annular grooves embedded on the plunger bushings 17 (Fig. 2) and 18, keeping them from moving. The second cam 36 (Fig. 3) is made on the cam shaft 22 at the level of the second row of pushers 37 associated with the plungers 38 of the hydraulic actuator, controlling the outlet poppet valves 3 (Fig. 1). The spring 39 (Fig. 3) through the plate 40 and the bracket 41 presses the plunger 38 to the pusher 37, and the latter to the cam 36.

An annular groove 42 is made in the hydraulic drive housing 19 (FIG. 2), connected by channels 43 to the supply channels 44 of each plunger sleeve 17 and 18. Each supply channel 44 ends with a cavity with an inlet valve seat 45 made in the form of a ball, with diametrical and axial clearances between the ball and the walls of the said cavity are made minimal, so as to ensure the passage of oil consumed in the gaps and nozzles. Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the diametrical and axial gaps between the ball of the valve 45 and the walls of the cavity is 0.4 - 0.6 of the cross-sectional area of the inlet channel 44. A value of 0.4 is due to the need to ensure the passage of oil, replenishing its flow in the gaps and jets, and a value of 0.6 is due to the need to ensure the required closing speed valve. From falling out of the cavity, the ball of the valve 45 is held by the plunger 29 or 38.

The annular groove 42 through the inclined channels 46 and the Central channel 47 is connected to the supply pipe 48, which is attached with a screw 49 to the housing 19 of the hydraulic actuator, and a screw 50 to the head of the unit 1. The pipe 48 enters the hole made in the head of the unit 1, and in it at the bottom there is a shut-off valve 51. A cavity 52 is formed between the pipe 48 and the wall of the hole in the head 1 of the block.

A cover 53 with an oil filler neck 54 of the head 1 of the block forms a cavity 55 and restricts the movement of the plunger bushings 14 and 15 pressed against it by the springs 56, forming a gap between the upper ends of the inlet poppet valves 2 and the outlet poppet valves 3 and the plunger bushings 14 and 15. Cover 53 and the spring-loaded plunger bushings 14 and 15 form oil cavities 57 associated with the working volumes of the plunger bushings 14 of the inlet poppet valves 2 and the plunger bushings 15 of the exhaust poppet valves 3 with throttle openings 58. The cavity 59 is hydro the drive, in which the cam shaft 22 and bearings 26 are located, communicates with the cavity 55, which provides drainage from the hydraulic oil drive, which has leaked through the gaps in the plunger pairs.

A cavity 60 is formed above the hydraulic actuator body 19, formed by a casing 61, pressed against the hydraulic actuator body 19 by a screw 62 (Fig. 3) with a sealing ring 63. The casing 61 is equipped with a double-acting valve 64 (Fig. 2) or separately inlet and outlet valves. Said cavity 60 is connected with cavities formed by plunger bushings 17 and plungers 29, as well as plunger bushings 18 and plungers 38, by means of throttle holes 65 made in two plunger bushings 17 and two plunger bushings 18 located above the level of plunger bushings 14 and 15 ( Fig. 1).

The tightness of the cavity 55 (Fig. 2) is ensured by the seals 12, 66 and the sealing of the joint 67 with the help of a sealant or rubber gasket. To drain into the crankcase of the engine (not shown) the oil resulting from the overflow of the oil cavities 57 and 60, there is a channel 68 associated with the oil scraper groove 69. Through the channel 68, the cavity 55 and the pipe 70, connected to the intake manifold of the engine (not shown), the crankcase is ventilated.

The gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic actuator operates as follows.

The rotation of the pulley 24 with a timing belt (not shown) of the gas distribution mechanism through the key 23 causes the cam shaft 22 to rotate, the cam 31 (Fig. 3) which moves the plunger 29 through the pusher 30 (Fig. 2), pumping oil through the pipe 16 into the plunger sleeve 14 . In this case, the inlet poppet valves 2 are moved down, compressing the return springs 6 through the crackers 7 and the plate 8 and coming off the seats 4.

With further rotation of the cam shaft 22, the cam 31 (Fig. 3) releases the pusher 30 (Fig. 2), which, under the action of the plunger 29, driven by the oil pressure generated by the spring 6 when the inlet poppet valve 2 is moved, rotates the cam shaft 22, returning part of the energy spent on compression of the spring 6. after the inlet poppet valve 2 is seated on the seat 4, the flow of oil through the pipe 16 stops, and the further movement of the plunger 29 occurs under the action of the spring 32 through the plate 33 and the bracket 34. Since part m when moving the inlet poppet valve 2 is lost, passing through the throttle holes 58 and 65, as well as gaps in the plunger pairs, moving the plunger 29 at the end of the stroke reduces the pressure in the chamber formed by the plunger sleeve 17 and plunger 29 to the pressure created by the oil pump ( not shown) engine. In this case, the oil through the shut-off valve 51, pipeline 48, channel 47, inclined channels 46, annular bore 42, channels 43 and supply channels 44, opening the valve 45, replenishes the oil loss, maintaining the oil pressure in the hydraulic system equal to the pressure created by the oil pump ( not shown), continuously pumping the hydraulic system. The oil flowing through the gap between the plunger sleeve 17 and the plunger 29, lubricating and cooling the plunger 30, also passes through the bearing 26 into the cavity 55 formed by the cylinder head 1 and the cylinder head cover 53.

The opening and closing of the outlet poppet valves 3 (FIG. 1) is controlled by a cam 36 (FIG. 3) by means of the pushers 37 and plungers 38 similarly to the inlet poppet valves 2 (FIG. 2). The double-acting valve 64 located on the casing 61 in the upper part of the cavity 60 ensures that the oil is retained in the cavity 60 when it is sucked into the working cavity of the hydraulic system when the engine cools and after reaching a vacuum in the cavity 60 equal to the difference in the oil column equal to the height of the shut-off valve 64 relative to chambers 57. In this case, oil is sucked in simultaneously from chambers 57 and 60, preventing air from entering the hydraulic system.

Claims

CLAIM

1. The gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine with a hydraulic drive, containing inlet and outlet poppet valves (2, 3) connecting and disconnecting the intake and exhaust channels (9, 10) with the combustion chamber of the engine (1 1), plunger bushings (14, 15 ) poppet valves with plungers (13) poppet valves, hydraulic actuator with a cam shaft (22) containing cams (31 and 36), controlling inlet and outlet poppet valves (2, 3), and with plungers (29, 38), each plunger a sleeve (17, 18) of each of which is connected by a pipeline at least one plunger valve plug (14, 15) of the poppet valve (2, 3), and pipelines connecting them (16), characterized in that the hydraulic actuator, plunger bushings (14, 15) of the poppet valve (2, 3) poppet valves (13) of poppet valves (2, 3) and pipelines connecting them (16) are located in one cavity (55) formed by the head (1) of the engine block and the cover (53) of the cylinder head having drain channels (68) for oil, and the cover (53) of the cylinder head is configured to limit the movement of plunger bushings (14, 15) arelchatyh valves (2, 3).

2. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic actuator has an internal cavity (59) with a cam shaft (22) located therein, which drives the plungers (29, 38) connected with the cavity (55) formed by the head ( 1) the engine block and the cover (53) of the cylinder head.

3. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the cam (31) controlling the inlet poppet valves (2) and the corresponding plunger bushings (17) are rotated relative to the cam (36) controlling the exhaust valves (3) and their corresponding plunger bushings (18) around the axis of the cam shaft (22) at an angle that allows the placement of pipelines (16) connecting all plunger bushings (17, 18) of the hydraulic actuator with the corresponding plunger bushings (14, 15) of poppet valves (2, 3).

4. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a supply pipe (48) from the engine oil pump passing through the hole in the head (1) of the engine block, and on the lower part of the supply pipe (48) there is a shut-off valve (51), and its fastening is leaky and is located in the upper part of the head (1) of the engine block.

5. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that a cavity (60) with a double-acting valve (64) is connected above the hydraulic actuator, connected by throttle holes (65), at least with plunger bushings (17, 18) located above the level plunger bushings (14, 15) of poppet valves (2, 3).

6. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular groove (42) is made in the hydraulic actuator housing, closed by a washer (28) and connected by a supply pipe (48) to the engine oil pump and channels (43 and 44) with each of the working volumes formed by plunger bushings (17, 18) and plungers (29, 38).

7. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that the washer (28) covering the annular groove (42) is made in the form of a disk spring.

8. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that in each of the plunger bushings (17, 18) of the hydraulic actuator there is a cavity with an inlet channel (44) ending in a seat of the inlet valve (45), made in the form of a ball, and limited by the plunger (29 , 38), and the cross-sectional area of the diametrical and axial gaps between the ball and the walls of the cavity is 0.4 - 0.6 of the cross-sectional area of the supply channel (44).

9. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that in the plunger bushings (14, 15) of the poppet valves (2, 3) there are safety valves (21).

10. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the plunger bushings (14, 15) of the poppet valves (2, 3) there are cavities (57) connected by throttle openings (58) with at least one of the working volumes, formed by plunger bushings (14, 15) of poppet valves (2, 3) and plungers (13) of poppet valves (2, 3), and bounded from above by the plane of the cap (53) of the cylinder head.

1 1. The gas distribution mechanism according to claim 10, characterized in that it contains springs (56), which press the plunger bushings (14, 15) of the poppet valves (2, 3) to the valve head (53) of the cylinder block.