WO2012006792A1

WO2012006792A1 - Electric automobile thermal management system

Info

Publication number: WO2012006792A1
Application number: PCT/CN2010/075623
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李辉; 李立; 李久学
Original assignee: Li Hui; Li Li; Li Jiuxue
Priority date: 2010-07-14
Filing date: 2010-08-02
Publication date: 2012-01-19
Also published as: CN201712554U

Abstract

An electric automobile thermal management system is disclosed, which includes temperature sensors, a heating up and cooling device and a CPU (central processing unit). The temperature sensors are used to collect temperature of components which generate increase and drop of temperature in an electric automobile. The heating up and cooling device is used to generate heat source and cold source for transmitting to the components. The heating up and cooling device is connected with a signal output end of the CPU through a control switch. The CPU is used to receive signals of the temperature sensors, carry out processing calculation and output control signals to the heating up and cooling device.

Description

Electric vehicle thermal management system

Technical field

The invention relates to an electric vehicle, and in particular to an electric vehicle thermal management system.

Background technique

At present, electric vehicles generally use lithium batteries. The operating environment temperature of electric vehicle lithium batteries is generally -20 to +55 ° C, and the extreme low temperature in low temperature environments may be as low as -40 ° C or less. For a single cell, the capacity retention at 0 ° C is about 60 to 70%, the capacity retention at -10 ° C is about 40 to 55%, and the capacity retention at -20 ° C is about 20 to 40%. Under such low temperature conditions, the electrochemical reaction rate decreases, the current and voltage of the battery output will decrease, and the discharge capacity will also drop drastically. Such low temperature performance obviously cannot meet the requirements of the power source. On the contrary, the extreme temperature in a high temperature environment can reach 50 ° C, or even about 60 ° C, even if the high temperature performance of the lithium iron phosphate battery is good, the discharge capacity of the lithium battery will be greatly reduced, thus controlling the working environment temperature of the lithium battery It is of vital importance; currently, the working voltage of the lithium battery is between 2.0 and 4.25V, and the capacity of the power lithium battery is 10 to 100 Ah. In order to meet the load power consumption of electric vehicles with high voltage and high current, it is necessary to use a plurality of single battery strings in parallel. This not only makes the internal resistance, capacity and terminal voltage of the battery difficult to balance, but also increases the technical difficulty of protecting the line and increases the cost. The larger the battery capacity connected in series, the more difficult it is to make the charging and discharging protection circuit, and the safety is difficult to completely solve. The series and parallel connection of a large number of flexible packagings also increases the labor intensity for the installation workers, and there are great safety hazards in loading, unloading, transportation and assembly. In addition, the motor and motor controller have a temperature rise during operation. The electric motor and the motor controller have higher temperature rise during operation at high speed. Excessive temperature may cause damage to the motor and controller, making it use. The life is short and wastes resources; and since the ambient temperature of the electric vehicle is generally -20 to +55 ° C, the space inside the cabin is small, and the temperature is too high or too low to make people feel uncomfortable.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle thermal management system capable of monitoring the temperature rise of electric motors, motor controllers, batteries and the like of electric vehicles in real time, keeping the temperature rise of each component within an appropriate range, and ensuring that the electric vehicle can be normally operated. run.

The invention adopts the following technical solution: an electric vehicle thermal management system, comprising a temperature sensor for collecting the temperature of the component that generates the temperature rise and fall in the electric vehicle; and a temperature rise and fall device for generating the heat source and the cold source for heating or cooling The component is connected to the signal output end of the central processing unit through a control switch; the central processing unit is configured to receive the signal of the temperature sensor for processing calculation and output a control signal to the temperature rise and fall device.

The temperature rise and fall device comprises a temperature control liquid box with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and a heat sink is arranged above the temperature control liquid box, and a metal plate, a metal plate and a temperature are arranged between the temperature control liquid box and the heat sink. A semiconductor temperature difference module is respectively disposed between the control liquid box and the heat sink, and the semiconductor temperature difference module is connected in series and connected to the DC power source through the control switch.

The temperature sensor includes a first temperature sensor, and the first temperature sensor is disposed in the battery pack, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature rise and fall device are respectively connected to the liquid output pipe and the liquid input pipe through the pipeline and the battery pack circulation pump.

The temperature sensor further includes a second temperature sensor for being disposed in the motor, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature rise and fall device are respectively connected to the cooling water outlet and the inlet of the motor through the pipeline and the motor circulation pump.

The temperature sensor further includes a third temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor is disposed at the motor controller, and the inlet and outlet ports of the temperature rise and fall device pass through the pipeline and the motor controller to circulate the pump and the cooling water of the motor controller respectively. The exit is connected to the entrance.

The temperature sensor further includes a fourth temperature sensor, the fourth temperature sensor is disposed in the vehicle compartment, the refrigerator is further provided with a refrigerator and a heater, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature rise and fall device pass through the pipeline and the refrigeration cycle pump. They are respectively connected to the outlet and the inlet of the refrigerator, and the inlet and outlet of the temperature-lowering device are respectively connected to the outlet and the inlet of the heater through the pipeline and the heating circulation pump.

The battery pack is disposed in the temperature control battery case, and the temperature control battery case comprises an outer casing with an open upper end, a cover plate is arranged at the opening of the outer casing, and a positive pole and a negative pole column and a detection line terminal are arranged on the upper part of the cover plate, and the detection line terminal is The temperature detecting output end of the battery pack, the positive pole and the negative pole end of the battery; the lower part of the cover plate is provided with a tab connector connected to the positive pole column and the negative pole column; and the two end faces of the outer casing are disposed perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate a liquid circulation hole, a liquid input pipe and a liquid output pipe respectively communicate with both ends of the liquid circulation hole, and the liquid input pipe and the liquid output pipe pass through the pipe and the battery group circulation pump respectively, and the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet of the temperature rise and fall device Connecting; the liquid input pipe and the liquid output pipe are provided with a plug connected to each other, the plug is sealed at the upper end and the lower end of the liquid flow hole; the liquid flow hole, the liquid input pipe and the inner wall of the liquid output pipe are along the length direction The utility model is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion; the bottom of the outer casing is detachably provided with a base, and the two sides of the base are provided with arc-shaped grooves, the groove and the liquid input pipe or the liquid on both sides Output pipeline snap.

The semiconductor temperature difference module between the metal plate and the temperature control liquid box and the hot surface or the cold surface of the semiconductor temperature difference module between the metal plate and the box heat sink are aligned; the temperature control liquid box and the box heat sink are internally provided; The heat dissipating rib is provided with a heat dissipating fan at one end of the box heat dissipating body; the outer surface of the temperature control liquid box is further provided with a heat insulating film.

The system further includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor. The detection ends of the voltage sensor and the current sensor are respectively connected and connected in series with the positive and negative ends of the battery, and the signal output terminals of the voltage sensor and the current sensor are respectively processed by the signal amplification conversion circuit and the central processing. The signal input of the unit is connected.

The signal input of the central processing unit is also connected to a charging switch of the electric vehicle.

The electric vehicle thermal management system of the invention can detect the temperature condition of each component by the temperature sensor and send it to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit timely adjusts the temperature to ensure that the temperature of each component is within an appropriate range. And the system has a wide range of thermal management, including not only the temperature control of the battery, creating a suitable working environment temperature for the battery, improving the electrochemical reaction speed, ensuring the output current, output voltage and discharge capacity of the battery, so that the battery is optimal. Performance, meet the requirements of power supply; and the battery box is scientific in design, simple and reasonable in structure, suitable for packaging of various flexible packaging lithium batteries, which can make the capacity of flexible packaging lithium battery cells freely assembled from several amperes to hundreds of amps. It is beneficial to improve the mass ratio energy of the single lithium battery, and it is convenient to assemble, load and unload, and eliminate various safety hazards, which is safe and reliable. The system also includes temperature monitoring of the motor and motor controller to prevent the motor and motor controller from being damaged due to excessive temperature; the system also monitors the temperature inside the cabin to ensure the comfort of the human body's own active space.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of a temperature control battery case according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the outer casing of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the liquid input pipe or the liquid output pipe of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the liquid circulation hole or the liquid input pipe or the inner wall of the liquid output pipe of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a front view showing the structure of the temperature rise and fall device;

Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of the temperature rise and fall device;

Figure 8 is a schematic left side view of the temperature rise and fall device;

Figure 9 is a schematic perspective view of the temperature rise and fall device;

Figure 10 is a circuit connection diagram of a temperature rise and fall device and a control switch when a high temperature liquid is generated;

Figure 11 is a circuit connection diagram of the temperature rise and fall device and the control switch when the cryogenic liquid is generated.

detailed description

As shown in FIG. 1, the electric vehicle thermal management system of the present invention comprises a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, a central processing unit, and a temperature rise and fall device, wherein the first temperature sensor is used to Inside the battery pack, a second temperature sensor is provided inside the motor; The third temperature sensor is used to be disposed at the motor controller, the fourth temperature sensor is used for setting in the electric vehicle compartment, and the electric vehicle is also provided with a refrigerator and a heater; the first temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor adopt DS18B20 The second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor both adopt PT100, and the signal output ends of the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the signal amplification conversion circuit, and the output end of the signal amplification conversion circuit and the first temperature sensor And the signal output end of the fourth temperature sensor is connected to the measurement signal input end of the central processing unit through the CAN bus; the signal output ends of the voltage sensor and the current sensor in the system respectively pass the signal amplification conversion circuit and the CAN bus and the central processing unit The signal input end is connected; the signal input end of the central processing unit is also connected to the charging switch of the charger through the CAN bus to know the state of charge and discharge of the battery, to ensure normal operation of the battery; the CAN bus has strong error detection capability and the communication distance is long To ensure the accuracy of signal transmission. The signal output end of the central processing unit is connected to the signal control terminal of the temperature rise and fall device via the drive circuit and the switch 1 and the switch 2.

As shown in FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the temperature rise and fall device comprises a temperature control liquid cartridge 21, and the liquid inlet 22 and the liquid outlet 23 are respectively disposed on the detachable end caps of the temperature control liquid cartridge 21. The inlet port 22 and the outlet port 23 of the temperature rise and fall device are respectively connected to the outlet and the inlet of the refrigerator through a pipe and a refrigeration cycle pump, and the inlet port 22 and the outlet port 23 of the temperature rise and fall device pass through the pipe and the heating cycle. The pump is respectively connected to the outlet and the inlet of the heater, and the refrigerator and the heater are placed in the electric vehicle; the inlet 22 and the outlet 23 of the temperature riser are also connected to the battery through the pipeline and the battery circulation pump respectively. The liquid output pipe and the liquid input pipe are connected; the liquid inlet 22 and the liquid outlet 23 of the temperature rise and fall device are respectively connected to the cooling water outlet and the inlet of the motor through the pipe and the motor circulation pump; the liquid inlet 22 and the outlet of the temperature rise and fall device The liquid port 23 is respectively connected to the cooling water outlet and the inlet of the motor controller through the pipeline and the motor controller circulating pump, wherein the refrigeration circulating pump, the heating circulating pump, the battery group circulating pump, the motor circulating pump, the motor controller circulating pump are controlled End through loop A driving circuit connected to the signal output terminal of the central processing unit. A box heat sink 24 is disposed above the temperature control liquid box 21, and the temperature control liquid box 21 and the box heat sink 24 are both high pressure cast aluminum alloy parts or cold drawn aluminum alloy parts. A metal plate 25 is disposed between the temperature control liquid box 21 and the box heat sink 24, and a semiconductor temperature difference module 26 (TEC1-12708) is respectively disposed between the metal plate 25 and the temperature control liquid box 21 and the cassette heat sink 24. The number of semiconductor temperature difference modules above and below the metal plate 25 is two and four, respectively (may also be four and ten or eight and twenty, respectively). The semiconductor temperature difference module 26 is uniformly adhered to the upper surface of the metal plate 25 and the temperature control liquid case 21 by the thermal grease, and the temperature difference between the semiconductor plate 25 and the temperature control liquid case 21 and between the metal plate 25 and the cassette heat sink 24 The hot or cold faces of the module 26 are oriented uniformly, so that the temperature difference is greater, and the effect of cooling or heating is better, wherein the metal plate 25 makes the heat transfer uniform. As shown in FIG. 10, the semiconductor temperature difference module 26 is connected in series through the relay J1 and the DC power source 27 (12). V) connection, the central processing unit controls the relay J1 through the driving circuit (the two ends of the coil of the relay J1 are connected to the output end of the driving circuit), and the positive and negative electrodes of the semiconductor temperature difference module 26 are connected with the positive and negative terminals of the DC power source 27 to make the temperature difference of the semiconductor The bottom surface of the module 26 is heated and supplied to the temperature control liquid cartridge 21, and the liquid in the temperature control liquid cartridge 21 becomes a high temperature liquid; as shown in FIG. 11, the central processing unit controls the relay J2 through the drive circuit (the ends of the coil of the relay J2) Connected to the output end of the driving circuit), the positive and negative electrodes of the semiconductor temperature difference module 26 are connected to the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the DC power source 27, and the bottom surface of the semiconductor temperature difference module 26 is cooled and transported to the temperature control liquid box 21, and the temperature control liquid box 21 is inside. The liquid turns into a cryogenic liquid. In order to improve the heat absorption or heat dissipation performance, heat dissipation ribs 29 are provided inside the temperature control liquid box 21 and the box heat sink 24. In order to further improve the heat absorption or heat dissipation performance, the heat dissipation rib 29, the temperature control liquid box 21 and the box may be further provided. The inner wall of the heat dissipating body 24 is provided with arc-shaped protrusions along the longitudinal direction to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat absorption or heat dissipation performance. A heat dissipation fan 30 is provided at one end of the cartridge heat sink 24 for cooling and cooling of the cartridge heat sink 24. A heat insulating film 31 is provided on the outer surface of the temperature control liquid cartridge 21 to reduce heat loss inside the temperature control liquid cartridge 21.

As shown in FIG. 2, the battery pack is disposed in the temperature-controlled battery case, and the temperature-controlled battery case includes an outer casing 1 having an open upper end, and a detachable base 16 is disposed at the bottom of the outer casing 1, and a cover plate 2 is disposed at an upper opening of the outer casing 1. A plurality of partitions 14 are vertically disposed inside the outer casing 1. The partitions 14 uniformly divide the inside of the outer casing 1 into a plurality of independent regions, and a plurality of cells 5 are disposed in the respective independent regions, and the plurality of cells 5 are arranged side by side. The positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13 of the upper portion of the battery core 5 are connected by a "ear"-shaped tab connector 6 for connection with the positive electrode column 3 and the negative electrode column 4, and the positive electrode column 3 and the negative electrode column 4 respectively pass through the cover plate 2. The upper counterbore is connected to the tab connector 6; the connector 7, the connector 8 and the connector 9 connect the adjacent battery packs in series. In order to facilitate the performance test of the lithium battery, the cover line 2 is provided with a detection line terminal 17, including a temperature detecting end, a battery positive end and a negative end, and a connecting end, wherein the temperature detecting end is connected to the signal input end of the central processing unit. The positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery are respectively connected in series with the current sensor and in parallel with the voltage sensor; the lower end of the temperature detecting end is connected with the output end of the first temperature sensor disposed under the cover plate 2, and the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery are connected. The lower ends of the body ends are respectively connected to the tab connectors 6, the connecting body 7, the connecting body 8 and the connecting body 9. The detecting wire terminal 17 is made of brass chrome plating and has a cross-sectional area of 0.5-1.0 mm 2 .

As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a plurality of liquid circulation holes 15 are provided in the outer casing 1, and the liquid circulation holes 15 are provided on both end faces of the outer casing 1, and perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate 2, in the liquid Both ends of the circulation hole 15 are respectively provided with a liquid input pipe 10 and a liquid output pipe 11 communicating therewith. The liquid input pipe 10 and the liquid output pipe 11 are provided with the same number of plugs 18 as the liquid flow holes 15, and the plug 18 is in communication with the liquid input pipe 10 and the liquid output pipe 11, and the plug 18 is blocked in the liquid circulation. Inside the hole 15. An arc-shaped groove is formed on both sides of the base 16, and the groove is engaged with the liquid input pipe 10 or/and the liquid output pipe 11 on both sides, and the base 16 can be pushed and pulled along the length of the liquid input pipe 10 and the liquid output pipe 11. slide. Arc-shaped protrusions 19 are provided on the inner walls of the liquid circulation holes 15, the liquid input pipe 10, and the liquid output pipe 11, that is, the treatment for increasing the heat exchange area is performed, and the heat absorption or heat dissipation performance is improved to ensure the battery use performance. The height and width ratio of the outer casing 1 is (190±5): (135±1.5), which is suitable for the passenger car with a mass of 860kg∽1400kg. It is placed under the front and rear seats and does not need to raise the seat height. The gap can still reach ≥150mm. The outer casing 1 is a high pressure cast aluminum alloy piece or a cold drawn aluminum alloy piece. The material of the cover plate 2 is V00 nylon 66 plastic material, flame retardant V00 grade, and meets the requirements of the BOHS directive. The material of the positive electrode column 3 and the negative electrode column 4 is brass chrome plating. The liquid input pipe 10 and the liquid output pipe 11 may be metal materials, or V00 nylon 66 plastic materials, flame retardant V00 grade, and meet the requirements of the BOHS directive.

Electric passenger cars include A0, A, B, C electric cars, RUV, MPV electric cars. When the system is used on these models, the temperature rise and fall device can be installed in the car water tank position; The temperature sensor can be placed according to the battery pack. Under normal circumstances, 1-2 are placed under the front seat, and 2-4 are placed under the rear seat. The other battery packs can be installed with a minimum of one temperature sensor according to the position distribution. The temperature sensor can be placed in the stator winding slot when the motor is produced; the temperature sensor of the measuring motor controller can be placed on the heat sink; the 2-4 temperature sensors can be placed in the car compartment before and after; the central processing unit is centered The circuit board can be placed in the appropriate position in the rear box or in the front and middle box joints. When applicable to electric commercial vehicles (including 6-25 meters electric buses, 6-12 meters and other electric tourist buses), the temperature sensor for measuring the battery pack can be placed according to the battery pack, and can be installed at least according to the position distribution. 10 temperature sensors. The central processing unit monitors the temperature of each temperature sensor in real time and compares it with each temperature setting value to control the temperature rise and fall device to generate high temperature or low temperature liquid input into the corresponding components, thereby controlling the temperature of each place to be maintained in an appropriate range. The system can control the operating temperature of the battery at 10 ~ 30 ° C, and also calculate the SOC value (charge state) of the battery through the current sensor and the voltage sensor to ensure that the current and voltage of the battery output are normal, and the discharge capacity is 80%. Above; the operating temperature of the motor can be controlled below 105 ° C ~ 155 ° C; the operating temperature of the motor controller can be controlled below 85 ° C; the ambient temperature of the space in the cabin can be controlled within 8 ° C ~ 28 ° C .

In addition, the system can also control the temperature of lead storage batteries, fuel cells, etc., and the temperature rise and fall device can also be set as needed.

Claims

An electric vehicle thermal management system, comprising: a temperature sensor for collecting temperature of a component that generates a temperature rise and fall in an electric vehicle; and a temperature rise and fall device for generating a heat source and a cold source for supplying a component that needs to be heated or cooled, The cooling device is connected to the signal output end of the central processing unit through a control switch; the central processing unit is configured to receive the signal of the temperature sensor for processing calculation and output a control signal to the temperature rise and fall device.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein said temperature rise and fall device comprises a temperature-controlled liquid box with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and a heat sink is arranged above the temperature control liquid box, and the temperature is A metal plate is disposed between the control liquid box and the heat sink, and a semiconductor temperature difference module is respectively disposed between the metal plate and the temperature control liquid box and the heat sink. The semiconductor temperature difference module is connected in series and connected to the DC power source through the control switch.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 2, wherein the temperature sensor comprises a first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is disposed in the battery pack, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature rise and fall device pass through the pipeline. And the battery pack circulation pump is connected to the liquid output pipe and the liquid input pipe, respectively.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein the temperature sensor further comprises a second temperature sensor, wherein the second temperature sensor is disposed in the motor, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the temperature rise and fall device are The pipe and the motor circulation pump are respectively connected to the cooling water outlet and the inlet of the motor.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein the temperature sensor further comprises a third temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor is disposed at the motor controller, and the liquid inlet and outlet of the temperature rise and fall device The port is connected to the cooling water outlet and inlet of the motor controller via a pipe and motor controller circulation pump.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein the temperature sensor further comprises a fourth temperature sensor, wherein the fourth temperature sensor is disposed in the vehicle compartment, and the refrigerator is further provided with a refrigerator and a heater. The inlet and outlet of the temperature-lowering device are connected to the outlet and the inlet of the refrigerator through a pipeline and a refrigeration cycle pump respectively, and the inlet and outlet of the temperature-lowering device are respectively connected to the heater through the pipeline and the heating circulation pump. The exit and entrance are connected.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, wherein the battery pack is disposed in the temperature control battery case, and the temperature control battery case comprises an outer casing having an open upper end, and the opening of the outer casing is provided There is a cover plate, the upper part of the cover plate is provided with a positive pole column and a negative pole column and a detection line terminal, the detection line terminal is the temperature detection output end of the battery pack, the positive pole and the negative pole end of the battery; the lower part of the cover plate is connected with the positive pole column and the negative pole column; a tab connector; a plurality of liquid circulation holes are provided on both end faces of the outer casing and perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate, and the liquid input pipe and the liquid output pipe are respectively communicated with the two ends of the liquid flow hole, and the liquid input pipe and The liquid output pipe is connected to the liquid outlet and the liquid inlet of the temperature rise and fall device through the pipeline and the battery pack circulation pump respectively; the liquid input pipe and the liquid output pipe are provided with a plug connected to each other, and the plug is sealed in the liquid flow hole. An upper end and a lower end; the inner wall of the liquid circulation hole, the liquid input pipe and the liquid output pipe are provided with arc-shaped protrusions along the length direction; the bottom of the outer casing is detachably provided with a base The sides of the base are provided with arc-shaped grooves, and the grooves are engaged with the liquid input pipes on both sides or/and the liquid output pipe.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein the semiconductor temperature difference module between the metal plate and the temperature control liquid case and the hot or cold surface of the semiconductor temperature difference module between the metal plate and the box heat sink are provided. The temperature control liquid box and the box heat dissipating body are internally provided with a heat dissipating rib, and one end of the box heat dissipating body is provided with a heat dissipating fan; and the outer surface of the temperature control liquid box is further provided with a heat insulating film.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a voltage sensor and a current sensor, wherein the detecting ends of the voltage sensor and the current sensor are respectively connected and connected in series with the positive and negative ends of the battery, the voltage sensor and The signal output of the current sensor is connected to the signal input of the central processing unit via a signal amplification conversion circuit.
The electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 9, wherein the signal input end of the central processing unit is further connected to a charging switch of the electric vehicle.